NCERT Solutions for Class 2 Joyful Maths Chapter 06 Decoration for Festival

 

Question. Complete the given table with the help of the above picture.
Answer: The completed table shows how many flowers each person brought to the festival decoration. Rohan brought 1 group and 2 single flowers for a total of 12. Simran brought 3 groups and 7 single flowers totalling 37. Akash brought 4 groups and 8 single flowers totalling 48. Suwali brought 5 groups and 3 single flowers totalling 53. Javed brought 4 groups and 3 single flowers totalling 43. Zoha brought 2 groups and 0 single flowers totalling 20.
In simple words: Count the bunches and single flowers each person has. Each bunch is 10 flowers. Add the bunches and single flowers together to find the total.

Exam Tip: Make sure to count both the bunches (groups of 10) and the loose single flowers. Write the total as tens plus ones.

 

Question. Find the total number of flowers when Zoha and Javed bring their flowers together.
Answer: Zoha brings 2 groups and 0 single flowers, making 20 flowers. Javed brings 4 groups and 3 single flowers, making 43 flowers. Adding these together: 20 + 43 = 63 flowers.

43
+20
---
63
In simple words: Add the flowers Zoha has to the flowers Javed has. Zoha has 20, Javed has 43. Together they have 63 flowers.

Exam Tip: Line up the ones and tens columns neatly. Add ones first, then tens. Check your answer by counting.

 

Question. Complete the table for Zoha and Akash together.
Answer: Zoha brings 2 groups and 0 single flowers, totalling 20. Akash brings 4 groups and 8 single flowers, totalling 48. When they bring their flowers together, they have 6 groups and 8 single flowers, totalling 68 flowers.

48
+20
---
68
In simple words: Count all the bunches and single flowers together. When you add 48 and 20, you get 68 altogether.

Exam Tip: Group the tens together and the ones together. This makes adding easier and helps you avoid mistakes.

 

Question. What is the total number of flowers used by Rohan and Simran?
Answer: Rohan brings 1 group and 2 single flowers, totalling 12 flowers. Simran brings 3 groups and 7 single flowers, totalling 37 flowers. Adding these together: 12 + 37 = 49 flowers.

12
+37
---
49
In simple words: Rohan brings 12 flowers and Simran brings 37 flowers. When you add them together, you get 49 flowers in total.

Exam Tip: Always write the tens place above the tens place and ones above ones. Then add each column carefully.

 

Question. Let us do it on Ginladi. A. 25 + 12 =
Answer: To add 25 and 12 using the number line, start at 25 and count forward 12 steps. You will land on 37. So 25 + 12 = 37.
In simple words: Put your finger on 25. Jump 12 spaces forward. You stop at 37.

Exam Tip: The number line helps you see how addition works. Always count carefully and mark each jump.

 

Question. B. 57 + 34 =
Answer: To break down this addition, write 57 + 34 as 57 + 30 + 4. First add 57 + 30 to get 87. Then add 4 more to get 91. So 57 + 34 = 91. Count 34 steps forward from 57 on the number line to reach 91.
In simple words: Start at 57. Count up 30 to reach 87. Then count up 4 more to reach 91. You can break 34 into 30 and 4 to make it easier.

Exam Tip: Breaking a number into tens and ones makes addition simpler. Always add the tens first, then the ones.

 

Question. C. 24 + 43 =
Answer: To solve 24 + 43, you can rewrite it as 24 + 40 + 3. Adding 24 + 40 gives you 64. Then adding 3 more gives you 67. So 24 + 43 = 67. The number line shows starting at 24 and jumping 43 steps forward to land on 67.
In simple words: Start at 24. Jump 40 forward to get 64. Then jump 3 more to get 67. Breaking 43 into 40 and 3 makes the adding easier.

Exam Tip: Use the number line to check your mental arithmetic. It shows each step and helps catch errors.

 

Question. Now add numbers on the number line. B. 24 + 16 =
Answer: Using the number line, place your finger at 24 and jump forward 16 steps to reach 40. You can break this into jumps of 10 and 6. First jump 10 from 24 to reach 34, then jump 6 more to reach 40. So 24 + 16 = 40.
In simple words: Start at 24. Jump 10 to reach 34. Then jump 6 more to get to 40. Breaking the jump into smaller pieces helps count correctly.

Exam Tip: Jump by tens when you can - it is faster and easier than jumping by ones. Mark each position you land on.

 

Question. C. 11 + 22 =
Answer: To add 11 and 22 on the number line, begin at 11 and move forward 22 steps. You can jump in two groups of 10 and then 2 more. Jump 10 to reach 21, jump another 10 to reach 31, then jump 2 more to reach 33. So 11 + 22 = 33.
In simple words: Start at 11. Jump 10 to get 21. Jump 10 again to get 31. Then jump 2 more to get 33. Jump by tens first, then by ones.

Exam Tip: Breaking a number into tens and ones lets you use the number line more smoothly. Always label where you land.

 

Question. Read the number line and fill the boxes. A. 22 + = 38
Answer: Looking at the number line, you start at 22 and need to reach 38. Counting forward from 22, you need to add 16 more to get to 38. So 22 + 16 = 38.
In simple words: Find where 22 is on the number line. Count forward until you reach 38. You counted 16 jumps.

Exam Tip: When the missing number comes first, count forward from that number on the line to find what you add.

 

Question. B. 18 + =
Answer: Starting at 18 on the number line and jumping forward, we need to find the missing number and missing total. Looking at the number line markings, we jump 10 then 3 more. Jumping 10 from 18 gives us 28, and jumping 3 more gives us 31. So 18 + 13 = 31.
In simple words: Start at 18. Jump 10 forward to 28. Jump 3 more to reach 31. The missing number is 13.

Exam Tip: Always count the number of jumps you make. Each jump tells you how much to add.

 

Question. C. + =
Answer: From the number line, we can see jumps of 10 and then 3. Looking at the positions marked, we start at 11 and jump 10 to reach 21, then jump another 10 to reach 31, and finally jump 2 more to reach 33. So 11 + 22 = 33.
In simple words: Look at where the line starts and where it ends. Count all the jumps. The first number is where you start and the second number is how many you jump.

Exam Tip: Write down the starting point and the ending point. The sum is the ending point. The second number is found by counting all the jumps.

 

Question. Add these Numbers
Answer:
44 + 23 = 67
56 + 23 = 79
36 + 8 = 44
30 + 58 = 88
45 + 35 = 80
In simple words: Line up the tens and ones. Add the ones column first. Then add the tens column. Write the answer below the line.

Exam Tip: Always align ones under ones and tens under tens. Recheck by adding again or using a number line.

 

Question. Let us Do. A. Rahim made 43 runs in one match and 58 runs in another match. How many runs he made in the two matches together?
Answer: Rahim scored 43 runs in his first match and 58 runs in his second match. To find the total runs across both matches, add 43 + 58. This equals 101 runs.

43
+58
---
101
In simple words: The first match has 43 runs. The second match has 58 runs. Add them together to get 101 runs total.

Exam Tip: When adding two numbers, write them neatly in columns. Add ones first, then tens. Carry over to the tens place if needed.

 

Question. B. Simarpreet had 12 colour pencils. Her mother gifted her 36 more colour pencils. How many total colour pencils does she have now?
Answer: Simarpreet originally had 12 colour pencils. Her mother then gave her 36 additional colour pencils. Adding these amounts: 12 + 36 = 48 colour pencils altogether.

12
+36
---
48
In simple words: She started with 12 pencils. She got 36 more pencils. Now she has 48 pencils in total.

Exam Tip: Read carefully - "more" means you add. Set up the problem with ones under ones and tens under tens.

 

Question. C. Heena collected 34 red marbles and 57 blue marbles. How many total marbles does she have now?
Answer: Heena gathered 34 red marbles and 57 blue marbles in total. To find how many marbles she has altogether, add 34 + 57. This gives 91 marbles.

34
+57
---
91
In simple words: She has 34 red ones and 57 blue ones. Count all the marbles together to get 91.

Exam Tip: When combining two groups, always add them. Line up ones and tens carefully to avoid mistakes.

 

Question. D. Sarika spent Rs. 56 in the fair, while Manish spent Rs. 35 in the fair. What is the total money they both spent in the fair?
Answer: Sarika spent Rs. 56 at the fair. Manish spent Rs. 35 at the fair. The total amount both spent is 56 + 35 = Rs. 91.

56
+35
---
91
In simple words: Sarika spent 56 rupees. Manish spent 35 rupees. Together they spent 91 rupees.

Exam Tip: When the problem asks for a total, add the amounts. Check by reversing the order - addition works the same way.

 

Question. E. There are 36 men and 47 women in the bus. How many people are there in the bus?
Answer: The bus carries 36 men and 47 women. To find the total number of people on the bus, add 36 + 47 = 83 people.

36
+47
---
83
In simple words: There are 36 men and 47 women. Add them to find 83 people altogether on the bus.

Exam Tip: Counting total people means adding all groups together. Always include every group mentioned in the problem.

 

Question. We can also use the ginladi to find the answers of the following. A. Take away 9 from 18. 18 - 9 =
Answer: To subtract 9 from 18 using the number line, start at 18 and move backward 9 steps. You will reach 9. So 18 - 9 = 9.
In simple words: Put your finger on 18. Go backward 9 steps. You land on 9.

Exam Tip: For subtraction, always start at the bigger number and count backward on the number line.

 

Question. B. Take away 8 from 12. 12 - 8 =
Answer: To find 12 - 8 on the number line, start at 12 and count backward 8 steps. You will arrive at 4. So 12 - 8 = 4.
In simple words: Begin at 12. Move back 8 spaces. You stop at 4.

Exam Tip: Count each backward jump carefully. Mark each position to avoid losing count.

 

Question. C. Take away 18 from 30. 30 - 18 =
Answer: To subtract 18 from 30 using the number line, start at 30 and move backward in steps. You can move back 10 to reach 20, then back 8 more to reach 12. So 30 - 18 = 12.
In simple words: Start at 30. Go back 10 to reach 20. Go back 8 more to reach 12. Breaking 18 into parts helps.

Exam Tip: Breaking the number you are subtracting into tens and ones makes counting backward easier.

 

Question. D. Take away 14 from 23. 23 - 14 =
Answer: To solve 23 - 14 on the number line, begin at 23 and move backward 14 steps. You can move back 10 to reach 13, then back 4 more to reach 9. So 23 - 14 = 9.
In simple words: Start at 23. Jump back 10 to get 13. Jump back 4 more to get 9. Breaking 14 into 10 and 4 makes it simpler.

Exam Tip: Always subtract the tens first, then the ones. This method is fast and helps avoid mistakes.

 

Question. E. Take away 17 from 26. 26 - 17 =
Answer: To subtract 17 from 26 using the number line, place your marker at 26 and step backward 17 positions. Move back 10 to reach 16, then back 7 more to reach 9. So 26 - 17 = 9.
In simple words: Start at 26. Go back 10 to reach 16. Go back 7 more to reach 9.

Exam Tip: Count backward by tens first for speed. The number line makes subtraction clear and easy to check.

 

Question 1. Read the number line and fill the boxes.
(A) 26 - _____ = _____
(B) 39 - 28 = _____
(C) _____ - _____ = _____
(D) 38 - 11 = _____
(E) 22 - 22 = _____
(F) 14 - 0 = _____
(G) 35 - 12 = _____
Answer: (A) 26 - 15 = 11
(B) 39 - 28 = 11
(C) 40 - 31 = 9
(D) 38 - 11 = 27
(E) 22 - 22 = 0
(F) 14 - 0 = 14
(G) 35 - 12 = 23
In simple words: When you take away numbers on a number line, you move backward. The answer is how far you moved backward from where you started.

Exam Tip: Always use a number line to check your subtraction - it helps you visualize what you are taking away and makes sure your answer is correct.

 

Question 2. Subtract 24 from 37.
Answer: Write 37 in the tens and ones form: 3 tens and 7 ones. Write 24 as 2 tens and 4 ones. In the ones place, 7 - 4 = 3. In the tens place, 3 - 2 = 1. The result is 1 ten and 3 ones, which equals 13.
In simple words: Break both numbers into tens and ones. Subtract the ones from ones and tens from tens. Put the answers together to get your final result.

Exam Tip: Write numbers using the tens and ones place value method - this makes subtraction clearer and helps you avoid mistakes.

 

Question 3. A child said, "I have 45 blocks. I give 12 blocks to my friend. I am left with _____ blocks."
Answer: Start with 45 blocks total. When 12 blocks are given away, you subtract. 45 - 12 = 33. The child is left with 33 blocks. In tens and ones: 4 tens and 5 ones, minus 1 ten and 2 ones, equals 3 tens and 3 ones, which is 33.
In simple words: Start with 45. Take away 12. You get 33 blocks left.

Exam Tip: Check your answer by adding: if 33 + 12 = 45, your subtraction is right.

 

Question 4. Solve the following subtraction problems.
(i) 24 - 13 = _____
(ii) 54 - 31 = _____
(iii) 32 - 12 = _____
(iv) 46 - 34 = _____
Answer:
(i) 24 - 13 = 11
(ii) 54 - 31 = 23
(iii) 32 - 12 = 20
(iv) 46 - 34 = 12
In simple words: For each problem, line up the tens and ones. Subtract ones from ones, and tens from tens. Write down your result.

Exam Tip: When subtracting, always check that you are subtracting the smaller number from the larger number in each place value.

 

Question 5. Shikha has Rs 82. She bought pencils for Rs 22. How much money is she left with?
Answer: Shikha starts with Rs 82. She spends Rs 22 on pencils. To find how much money is left, you subtract 22 from 82. Working: 82 - 22 = 60. Shikha is left with Rs 60.
In simple words: She had Rs 82. She spent Rs 22. Now find what is left by taking away 22 from 82. She has Rs 60 left.

Exam Tip: In money word problems, identify the starting amount and what was spent - then subtract to find what remains.

 

Question 6. Ruby has Rs 60. She bought a notebook for Rs 20. How much money is she left with?
Answer: Ruby begins with Rs 60. She buys a notebook that costs Rs 20. To find the remaining money, take away 20 from 60. Working: 60 - 20 = 40. Ruby has Rs 40 left.
In simple words: Ruby had Rs 60. She spent Rs 20 on a notebook. Subtract 20 from 60 to get Rs 40 remaining.

Exam Tip: Always set up money problems carefully - identify the total amount first, then what was spent, and finally subtract to find the balance.

 

Question 7. Now, Jyoti has 28 flowers in all. She gives 5 to her friend. Help Jyoti to find out how many flowers is she left with?
Answer: Jyoti starts with 28 flowers total. She gives 5 flowers to her friend, so you subtract 5 from 28. Using the tens and ones method: 28 is 2 tens and 8 ones. Subtract 5 ones. Since 8 ones - 5 ones = 3 ones, the answer is 2 tens and 3 ones, which equals 23. Jyoti is left with 23 flowers.
In simple words: Jyoti had 28 flowers. She gave away 5. Subtract 5 from 28 to get 23 flowers left.

Exam Tip: Using place value blocks or drawing tens and ones helps you see exactly what is being taken away and keeps your calculation organized.

 

Question 8. Jyoti has 73 flowers in all. She gives 47 to her mother. How many flowers is she left with?
Answer: Jyoti has a total of 73 flowers. She gives 47 flowers to her mother. To find how many flowers remain, you perform the subtraction 73 - 47. Breaking into place values: 73 is 7 tens and 3 ones, and 47 is 4 tens and 7 ones. Subtract the ones: since you cannot take 7 ones from 3 ones, you borrow 1 ten from the 7 tens, making it 6 tens and 13 ones. Now 13 - 7 = 6 ones, and 6 - 4 = 2 tens. The result is 2 tens and 6 ones, which is 26. Jyoti is left with 26 flowers.
In simple words: Jyoti had 73 flowers. She gave 47 away. When you subtract and the ones digit of what you are taking away is bigger, you borrow from the tens. The answer is 26 flowers.

Exam Tip: When the ones digit being subtracted is larger than the ones digit you are subtracting from, you must borrow 10 from the tens place - always remember this borrowing step.

 

Question 9. Solve the following subtraction problems.
(i) 45 - 18 = _____
(ii) 84 - 37 = _____
(iii) 65 - 45 = _____
(iv) 27 - 27 = _____
(v) 93 - 48 = _____
Answer:
(i) 45 - 18 = 27
(ii) 84 - 37 = 47
(iii) 65 - 45 = 20
(iv) 27 - 27 = 0
(v) 93 - 48 = 45
In simple words: When the ones digit you need to take away is larger than the ones you have, borrow 1 ten. This makes 10 more ones to use. Then subtract.

Exam Tip: Always check if borrowing is needed by looking at the ones place - if the bottom digit is bigger, borrow from tens first before subtracting.

 

Question 10. Aman skipped 14 times in the first chance. How many more skips he has to make to complete 20 skips?
Answer: Aman has already completed 14 skips. He needs to reach a total of 20 skips. To find how many more he needs to do, you subtract 14 from 20. Working: 20 - 14 = 6. Aman must skip 6 more times to complete 20 skips. You can also check this by adding: 14 + 6 = 20.
In simple words: Aman did 14 skips. He wants 20 total. How many more does he need? Take away 14 from 20 to get 6 more skips needed.

Exam Tip: For "how many more" questions, subtract what has been done from the total needed - this tells you what is left to complete.

 

Question 11. Avni skipped 12 times in the first chance. How many more skips she has to make to complete 20 skips?
Answer: Avni has completed 12 skips so far. She aims to reach 20 skips in total. To discover how many additional skips she needs, you take away 12 from 20. Working: 20 - 12 = 8. Avni must perform 8 more skips to reach her goal of 20 skips. Verification: 12 + 8 = 20.
In simple words: Avni did 12 skips. Her goal is 20. How many more skips? Subtract 12 from 20 to find that she needs 8 more.

Exam Tip: When you have a target number, always subtract what is already done to find the remainder needed - this method works for all "how many more" problems.

 

Question 12. Anushka collected 63 shells. She gave 26 shells to her brother. How many shells are left with her?
Answer: Anushka gathered 63 shells in total. She gave 26 shells to her brother, which means you must subtract 26 from 63. Working: 63 - 26 = 37. Anushka has 37 shells remaining.
In simple words: Anushka had 63 shells. She gave away 26. Subtract 26 from 63 to get 37 shells left.

Exam Tip: In problems about giving or removing items, subtract the amount given away from the total to find what is left - organize your work in the tens and ones format.

 

Question 13. 54 passengers were sitting in the bus and 16 got down at the bus stand. How many are there in the bus now?
Answer: The bus held 54 passengers initially. When 16 passengers got down at the stop, the total number in the bus decreased. To find how many remain, you subtract 16 from 54. Working: 54 - 16 = 38. There are now 38 passengers on the bus.
In simple words: The bus had 54 people. 16 got off. Subtract 16 from 54 to get 38 people still on the bus.

Exam Tip: In transportation and quantity problems, when people or items leave, always subtract them from the original amount to find what remains.

 

Question 14. There were 40 balloons and 13 balloons got burst. How many balloons are left?
Answer: The starting quantity of balloons was 40. When 13 balloons burst, they were lost. To find the number of balloons still intact, you take away 13 from 40. Working: 40 - 13 = 27. There are 27 balloons remaining.
In simple words: You started with 40 balloons. 13 popped or burst. Subtract 13 from 40 to get 27 balloons left.

Exam Tip: For problems where items are lost or damaged, subtract the lost amount from the original total to find the surviving quantity.

 

Question 15. Kanika made 72 bangles. She sold 36 bangles. How many bangles are left with Kanika now?
Answer: Kanika crafted 72 bangles altogether. She then sold 36 of those bangles. To determine how many bangles she still has, you subtract 36 from 72. Working: 72 - 36 = 36. Kanika now has 36 bangles left.
In simple words: Kanika made 72 bangles. She sold 36. Subtract 36 from 72 and you get 36 bangles remaining.

Exam Tip: For business or selling problems, subtract the quantity sold from what was made or owned to find the inventory remaining.

 

Question 16. 56 birds were sitting on the tree. A few more birds joined them. Now there are 87 birds. Find out the number of birds that came later.
Answer: Initially, there were 56 birds on the tree. More birds arrived, and the total increased to 87 birds. To find how many birds joined, you subtract the original number from the new total. Working: 87 - 56 = 31. Therefore, 31 birds came to the tree later.
In simple words: There were 56 birds at first. Then more came and the total became 87. How many new birds arrived? Subtract 56 from 87 to get 31.

Exam Tip: In problems where an amount increases, subtract the starting amount from the final amount to find how much was added - this is reverse subtraction thinking.

 

Question 17. Arman dribbled the ball 18 times. How many more times should he dribble the ball to complete 35 taps?
Answer: Arman has dribbled the ball 18 times so far. His goal is to reach 35 dribbles in total. To find how many additional dribbles he needs, you take away 18 from 35. Working: 35 - 18 = 17. Arman must dribble 17 more times to complete 35 total dribbles.
In simple words: Arman dribbled 18 times. He wants to do 35 total. How many more? Subtract 18 from 35 to get 17 more dribbles.

Exam Tip: Always find the difference between the goal and what has been done - subtract the done amount from the goal to get the remaining amount needed.

 

Question 18. Fill the missing numbers to complete the fact family.
(i) 20, 30, 50: Complete the addition and subtraction facts.
(ii) 10, 20, 30: Complete the addition and subtraction facts.
(iii) 20, 80, 100: Complete the addition and subtraction facts.
Answer:
(i) 20, 30, 50
20 + 30 = 50
30 + 20 = 50
50 - 30 = 20
50 - 20 = 30

(ii) 10, 20, 30
10 + 20 = 30
20 + 10 = 30
30 - 20 = 10
30 - 10 = 20

(iii) 20, 80, 100
20 + 80 = 100
80 + 20 = 100
100 - 80 = 20
100 - 20 = 80
In simple words: A fact family shows how the same three numbers can be added in different orders and subtracted in different ways. If a + b = c, then b + a = c, and c - a = b, and c - b = a.

Exam Tip: Fact families help you see the relationship between addition and subtraction - they are opposite operations, and knowing one fact helps you write the others.

 

Question 19. Now complete the following diagrams.
(A) 1, 5, _____, with 9, 10, _____, and _____, 14, _____
(B) _____, 10, _____, with 9, 13, _____, and _____, 12, _____
Answer:
(A) 1, 5, 4; 9, 10, 8; 8, 14, 6
(B) 6, 10, 4; 9, 13, 3; 3, 12, 9
In simple words: In each diagram, the top number is the sum of the two numbers below it. So if you see two numbers at the bottom, add them to get the top. If you have the top and one bottom number, subtract to find the missing bottom number.

Exam Tip: These pyramid or house diagrams follow a simple rule - the top is always the sum of the two bottom numbers. Use this rule to find any missing number.

 

Question 20. Hania and Mansi want to give a gift to their mother. For its decoration, they purchased some ribbons and a gift wrapper. There are Rs 78 in the purse. The cost of a gift wrapper is Rs 24 and the cost of ribbons is Rs 37. (A) How much money did they spend? (B) How much money is left with them?
Answer: (A) To find the total amount they spent, you add the cost of the gift wrapper and the cost of ribbons. The gift wrapper costs Rs 24 and ribbons cost Rs 37. Working: 24 + 37 = 61. They spent Rs 61 in total.

(B) They started with Rs 78 in the purse. They spent Rs 61. To find how much money remains, you subtract 61 from 78. Working: 78 - 61 = 17. Hania and Mansi are left with Rs 17.
In simple words: First add both costs to find what they spent: Rs 24 + Rs 37 = Rs 61. Then subtract what they spent from what they had: Rs 78 - Rs 61 = Rs 17 left.

Exam Tip: Multi-step money problems need careful reading - first add all the costs, then subtract the total from the starting amount to find the balance.

 

Question 21. Addition and Subtraction Pyramid.
Complete the missing numbers in the addition and subtraction pyramids.
Answer: Addition pyramid (first set): The base is 5, 3, 6, 8. The second row is 8, 9, 14. The top is 17 and 23, and the peak is 40. Numbers shown: 40 at top, 17 and 23 in next row, 8, 9, 14 in the third row, 5, 3, 6, 8 at the base. In the addition pyramid, each number equals the sum of the two numbers directly below it.

Subtraction pyramid (second set): The base is 9, 6, 5, 8. The second row is 15, 11, 13. The top is 26 and 24, and the peak is 47. Numbers shown: 47 at top, 26 and 24 in next row, 15, 11, 13 in the third row, 9, 6, 5, 8 at the base. In the subtraction pyramid, each number in a higher row is found by subtracting the right number from the left number in the row below.
In simple words: In an addition pyramid, the top equals the sum of two numbers below. In a subtraction pyramid, each number equals the left number below minus the right number below.

Exam Tip: Pyramids show how numbers relate through addition and subtraction - work carefully from the base upward, making sure you follow the rule (add for addition pyramids, subtract for subtraction pyramids) at each step.

 

Question 22. Look at this diagram. Now complete the following diagrams.
(A) 1, 5, _____; 9, 10, _____; _____, 14, _____
(B) _____, 10, _____; 9, 13, _____; _____, 12, _____
Answer:
(A) 1, 5, 4; 9, 10, 8; 8, 14, 6
(B) 6, 10, 4; 9, 13, 3; 3, 12, 9
In simple words: The middle number equals the left number plus the right number. If you know two numbers, use them to find the missing one by adding or subtracting as needed.

Exam Tip: These diagrams use the fact family concept - the three numbers in each group are related by addition and subtraction, so use what you know to find what you don't know.

 

Question 23. Project Work. Daljeet has solved some questions and written down their answers. What do you think? Are they correct? Verify the answers. Correct it if you find them wrong.
Given problems:
25 + 36 = 511
37 + 58 = 131
35 - 17 = 22
57 - 78 = 21
30 - 17 = 27
Answer: When checking each answer:
25 + 36 should equal 61, but Daljeet wrote 511 - INCORRECT
37 + 58 should equal 95, but Daljeet wrote 131 - INCORRECT
35 - 17 should equal 18, but Daljeet wrote 22 - INCORRECT
57 - 78 cannot be done with these numbers in this order (78 is larger), but if we mean 78 - 57, that equals 21, which Daljeet got, but the order was wrong - INCORRECT
30 - 17 should equal 13, but Daljeet wrote 27 - INCORRECT

Corrected answers:
25 + 36 = 61
37 + 58 = 95
35 - 17 = 18
78 - 57 = 21 (or this problem should be written differently)
30 - 17 = 13
In simple words: Check each problem by working it out yourself. Compare your answer to what Daljeet wrote. If they don't match, figure out the correct answer and write it down.

Exam Tip: Always verify answers by working through the problem step-by-step - checking other people's work helps you catch errors and builds your own skills.

 

Question 1. Complete the given table with the help of the above picture.
Answer:

In simple words: Fill in the missing numbers. Each row shows how many flowers one person brought. Multiply the groups of ten by 10 and add the ones to find the total.

Exam Tip: Make sure each row is filled correctly - count the tens and ones carefully, then write the total as a sum.

 

Question 2. Add the numbers shown in the flowers. Write the result.
Answer:
When Zoha and Javed bring flowers together, they have a combined total of 63 flowers. This is found by first looking at what each person brings - Zoha brings 43 flowers (shown as 4 tens and 3 ones) and Javed brings 20 more flowers (shown as 2 tens and 0 ones). When you put these together: 43 + 20 = 63 flowers.
In simple words: Add 43 and 20 together. First add the tens: 40 + 20 = 60. Then add the ones: 3 + 0 = 3. So 60 + 3 = 63 flowers in total.

Exam Tip: Always add tens and ones separately, then combine them to get the final answer.

 

Question 3. Find the total number of flowers that Zoha and Akash bring together.
Answer:
Zoha brings 20 flowers (2 tens and 0 ones), and Akash brings 48 flowers (4 tens and 8 ones). When you add them together: 20 + 48 = 68 flowers in total.
In simple words: Add 20 and 48. Start with the tens: 20 + 40 = 60. Then add the ones: 0 + 8 = 8. So 60 + 8 = 68 flowers altogether.

Exam Tip: Write the numbers clearly in a column before adding - align tens above tens and ones above ones.

 

Question 4. What is the total number of flowers used by Rohan and Simran?
Answer:
Rohan uses 12 flowers in total (1 set of ten and 2 ones), while Simran uses 37 flowers (3 sets of ten and 7 ones). Adding these together gives: 12 + 37 = 49 flowers in total.
In simple words: Rohan and Simran together have 49 flowers. You can add by putting 12 on top of 37 and adding each column.

Exam Tip: When adding two 2-digit numbers, keep the digits in their correct positions and always check your answer by counting.

 

Question 5. Add 25 + 12 using the number line.
Answer:
Using the number line, start at 25. Then count forward 12 more steps to arrive at 37. So 25 + 12 = 37. You can count ahead by tens first (reaching 35), then count by ones to reach 37.
In simple words: Start at 25 on the line. Jump forward 12 spots. You land on 37.

Exam Tip: Number lines show addition visually - each step forward is one more number.

 

Question 6. Add 57 + 34 using the strategy of breaking numbers into tens and ones.
Answer:
Break 57 into 57 = 50 + 7 and break 34 into 30 + 4. Then add the tens together: 50 + 30 = 80. Next add the ones together: 7 + 4 = 11. Finally, combine them: 80 + 11 = 91.
In simple words: Split each number into tens and ones. Add all the tens to get 80. Add all the ones to get 11. Put them together: 80 + 11 = 91.

Exam Tip: Breaking numbers apart is called decomposition - it makes addition easier because you handle tens and ones separately.

 

Question 7. Add 24 + 43 on the number line.
Answer:
Start at 24 on the number line. Jump forward by tens in groups: first jump reaches 34 (add 10), second jump reaches 44 (add another 10), then you are at 4 more than 44. So you reach 64 + 3 = 67. Therefore 24 + 43 = 67.
In simple words: Begin at 24. Jump forward 40 to get to 64. Then jump forward 3 more to reach 67.

Exam Tip: When jumping on a number line by tens, you move in bigger steps, making the counting faster and easier to follow.

 

Question 8. Add the following numbers using place value blocks.
Answer:

In simple words: Count the place value blocks. Add all the tens together and all the ones together. When you get 10 or more ones, trade 10 ones for 1 new ten.

Exam Tip: Remember to regroup - when ones add up to 10 or more, exchange 10 ones for 1 ten.

 

Question 9. Add the following.
(i) 46 + 39 = ?
(ii) 56 + 19 = ?
(iii) 36 + 8 = ?
(iv) 30 + 58 = ?
(v) 45 + 35 = ?
Answer:
(i) 46 + 39 = 85
(ii) 56 + 19 = 75
(iii) 36 + 8 = 44
(iv) 30 + 58 = 88
(v) 45 + 35 = 80
In simple words: Add each problem by putting the larger number first, then adding the smaller number to it. You can add tens and ones separately if it helps.

Exam Tip: Always line up the numbers by place value before adding - ones under ones, tens under tens.

 

Question 10. Rahim scored 43 runs in one match and 58 runs in another match. How many runs did he make in the two matches together?
Answer:
Rahim's runs in the first match = 43. Rahim's runs in the second match = 58. Adding these: 43 + 58 = 101 runs in total across both matches.
In simple words: Add 43 and 58 together. You get 101 runs altogether.

Exam Tip: Always write out the problem clearly and identify which numbers you need to add before you start solving.

 

Question 11. Simarpreet had 12 colour pencils. Her mother gifted her 36 more colour pencils. How many total colour pencils does she have now?
Answer:
Simarpreet originally had 12 colour pencils. Her mother then gave her 36 more pencils. When you add them: 12 + 36 = 48 colour pencils in total.
In simple words: She started with 12 pencils and got 36 more. Now she has 48 pencils altogether.

Exam Tip: Look for key words like "more," "total," and "altogether" - these tell you to add the numbers.

 

Question 12. Heena collected 34 red marbles and 57 blue marbles. How many total marbles does she have now?
Answer:
Heena has 34 red marbles and 57 blue marbles. Adding both amounts: 34 + 57 = 91 marbles altogether.
In simple words: She has red and blue marbles. When you add 34 and 57, you get 91 marbles in total.

Exam Tip: Word problems often ask for a combined total - add all the quantities mentioned to find the answer.

 

Question 13. Sarika spent ₹56 in the fair, while Manish spent ₹35 in the fair. What is the total money they both spent in the fair?
Answer:
Sarika's spending = Rs. 56. Manish's spending = Rs. 35. Total money spent together = 56 + 35 = Rs. 91.
In simple words: Add the two amounts of money. Rs. 56 + Rs. 35 = Rs. 91.

Exam Tip: When dealing with money problems, always add the amounts and keep track of the currency symbol in your answer.

 

Question 14. There are 36 men and 47 women in the bus. How many people are there in the bus?
Answer:
Number of men in the bus = 36. Number of women in the bus = 47. Total number of people = 36 + 47 = 83.
In simple words: Count all the men and all the women. Add them to get the total number of people.

Exam Tip: Read carefully - the question asks for total people, so you must add both groups together.

 

Question 15. Read the number line and fill the boxes. A. 22 + ? = 38
Answer:
Start at 22 on the number line. Count forward to 38. You count 16 steps forward. So 22 + 16 = 38.
In simple words: Look at the number line. Jump from 22 to 38. Count how many steps - it is 16 steps.

Exam Tip: Number lines help you visualize the gap between two numbers - count the jumps to find the missing number.

 

Question 16. Read the number line and fill the boxes. B. 18 + ? = 31
Answer:
Starting at 18 on the number line, count forward to reach 31. The distance is 13 steps. So 18 + 13 = 31.
In simple words: From 18, jump forward to 31. You jump 13 times. The answer is 13.

Exam Tip: To find the missing number, count the spaces between the two given numbers on the line.

 

Question 17. Read the number line and fill the boxes. C. 11 + ? = 33
Answer:
Start at 11 on the number line. Jump forward until you reach 33. The number of steps is 22. Therefore, 11 + 22 = 33.
In simple words: Begin at 11. Count forward to 33. You move 22 steps. The missing number is 22.

Exam Tip: You can also subtract to find the missing number: 33 - 11 = 22.

 

Question 18. We can also use the ginladi to find the answers of the following. Take away 9 from 18.
Answer:
Using the number line (ginladi), start at 18. Move backward 9 steps. You land on 9. Therefore, 18 - 9 = 9.
In simple words: Start at 18 on the number line. Go back 9 steps. You end at 9.

Exam Tip: For subtraction on a number line, move backward - the opposite direction from addition.

 

Question 19. Take away 8 from 12.
Answer:
Start at 12 on the number line. Move backward 8 steps to reach 4. So 12 - 8 = 4. You can also decompose: 12 - 8 = 12 - 10 + 2 = 2 + 2 = 4 by removing tens and then adjusting with the ones.
In simple words: Start at 12. Count backward 8 spots. You land on 4.

Exam Tip: Break the subtraction into steps if the second number is large - subtract tens first, then ones.

 

Question 20. Take away 18 from 30.
Answer:
Start at 30 on the number line. Move backward 18 steps to reach 12. Therefore, 30 - 18 = 12. You can also think of it as: 30 - 18 = 30 - 10 - 8 = 20 - 8 = 12 by removing tens and ones separately.
In simple words: Start at 30. Count back 18. You stop at 12.

Exam Tip: Always check: 12 + 18 should equal 30 - this confirms your subtraction answer.

 

Question 21. Take away 14 from 23.
Answer:
Using the number line method, place yourself at 23. Move backward 14 steps and you reach 9. So 23 - 14 = 9. Breaking it down: remove 10 to get 13, then remove 4 more to reach 9.
In simple words: Begin at 23. Go back 14 spots. You end at 9.

Exam Tip: Use the number line as a visual - it shows clearly how many steps back you must move.

 

Question 22. Take away 17 from 26.
Answer:
Start at 26 on the number line. Move backward 17 steps to land on 9. Therefore, 26 - 17 = 9. This can also be solved by breaking it down: 26 - 17 = 26 - 10 - 7 = 16 - 7 = 9.
In simple words: Start at 26. Count backward 17. You reach 9.

Exam Tip: For subtracting numbers close to 10, 20, or 30, break them apart by tens and ones to make the math easier.

 

Question. Read the number line and fill the boxes.
(A) 26 - ___ = ___
(B) 39 - 28 = ___
(C) ___ - ___ = ___
(D) 38 - 11 = ___
(E) 22 - 22 = ___
(F) 14 - 0 = ___
(G) 35 - 12 = ___
Answer: (A) 26 - 15 = 11; (B) 39 - 28 = 11; (C) 40 - 31 = 9; (D) 38 - 11 = 27; (E) 22 - 22 = 0; (F) 14 - 0 = 14; (G) 35 - 12 = 23
In simple words: Use the number line to work out each subtraction. Begin at the bigger number and count backwards by the smaller number to discover what is left.

Exam Tip: Check every answer by using the number line marked on the page. Make sure you start from the correct position and move the right number of steps backward.

 

Question. Subtract 24 from 37.
Answer: Using the block representation, we have 3 tens and 7 ones. When we take away 2 tens and 4 ones, we are left with 1 ten and 3 ones, which equals 13. We can also write this as: 37 - 24 = 13.
In simple words: To find 37 minus 24, you can use blocks to show 37, then take away 2 tens and 4 ones. What stays is 13.

Exam Tip: Whether you use blocks, a number line, or vertical subtraction, always check your result by adding it back to the smaller number - you should get the original number.

 

Question. Subtract 24 from 37 (using the column method).
Answer:
T O
3 7
- 2 4
---
1 3

In the ones place: 7 - 4 = 3. In the tens place: 3 - 2 = 1. So the final answer is 13.
In simple words: Write the numbers one on top of the other, lining up the tens and ones. Subtract each column going from right to left - ones first, then tens.

Exam Tip: Always line up the tens and ones correctly. Work from right to left, and remember to write down each result clearly.

 

Question. Solve: 24 - 13 = ___; 54 - 31 = ___; 32 - 12 = ___; 46 - 34 = ___
Answer:
24 - 13 = 11
54 - 31 = 23
32 - 12 = 20
46 - 34 = 12
In simple words: Solve each subtraction by breaking it down into tens and ones, or by counting backwards on a number line.

Exam Tip: Double-check each result by adding the answer back to the number you subtracted - you should get the starting number.

 

Question. Shikha has Rs 82. She bought pencils for Rs 22. How much money is she left with?
Answer: Shikha has Rs 82. She bought pencils for Rs 22. To find how much money remains, we subtract: 82 - 22 = 60. She is left with Rs 60.
In simple words: Shikha starts with 82 rupees. She spends 22 rupees on pencils. The money left is 60 rupees.

Exam Tip: For money word problems, always identify what the person starts with and what is taken away, then subtract to find what is left.

 

Question. Ruby has Rs 60. She bought a notebook for Rs 20. How much money is she left with?
Answer: Ruby starts with Rs 60. She buys a notebook costing Rs 20. By subtracting the cost from her total money, we get: 60 - 20 = 40. Ruby has Rs 40 remaining.
In simple words: Ruby has 60 rupees and spends 20 rupees on a notebook. She has 40 rupees left.

Exam Tip: Write out the subtraction clearly using the rupee symbol (Rs) and show each step so your working is easy to follow.

 

Question. Now, Jyoti has 28 flowers in all. She gives 5 to her friend. Help Jyoti to find out how many flowers is she left with?
Answer: Jyoti has 28 flowers altogether. When she gives 5 flowers to her friend, we must find how many remain. Working this out: 28 - 5 = 23. Jyoti is left with 23 flowers.
In simple words: Jyoti starts with 28 flowers and gives away 5. The number of flowers left is 23.

Exam Tip: Use the number line or block method shown in the question to make the subtraction clearer. This helps you avoid making careless mistakes.

 

Question. Jyoti has 73 flowers in all. She gives 47 to her mother. How many flowers is she left with?
Answer:

Jyoti begins with 73 flowers. She gives 47 flowers to her mother. By subtracting, we find: 73 - 47 = 26. Jyoti is left with 26 flowers.
In simple words: Jyoti has 73 flowers. She gives 47 away. She is left with 26 flowers.

Exam Tip: Use a table to organize the "before", "given away", and "left with" amounts - this makes the problem easier to understand and solve.

 

Question. Solve: 45 - 18 = ___; 84 - 37 = ___; 65 - 45 = ___; 27 - 27 = ___; 93 - 48 = ___
Answer:
45 - 18 = 27
84 - 37 = 47
65 - 45 = 20
27 - 27 = 0
93 - 48 = 45
In simple words: For each subtraction, line up the tens and ones and work from right to left. If the ones digit on top is smaller, borrow from the tens.

Exam Tip: When the digit in the ones place of the top number is less than the digit below it, remember to borrow 1 ten (which equals 10 ones) from the tens place.

 

Question. Aman skipped 14 times in the first chance. How many more skips he has to make to complete 20 skips? Also, Avni skipped 12 times in the first chance. How many more skips she has to make to complete 20 skips?
Answer: (A) Aman skipped 14 times and needs to complete 20 skips altogether. The number of extra skips needed is: 20 - 14 = 6. We can verify this: 14 + 6 = 20.

(B) Avni skipped 12 times and must finish 20 skips total. The remaining skips are: 20 - 12 = 8. We can check: 12 + 8 = 20.
In simple words: For Aman: he skipped 14 times, so he needs 6 more skips to reach 20. For Avni: she skipped 12 times, so she needs 8 more skips to reach 20.

Exam Tip: These are "missing number" or "find the addend" problems - after you subtract, always verify by adding the answer back to the original amount.

 

Question. Anushka collected 63 shells. She gave 26 shells to her brother. How many shells are left with her?
Answer: Anushka collected 63 shells in total. She gave 26 shells to her brother. The number of shells remaining is found by: 63 - 26 = 37. Anushka has 37 shells left.
In simple words: Anushka has 63 shells. She gives 26 to her brother. She keeps 37 shells.

Exam Tip: Always write the larger number on top when doing subtraction, and make sure the ones and tens places line up correctly.

 

Question. 54 passengers were sitting in the bus and 16 got down at the bus stand. How many are there in the bus now?
Answer: There were 54 passengers on the bus originally. When 16 passengers got down, the total number still on the bus became: 54 - 16 = 38. There are 38 passengers left in the bus.
In simple words: The bus had 54 people. Sixteen people left. Now there are 38 people on the bus.

Exam Tip: For these kinds of "change" word problems, subtract the number that left from the starting number to get the final count.

 

Question. There were 40 balloons and 13 balloons got burst. How many balloons are left?
Answer: There were 40 balloons in all. Thirteen balloons burst and could not be used. The number of unbroken balloons is: 40 - 13 = 27. There are 27 balloons left.
In simple words: We start with 40 balloons. Thirteen pop. We are left with 27 balloons.

Exam Tip: Read carefully to find what the starting amount is and what was removed, then subtract to find what remains.

 

Question. Kanika made 72 bangles. She sold 36 bangles. How many bangles are left with Kanika now?
Answer: Kanika made a total of 72 bangles. After selling 36 bangles, she kept the rest. To find how many remain: 72 - 36 = 36. Kanika still has 36 bangles.
In simple words: Kanika made 72 bangles and sold 36. She has 36 bangles left with her.

Exam Tip: Notice when "made/produced" or "had" is mentioned first - this is your starting number, then subtract what was sold or given away.

 

Question. 56 birds were sitting on the tree. A few more birds joined them. Now there are 87 birds. Find out the number of birds that came later.
Answer: Initially, 56 birds were perched on the tree. After additional birds joined, the total became 87. To discover how many new birds arrived, we subtract the original count from the new total: 87 - 56 = 31. Thirty-one more birds came to the tree.
In simple words: There were 56 birds first. Then more came. Now there are 87 birds. We find how many came by doing 87 minus 56, which is 31.

Exam Tip: In problems where something is "added" or "joined", use subtraction to find the amount that was added - subtract the "before" amount from the "after" amount.

 

Question. Arman dribbled the ball 18 times. How many more times should he dribble the ball to complete 35 taps?
Answer: Arman dribbled the ball 18 times already. To reach a target of 35 dribbles, he must do more. The additional dribbles needed are: 35 - 18 = 17. Arman should dribble 17 more times.
In simple words: Arman dribbled 18 times. He wants to do 35 times total. He still needs to dribble 17 more times.

Exam Tip: These "how many more" problems are finding the missing addend - after subtracting, add your answer back to the given number to verify you get the total.

 

Question. Fill the missing numbers to complete the fact family.
Answer:

A fact family shows how the same three numbers connect through both addition and subtraction. For the first family (20, 30, 50): adding 20 and 30 gives 50; adding 30 and 20 also gives 50 (order does not matter for addition); subtracting 30 from 50 leaves 20; and subtracting 20 from 50 leaves 30.
In simple words: A fact family uses three numbers in four different addition and subtraction sentences. Once you know two numbers add to make a third, you can write four facts from them.

Exam Tip: To build a fact family, start with two addition facts (showing that order does not affect the sum), then write two subtraction facts by reversing the order of the subtracted and the difference.

 

Question. Addition and Subtraction Pyramid
Answer: An addition pyramid works by adding two adjacent boxes at the bottom to get the box directly above them. For the given pyramids:

Addition Pyramid 1: Starting with 5, 3, 6, 8 at the base: 5 + 3 = 8, 3 + 6 = 9, 6 + 8 = 14 (second row); 8 + 9 = 17, 9 + 14 = 23 (third row); 17 + 23 = 40 (top).

Addition Pyramid 2: Starting with 6, 4, 3, 8 at the base: 6 + 4 = 10, 4 + 3 = 7, 3 + 8 = 11 (second row); 10 + 7 = 17, 7 + 11 = 18 (third row); 17 + 18 = 35 (top).

Subtraction Pyramid 1: Starting with 9, 6, 5, 8 at the base: Working backwards from the top 47, we find each value by subtracting: 47 - 26 = 21 (but we find missing values by working the subtraction rule in reverse where needed). The completed pyramid shows 9, 6, 5, 8 at the base; 15, 11, 13 in the second row; 26, 24 in the third row; and 47 at the top.

Subtraction Pyramid 2: Starting with the base and working up similarly to reach 50 at the top.
In simple words: In an addition pyramid, add two neighboring numbers at the bottom to get the number above them. Keep going up, adding pairs, until you reach the very top. In a subtraction pyramid, find missing numbers by working backwards - if the top is 47 and one lower number is 26, then the other is 47 - 26.

Exam Tip: Work systematically from the bottom up for addition pyramids, and from the top down (or solve with subtraction) for subtraction pyramids. Check each step - every pair should combine correctly to give the box above it.

 

Question. Look at this diagram. Now complete the following diagrams. A. 1 5 ___; 9 ___ 10; ___ 14 ___. B. ___ 10 ___; 9 ___ 13; ___ 12 ___.
Answer:
A. The middle number is found by adding the two outer numbers: 1 + ? = 5 means ? = 4. Also 5 + ? = 10 means ? = 5, and 1 + 4 = 5, 4 + 5 = 9. Wait, looking at the pattern shown: the center is the sum of left and right. So: 1 + 4 = 5; 5 + 5 = 10; 8 + 6 = 14. Missing values: 4 (top center), 5 (middle center), 8 and 6 (bottom).

B. Following the same rule: 6 + 4 = 10 (top center); 10 + 3 = 13 (middle center); 3 + 9 = 12 (bottom). Missing values: 6 and 4 (top), 3 (middle), 3 and 9 (bottom).
In simple words: In each triangle, the middle number at the top comes from adding the left and right numbers at the bottom. Fill in missing numbers using addition or subtraction to make the pattern work.

Exam Tip: Identify the pattern first - whether numbers are being added going up or down the triangle - then use that rule to find all missing values.

 

Question. Hania and Mansi's Gift: Hania and Mansi want to give a gift to their mother. For its decoration, they purchased some ribbons and a gift wrapper. There are Rs 78 in the purse. The cost of a gift wrapper is Rs 24 and the cost of ribbons is Rs 37. A. How much money did they spend? B. How much money is left with them?
Answer: A. Total money spent: The cost of a gift wrapper is Rs 24 and ribbons cost Rs 37. By adding these, they spent: 24 + 37 = 61 rupees in total.

B. Money remaining: They started with Rs 78 in the purse and spent Rs 61. The money left with them is: 78 - 61 = 17 rupees.
In simple words: First, add what they spent on the wrapper and ribbons: 24 + 37 = 61 rupees. Then subtract that from the money they had: 78 - 61 = 17 rupees left.

Exam Tip: For multi-step word problems, first find the total amount spent by adding all costs, then subtract from the starting amount to find what is left.

 

Question. Project Work: Daljeet has solved some questions and written down their answers. What do you think? Are they correct? Verify the answers. Correct it if you find them wrong. Check: 25 + 36 = ___; 37 + 58 = ___; 35 - 17 = ___; 57 - 78 = ___; 30 - 17 = ___
Answer:
25 + 36 = 61 (Daljeet's answer was 511 - incorrect, the correct answer is 61)
37 + 58 = 95 (Daljeet's answer was 131 - incorrect, the correct answer is 95)
35 - 17 = 18 (Daljeet's answer was 22 - incorrect, the correct answer is 18)
57 - 78 = This problem is not correctly stated as written because we cannot subtract a larger number from a smaller one in standard whole number arithmetic. If the question is 78 - 57, then the answer would be 21. Daljeet's answer of 21 would be correct for 78 - 57.
30 - 17 = 13 (Daljeet's answer was 27 - incorrect, the correct answer is 13)
In simple words: Check each problem by working it out carefully. Add or subtract step by step, making sure ones and tens are lined up. When your answer is different from Daljeet's, the correct answer is the one you worked out.

Exam Tip: Always verify arithmetic by working backward - add your subtraction answers to the number subtracted to see if you get the original number, or subtract your sum answers to verify the parts add up correctly.