Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Chapter 9 Last Phase of Struggle for Independence Solutions

Class 8 History Chapter 9 Last Phase Of Struggle For Independence Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Last Phase Of Struggle For Independence Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 9 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 History Chapter 9 Last Phase Of Struggle For Independence Textbook Questions And Answers

1. Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options :

(Andaman and Nicobar, August Kranti, Vinoba Bhave, Sane Guruji, Indian National Congress)

Question 1........... was the first satyagrahi of individual satyagraha.
Answer:Vinoba Bhave
In simple words: Vinoba Bhave was chosen by Mahatma Gandhi to be the first person to offer individual satyagraha, a form of non-violent resistance against British policies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Vinoba Bhave as the pioneer of the individual satyagraha movement, a key figure in India's freedom struggle.

Question 2.The nation-wide movement of 1942 is also called ........... .
Answer:August Kranti
In simple words: The Quit India Movement, launched in August 1942, is also known as August Kranti, signifying a major turning point in India's independence struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the alternative name 'August Kranti' for the 1942 movement helps in identifying historical events accurately in exams.

Question 3.In November 1943, Japan conquered .......... islands and handed them over to Azad Hind Government.
Answer:Andaman and Nicobar
In simple words: Japan captured the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and symbolically transferred their administration to Subhash Chandra Bose's Azad Hind Government, strengthening its claim over Indian territory.

🎯 Exam Tip: This event highlights the geographical reach and political significance of the Azad Hind Government during World War II.

2. Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

Question 1.In November 1939, provincial ministers of Indian National Congress gave their resignations.
Answer:1. Viceroy Lord Linlithgo declared in 1939 that India had joined the Second World War on the side of England, without consulting the Indian leaders. 2. England claimed that it was fighting to save democracy in Europe. 3. Thereupon, the Congress claimed that if that claim is true then England should grant Independence to India immediately. ' 4. So the provincial ministries of the Indian National Congress resigned in November 1939 as England did not accept this demand.
In simple words: Provincial ministers of the Indian National Congress resigned because Britain unilaterally involved India in World War II and refused to grant India immediate independence, despite claiming to fight for democracy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the reasons for the Congress ministries' resignation is crucial for grasping the political tensions between India and Britain during the early stages of World War II.

Question 2.The Indian National Army had to lay down their arms.
Answer:1. The Indian National Army fought against the British in adverse circumstances under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose. 2. The Imphal Campaign of Indian National Army remained incomplete as the Japanese stopped helping the Indian National Army. 3. In the same period, Japan accepted defeat in the Second World War. 4. On 18 August 1945, Subhash Chandra Bose died in a plane crash. Under these circumstances, the soldiers of the Indian National Army had to lay down their arms.
In simple words: The Indian National Army laid down its arms because its Japanese allies withdrew support and surrendered in World War II, coupled with the reported death of its leader, Subhash Chandra Bose, leaving the army without resources or leadership.

🎯 Exam Tip: The collapse of the INA was a direct consequence of Japan's defeat and withdrawal, highlighting the army's reliance on external support during its operations.

Question 3.The Parallel Government became a source of inspiration to the people.
Answer:1. During the Quit India Movement, parallel governments were established in many parts of India. 2. It rendered great service by doing work like :
• Opposition to money lenders
• Prohibition of liquor
• Spread of literacy 3. Opposition to caste distinctions, etc. Due to this, the Parallel Government became a source of inspiration for the public.
In simple words: Parallel governments inspired people by demonstrating self-governance through various social reforms like debt relief, prohibition, and promoting literacy, effectively countering British authority and fostering a sense of autonomy.

🎯 Exam Tip: The welfare activities undertaken by the parallel governments showcased their commitment to public good and played a significant role in gaining popular support for the independence movement.

3. Complete The Following Table.

Question 1.

Organisation	Founder
Forward Bloc
Indian Independence League
Toofan Sena

Answer:

Organisation	Founder
Forward Bloc	Subhash Chandra Bose
Indian Independence League	Rash Behari Bose
Toofan Sena	Krantiagrani G.D. alias Bapu Lad

In simple words: This table correctly identifies the founders of key organizations during India's freedom struggle: Forward Bloc by Subhash Chandra Bose, Indian Independence League by Rash Behari Bose, and Toofan Sena by Krantiagrani G.D. alias Bapu Lad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorizing the founders of important organizations helps in understanding their roles and contributions to the independence movement.

4. Answer The Following Questions In Brief:

Question 1.Why did the British Prime Minister send Sir Stafford Cripps to India?
Answer:1. During the Second World War, England sided with America against Japan. 2. As England was ruling India, there was possibility of Japan attacking India. 3. The Japanese forces came closer to the eastern border of India. 4. It was necessary to have co-operation of India to resist Japanese invasion. Therefore, the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill sent Sir Stafford Cripps to India in March 1942.
In simple words: Sir Stafford Cripps was sent to India by the British Prime Minister to secure Indian cooperation against Japan in World War II, as Japan's forces approached India's eastern borders, posing a direct threat to British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Cripps Mission illustrates Britain's strategic need for Indian support during wartime and their attempt to negotiate political concessions in return.

Question 2.What kind of reaction was seen during the spread of news of arrest of main leaders of the Indian National Congress?
Answer:1. Quit India Resolution moved by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, was passed on 8th August with an overwhelming majority. 2. On the same night, the leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested. 3. The news of these arrest aroused strong resentment. 4. The angry people took out processions, tried to take control of government offices and attacked jails, police stations and railway stations. 5. School children took out processions and shouted slogan "Vande Mataram”. 6. Even though the police resorted to lathi charge and firing, the people were not afraid. The young and old showed determination and courage.
In simple words: The arrest of Congress leaders after the Quit India Resolution sparked widespread public outrage, leading to mass protests, attacks on government buildings, and fierce determination from all age groups despite severe police action.

🎯 Exam Tip: The spontaneous and widespread reaction to the arrests demonstrates the deep-seated anti-British sentiment and the popular support for the Quit India Movement.

Question 3.What appeal did Mahatma Gandhi make in the Quit India session of Indian National Congress?
Answer:Gandhiji made the following appeal to the people of India during the Quit India session of Indian National Congress at Mumbai: 1. Everyone of you, should from this moment onwards, consider yourself a free man or woman. 2. Everyone should behave like a citizen of free India. 3. Either we shall free India or die in the attempt. 4. Through the appeal he stated that Indians should be ready to make a sacrifice with the feeling of 'Do or Die'.
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi urged Indians to consider themselves free, act as citizens of a free India, and be prepared to achieve independence or die trying, encapsulated in his powerful "Do or Die" call for sacrifice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Gandhi's "Do or Die" slogan was a potent call to action that energized the masses and became the defining spirit of the Quit India Movement.

Do You Know?

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): शिरिशकुमार का चित्र, एक युवा लड़का जो भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में एक महत्वपूर्ण शहीद के रूप में जाना जाता है। उनका बलिदान नंदुरबार में तिरंगा फहराने के दौरान पुलिस फायरिंग में हुआ था, जो छात्रों को देश के लिए निडर होकर खड़े होने की प्रेरणा देता है।

Inspirational account of brave children: 1. Under the leadership of Shirishkumar, school children carried out procession holding the tricolour at Nandurbar in Maharashtra. 2. The slogan of Vande Mcrtaram was given. 3. In the police firing, along with Shirishkumar, Dhansukhlal, Shashidhar, Ghanashyam, Laldas became martyrs.

Let Us Know....:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): आचार्य विनोबा भावे का चित्र, एक भारतीय आध्यात्मिक गुरु, समाज सुधारक और स्वतंत्रता सेनानी। उन्हें महात्मा गांधी के आध्यात्मिक उत्तराधिकारी के रूप में जाना जाता है और उन्होंने भूदान आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किया, जिसका उद्देश्य भूमिहीन गरीबों को भूमि वितरित करना था।

Acharya Vinobha Bhave Individual Satyagraha: 1. As the British government was constantly neglecting the demands, the Indian National Congress decided to start anti-war propaganda. 2. Instead of a collective movement every person should individually disobey the law. This is called Individual Satyagraha. 3. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first individual Satyagrahi. 4. After him, nearly 25,000 Satyagrahis participated in individual Satyagraha and were imprisoned.

Project:

Question 1.Prepare a timeline of the events of the struggle of Indian National Army.

Question 2.With the help of internet collect the pictures of Quit India Movement of 1942 and organise an exhibition on occasion of a national day.

Class 8 History Chapter 9 Last Phase Of Struggle For Independence Additional Important Questions And Answers

1. Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options :

Question 1.Provincial Ministers of .......... resigned in November, 1939.
Answer:Indian National Congress
In simple words: The provincial ministers of the Indian National Congress resigned in November 1939 as a protest against Britain's decision to involve India in World War II without consulting Indian leaders.

🎯 Exam Tip: This event marked a significant protest by the Indian National Congress against British colonial policies during a global conflict.

Question 2.Songs of ................ inspiration during the movement.
Answer:Sane Guruji
In simple words: Sane Guruji's patriotic songs greatly inspired the people during the freedom movement, motivating them towards active participation and sacrifice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Cultural figures like Sane Guruji played a crucial role in mobilizing public sentiment and fostering nationalistic fervor through their artistic contributions.

Identify The Wrong Pair :

Question 1.Organisation - Founder 1. Azad Dasta - Bhai Kotwal 2. Lai Sena - General Awari 3. Azad Radio - Aruna Asaf Ali 4. Azad Hind Government - Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer:Wrong pair: Azad Radio - Aruna Asaf Ali Corrected pair: Azad Radio - Usha Mehta.
In simple words: The wrong pair listed was Azad Radio - Aruna Asaf Ali; the correct founder of Azad Radio, which broadcasted secret messages during the Quit India Movement, was Usha Mehta.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing key figures and their specific contributions, like Usha Mehta's role in Azad Radio, is important for distinguishing correct historical facts.

Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options :

Question 1.In 1937 elections, the Indian National Congress gained a majority in ............... provinces and came to power. (a) seven (b) two (c) eight (d) three
Answer: (c) eight
In simple words: In the 1937 provincial elections, the Indian National Congress secured a majority and formed governments in eight out of the eleven provinces.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 1937 elections were a significant political milestone, demonstrating the Congress's widespread popular support and its ability to form governments.

Question 2.Parallel government was formed by ................ in Satara. (a) Krantisinh Nana Patil (b) N.G. Gore (c) Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj (d) S.M. Joshi
Answer: (a) Krantisinh Nana Patil
In simple words: Krantisinh Nana Patil was instrumental in establishing a parallel government in Satara during the Quit India Movement, demonstrating local resistance and self-rule against British authority.

🎯 Exam Tip: Krantisinh Nana Patil's leadership in forming the parallel government in Satara is a key example of the grassroots resistance during the Quit India Movement.

Question 3.Netaji founded the .......... in 1943 in Singapore. (a) Free India Centre (b) Azad Hind Sena (c) Parallel Government (d) Azad Hind Government
Answer: (d) Azad Hind Government
In simple words: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Azad Hind Government (Provisional Government of Free India) in Singapore in 1943, aiming to liberate India from British rule with the support of the Axis powers.

🎯 Exam Tip: The formation of the Azad Hind Government under Netaji in Singapore was a bold move, symbolizing an alternative path to India's independence outside British control.

Question 4.................. tried to destroy the railway along with his campaigners in Sindh. (a) Khudiram Bose (b) Ashfaqulla Khan (c) Hemu Kalani (d) Maganlal Bagdi
Answer: (c) Hemu Kalani
In simple words: Hemu Kalani, a young revolutionary, attempted to disrupt railway lines in Sindh to hinder British troop movements and supplies, demonstrating his commitment to the freedom struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Hemu Kalani's act of sabotage reflects the revolutionary tactics adopted by some freedom fighters to weaken the British administration.

Question 5................ had formed the Azad Hind Sena with the help of Captain Mohan Singh. (a) Rash Behari Bose (b) Subash Chandra Bose (c) Anand Mohan Bose (d) S.M. Gore
Answer: (a) Rash Behari Bose
In simple words: Rash Behari Bose, with the assistance of Captain Mohan Singh, was instrumental in the initial formation of the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Sena) from Indian prisoners of war in Southeast Asia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Rash Behari Bose's early efforts were crucial in laying the groundwork for the Indian National Army, which later gained prominence under Subhash Chandra Bose.

Name The Following:

Question 1.Viceroy who announced India's involvement in Second World War.
Answer:Lord Linlithgo
In simple words: Lord Linlithgow was the Viceroy of India who, without consulting Indian leaders, declared India a party to the Second World War.

🎯 Exam Tip: This unilateral declaration by Lord Linlithgow sparked widespread protest and led to the resignation of Congress ministries.

Question 2.President of Mumbai session of Indian National Congress.
Answer:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
In simple words: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad presided over the historic Mumbai session of the Indian National Congress where the Quit India Resolution was ultimately ratified.

🎯 Exam Tip: Maulana Azad's leadership during this pivotal session underscores his significant role in guiding the Congress during a critical phase of the freedom struggle.

Question 3.Leader who put forth Quit India Movement resolution at the Mumbai session of the Congress.
Answer:Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
In simple words: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru proposed the Quit India Resolution at the Mumbai session of the Indian National Congress, calling for immediate independence from British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Nehru's role in formally moving the resolution highlights his stature and influence within the Congress leadership at that time.

Question 4.The outburst of Navy and Air Force on this British warship.
Answer:Talwar
In simple words: The British warship 'Talwar' was the site of a significant naval mutiny in February 1946, signaling widespread unrest among Indian armed forces against British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: The mutiny on HMS Talwar was a major indicator of dwindling British authority and rising nationalist sentiment within the military ranks.

Question 5.His songs inspired the National Movement.
Answer:Rashtrasant Tukdcji Maharaj.
In simple words: Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj, through his devotional and patriotic songs, greatly inspired the common people and infused nationalist spirit into the freedom movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: The contributions of spiritual and cultural figures like Tukdoji Maharaj were vital in mobilizing public sentiment beyond political rhetoric.

Answer The Following In One Sentence Each:

Question 1.State the resolution passed by the Congress Working Committee in the Wardha session.
Answer:The Congress Working Committee at its Wardha session passed the resolution that
• the British rule in India should be ended immediately and
• India be given independence.
In simple words: The Congress Working Committee's Wardha resolution demanded the immediate end of British rule in India and the granting of independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: This resolution set the stage for the Quit India Movement by clearly articulating the Congress's demand for complete independence.

Question 2.What was the warning given by the Congress Working Committee in the Wardha session?
Answer:The Congress Working Committee had given the warning that if the demand for complete independence was not met, it would launch a non-violent movement for the freedom of India.
In simple words: The Congress Working Committee warned that if its demand for complete independence was not fulfilled, it would initiate a widespread non-violent movement for India's freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: This warning served as an ultimatum to the British, setting the stage for the Quit India Movement if negotiations failed.

Question 3.Why did the British Government imprison Subhash Chandra Bose?
Answer:The British Government imprisoned Subhash Chandra Bose because through his speeches he made appeal to the people of India to revolt against the British rule.
In simple words: The British Government imprisoned Subhash Chandra Bose because his speeches incited the Indian populace to rebel against British authority.

🎯 Exam Tip: Bose's imprisonment reflected the British fear of his charismatic leadership and his potential to mobilize mass resistance.

Question 4.What did the British Government realise after the Navy and Air Force revolted?
Answer:After the revolt of Navy and Air Force, the British Government realised that their rule in India was about to end.
In simple words: Following the naval and air force revolts, the British Government realized that their dominion over India was unsustainable and nearing its conclusion.

🎯 Exam Tip: The revolts within the armed forces demonstrated that even the pillars of British power were turning against them, accelerating the path to independence.

Do As Directed:

Complete The Graphical Presentation:

Question 1.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स के साथ एक प्रवाह आरेख है जिस पर "Work done by Provincial ministry of Indian National Congress" लिखा है। इस केंद्रीय बॉक्स से निकलने वाले तीर पाँच खाली आयताकार बक्से की ओर इंगित करते हैं, जो उन कार्यों को दर्शाने के लिए हैं जिन्हें भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के प्रांतीय मंत्रालयों ने किया था। छात्र को इन खाली बक्सों में सही उत्तर भरने की आवश्यकता है।

Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक प्रवाह आरेख है जो भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के प्रांतीय मंत्रालयों द्वारा किए गए विभिन्न कार्यों को दर्शाता है। केंद्रीय बॉक्स "Work done by Provincial ministry of Indian National Congress" के रूप में लेबल किया गया है। इस बॉक्स से तीर पांच आयताकार बक्सों की ओर इंगित करते हैं, जिनमें से प्रत्येक एक विशिष्ट कार्य का वर्णन करता है: "Release of political prisoners", "Introduction of basic education", "Prohibition of liquor", "Measures to improve conditions of Dalits", और "Act passed giving debt relief to farmers"। यह आरेख कांग्रेस मंत्रालयों के जन-उन्मुख सुधारों को स्पष्ट रूप से चित्रित करता है।
In simple words: The provincial ministries of the Indian National Congress worked on releasing political prisoners, promoting basic education, enforcing liquor prohibition, improving Dalit conditions, and providing debt relief to farmers, showcasing their commitment to social welfare.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding these contributions is important to recognize the practical governance efforts and social reforms undertaken by Congress ministries before their resignation.

Question 2.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वेब आरेख है जिसमें केंद्रीय बॉक्स पर "Leaders of the Underground Movement" लिखा है। इस केंद्रीय बॉक्स से चार तीर निकलते हैं, जिनमें से दो बक्से "Dr. Rammanohar Lohia" और "Achyutrao Patwardhan" से पहले से भरे हुए हैं। अन्य दो तीर खाली बक्सों की ओर इंगित करते हैं जिन्हें भूमिगत आंदोलन के अन्य प्रमुख नेताओं के नामों से भरने की आवश्यकता है।

Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वेब आरेख है जो भारत के भूमिगत आंदोलन के प्रमुख नेताओं को दर्शाता है। केंद्रीय बॉक्स पर "Leaders of the Underground Movement" लिखा है। इस बॉक्स से जुड़े हुए बक्से में शामिल हैं: "Dr. Rammanohar Lohia", "Aruna Asaf Ali", "S.M Joshi", "Usha Mehta", "Yashwantrao Chavan", और "Achyutrao Patwardhan"। यह आरेख भूमिगत गतिविधियों में शामिल विभिन्न प्रमुख हस्तियों को प्रभावी ढंग से प्रदर्शित करता है।
In simple words: The underground movement during India's freedom struggle was led by prominent figures such as Dr. Rammanohar Lohia, Aruna Asaf Ali, S.M. Joshi, Usha Mehta, Yashwantrao Chavan, and Achyutrao Patwardhan, who coordinated covert operations against British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying these leaders is crucial for understanding the clandestine efforts that sustained the Quit India Movement despite the arrests of mainstream leaders.

Question 3.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स के साथ एक वेब आरेख है जिस पर "Places where Parallel Government was formed" लिखा है। इस केंद्रीय बॉक्स से निकलने वाले चार खाली आयताकार बक्से उन विभिन्न स्थानों को दर्शाने के लिए हैं जहाँ समानांतर सरकारों का गठन किया गया था, और छात्र को इन बक्सों में सही स्थानों के नाम भरने की आवश्यकता है।

Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वेब आरेख है जो उन प्रमुख स्थानों को दर्शाता है जहाँ भारत में समानांतर सरकारों का गठन किया गया था। केंद्रीय बॉक्स "Places where Parallel Government was formed" के रूप में लेबल किया गया है। इस बॉक्स से जुड़े हुए बक्सों में शामिल हैं: "Satara", "Maharashtra", "Midnapore", "Bengal", "Bihar", "Purnia", "Uttar Pradesh", "Ballia, Azamgarh"। यह आरेख उन क्षेत्रों को स्पष्ट रूप से प्रस्तुत करता है जहाँ ब्रिटिश शासन के खिलाफ स्थानीय स्तर पर स्व-शासन स्थापित किया गया था।
In simple words: Parallel governments were established in various regions across India, notably in Satara (Maharashtra), Midnapore (Bengal), Ballia, Azamgarh (Uttar Pradesh), and Purnia (Bihar), to challenge British authority and promote local self-rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remembering these locations helps illustrate the widespread nature and local initiatives of the Quit India Movement beyond just urban centers.

Question 4.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स के साथ एक प्रवाह आरेख है जिस पर "Associates of Subhash Chandra Bose in Azad Hind Government" लिखा है। इस केंद्रीय बॉक्स से निकलने वाले तीर पाँच खाली आयताकार बक्सों की ओर इंगित करते हैं, जो सुभाष चंद्र बोस के आज़ाद हिंद सरकार में प्रमुख सहयोगियों को दर्शाने के लिए हैं। छात्र को इन खाली बक्सों में सही नामों को भरने की आवश्यकता है।

Prepare A Timeline Of The Events Of The Struggle Of Azad Hind Sena:

Question 1.Complete the following timeline depicting the events of the struggle of Azad Hind Sena: 1942 - 1943 - 1943 - 1944 - 1944 - 1945 [Empty Event] - [Empty Event] - [Empty Event] - [Empty Event] - [Empty Event] - [Empty Event]

Answer:The completed timeline of the events of the struggle of Azad Hind Sena is as follows: 1942 - Azad Hind Sena was formed October 1943 - Azad Hind Government was formed November 1943 - Japan surrendered Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1944 - Indian National Army conquered Aarakan Province 1944 - Imphal Campaign 1945 - Subhash Chandra Bose died in a plane accident
In simple words: The timeline illustrates the key milestones of the Azad Hind Sena, from its formation to the conquest of territories and the eventual demise of its leader, Subhash Chandra Bose.

🎯 Exam Tip: Timelines are excellent for visualizing historical sequences; ensure you know the exact year and associated event for scoring well in chronological questions.

Write Short Notes:

Question 1. Provincial Cabinets:

Answer:1. According to the Act of 1935, working of the British administered provinces were transferred to the elected representatives. 2. Although not satisfied with the act. Congress contested elections to the Provincial Legislatures of eleven provinces in 1937. 3. Indian National Congress gained a majority in eight provinces. 4. Congress ministries did a lot of useful work for the benefit of the people. 5. As the British government refused their demand of Independence the Congress ministries resigned in November 1939.
In simple words: Provincial Cabinets were formed after the 1937 elections based on the 1935 Act, where Congress formed ministries in eight provinces but resigned in 1939 when their demand for independence was refused by the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the Government of India Act of 1935 and its role in provincial autonomy is crucial. Focus on the reasons for Congress's participation and subsequent resignation.

Question 2. Individual Satyagraha:

Answer:1. As the British government was constantly neglecting the demands the Indian National Congress decided to start anti-war propaganda. 2. Instead of a collective movement they decided every person should individually disobey the law. This is known as Individual Satyagraha. 3. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first Individual Satyagrahi. 4. After him nearly 25,000 satyagrahis participated in individual satyagraha and were imprisoned.
In simple words: Individual Satyagraha was a non-violent protest where individuals, starting with Vinoba Bhave, defied laws to oppose British war efforts, aiming to press demands when collective action was not pursued.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the core principle of Individual Satyagraha (individual civil disobedience) and identify its first practitioner, Acharya Vinoba Bhave, as this is a frequently tested fact.

Question 3. Rash Behari Bose:

Answer:1. Rash Behari Bose was living in Japan since 1915. 2. He had established the 'Indian Independence League' by organizing the Indian patriots living in the South East Asia. 3. Japan conquered the territories of South-East Asia controlled by the British. 4. Rash Behari Bose, with the help of Captain Mohan Singh, formed the Indian National Army or Azad Hind Sena from the Indian prisoners of war captured by Japan.
In simple words: Rash Behari Bose was a revolutionary living in Japan who founded the Indian Independence League and played a key role, with Captain Mohan Singh, in forming the Indian National Army from prisoners of war.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about key figures like Rash Behari Bose, focus on their significant contributions, such as forming organizations and leading movements for independence.

Question 4. Revolt of Indian Navy and Air Force:

Answer:1. Inspired by the heroics of the Indian National Army, the soldiers on the British warship 'Talwar' revolted on 8th February 1946. 2. They hoisted the tricolour flag on the ship and raised slogans against the British Government. 3. The exchange of fire between the rebels and the British army took place. 4. The workers and common people extended their support. 5. To support this uprising, the Air Force from Delhi, Lahore, Karachi, Ambala, Meerut went on strike. 6. The naval soldiers laid down their arms after the mediation by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
In simple words: The Indian Navy and Air Force revolted in 1946, inspired by the INA, hoisting the tricolour and striking against British rule, ultimately surrendering after Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's mediation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the date (February 1946) and the name of the ship ('Talwar') for the Naval Revolt, as these specific details are important for accuracy.

Answer The Following Questions In Brief:

Question 1. What work did the Azad Radio Centre do during the 1942 underground movement?

Answer:During the 1942 underground movement Vitthal Zaveri, Usha Mehta and her companions established a secret transmission centre, 'Azad Radio'. The work done: - News of agitations in the country were broadcast on it. - Patriotic songs were sung. - Patriotic speeches were telecast. This gave inspiration to the agitators during the Quit India Movement.
In simple words: Azad Radio Centre, established during the 1942 underground movement by Vitthal Zaveri and Usha Mehta, broadcast news of agitations, patriotic songs, and speeches to inspire freedom fighters.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing the functions of underground movements, remember to list the specific activities like broadcasting news, songs, and speeches, and highlight their impact on public morale.

Question 2. Explain the significance of the Quit India Movement.

Answer:1. On 8th August 1942, in the Mumbai session, the Indian National Congress gave the order of 'Quit India' to the British government. This was the beginning of a nationwide agitation. 2. To fulfill the objective of independence, lakhs of Indians sacrificed their lives in this movement. 3. The number of people who participated were so large that even all prisons in the country were not enough to contain them. 4. The movement shook the foundation of British rule in India.
In simple words: The Quit India Movement, launched in 1942, was a nationwide mass agitation for complete independence that saw immense public participation and sacrifices, significantly weakening the foundation of British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the widespread participation and the challenge it posed to British authority as key aspects of the movement's significance.

Question 3. State the impact of the events from 1942 to 1946 on the British rule.

Answer:Many important events took place between 1942 to 1946. The following effects were seen on the British rule: 1. It shook the foundation of British rule in India. 2. The Quit India agitation manifested the strong anti-British feeling of the Indian people. 3. The Army, Navy and Air Force considered to be backbone of the British power revolted against it. 4. The British rulers realised that now their rule will not last long in India.
In simple words: The period from 1942-1946 significantly impacted British rule by shaking its foundation, revealing strong anti-British sentiment, witnessing revolts within its own armed forces, and leading the British to realize their rule was ending.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the cumulative effect of these events-how they collectively signaled the end of British dominance and reinforced the demand for independence.

Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

Question 1. The plan of federation mentioned in 1935 Act did not materialise.

Answer:1. The Act of 1935 provided for the formation of a federation of the British administered provinces and the Indian princely states. 2. The working of the British administered provinces were transferred to the Indian representatives. 3. On joining the federation, the princely states would lose their autonomy. 4. So, the proposal of federation did not materialise as the rulers of the princely states refused to join the federation.
In simple words: The 1935 Act's federation plan failed because princely states, fearing loss of autonomy by joining, refused to become part of the proposed federal structure alongside British provinces.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key reason for the failure of the 1935 Act's federation plan was the reluctance of princely states to surrender their sovereignty, which is a crucial detail for this explanation.

Question 2. The Cripps proposal was rejected.

Answer:1. The Indian National Congress rejected the Cripps' proposal because there was no clear mention of the grant of complete independence to India. 2. The Muslim League rejected the Cripps' proposal as it had no mention of creation of Pakistan.
In simple words: The Cripps proposal was rejected by Congress because it lacked a clear commitment to complete independence, and by the Muslim League because it did not guarantee the creation of Pakistan.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining rejections of proposals, always provide both the Congress's and the Muslim League's reasons for a comprehensive answer.

Question 3. Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the office of Congress President.

Answer:1. Subhash Chandra Bose became the President of Indian National Congress twice. 2. He became the President of Congress when Second World War had commenced. He was of the opinion that as England was engaged in war, the Congress should intensify the agitation by taking advantage of this situation. 3. If needed, India should seek the help of the enemies of England. 4. Other senior leaders of the Congress did not agree with this view. As a result, Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the office of the Congress President.
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose resigned as Congress President due to differing views with other senior leaders regarding intensifying agitation during WWII and seeking help from Britain's enemies, a strategy they disagreed with.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the ideological differences regarding strategy during World War II as the primary reason for Subhash Chandra Bose's resignation from the Congress presidency.

Question 4. The British government suspended the punishment of INA officers.

Answer:1. After surrender of the soldiers of the Indian National Army, the British government charged them with treason. 2. Expert lawyers like Pandit Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai and Tej Bahadur Sapre defended the INA officers. 3. But the military tribunal held them guilty and sentenced them to life imprisonment. 4. There was severe unrest in the minds of the Indian people against the British Government. So, they had to suspend the punishment given by the military tribunal.
In simple words: The British government suspended the punishment of INA officers due to widespread public unrest and strong protests across India, despite a military tribunal sentencing them for treason.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key factor leading to the suspension of punishment was the immense public outcry and the defense by prominent Indian lawyers, showcasing the power of public opinion.

Answer The Following In Detail:

Question 1. Write about the Session of Indian National Congress held in Mumbai in August 1942.

Answer:1. On 14th July, 1942 the Congress Working Committee passed the Quit India Resolution at Wardha. 2. It warned the British government of launch of a non-violent struggle for India's independence. 3. With this background, Quit India Session of the Indian National Congress began at Gowalia Tank (Kranti Maidan) in Mumbai on 7th August, 1942. 4. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad presided over this session. 5. The resolution passed at Wardha session was finally approved in the Mumbai session. 6. On 8th August, Quit India Resolution, moved by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was passed with an overwhelming majority. 7. Congress decided to launch a nationwide non-violent movement under the leadership of Gandhiji. 8. Gandhiji gave inspiring message of 'Do or Die' to the people and appealed them to be ready to sacrifice for the nation.
In simple words: The August 1942 Mumbai session of the Indian National Congress, presided over by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, approved the Quit India Resolution, initiating a nationwide non-violent struggle under Gandhiji's leadership with his famous 'Do or Die' call.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the key date (August 1942), location (Gowalia Tank, Mumbai), the resolution (Quit India), and Gandhiji's iconic slogan ('Do or Die') for comprehensive answers on this topic.

Question 2. Give detailed information about Underground Movement.

Answer:1. At the end of 1942, the young socialist leaders started the Underground Movement. 2. S. M. Joshi, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, Jayprakash Narayan were among the many leaders who led the movement. 3. Aruna Asaf Ali, Usha Mehta, Sucheta Kriplani were the women leaders who led the movement. 4. The activists disrupted transport and communication by breakdown of railway routes, cutting telephone lines, blowing up 8 bridges, etc. 5. Hemu Kalani tried to destroy railway carrying British troops and supply, in Sindh province. 6. Groups like Azad Dasta of Bhai Kotwal in Karjat and Lai Sena of General Awari in Nagpur made the government helpless and witless for months. 7. Usha Mehta and Vitthal Zaveri started a secret transmission centre of Azad Radio in Mumbai. 8. Many such centres operated at Kolkata, Delhi and Pune. 9. Krantisinh Nana Patil formed parallel government in Satara. 10. Parallel governments were formed in Midnapore in Bengal, Ballia and Azamgrah in Uttar Pradesh and Purnia in Bihar. 11. Krantiagrani GD (Bapu Lad) established 'Toofan sena' at Kundal.
In simple words: The Underground Movement, led by socialist leaders like S.M. Joshi and women like Aruna Asaf Ali, disrupted British transport and communication, established secret radio centers, and formed parallel governments across India to resist British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the Underground Movement, list prominent leaders, their key activities (e.g., sabotage, secret radio), and the establishment of parallel governments with specific examples.

Question 3. Identify the given picture and write information about the work done by him.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस का है, जो भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के एक प्रमुख नेता थे। उन्होंने भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के अध्यक्ष के रूप में कार्य किया और 'फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक' नामक अपनी पार्टी की स्थापना की। द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के दौरान उन्होंने भारत को ब्रिटिश शासन से मुक्त कराने के लिए सशस्त्र संघर्ष की वकालत की।
Answer:The given picture is of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. 1. Subhash Chandra Bose became the President of Indian National Congress twice. 2. He was of the view to intensify the agitation and seek help from the enemies of England during the Second World War. 3. He had difference of opinion with other senior leaders on these points. 4. Therefore, he resigned from the office of the Congress President and formed a party, 'Forward Bloc'. 5. Subhash Chandra Bose was imprisoned by the British because he made an appeal to the people of India to revolt against the British. 6. He was interned in his house by the British but he managed to escape in disguise and reached Germany in April 1941. 7. He founded the 'Free India Centre' in Germany. 8. He made an appeal to the people of India to join in the armed struggle for the independence of India from Berlin radio station. 9. On the invitation of Rash Behari Bose, he went to Japan and led the Indian National Army. 10. He formed the Azad Hind Government in Singapore in 1943. 11. Under his leadership, Azad Hind Army captured the Aarakan province in Myanmar and posts on the eastern border of Assam. 12. Netaji appealed to the people of India: 'You give me blood and I will give you independence'. 13. On 18 August, 1945 Netaji died in a plane crash.
In simple words: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, a two-time Congress President, resigned due to strategic differences, formed the 'Forward Bloc', escaped to Germany, founded the 'Free India Centre', and later led the Indian National Army from Japan, forming the Azad Hind Government and famously calling for "blood for independence."

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Netaji's leadership roles (Congress President, Forward Bloc, INA), his strategic decisions during WWII, and his famous slogan to score well on questions about him.

Question 4. How do you find the contribution of Shirishkumar to be inspirational?

Answer:1. Under the leadership of Shirishkumar, the school children took out a procession holding the tricolour flag at Nandurbar. 2. 'Vande Mataram' was the slogan given to them. 3. The police fired on them. In the firing Shirishkumar and many other children became martyrs. 4. His sacrifice gives inspiration to us to do work for the society and country. 5. Gaining independence is no more our objective but to keep the environment clean, to maintain unity among people, and collectively solve the problems is our responsibility. 6. As all this is equally challenging we get inspiration from courage and determination of Shirishkumar. 7. Shirishkumar inspires us to do our work fearlessly without being a victim of injustice and oppression. 8. He also inspires us to make sacrifice, have faith in work and determination.
In simple words: Shirishkumar's leadership of a children's procession, his sacrifice in police firing, and his unwavering courage and determination make his contribution inspirational for future generations to serve society and face challenges fearlessly.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about inspirational figures, describe their specific heroic acts and connect those actions to values like courage, sacrifice, and determination, explaining how these continue to inspire.