NCERT Solutions Class 5 Mathematics Mela Chapter 15 Data Through Pictures

Question 1. How many children watch TV for more than half an hour?
Answer: The total count of children is 35. Since 9 children watch for half an hour, the remaining children who watch for more than half an hour = 35 - 9 = 26 children.
In simple words: Take away the 9 children who watch for half an hour from the total 35. You get 26 children who watch for longer.

Exam Tip: Always identify which group you need to exclude - here, those watching exactly half an hour - then subtract from the total.

Question 2. How many children watch TV for less than two hours?
Answer: To find children watching less than two hours, add all who watch half an hour, 1 hour, and 1.5 hours. That is: 9 + 13 + 7 = 29 children.
In simple words: Add up all the children who watch for half an hour, 1 hour, and 1.5 hours. The total is 29 children.

Exam Tip: "Less than two hours" includes all times below two hours - make sure you add all the correct groups.

Question 3. The number of children who watch TV for more than two hours is ________.
Answer: The number of children watching more than two hours is 3.
In simple words: Only 3 children watch TV for more than two hours.

Exam Tip: Look at the table for the "More than 2 hours" row to find the answer directly.

Question 4. More children watch TV for two hours than half an hour. (True/False)
Answer: False. Children watching for half an hour = 9. Children watching for 2 hours = 3. Since 9 is greater than 3, more children watch for half an hour than for 2 hours, making the statement false.
In simple words: 9 children watch for half an hour, but only 3 watch for 2 hours. So more watch for half an hour, not 2 hours. The statement is false.

Exam Tip: Always compare the exact numbers from the table before deciding if a statement is true or false.

Stock-Taking in a Shop

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Question 1. How many toys does Joseph Uncle have?
Answer: The pictograph shows 8 toy icons, and the scale tells us 1 icon = 5 items. Therefore, total toys = 8 × 5 = 40 toys.
In simple words: Count 8 toy pictures. Since each picture means 5 toys, multiply: 8 × 5 = 40 toys.

Exam Tip: Always multiply the number of icons by the scale value given in the pictograph key.

Question 2. How many board games does Joseph Uncle have?
Answer: The pictograph displays 10 board game icons. Using the scale (1 icon = 5 items), total board games = 10 × 5 = 50 board games.
In simple words: There are 10 board game pictures. Each one means 5 games, so 10 × 5 = 50 games.

Exam Tip: Be careful to count the correct icons for each item type - don't mix up the symbols.

Question 3. How many total play items does Joseph Uncle have?
Answer: First, find the sports items: 12 racket icons × 5 = 60 sports items. Now add all three groups: 40 toys + 50 board games + 60 sports items = 150 total play items.
In simple words: Find each type: 40 toys, 50 games, 60 sports things. Add them all: 40 + 50 + 60 = 150 items.

Exam Tip: Calculate each category separately first, then add all the answers together for the total.

Two-wheelers on the Road

Question 1. Which day had the most two-wheelers passing her house?
Answer: The pictograph shows 8 icons for Monday, 4 icons for Wednesday, and 12 icons for Friday. Using the scale (1 icon = 3 two-wheelers): Monday has 24, Wednesday has 12, and Friday has 36 two-wheelers. Friday had the most with 36 two-wheelers passing her house.
In simple words: Count the pictures for each day and multiply by 3. Friday has the most pictures, so it has the most two-wheelers (36).

Exam Tip: Compare the numbers after multiplying by the scale - the largest number shows which day had the most vehicles.

Question 2. How many total two-wheelers did she record over three days?
Answer: Using the scale (1 icon = 3 two-wheelers), we get: Monday = 24, Wednesday = 12, Friday = 36. Total = 24 + 12 + 36 = 72 two-wheelers recorded over the three days.
In simple words: Add up all the two-wheelers from the three days: 24 + 12 + 36 = 72.

Exam Tip: Make sure you include all the days mentioned in your sum.

Question 3. How many fewer two-wheelers were seen on Wednesday than on Monday?
Answer: Monday had 24 two-wheelers and Wednesday had 12 two-wheelers. The difference is 24 - 12 = 12 fewer two-wheelers on Wednesday than on Monday.
In simple words: Monday had 24, Wednesday had 12. Subtract: 24 - 12 = 12 fewer on Wednesday.

Exam Tip: When the question asks "how many fewer," subtract the smaller number from the larger one.

Question 4. How many more two-wheelers were seen on Friday than on Wednesday?
Answer: Friday recorded 36 two-wheelers and Wednesday recorded 12 two-wheelers. The difference is 36 - 12 = 24 more two-wheelers on Friday than on Wednesday.
In simple words: Friday had 36, Wednesday had 12. Subtract: 36 - 12 = 24 more on Friday.

Exam Tip: "How many more" means you need to find the difference by subtracting.

Recording a Day

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Question. How is Sheela's recording different from Raman's recording? Discuss in class. Sheela's way of recording the data is called a bar graph.
Answer: Raman represents his daily routine using small pictures or symbols (icons), where each blue square stands for 1 hour of an activity shown in table format. Sheela chooses a different approach - she uses a bar graph. In a bar graph, she displays the number of hours for each activity as vertical bars. The height of each bar tells you how many hours were spent on that particular activity.
In simple words: Raman uses small boxes in a table. Sheela uses tall or short bars to show time. Taller bars mean more hours.

Exam Tip: Pictographs use symbols; bar graphs use bars of different heights - both show the same information in different ways.

Question 1. Whose daily routine shows more time spent on sleeping?
Answer: Raman sleeps for 9 hours, while Sheela sleeps for 8 hours. Therefore, Raman spent more time on sleeping than Sheela.
In simple words: Raman sleeps 9 hours, Sheela sleeps 8 hours. Raman sleeps longer.

Exam Tip: Always read the exact values from the table or graph before comparing.

Question 2. Who spends more hours in the school?
Answer: Raman spends 6 hours in school, while Sheela spends 7 hours. Consequently, Sheela spends more time in school than Raman.
In simple words: Raman is at school 6 hours, Sheela is at school 7 hours. Sheela spends more time there.

Exam Tip: Compare the values for the same activity across the two people carefully.

Question 3. How many more hours does Sheela spend studying compared to Raman?
Answer: Raman studies for 2 hours, and Sheela studies for 4 hours. The extra hours Sheela spends studying = 4 - 2 = 2 hours more than Raman.
In simple words: Raman studies 2 hours, Sheela studies 4 hours. Sheela studies 2 more hours.

Exam Tip: Subtract to find the difference between two values.

Question 4. Is there any activity on which they spend the same amount of time? If yes, name the activity.
Answer: No, there is no activity on which they spend the same amount of time. Each activity has a different number of hours between Raman's and Sheela's routines.
In simple words: Look at each activity - they always have different hours for each one. Nothing matches.

Exam Tip: Check all activities carefully by comparing the hours side by side.

Question 5. Based on their data, whose routine do you think is more balanced? Why?
Answer: Sheela's routine appears more balanced. She spreads her time fairly evenly across different activities. Raman's routine is heavily focused on sleeping, leaving much less time available for studying and other activities compared to what would be considered a healthier balance.
In simple words: Sheela does many different things with her time. Raman sleeps a lot and doesn't have much time for studying or play. Sheela's routine is better balanced.

Exam Tip: A balanced routine has roughly equal time for sleep, school, study, eating, and play - observe which person comes closer to this.

Day in My Life

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Question. Record your daily routine (24 hours) in hours and minutes, as necessary. Note the time spent on activities like sleeping, studying, playing, eating, and others. Make a bar graph of the time you spend on different activities in the space given below.
Answer: This is an activity-based question where you record your own daily schedule. Below is a sample answer based on a typical student's day:

Activities and hours:
- Sleeping: 7 hours
- Time in school: 7 hours
- Studying: 4 hours
- Eating: 1 hour
- Watching TV: 2 hours
- Playing outdoors: 3 hours

A bar graph should be drawn with "Activities" on the horizontal axis and "Number of Hours" on the vertical axis (ranging from 0 to 9). Vertical bars should be drawn for each activity, with the height of each bar matching the hours listed. For example, sleeping and school would have bars reaching to 7, studying would reach to 4, and so on.
In simple words: Write down how many hours you spend on sleeping, school, studying, eating, watching TV, and playing. Then draw bars showing these hours - taller bars for more hours, shorter bars for fewer hours.

Exam Tip: Make sure your total hours add up to 24. Label both axes clearly and make bars of equal width.

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Question. Whose index finger is the longest? The length of the longest index finger is _______ cm. The smallest index finger is _______ cm long. It belongs to _______.
Answer: Joseph's index finger is the longest one at 7 cm. The smallest index finger measures 5.5 cm in length and belongs to Rahul (my best friend).
In simple words: Joseph has the longest finger at 7 cm. Rahul has the shortest at 5.5 cm.

Exam Tip: Read the bar graph carefully - look at the top of each bar to find the exact measurement.

Food Wastage in the School Canteen

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Question. Rani was shocked to see the data. What do you think about food wastage? How can we reduce the wastage of food?
Answer: The data reveals a serious problem: 30 kg of food wasted over just one week could have fed 90 children instead. This shows how much food is being lost unnecessarily. To reduce food wastage, we can take several steps: serve smaller portions at first and let children ask for more if needed, ask children what foods they like to eat, make less popular dishes taste better and look nicer, teach children why wasting food is wrong, and plan meals based on what children actually prefer to eat.
In simple words: Wasting food is bad because hungry children could have eaten it. We can give smaller helpings first, ask kids what they like, and teach them not to waste.

Exam Tip: Suggest practical, actionable steps that address the root cause of wastage - children's preferences and portion sizes.

Question. What can we do with the leftover food?
Answer: There are several thoughtful ways to handle leftover food: give it to local shelters or food banks that help needy families, create compost from vegetable scraps to use in school gardens, share extra food with community members in need, and use leftovers creatively in future meals if food safety rules allow it.
In simple words: Give leftover food to poor people, make garden soil from scraps, or use it again in tomorrow's meals.

Exam Tip: Focus on sustainable solutions that help both the community and the environment.

Question 1. Which food item had the highest amount of wastage?
Answer: Looking at the bar graph, Khichdi (served on Wednesday) shows the tallest bar at 8 kg, making it the food item with the highest amount of wastage.
In simple words: The tallest bar on the graph is Khichdi at 8 kg. That's the most wasted food.

Exam Tip: Find the highest bar on the graph - its height tells you the largest wastage amount.

Question 2. Which food item had the least amount of wastage?
Answer: The bar graph shows that Idli-Sambar (served on Friday) has the shortest bar at 4 kg, indicating it was the least wasted food item.
In simple words: The shortest bar is Idli-Sambar at 4 kg. That's the least wasted food.

Exam Tip: The shortest bar represents the smallest wastage amount.

Question 3. How much total food wastage was recorded in these days?
Answer: To find the total, add the wastage for each day: Sandwich (Monday) = 5 kg, Paratha (Tuesday) = 6 kg, Khichdi (Wednesday) = 8 kg, Puri-Sabzi (Thursday) = 7 kg, and Idli-Sambar (Friday) = 4 kg. Total food wastage = 5 + 6 + 8 + 7 + 4 = 30 kg.
In simple words: Add up all the wastage: 5 + 6 + 8 + 7 + 4 = 30 kg wasted in total.

Exam Tip: Read each bar value carefully and add all of them together for the total.

Question 4. If 1 kg of food waste can feed 3 children, how many children could have been fed with the total food wasted?
Answer: Since the total food wastage is 30 kg, and 1 kg can feed 3 children, the number of children who could have been fed = 30 × 3 = 90 children.
In simple words: 30 kg wasted times 3 children per kg = 90 children could have eaten that food.

Exam Tip: Multiply the total wastage by the number of children per kg to find how many children could have been fed.

Question 5. _______ day had less food wastage than _______ day.
Answer: Friday had less food wastage than Monday (or any other day with higher wastage). Friday's wastage was 4 kg, while Monday's was 5 kg.
In simple words: Friday (4 kg) wasted less food than Monday (5 kg). You can also compare Friday with Wednesday, Thursday, or Tuesday.

Exam Tip: Compare any two bars where one is shorter than the other - the shorter bar represents the day with less wastage.

Question 6. If the same food items are to be repeated next week, can you predict which food item is likely to be wasted the most?
Answer: Based on this week's data, Khichdi is likely to be wasted the most next week. Khichdi had the highest wastage (8 kg) this week, which shows that children may prefer other food items and are less likely to eat Khichdi. This pattern tends to repeat if the same foods are served again.
In simple words: Khichdi had the most waste (8 kg). Kids probably don't like it very much. If you serve it next week, it will likely be wasted the most again.

Exam Tip: Look for patterns in the data - what was wasted most this week will likely be wasted most again if it's repeated.

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True or False

Question. Observe the above picture carefully. Based on your observation, find out which of the following statements are true or false. (i) All girls are wearing glasses. (ii) 10 children are wearing caps on their heads. (iii) More boys are holding books than girls. (iv) More than half of the children are wearing glasses. (v) The number of children holding books is greater than the number of children wearing caps. (vi) The number of boys wearing glasses is greater than the number of girls wearing glasses. (vii) Some children are wearing both glasses and caps. (viii) There is no child who has all three items - a cap, a book and a backpack.
Answer:
(i) All girls are wearing glasses - False. When you look at the picture, not every girl has glasses on.

(ii) 10 children are wearing caps on their heads - True. Counting all the children in hats, you get exactly 10.

(iii) More boys are holding books than girls - False. If you count carefully, more girls are holding books than boys are.

(iv) More than half of the children are wearing glasses - False. Only a small portion of the group wears glasses, which is less than half.

(v) The number of children holding books is greater than the number of children wearing caps - True. More children are carrying books than wearing caps.

(vi) The number of boys wearing glasses is greater than the number of girls wearing glasses - False. Girls wearing glasses outnumber boys wearing glasses in the picture.

(vii) Some children are wearing both glasses and caps - True. You can see a few children who have both items at the same time.

(viii) There is no child who has all three items - a cap, a book and a backpack - False. Looking carefully, there is at least one child who has all three items together.
In simple words: Look very carefully at the picture and count each item for boys and girls separately. Then check each sentence against what you see to decide if it's true or false.

Exam Tip: For True/False picture questions, count each object carefully and check every person. One mistake in counting changes your whole answer.