Maharashtra Board Class 9 Maths Part 2 Geometry Chapter 4 Set 4 Constructions of Triangles Solutions

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Question 1. Construct ΔXYZ, such that XY + XZ = 10.3 cm, YZ = 4.9 cm, ∠XYZ = 45°.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में त्रिभुज XYZ की रचना के लिए एक कच्ची आकृति दर्शाई गई है। इसमें आधार YZ 4.9 सेमी है, कोण Y 45° है, और एक किरण YT पर बिंदु W इस प्रकार लिया गया है कि YW की लंबाई 10.3 सेमी है। बिंदु X को WZ के लंब समद्विभाजक और किरण YT के प्रतिच्छेदन बिंदु के रूप में दिखाया गया है। Rough figure As shown in the rough figure draw seg YZ = 4.9 cm Draw a ray YT making an angle of 45° with YZ Take a point W on ray YT, such that YW= 10.3 cm Now, YX + XW = YW [Y-X-W]
\( \therefore \) YX + XW=10.3 cm .....(i) Also, XY + XZ = 10.3 cm ......(ii) [Given]
\( \therefore \) YX + XW = XY + XZ [From (i) and (ii)]
\( \therefore \) XW = XZ
\( \therefore \) Point X is on the perpendicular bisector of seg WZ
\( \therefore \) The point of intersection of ray YT and perpendicular bisector of seg WZ is point X. Steps of construction:
(i) Draw seg YZ of length 4.9 cm.
(ii) Draw ray YT, such that ∠ZYT = 45°.
(iii) Mark point W on ray YT such that l(YW) = 10.3 cm.
(iv) Join points W and Z.
(v) Draw perpendicular bisector of seg WZ intersecting ray YT. Name the point as X.
(vi) Join the points X and Z.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आकृति त्रिभुज XYZ की पूर्ण रचना को दर्शाती है। इसमें आधार YZ 4.9 सेमी है, कोण Y 45° है, और किरण YT पर Y से 10.3 सेमी की दूरी पर बिंदु W स्थित है। WZ का लंब समद्विभाजक किरण YT को बिंदु X पर काटता है, और फिर X को Z से जोड़ा गया है, जिससे वांछित त्रिभुज XYZ बनता है। Hence, ΔXYZ is the required triangle. In simple words: To construct ΔXYZ, first draw the base YZ and the given angle at Y. Mark a point W on the ray such that YW equals the sum of the other two sides (XY+XZ). Then, draw the perpendicular bisector of WZ; its intersection with the ray gives point X, completing the triangle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure precise angle measurement and accurate drawing of the perpendicular bisector, as these steps are critical for the correct construction of the triangle.

 

Question 2. Construct ΔABC, in which ∠B = 70°, ∠C = 60°, AB + BC + AC = 11.2 cm.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में त्रिभुज ABC की रचना के लिए एक कच्ची आकृति दिखाई गई है। इसमें एक रेखाखंड DE है जिस पर बिंदु B और C स्थित हैं। D पर 35° और E पर 30° का कोण बनाते हुए किरणें खींची गई हैं जो बिंदु A पर मिलती हैं। साथ ही, BD = AB और CE = AC को दर्शाया गया है, और बिंदु B पर 70° और C पर 60° के कोण भी इंगित हैं। Rough figure
(i) As shown in the figure, take point D and E on line BC, such that BD = AB and CE = AC ......(i) BD + BC + CE = DE [D-B-C, B-C-E]
\( \therefore \) AB + BC + AC = DE .....(ii) Also, AB + BC + AC= 11.2 cm ....(iii) [Given]
\( \therefore \) DE = 11.2 cm [From (ii) and (iii)]
(ii) In ΔADB AB = BD [From (i)]
\( \therefore \) ∠BAD = ∠BDA = x° ....(iv) [Isosceles triangle theorem] In ∆ABD, ∠ABC is the exterior angle.
\( \therefore \) ∠BAD + ∠BDA = ∠ABC [Remote interior angles theorem] x + x = 70° [From (iv)]
\( \therefore \) 2x = 70°
\( \implies \) x = 35°
\( \therefore \) ∠ADB = 35°
\( \therefore \) ∠D = 35° Similarly, ∠E = 30°
(iii) Now, in ΔADE ∠D = 35°, ∠E = 30° and DE = 11.2 cm Hence, ΔADE can be drawn.
(iv) Since, AB = BD
\( \therefore \) Point B lies on perpendicular bisector of seg AD. Also AC = CE
\( \therefore \) Point C lies on perpendicular bisector of seg AE.
\( \therefore \) Points B and C can be located by drawing the perpendicular bisector of AD and AE respectively.
\( \therefore \) ΔABC can be drawn. Steps of construction:
(i) Draw seg DE of length 11.2 cm.
(ii) From point D draw ray making angle of 35°.
(iii) From point E draw ray making angle of 30°.
(iv) Name the point of intersection of two rays as A.
(v) Draw the perpendicular bisector of seg DA and seg EA intersecting seg DE in B and C respectively.
(vi) Join AB and AC.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आकृति त्रिभुज ABC की पूर्ण रचना को दर्शाती है। इसमें DE एक आधार रेखाखंड है जिसकी लंबाई 11.2 सेमी है। बिंदु D और E से क्रमशः 35° और 30° के कोण पर किरणें खींची गई हैं जो बिंदु A पर प्रतिच्छेद करती हैं। AD और AE के लंब समद्विभाजक खींचे गए हैं जो रेखाखंड DE को क्रमशः बिंदु B और C पर काटते हैं, जिससे वांछित त्रिभुज ABC बनता है। Hence, ΔABC is the required triangle. In simple words: To construct ΔABC with a given perimeter and two angles, first draw a segment DE equal to the perimeter. Then, construct base angles at D and E (which are half of ∠B and ∠C respectively), meeting at A. Finally, draw perpendicular bisectors of AD and AE to find points B and C on DE, thus forming ΔABC.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to calculate the base angles (∠D and ∠E) as half of the given angles (∠B and ∠C) respectively, as this is a common step for perimeter-based triangle constructions.

 

Question 3. The perimeter of a triangle is 14.4 cm and the ratio of lengths of its side is 2 : 3 : 4. Construct the triangle.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में त्रिभुज ABC की रचना के लिए एक कच्ची आकृति दिखाई गई है। इसमें त्रिभुज की भुजाओं की लंबाईयां दर्शाई गई हैं: AB = 3.2 सेमी, AC = 4.8 सेमी और BC = 6.4 सेमी। ये मान त्रिभुज की परिधि और भुजाओं के दिए गए अनुपात से प्राप्त किए गए हैं। Rough figure Let the common multiple be x
\( \therefore \) In ΔABC, AB = 2x cm, AC = 3x cm, BC = 4x cm Perimeter of triangle = 14.4 cm
\( \therefore \) AB + BC + AC= 14.4
\( \therefore \) 9x = 14.4
\( \therefore \) x = \( \frac{14.4}{9} \)
\( \therefore \) x = 1.6
\( \therefore \) AB = 2x = 2 \( \times \) 1.6 = 3.2 cm
\( \therefore \) AC = 3x = 3 \( \times \) 1.6 = 4.8 cm
\( \therefore \) BC = 4x = 4 \( \times \) 1.6 = 6.4 cm
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आकृति त्रिभुज ABC की पूर्ण रचना को दर्शाती है। इसमें AB 3.2 सेमी, AC 4.8 सेमी और BC 6.4 सेमी की भुजाओं वाला एक त्रिभुज बनाया गया है। यह त्रिभुज दी गई परिधि और भुजाओं के अनुपात के अनुसार निर्मित किया गया है। In simple words: To construct a triangle with a given perimeter and side ratio, first calculate the actual lengths of the sides using the given ratio and perimeter. Once the side lengths are known, construct the triangle using the standard SSS (Side-Side-Side) construction method.

🎯 Exam Tip: The primary step in such problems is to correctly determine the actual lengths of the sides using the given ratio and perimeter. Any error in this calculation will lead to an incorrect construction.

 

Question 4. Construct ΔPQR, in which PQ – PR = 2.4 cm, QR = 6.4 cm and ∠PQR = 55°.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में त्रिभुज PQR की रचना के लिए एक कच्ची आकृति दर्शाई गई है। इसमें आधार QR 6.4 सेमी है, बिंदु Q पर 55° का कोण बनाते हुए एक किरण QT खींची गई है, और किरण QT पर बिंदु S इस प्रकार है कि QS 2.4 सेमी है। SR का लंब समद्विभाजक भी दिखाया गया है, जिस पर बिंदु P स्थित है। Rough figure Here, PQ – PR = 2.4 cm
\( \therefore \) PQ > PR As shown in the rough figure draw seg QR = 6.4 cm Draw a ray QT making on angle of 55° with QR Take a point S on ray QT, such that QS = 2.4 cm. Now, PQ – PS = QS [Q-S-P]
\( \therefore \) PQ – PS = 2.4 cm ...(i) Also, PQ – PR = 2.4 cm ....(ii) [Given]
\( \therefore \) PQ – PS = PQ – PR [From (i) and (ii)]
\( \therefore \) PS = PR
\( \therefore \) Point P is on the perpendicular bisector of seg RS
\( \therefore \) Point P is the intersection of ray QT and the perpendicular bisector of seg RS Steps of construction:
(i) Draw seg QR of length 6.4 cm.
(ii) Draw ray QT, such that ∠RQT = 55°.
(iii) Take point S on ray QT such that l(QS) = 2.4 cm.
(iv) Join the points S and R.
(v) Draw perpendicular bisector of seg SR intersecting ray QT. Name that point as P.
(vi) Join the points P and R.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आकृति त्रिभुज PQR की पूर्ण रचना को दर्शाती है। इसमें आधार QR 6.4 सेमी है, बिंदु Q पर 55° का कोण बनाते हुए एक किरण QT खींची गई है, और किरण QT पर Q से 2.4 सेमी की दूरी पर बिंदु S स्थित है। रेखाखंड SR का लंब समद्विभाजक खींचा गया है जो किरण QT को बिंदु P पर काटता है, और फिर P को R से जोड़ा गया है, जिससे वांछित त्रिभुज PQR बनता है। Hence, ΔPQR is the required triangle. In simple words: To construct ΔPQR with a given base, one angle, and the difference of the other two sides, first draw the base QR and the given angle at Q. Mark a point S on the ray such that QS equals the given difference (PQ-PR). Then, draw the perpendicular bisector of SR; its intersection with the ray gives point P, which completes the triangle.

🎯 Exam Tip: For constructions involving the difference of two sides (PQ-PR), always mark the difference on the ray extended from the vertex of the given angle, and remember that point P lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment connecting this marked point (S) to the other endpoint of the base (R).

Free MSBSHSE Textbook Explanations: Class 9 Maths Chapter 04 Set 4 Constructions of Triangles

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