Maharashtra Board Class 9 English Poem Great Scientists 3.5 Solutions

Warming Up:

Chit-Chat

1. What would you like to learn about in your Science period?
2. Have you ever tried to do an experiment on your own?
If yes, tell me about it.

If no, tell me why you've never tried.
3. What would you like to learn about in your English classes?

Inventions

Question (a) Think of as many examples of the following as you can and write them in the appropriate column:

Type of machine	Examples
Simple machines that are operated by hand
Machines that run on electricity
Electronic devices

Answer:

Type of machine	Examples
Simple machines that are operated by hand	Screwdriver, pincers, auger chisel, drill machine, spanner, etc.
Machines that run on electricity	electric motor, fan, air conditioner, hair drier, geyser, mixer, oven, etc.
Electronic devices	Mobile phones, tablets, laptops, computer, speakers, etc.

In simple words: This activity asks students to categorize different types of machines and devices based on their operation, providing examples for each category. It helps in understanding basic classifications of tools and technology.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to classify or give examples, ensure a clear distinction between categories. Providing a diverse range of examples for each type shows comprehensive understanding.

 

Question (b) Write as many uses of the following as you can:
(a) A cloth bag
(b) a wicker basket
(c) a glass bottle or jar
(d) a steel bowl
(e) a thick string or rope
Answer:
(a) a cloth bag: to carry things, for keeping clothes, shopping, using instead of paper bags, etc.
(b) a wicker basket: for keeping fruits, grains, carrying and selling vegetables, fruits, fish, etc.
(c) a glass bottle or jar: for keeping jam, liquids, juice, pickles, water for drinking, for medicine, kerosene, storing liquids, etc.
(d) a steel bowl: to keep eatables while eating, for drinking medicine, while serving curry, dal, shrikhand, aamras, etc.
(e) a thick string or rope: to tie things, to play, to hold things together, used in adventure sports like trekking, mountaineering, etc., to tether cattle.
In simple words: This question assesses your ability to think about the practical applications and multiple uses of common household items and tools. It encourages observation of everyday objects.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions asking for 'as many uses as you can', try to think broadly about different contexts (home, work, recreation) where the item might be used. Aim for at least 3-4 distinct uses.

 

English Workshop:

1. Write what is implied in the following sentence:

Question (a) But few know his inspirational life story, which is all about courage and fighting against the odds. (What does it tell you about Faraday's life?)
Answer: Faraday was born in a poverty-stricken family, suffered from a speech defect as a child, had to start working at the age of thirteen. Poor Faraday had to struggle hard against all odds because he had no social status, no money and no education. Even then he toiled hard and achieved a great success after all his difficulties.
In simple words: This sentence highlights Michael Faraday's humble beginnings and the significant challenges he overcame, emphasizing his resilience and determination to succeed despite a lack of resources and social standing.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing implied meanings, look for keywords like "inspirational," "courage," and "fighting against the odds" to understand the depth of the character's struggle and achievement.

 

Question (b) Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday: (Choose the correct question tag.)
1. didn't he?
2. have he?
3. does he?
4. did he?
Answer: (4) did he? Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday, did he?
In simple words: This question tests your knowledge of English grammar, specifically the correct formation of question tags. The negative main clause "Davy did not have" requires a positive question tag.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a question tag's polarity (positive/negative) is opposite to that of the main statement. The auxiliary verb in the tag should match the tense of the main verb.

 

Question (c) People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself. (What does it suggest about Davy's work?)
Answer:
In simple words: This statement suggests that while Davy had many significant scientific discoveries, his greatest contribution, perhaps unknowingly, was recognizing and fostering the talent of Michael Faraday, who went on to make even more profound scientific advancements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for irony or deeper implications in such statements. Here, it implies that Davy's legacy was enhanced not just by his own work, but by the genius he nurtured.

 

2. Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section:

Question 1. Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section:
Answer:
1. Passage: Michael Faraday is regarded as ......... produce the first consistent light bulb.
Title: Faraday's childhood and his work as a bookbinder.
2. Passage: That day in 1812 Faraday ......... to see some Davy's leading experiments.
Title: Faraday's association with Davy.
3. Passage: Even then Davy did not have much ......... born out of mockery directed at Faraday.
Title: Faraday discovered the 'induction motor'
4. Passage: Faraday became a celebrity scientist ......... inspire him during difficult times.
Title: Davy's jealousy and Faraday's failure!
5. Passage: In 1829, Davy died and Faraday concept called polarization.
Title: 1. Faraday becomes head of Davy's laboratory.
2. Finds concept of polarization.
6. Passage: He then took the age-old experiment ......... 'It does not matter who you are'.
Title:
1. Fortune favours Faraday!
2. Association with Maxwell and Maxwell's equations creates revolution!
In simple words: This task requires you to divide a larger text into logical, smaller sections and assign appropriate titles to each section, summarizing the main idea or event covered. It helps in structuring information effectively.

🎯 Exam Tip: When creating sub-headings, ensure they are concise and accurately reflect the content of their respective sections. Focus on the main topic or turning point within each passage segment.

 

3. List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about at least 3 of them, using the internet:

Question 1. List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about at least 3 of them, using the internet:
Answer: Gadgets and instruments from the lesson:
fans, air conditioning, sewing machines, photographs, power tools, cars, telescopes, microscopes, electrical generators, dynamos, Electronics and communication system, etc.
In simple words: This question asks you to identify all technological devices and tools mentioned in the provided text and then research three of them to gather additional information.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read the passage carefully to identify all named gadgets and instruments. For the research part, focus on key facts like invention, working principle, and impact, presenting them clearly and concisely.

 

4. Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the Internet.

Question 1. Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the Internet.
1. Michael Faraday
2. Humphry Davy
3. Thomas Edison
4. James Maxwell:
(Students do this on their own using the Internet.)
In simple words: This is a research-based activity where you need to use the internet to find more information about the listed scientists, focusing on their contributions and biographies.

🎯 Exam Tip: When researching scientists, focus on their major discoveries, their area of study, their birth/death dates, and any significant challenges or unique aspects of their lives. Present findings in bullet points for clarity.

 

Language Study:

5. Find the following matter in the passage and copy the missing words:

Question 1. Find the following matter in the passage and copy the missing words:
(Answers are directly underlined.)
(a) When he was twelve, ................................ school ................................
(b) One day he came across a book on ................................
(c) Faraday decided that ................................ scientist
(d) Davy never believed ................................ science ................................
(e) People started telling Davy that ................................ discoveries, ................................
(f) He handed him a piece of Bavarian glass, which ................................ microscopes, ................................
(g) He went on to prove that ................................ filings;
(h) It was Maxwell who ................................ equations
Answer:
(a) When he was twelve, his mother was forced to take him out of school.
(b) One day he came across a book on electricity which had been sent to his master for binding.
(c) Faraday decided that day that he wanted to be a great scientist.
(d) Davy never believed Faraday could do anything in the field of science.
(e) People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself, this made him even more jealous.
(f) He handed him a piece of Bavarian glass, which was used in the lenses in telescopes and microscopes, and asked him to reverse engineer it.
(g) He went on to prove that these patterns were not a property of the iron filings.
(h) It was Maxwell who translated Faraday's idea into a set of equations that are now called Maxwell's equations.
In simple words: This activity requires you to complete sentences by finding the exact missing words from the passage, testing your comprehension and attention to detail.

🎯 Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blanks questions, always refer back to the original text to ensure verbatim accuracy. Pay close attention to context and grammar to select the correct words.

 

6. Now Complete the following sentences using your own words/phrases:

Question 1. Now Complete the following sentences using your own words/phrases:
(Answers are directly given.)
(a) When he was twelve, ................................
(b) One day he came across a book on ................................
(c) He decided that ................................
(d) He never believed ................................
(e) People started telling that ................................
(f) He handed him which ................................
(g) He went on to prove that ................................
(h) It was ................................ who ................................
Answer:
(a) When he was twelve, he took lessons in martial arts.
(b) One day he came across a book on 'How to make friends'.
In simple words: This task requires you to complete given sentence beginnings using your own words or phrases, demonstrating your ability to construct grammatically correct and meaningful sentences.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing sentences, ensure your additions are contextually relevant, grammatically sound, and reflect the information or themes discussed in the broader text, if applicable.

 

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 3.5 Great Scientists Additional Important Questions And Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1. State if the following statements are True or False : (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. Faraday's work on electricity is still a subject of study. – True
2. Faraday as a child, had a speech defect. – True
3. Faraday disliked reading. – False
4. The first consistent light bulb was produced by Davy. – False
In simple words: This question tests your factual understanding of the passage by asking you to identify whether given statements about Faraday's life and scientific contributions are true or false.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read each statement and compare it with the information provided in the passage. Even small details can determine if a statement is true or false.

 

Question 2. What is the passage about?
Answer: The passage is about the great scientists and their qualities.
In simple words: This question asks for the main topic or central theme of the provided text.

🎯 Exam Tip: To find the main idea, ask yourself: "What is the author trying to convey?" or "What subject is discussed most frequently?"

 

Question 3. Complete the following statements by giving reasons: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. Faraday forgot to applaud with the rest of the crowd because he was fully engrossed in Davy's lecture.
2. Faraday didn't just want to sell books because he wanted to be a great scientist.
3. Davy decided to hire Faraday as his secretary because a chemical explosion had temporarily blinded Davy.
4. Davy promoted Faraday to his lab assistant because Faraday worked day and night and learnt a lot about Davy's experiments.
In simple words: This question requires you to complete statements by providing the specific reasons or causes for the events described, based on the information in the passage.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for reasons, look for "because," "as," "due to," or cause-and-effect relationships in the text. Ensure your reason directly explains the action or event.

 

Question 4. What was the subject of Davy's lecture?
Answer: Davy's lecture was about the mysterious force of electric fluid.
In simple words: This question asks you to recall the specific topic that Humphry Davy was lecturing about.

🎯 Exam Tip: Factual recall questions like this require you to pinpoint exact information from the text. Always double-check names and specific details.

 

Question 5. Complete the sentences using the information given in the passage:
(Answers are directly given.)
1. The induction motor spurred a revolution.
2. Davy and William Wollaston were trying to re-create a famous electromagnetism experiment.
Answer:
In simple words: This task involves finishing incomplete sentences by integrating precise details found within the provided passage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure your completed sentences flow grammatically and accurately reflect the information and context from the original passage without introducing outside ideas.

 

Complex Factual Activity:

Question 1. What were the odds against Faraday in his childhood?
Answer: Faraday faced many odds as a child. He was born in a very poor family and lived in a dirty London Suburb. He suffered from a speech defect, so much that other children laughed on his pronounces. At the age of twelve he was forced to leave his school and it was the end of his formal education. At the age of thirteen he had to take up working as a bookbinder for living.
In simple words: This question asks you to list the various disadvantages and difficulties Michael Faraday faced during his early life.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about challenges or odds, list all relevant points chronologically or by category (e.g., poverty, health, education) to provide a complete picture.

 

Question 2. What actions and thoughts of Faraday show that he was inspired by Davy?
Answer: Faraday took notes of Davy's lecture on 'mysterious force of electric fluid's comprehensively. He bound them into a book for giving a gift to Davy someday. From that day he thought of becoming a great scientist and to write his own books. Davy became his role model. He wanted Davy to become his mentor. Though, Davy did not agree, Faraday was not unhappy and disappointed and just kept trying to get his favour.
In simple words: This question asks you to identify specific instances and motivations from Faraday's life that demonstrate his admiration and inspiration from Humphry Davy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to provide evidence from the text, cite specific actions, behaviors, or internal thoughts that directly support your point, as done here with note-taking and viewing Davy as a role model.

 

Question 3. Was Davy fair in his treatment of Faraday? How did Faraday respond to that treatment?
Answer: Davy definitely was not fair in his treatment of Faraday. But Faraday was not deterred and was relentless. He continued working hard day and night to learn as much as he could about Davy's experiments. Though his work was cleaning the labs, Faraday considered himself lucky to get to see some of Davy's experiments.
In simple words: This question examines the mentor-mentee relationship between Davy and Faraday, asking you to evaluate Davy's fairness and describe Faraday's reaction to it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Address both parts of the question directly. First, state your opinion on Davy's fairness with supporting details, then describe Faraday's response, highlighting his resilience.

 

Question 4. What happens when an electric current is applied to a wire?
Answer: When an electric current is applied to a wire, it causes that wire to behave like a magnet and the forces are connected.
In simple words: This question asks you to describe the basic phenomenon that occurs when an electric current passes through a wire.

🎯 Exam Tip: For scientific questions, use precise terminology. Here, the key concept is the creation of a magnetic field, which leads to magnetic behavior and interconnected forces.

 

Question 5. An induction motor is a commonly used electrical machine. What examples of its use are given here?
Answer: The induction motor is used in fans, air conditioning, sewing machines, photographs, power tools, cars and even trains and aeroplane engines.
In simple words: This question requires you to identify the various applications or devices where induction motors are utilized, as mentioned in the text.

🎯 Exam Tip: List all examples provided in the text to ensure a complete answer. Categorizing the uses (household, industrial, transport) can also be helpful.

 

Give one example each to show that -

Question (a) Faraday was a good pupil.
Answer: Faraday respected Davy though he was jealous of Faraday. Davy gave him an impossible task to reverse engineer the Bavarian glass but Faraday accepted the assignment despite knowing that it would be very difficult. This shows that Faraday was a good pupil.
In simple words: This question asks for an example that illustrates Michael Faraday's qualities as a diligent and respectful student, particularly in his interactions with Humphry Davy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a specific anecdote or action from the text that clearly demonstrates the characteristic being asked about. Faraday's acceptance of a difficult task is a strong example here.

 

Question (b) Davy was not a good mentor.
Answer: Davy was jealous of his pupil's achievement and never helped him in his difficulties. He gave Faraday an impossible task to keep him out of his way. He knew that with the equipment available in the lab, Faraday would never be able to accomplish the task. He wanted to enjoy his pupil's failure. This shows that Davy was not a good mentor.
In simple words: This question requires you to give an example from the text that demonstrates Humphry Davy's shortcomings as a mentor to Michael Faraday.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on actions that show a lack of support, jealousy, or an attempt to hinder progress, such as giving an "impossible task" with negative intentions.

 

Question 1. Why did Faraday keep a souvenir of his failure as a source of inspiration?
Answer: Faraday kept a single glass brick on his shelf as a souvenir to remind himself of those difficult days. He wanted to remember his failure and the hard work he had done during those difficult days. He believed that it would inspire him in such difficult days.
In simple words: Faraday kept a failed experiment as a reminder of past struggles and hard work, believing it would serve as motivation and inspiration during future challenging times.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing a character's motivations, look for their internal thoughts or beliefs as described in the text. Here, Faraday's desire for self-remembrance and inspiration is key.

 

Activities Based On Vocabulary:

What is the meaning of the following sentences:

Question (a) Reading became his obsession.
Answer: Faraday's mind was completely filled with thoughts of reading and he did not think of anything else other than reading.
In simple words: This sentence means that reading completely dominated Faraday's thoughts and interests, making him singularly focused on it.

🎯 Exam Tip: To explain the meaning of a sentence, break it down into key words (e.g., "obsession") and elaborate on their implications in the given context. Use simpler language.

 

Question (b) Electricity became his lifelong fascination.
Answer: Electricity became Faraday's very strong attraction lasting all through his life.
In simple words: This sentence means that Michael Faraday developed an intense and enduring interest in electricity that captivated him for his entire life.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining phrases, ensure your explanation covers both the intensity ("very strong attraction") and the duration ("lifelong" or "all through his life") implied by the original phrase.

 

Question 1. Write two compound words from the passage :
Example: bookbinder.
Answer:
1. poverty-stricken
2. lifelong
In simple words: This question asks you to identify and list two words from the passage that are formed by combining two smaller words.

🎯 Exam Tip: Compound words are often easy to spot, either hyphenated or written as a single word. Scan the text specifically for words that are clearly made of two distinct parts.

 

Question 2. Match the words in Column 'A' with the meaning in Column 'B':

'A'	'B'
1. pursue	(a) a person that you admire and try to follow him/her
2. role model	(b) to continue to do or achieve something
3. mentor	(c) to cheer with claps
4. applaud	(d) an expert who advises and helps less experienced persons

Answer:

'A'	'B'
1. pursue	(b) to continue to do or achieve something
2. role model	(a) a person that you admire and try to follow him/her
3. mentor	(d) an expert who advises and helps less experienced persons
4. applaud	(c) to cheer with claps

In simple words: This exercise tests your vocabulary by asking you to correctly pair words with their definitions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching words, consider all options carefully. If unsure, try to eliminate incorrect pairs first. Understanding the nuances of each word is crucial.

 

Question 3. Write four words from the passage that tell us the state of mind of a person :
Answer:
1. spellbound
2. engrossed
3. dejected
4. relentless.
In simple words: This question requires you to find words within the passage that describe a person's emotional or mental state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Scan the text for adjectives and participles used to describe feelings, reactions, or continuous mental states of characters to identify relevant words.

 

Question 4. Write words using each letter of the following words:
1. about
2. angry
3. thing
4. from.
Answer:
1. ant, ball, odd, use, table.
2. and, not, give, ray, yes.
3. that, high, inn, note, goat.
4. frog, road, ox, mango.
In simple words: This creative task asks you to generate new words using the letters from given words, fostering vocabulary and word recognition skills.

🎯 Exam Tip: For such word puzzles, try to form as many valid words as possible from the letters provided. There may be multiple correct answers, so creativity within the rules is encouraged.

 

Question 5. Choose the correct words from the passage and complete the table:
Answer:

Describing words	The nouns described
1. circular	patterns
2. invisible	magnetic fields
3. formal	education
4. age-old	experiment
5. impossible	tasks
6. empty	space

In simple words: This activity asks you to match adjectives (describing words) from the passage with the nouns they modify, reinforcing your understanding of descriptive language.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing such tables, carefully scan the passage for instances where these describing words appear and identify the noun they are directly associated with. Context is key.

 

Question 6. Find and write the past tense verbs with '-ed' from the passage :
Answer: filled, disturbed, copied, accepted, favoured, translated, combined, helped, designed, started.
In simple words: This task requires you to identify all verbs in the passage that are in the past tense and end with '-ed'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Systematically read through the passage, specifically looking for words ending in '-ed' and confirming they function as verbs in the past tense. Be mindful of irregular verbs or adjectives that also end in '-ed'.

 

Activities Based On Contextual Grammar:

Question 1. Write any four words that begin with 're-' as a prefix;
Answer:
1. rewrite
2. replace
3. replay
4. redirect.
In simple words: This question asks you to list four words that start with the prefix 're-', which often means "again" or "back".

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on common words where 're-' clearly functions as a prefix. Think of verbs that imply repeating an action or going back.

 

Question 2. He dismissed Faraday's aspirations.
(Begin with Faraday's aspiration-and make the sentence of Passive voice.)
Answer: Faraday's aspirations were dismissed by him.
In simple words: This grammar task requires you to convert an active voice sentence into passive voice, starting with the object of the original sentence.

🎯 Exam Tip: To change to passive voice, make the object of the active sentence the new subject, use a form of "to be" + the past participle of the main verb, and optionally add "by [original subject]".

 

Question 3. He forgot to applaud with the rest of the crowd.
(Make the sentence negative without changing the meaning.)
Answer: He did not remember to applaud with the rest of the crowd.
In simple words: This question asks you to rephrase a sentence to make it negative, while ensuring its original meaning remains unchanged.

🎯 Exam Tip: When creating a negative sentence without changing meaning, often you replace a positive verb with its negative counterpart and an antonym (e.g., "forgot" becomes "did not remember").

 

Question 4. Find and write from the passage the adjectives used for the following nouns :
1. force
2. notes
3. explosion
4. memory.
Answer:
1. mysterious force
2. comprehensive notes
3. chemical explosion
4. excellent memory.
In simple words: This task requires you to locate and identify the specific descriptive words (adjectives) used in the passage to modify the given nouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Scan the passage for each noun and identify any adjective placed immediately before it. This ensures you find the exact modifier used in the text.

 

Question 5. He needed an assistant.
(Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part of the sentence as an answer.)
Answer: What did he need?
In simple words: This grammar question asks you to formulate a "Wh-" question where the underlined part of the given sentence (in this case, "an assistant") is the expected answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the type of information the underlined part represents (person, thing, place, time) to choose the correct "Wh-" word (Who, What, Where, When, Why, How). Then, invert the subject and auxiliary verb.

 

Question 6. Use the following phrases in the sentences of your own
1. figure out
2. born out of
3. try one's hand at
4. to spur a revolution
Answer:
1. He couldn't figure out the reason behind his friend's behaviour with him.
2. Every invention is born out of inquisitiveness.
3. Father asked me to try my hand at preparing the food item.
4. Computers have spurred a revolution in this modern world.
In simple words: This task requires you to create your own sentences using a given set of phrases, demonstrating your understanding of their meaning and appropriate usage in context.

🎯 Exam Tip: For each phrase, construct a clear and concise sentence that correctly uses the phrase's meaning. Ensure grammatical correctness and natural flow.

 

Question 7. It would be very difficult
(Make it a negative sentence.)
Answer: It would not be very easy.
In simple words: This question asks you to convert a positive sentence into a negative one while preserving the original meaning.

🎯 Exam Tip: To maintain meaning when negating, use an antonym of the key adjective (e.g., "difficult" becomes "not easy") or phrase, alongside the negative auxiliary verb.

 

Question 8. He accepted the assignment. (Change the voice.)
Answer: The assignment was accepted by him.
In simple words: This grammar task involves transforming an active voice sentence into its passive voice equivalent.

🎯 Exam Tip: To change to passive voice, identify the object ("the assignment"), make it the new subject, use the appropriate form of "to be" ("was") and the past participle of the main verb ("accepted"), and add "by" followed by the original subject ("him").

 

Frame wh-question to get the underlined part as answers:

Question (a) He used the same glass now.
Answer: What did he use now?
In simple words: This question asks you to create a "Wh-" question that would elicit "the same glass" as its answer, testing your ability to construct interrogative sentences.

🎯 Exam Tip: Determine if the underlined part is a person, thing, place, or time to select the correct "Wh-" word. Then, restructure the sentence into question form, ensuring correct auxiliary verb usage.

 

Question (b)They found the strange object under a bench in the garden.
Answer: Where did they find the strange object?
In simple words: This question asks for the location where the strange object was discovered.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to prepositional phrases that indicate location in a sentence to form accurate 'Where' questions.

 

Question 1.He was unable to explain them. (Make it a negative sentence without changing meaning,)
Answer: He could not explain them.
In simple words: The original sentence implies a lack of ability; the negative sentence expresses the same meaning using "could not".

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting to a negative sentence without changing meaning, look for antonyms or alternative negative constructions (e.g., "unable to" becomes "could not").

 

Question 2.He made hundreds of such drawings. (Choose the correct sentence of passive voice.)
(a) Hundreds of such drawings are made by him.
(b) Hundreds of such drawings will be made by him.
(c) Hundreds of such drawings were made by him.
(d) Hundreds of such drawings have made by him.
Answer: (c) Hundreds of such drawings were made by him.
In simple words: The original sentence is in the simple past tense, so the passive voice equivalent must also use the past tense of "to be" ("were") with the past participle ("made").

🎯 Exam Tip: To convert an active voice sentence to passive voice, identify the object (which becomes the new subject), use the correct form of "to be" (matching the original tense), and the past participle of the main verb, followed by "by" and the original subject.

Do As Directed:

 

Question 1.Complete the words by using correct letters:
1. p-ove
2. fi-ld
3. e-pty
4. mi-ht
Answer:
1. prove
2. field
3. empty
4. might
In simple words: This activity tests your vocabulary by asking you to fill in missing letters to form complete words.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read the partial word carefully and consider common English words that fit the pattern. Context from the lesson might also help.

 

Question 2.Copy the following sentences correctly in your notebook:
1. He couldn't even say his own name and would call himself 'Faraday'.
2. faraday was spellbound by Davy's lecture in 1812.
Answer:
1. He couldn't even say his own name and would call himself 'Faraday'.
2. Faraday was spellbound by Davy's lecture in 1812.
In simple words: This task requires correcting any errors in spelling or punctuation in the given sentences, such as capitalization of proper nouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to capitalization (especially for proper nouns like 'Faraday'), punctuation (apostrophes in contractions), and overall sentence structure.

 

Question 3.Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. epitomise, generate, convert, accomplish
2. destiny, determine, disturb, dismiss
Answer:
1. accomplish, convert, epitomise, generate.
2. destiny, determine, dismiss, disturb.
In simple words: This involves arranging the given lists of words according to the standard alphabetical sequence.

🎯 Exam Tip: When alphabetizing, compare words letter by letter from left to right. If the first letters are the same, compare the second, and so on.

 

Question 4.Punctuate the following sentences:
1. he worked day and night and learnt as much as he could about davys experiments
2. Faraday had a never give up attitude and he respected davy
Answer:
1. He worked day and night and learnt as much as he could about Davy's experiments.
2. Faraday had a never-give-up attitude and he respected Davy.
In simple words: This task requires adding correct capitalization, apostrophes, and full stops to make the sentences grammatically correct.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to capitalize the first letter of a sentence and proper nouns. Use apostrophes for possessives (Davy's) and hyphens for compound adjectives (never-give-up).

 

Question 5.Write four small words (minimum letters each) using the letters in the given word: 'comprehensive':
Answer:
1. come
2. cohesive
3. hen
4. hive.
In simple words: This task involves forming smaller, valid words using only the letters available in the provided longer word.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for common letter combinations and try different permutations. Ensure each derived word is at least the specified minimum length.

Activities Based On Contextual Grammar:

 

Question 1.Write any four words that begin with 're-' as a prefix;
Answer:
1. rewrite
2. replace
3. replay
4. redirect.
In simple words: This asks for words that start with the prefix "re-", which often means "again" or "back".

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of verbs or nouns where "re-" indicates repetition or reversal of an action to generate suitable words.

 

Question 2.He dismissed Faraday's aspirations. (Begin with Faraday's aspiration-and make the sentence of Passive voice.)
Answer: Faraday's aspirations were dismissed by him.
In simple words: The sentence is transformed so that the aspirations, rather than the person, are the focus of the action, indicating they "were dismissed".

🎯 Exam Tip: In passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject. The verb changes to a form of "to be" + past participle, and the original subject is optionally included with "by".

 

Question 3.He forgot to applaud with the rest of the crowd. (Make the sentence negative without changing the meaning.)
Answer: He did not remember to applaud with the rest of the crowd.
In simple words: To make the sentence negative without altering its meaning, "forgot" is replaced by "did not remember".

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for antonyms or alternative negative phrases that maintain the original intent when converting sentences to negative form.

 

Question 4.Find and write from the passage the adjectives used for the following nouns :
1. force
2. notes
3. explosion
4. memory.
Answer:
1. mysterious force
2. comprehensive notes
3. chemical explosion
4. excellent memory.
In simple words: This task requires identifying the descriptive words (adjectives) that are used in the text to modify the given nouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Scan the passage for each noun and observe the word immediately preceding it, as that is often the adjective describing it.

Spot The Error And Circle It. Then Rewrite The Corrected Sentence:

 

Question 1.Our teacher were absent yesterday.
Answer: Our teacher was absent yesterday.
In simple words: The verb "were" is incorrect for a singular subject "teacher"; it should be "was".

🎯 Exam Tip: Always ensure subject-verb agreement. A singular subject requires a singular verb, and a plural subject requires a plural verb.

 

Question 2.She has forgot her notebook in school.
Answer: She has forgotten her notebook in school.
In simple words: The past participle of "forget" is "forgotten", not "forgot", when used with "has" in the present perfect tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the correct past participle forms of irregular verbs when constructing perfect tenses (e.g., "has forgotten" not "has forgot").

Write Related Words As Shown In The Example: (Answers Are Directly Given.)

 

Question 1.Write related words as shown in the example: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
time – period, modern, lady, generation, world
In simple words: This task involves identifying and listing words that are semantically related to a central concept, similar to a word web.

🎯 Exam Tip: Brainstorm synonyms, associated concepts, or categories related to the main word. Consider different contexts in which the word might be used.

Complete The Following Word-Chain With Any Four Words. Add Four Words, Each Beginning With The Last Letter Of The Previous Word:

 

Question (a)Complete the following word-chain with any four words. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word: poverty - .......... - .......... - .......... - ..........
Answer: poverty - yank - knowing - gorgeous - slap.
In simple words: A word chain is created by taking the last letter of a word and using it as the first letter of the next word.

🎯 Exam Tip: When forming a word chain, focus on common words and ensure each new word starts with the exact last letter of the preceding one.

 

Question 2.Make a meaningful sentence by using the following phrase in your own sentence, "for a while”.
Answer: Please wait for a while, I will come with you.
In simple words: The phrase "for a while" means for a short period of time, and is used here to indicate a brief wait.

🎯 Exam Tip: To use a phrase meaningfully, understand its exact definition and incorporate it into a sentence that clearly conveys that meaning.

 

Question 3.Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use one of the root words in your own sentence:
1. ignore
2. achieve
Answer:
1. ignorance
2. achievement.
Sentence: We should not ignore our duties towards our motherland.
In simple words: Prefixes and suffixes are added to root words to change their meaning or grammatical function, such as turning a verb into a noun. The example sentence uses the original root word "ignore".

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify common prefixes and suffixes (e.g., -ance, -ment) and consider how they alter the meaning or word class of the root. Ensure the new word is correctly spelled.

 

Question 4.Complete the following sentences using your own words:
OR
Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
Answer:
1. He went on to prove that the pug marks found in the mud were not of a dog but of a tiger's.
2. It was Sardar Patel who led the famous Bardoli Satyagraha.
3. This is where his decision went against him.
4. He did not know much about the customs of the Adivasis.
In simple words: This task involves completing sentences or expanding them by adding clauses, ensuring they make logical and grammatical sense.

🎯 Exam Tip: When adding clauses or completing sentences, make sure the added text logically connects to the existing part and maintains sentence coherence and grammatical correctness.

Personal Response:

 

Question 1.Why do you think Faraday's friend gave him a free ticket to Davy's programme?
Answer: I think, the friend knew that Faraday was poor and could not afford to buy a ticket for such a big programme. He also must be knowing about Faraday's fascination about the subject of electricity, and that would be a great opportunity for him to attend the lecture of the renowned scientist Humphry Davy's work on the subject chemicals and electrical lighting.
In simple words: Faraday's friend likely offered the free ticket due to Faraday's poverty and his known passion for science, understanding it would be a valuable educational opportunity.

🎯 Exam Tip: For personal response questions, provide a reasoned answer based on inferences from the text, demonstrating an understanding of character motivations and circumstances.

 

Question 2.Is it necessary to have social status, money to pursue your goal? Explain why.
Answer: I think it is not necessary to have social status or money to pursue our goal. Only that, you must have a dream to achieve the goal and continue to work hard towards it. You must keep on trying day and night with perseverance and sincerity.
In simple words: No, social status or money are not necessary for success; instead, a strong dream, hard work, perseverance, and sincerity are crucial.

🎯 Exam Tip: Support your opinion with clear reasoning and illustrative points. Relate your answer to the themes of determination and overcoming adversity, as seen in the text.

 

Question 3.Write what is implied in the following sentence: Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday. (What do the words 'even then' suggest?)
Answer: Faraday wanted to be a great scientist. But Davy dismissed all his aspirations in the field of science. He made Faraday his secretary then his lab assistant. Faraday worked day and night and learnt about Davy's experiments. Even after doing such hard work and getting knowledge and experience Davy was not hopeful about Faraday's scientific career, because of his social status and education.
In simple words: "Even then" suggests that despite Faraday's relentless hard work and growing expertise, Davy still lacked faith in him, primarily due to Faraday's humble background.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analyze phrases like "even then" to understand the contrast or unexpected continuation implied. This shows a deeper understanding of character attitudes and underlying reasons.

 

Question 4.Write what is implied in the following sentence: People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself. (What does it suggest about Davy's work?)
Answer: Humphry Davy was a renowned chemist who made many discoveries about chemicals and electrical lighting. Faraday wanted Davy to become his mentor but Davy never believed in Faraday's ability and always tried to keep him away from the experiments he was doing. Davy became jealous of Faraday when he became a celebrity scientist overnight. But Faraday did not receive recognition for his success from Davy. So people started telling Davy that Faraday himself was his best discovery.
In simple words: This statement suggests that while Davy was a great scientist, his greatest achievement was not a scientific discovery but rather his initial association with and influence on Faraday, who later surpassed him in scientific importance.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing implied meanings, consider the context and how external opinions reflect on the characters. This phrase highlights Faraday's exceptional talent and Davy's short-sightedness.

 

Question 5.Do you agree with Faraday's following quotation? Explain with his own examples: 'In order to succeed, your desire for success should be greater than your fear of failure'.
Answer: Yes. I fully agree with Faraday's quotation. He wants to say that if you want to get success you should never fear of failures. If your desire for success is greater than your fear of failures, you can definitely achieve your success with determination and perseverance. Davy asked him to reverse engineer Bavarian glass. He toiled hard but failed to do it. He had lost his memory but the disease did not stop him. His failures did not become obstacles in the way of his success.
In simple words: Agreement with Faraday's quote means believing that overcoming the fear of failure through stronger ambition is key to success, as exemplified by Faraday's persistence despite setbacks like failing to reverse-engineer the glass or losing memory.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to agree or disagree with a quote, clearly state your stance, provide examples from the text or general knowledge, and logically connect them to the quote's core message.

 

Question 6.When you wish to achieve some goal, does it matter what you are?
Answer: No. When you wish to achieve some goal it does not matter who you are. You may not have status in the society or wealth or even education but still you can achieve your goal with hard work, perseverance, conviction, keen observation and intelligence.
In simple words: No, personal background, social status, or wealth do not dictate goal achievement; instead, qualities like hard work, perseverance, and intelligence are the true determinants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on inner qualities and effort rather than external circumstances when discussing achievement. Use examples from the story (like Faraday) to strengthen your argument.

Activity:

 

Question (a)Information about 3 gadgets/instruments
Answer:
1. Telescopes: A telescope is an optical instrument that aids the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light). The first known practical telescope was invented in Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century, by using glass lenses. It has use in both terrestrial applications and astronomy. There are many types of telescopes, for example, radio telescope, X-ray telescope, optical telescope, etc. They are generally made up of two lenses placed at a fixed distance to enlarge far away images.
2. Fan: A fan is a machine used to create flow within a fluid, typically a gas such as air. The fan consists of a rotating arrangements of blades which act on the fluid. The rotating assembly of blades and hub is I known as rotor. A fan concentrates the airflow in the required direction. The punkah fan was used in India about 500 BC. It was a handheld fan made of bamboo strips and other plant fibre. This evolved over the years to the modern fans we see in our rooms daily now.
3. Sewing machine: It is a machine used to stitch fabric and other material together with a thread. Sewing machines were invented during the Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work. In a modern sewing machine the fabric easily glides in and out without the inconvenience of needles and thimbles but the earlier sewing machines were partially manual and helped the tailor do the stitching faster saving his time.
In simple words: This section provides descriptive information about three different gadgets-telescopes, fans, and sewing machines-covering their function, history, and basic design principles.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing gadgets, include details about their purpose, how they work, key components, and historical context or evolution. Use clear and concise language.

Inventions

 

Question 1.Choose any one machine or device and prepare a short note about it. Use the points given in margin of the textbook page no. 88.
Answer:
A Note on Fan A fan is a machine/device used to create flow within fluid, typically a gas such as air. The fan consists of a rotating arrangement of blades that act on air concentrating the flow of air in one direction. The rotating assembly of blades and motor is known as rotor. Fans are powered by electricity. The 'punkha' (fan) was used in India about 500 BC. It was handheld fan made of bamboo. These fans evolved after centuries to the fans, we see today in our homes.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक छत के पंखे के विभिन्न घटकों को दर्शाता है। इसमें ऊपर की ओर 'कैप' होता है जो छत से जुड़ा होता है, एक 'कंडेंसर' जो पंखे के विद्युत सर्किट का हिस्सा होता है, एक 'मोटर' जो ब्लेड को घुमाता है, और 'ब्लेड' जो हवा को स्थानांतरित करते हैं। यह एक सामान्य विद्युत उपकरण की आंतरिक संरचना और कार्यप्रणाली को सरल रूप से प्रस्तुत करता है।
In simple words: This note describes a fan as a device for creating fluid flow using rotating blades, powered by a motor. It also traces its history from ancient Indian 'punkha' to modern electric fans.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a short note on a device, provide a clear definition, explain its working mechanism, list main components, and briefly mention its history or evolution to score well.