Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Chapter 3 Effects of British Rule Solutions

Class 8 History Chapter 3 Effects Of British Rule Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Effects Of British Rule Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 3 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 History Chapter 3 Effects Of British Rule Textbook Questions And Answers

1. Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

Question 1.Portuguese, .............. , French, British participated in the competition of capturing Indian market.
(a) Austrian
(b) Dutch
(c) German
(d) Swedish
Answer: (b) Dutch
In simple words: The Dutch were among the European powers, alongside the Portuguese, French, and British, who competed for control over the Indian market.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multiple-choice questions, accurately identify all major European trading powers that were active in India to secure full marks.

Question 2.In 1802, Peshwa .............. signed the Subsidiary Alliance with the British.
(a) Bajirao I
(b) Sawai Madhavrao
(c) Peshwa Nanasaheb
(d) Bajirao II
Answer: (d) Bajirao II
In simple words: Bajirao II was the Peshwa who entered into the Subsidiary Alliance with the British in 1802, significantly impacting Maratha independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the names of key historical figures involved in treaties like the Subsidiary Alliance, as they are crucial for factual recall.

Question 3.Jamshedjee Tata started the manufacturing of steel at Tata Iron and Steel Industry established in .............. .
(a) Mumbai
(b) Kolkata
(c) Jamshedpur
(d) Delhi
Answer: (c) Jamshedpur
In simple words: Jamshedjee Tata founded the Tata Iron and Steel Industry in Jamshedpur, pioneering modern steel manufacturing in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the locations of major industrial establishments and their founders is important for understanding India's economic history.

2. Explain The Following Concept:

Question 1.Civil Services :
Answer:
1. There was a need of bureaucrats to strengthen the British rule in India.
2. Lord Cornwallis introduced Civil Services which became an important part of the British government.
3. The territories occupied by the British were divided into districts for administrative convenience. The district administration was headed by Collector.
4. The officers appointed through the Civil Services (ICS) were taken into administrative services.
In simple words: The Civil Services were introduced by Lord Cornwallis to create a structured bureaucracy for efficient British administration in India. These services managed districts, with Collectors as heads, and were crucial for consolidating British power.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining concepts, define them, state who introduced them, and briefly describe their function and significance.

Question 2.Commercialisation of Agriculture :
Answer:
1. In the pre-British period, farmers used to cultivate food grains to fulfill domestic need as well as need of the village.
2. The British government gave encouragements to the cultivation of cash crops like indigo, cotton, tobacco, tea, etc.
3. The shift from cultivation of foodgrains to profit-yielding cash crops is known as Commercialisation of Agriculture.
In simple words: Commercialisation of Agriculture refers to the shift, encouraged by the British, from growing food crops for local needs to cultivating cash crops like indigo and cotton for commercial profit. This change aimed to benefit the British economy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between traditional agricultural practices and the British-introduced commercial farming, highlighting the shift in purpose and crops.

Question 3.Economic Policy of British :
Answer:
1. Capitalist economy prevailed in England due to the Industrial Revolution.
2. This system was brought to India to nurture the British economy.
3. It resulted in the economic gains for England but exploitation and impoverishment of India.
In simple words: The British economic policy in India was driven by England's capitalist economy, aiming to use India's resources and markets to benefit Britain, which led to India's economic exploitation and impoverishment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the primary objective of British economic policy – to serve British interests – and its direct impact on India's economy.

3. Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

Question 1.Farmers in India became bankrupt.
Answer:The British made number of changes in the existing system to increase the revenue.
1. The payment of revenue was made compulsory in cash and within the prescribed time limit.
2. Land was confiscated if the revenue was not paid in time.
3. The land revenue collection differed from place to place which resulted in the exploitation of the farmers.
4. Farmers were forced to sell their produce to the merchants and middlemen at a low price in order to pay revenue.
5. Farmers mortgaged land to pay tax and became indebted to moneylenders. In this way, the farmers became bankrupt in India.
In simple words: British land revenue policies forced farmers to pay taxes in cash by strict deadlines, leading to land confiscation, distress sales of produce at low prices, and heavy debt to moneylenders, ultimately causing widespread bankruptcy among Indian farmers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining reasons, list specific British policies or changes that directly led to the outcome, such as cash payments, strict deadlines, and land confiscation.

Question 2.There was decline of traditional industries in India.
Answer:
1. The British government levied heavy duty on the goods exported from India to England.
2. The goods imported from England were produced in factories on a large scale and at minimum cost.
3. The duty levied on them by British was far too less.
4. So, these goods were cheap as compared to traditional goods.
5. The Indian artisans found it difficult to compete with low priced British goods.
6. Eventually, this led to closing down of traditional industries in India.
In simple words: Indian traditional industries declined because British policies imposed high duties on Indian exports while allowing cheap, mass-produced British goods into India with low duties. This unfair competition, coupled with the inability of Indian artisans to match the low prices, ultimately led to the closure of many traditional Indian industries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the dual impact of British policies – high tariffs on Indian goods and low tariffs on British imports – to explain the decline of local industries.

4. Complete The Following Table:

Question.

Person	Work
Lord Cornwallis	..............
..............	Passed Sati Prohibition Act
Lord Dalhousie	..............
..............	Established 'Asiatic Society of Bengal'

Answer:

Person	Work
Lord Cornwallis	Introduced Civil Services
Lord William Bentinck	Passed Sati Prohibition Act
Lord Dalhousie	Introduced Doctrine of Lapse
William Jones	Established 'Asiatic Society of Bengal'

In simple words: This table maps prominent British figures to their key contributions or reforms during their time in India, covering administrative, social, and cultural impacts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on accurately associating each historical figure with their most significant reforms or contributions to ensure correct table completion.

Do You Know?

Work Done By Chhatrapati Pratapsingh:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र छत्रपति प्रतापसिंह का एक स्पष्ट अर्ध-प्रतिमा चित्र है। इसमें उन्हें पारंपरिक भारतीय परिधान और पगड़ी पहने हुए, मूंछों के साथ दिखाया गया है। चित्र उनके ऊपरी शरीर और चेहरे पर केंद्रित है। Chhatrapati Pratapsingh
1. Water tank was built by him on the back side of Yevteshwar temple and Mahadara which supplied water to Satara city.
2. He built roads and planted trees on both the sides.
3. Sanskrit, Marathi and English was taught to girls and boys in schools built by him.
4. Printing press was set up and many books were published.
5. A book titled 'Sabhaniti' was printed on polity in 1827.
6. A road connecting Satara - Mahabaleshwar - Pratapgad was built by him which was further extended to Mahad.aqs
In simple words: Chhatrapati Pratapsingh was a progressive ruler who focused on public welfare by building infrastructure like water tanks and roads, promoting education in multiple languages, and establishing a printing press for publishing books.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing contributions of a historical figure, try to categorize them (e.g., infrastructure, education, social reforms) for better organization and recall.

Project:

Prepare detailed information with pictures about the development by British in administration, education, transport and communication in India.

Class 8 History Chapter 3 Effects Of British Rule Additional Important Questions And Answers

Rewrite The Statements By Choosing The Appropriate Options:

Question 1............... was the main centre of British in western India.
(a) Surat
(b) Cochin
(c) Goa
(d) Mumbai
Answer: (d) Mumbai
In simple words: Mumbai emerged as the primary hub for British activities and influence in the western region of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key geographical locations that served as administrative or trade centers for the British in different parts of India.

Question 2.With the treaty of ................ in 1782 the first Anglo-Maratha war came to an end.
(a) Wadgaon
(b) Vasai
(c) Salbai
(d) Ahmednagar
Answer: (c) Salbai
In simple words: The First Anglo-Maratha War concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the names and years of significant treaties that ended major conflicts, as they are key historical markers.

Question 3.In 1848, Lord Dalhousie rejected the adoption policy and annexed the state of ............ .
(a) Pune
(b) Kolhapur
(c) Sangli
(d) Satara
Answer: (d) Satara
In simple words: Lord Dalhousie, under his controversial Doctrine of Lapse, annexed the state of Satara in 1848 by rejecting its right to adopt an heir.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the Doctrine of Lapse and be able to recall prominent states that were annexed under this policy.

Question 4.A committee was set up to create a Code of Law, under the leadership of ................
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord Macaulay
(c) Lord Warren Hastings
(d) Lord Robert Clive
Answer: (b) Lord Macaulay
In simple words: Lord Macaulay headed the committee responsible for drafting a comprehensive Code of Law in British India, which later formed the basis of the Indian Penal Code.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect significant legal reforms and codes with the key individuals responsible for their initiation or development.

Question 5............... started the first textile mill in 1853 at Mumbai.
(a) Jamshedji Tata
(b) Ratan Tata
(c) Kawasjee Nanabhoy Davar
(d) Jamshedji Jeejibhoy
Answer: (c) Kawasjee Nanabhoy Davar
In simple words: Kawasjee Nanabhoy Davar is credited with establishing India's first modern textile mill in Mumbai in 1853.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the pioneers of modern industries in India and the year/location of their foundational ventures.

Question 6.The first jute mill was set up at .............. in Bengal.
(a) Kolkata
(b) Rishra
(c) Hooghli
(d) Dhakka
Answer: (b) Rishra
In simple words: The first jute mill in India was established in Rishra, Bengal, marking the beginning of the jute industry.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the locations of the first establishments of various industries, especially those that were significant during the British period.

Question 7.The territory under the control of the English was divided into ............ for the convenience of administration.
(a) Subhas
(b) districts
(c) Paraganas
(d) mahajanpadas
Answer: (b) districts
In simple words: For administrative efficiency, the British divided their controlled territories into districts, each overseen by a Collector.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the basic administrative units established by the British for effective governance.

Question 8.The process of giving stress on cultivation of cash crops instead of food grains is known as .............. of agriculture.
(a) Commercialisation
(b) Liberalisation
(c) Globalisation
(d) Rotation
Answer: (a) Commercialisation
In simple words: The policy of prioritizing the growth of cash crops over food grains for market profit is termed Commercialisation of Agriculture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define key economic terms accurately, especially those related to British agricultural policies and their impact.

Question 9............... wrote the book 'Sabhaniti' in 1827.
(a) Bajirao II
(b) Rango Bapuji Gupte
(c) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
(d) Chhatrapati Pratapsingh
Answer: (d) Chhatrapati Pratapsingh
In simple words: Chhatrapati Pratapsingh authored the book 'Sabhaniti' in 1827, which was a significant work on polity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important literary works and their authors from the period to show a broader understanding of cultural contributions.

Question 10.A German thinker .............. was a devout scholar of Indian religion, language and history.
(a) Max Mueller
(b) Lord Macaulay
(c) John Stuart Elphistone
(d) William Jones
Answer: (a) Max Mueller
In simple words: Max Mueller, a renowned German Indologist, dedicated his life to studying and promoting Indian religion, language, and history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize key European scholars who contributed to the study and understanding of Indian culture and history.

Name The Following:

Question 1.He started Subsidiary Alliance.
Answer: Lord Wellesley
In simple words: Lord Wellesley was the Governor-General of India who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance system to expand British control.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link major policies and systems directly to the British Governor-General responsible for their implementation.

Question 2.First Governor General according to the Regulating Act.
Answer: Lord Warren Hastings
In simple words: Lord Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of Bengal as per the Regulating Act of 1773.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the first incumbents of significant British administrative positions and the acts that defined them.

Question 3.He started Dual Government system in Bengal.
Answer: Robert Clive
In simple words: Robert Clive initiated the Dual Government system in Bengal, dividing administrative powers between the Company and the Nawab.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the key architects of early British governance systems in India, like the Dual Government.

Question 4.Recommended English education in India.
Answer: Lord Macaulay
In simple words: Lord Macaulay strongly advocated for the introduction of English education in India, believing it would create a class of Indians loyal to the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect influential recommendations on education to the figures who proposed them, understanding their long-term impact.

Question 5.Loyal officer of Chhatrapati Pratapsingh.
Answer: Rango Bapuji Gupte.
In simple words: Rango Bapuji Gupte was a devoted officer of Chhatrapati Pratapsingh, known for his loyalty and service.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognizing important supporting figures associated with prominent rulers can add depth to your historical knowledge.

Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence Each:

Question 1.How were the officers in administrative services appointed?
Answer: The officers in the administrative services were appointed through competitive examination known as Indian Civil Services (ICS).
In simple words: Officers for administrative services were selected through the Indian Civil Services (ICS) competitive examinations.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the specific method of appointment for civil services during the British era clearly.

Question 2.Which principle was introduced by the British in the administration of Justice?
Answer: The British introduced the principle of 'equality before law' in the administration of justice all over British India.
In simple words: The British introduced the principle of 'equality before law' in their judicial administration across India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify core principles of British legal reforms, such as 'equality before law', and understand their theoretical implications.

Question 3.Which factors hindered the growth of new industries in India?
Answer: The growth of new industries in India was hindered by the lack of British support, capital and experience of management.
In simple words: New Indian industries struggled due to insufficient British support, lack of investment capital, and limited management expertise.

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific disadvantages or obstacles faced by Indian industrial development under British rule.

Question 4.Which cash crops were encouraged by the British Government?
Answer: The British Government gave more encouragement to cash crops like cotton, indigo, tobacco, tea, etc.
In simple words: The British government promoted the cultivation of cash crops such as cotton, indigo, tobacco, and tea.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to name specific cash crops favored by the British for their economic benefits to Britain.

Question 5.Where were the universities established in 1857?
Answer: The universities were established in Mumbai, Kolkata and Madras (Chennai) in 1857.
In simple words: In 1857, universities were founded in the major cities of Mumbai, Kolkata, and Madras (now Chennai).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the founding year and locations of the first modern universities in British India.

Question 6.What was the effect of development of modern means of transport and communication ?
Answer: The development of modern means of transport and communication helped to improve communication between the people and strengthened their sense of unity between Indians.
In simple words: Modern transport and communication systems improved connectivity among Indians, fostering a greater sense of unity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the dual impact of British infrastructure development – serving British interests while inadvertently aiding Indian nationalism.

Question 7.Which values shaped the new era in the 19th century Europe?
Answer: The new era in the 19th century Europe was shaped on the values humanitarianism, democracy, nationalism and liberalism.
In simple words: Nineteenth-century Europe was defined by the emergent values of humanitarianism, democracy, nationalism, and liberalism.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the major philosophical and political values that characterized European thought in the 19th century.

Do As Directed:

1. Complete The Concept Map:

Question 1.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक कॉन्सेप्ट मैप है जो भारत में यूरोपीय शक्तियों को दर्शाता है। इसमें "The European powers in India" नामक एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स है जिसके साथ दो खाली बॉक्स तीरों से जुड़े हुए हैं, जो दो यूरोपीय शक्तियों के नाम भरने का संकेत देते हैं।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक कॉन्सेप्ट मैप है जो भारत में मौजूद चार प्रमुख यूरोपीय शक्तियों को दर्शाता है: पुर्तगाली, डच, फ्रेंच और ब्रिटिश, ये सभी "The European powers in India" के केंद्रीय अवधारणा से जुड़े हुए हैं।

		Portuguese		Dutch
French		The European powers in India		British

In simple words: The concept map illustrates the four main European powers—Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British—that established their presence in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure all major European powers involved in India's colonial history are correctly identified and placed in the concept map.

Question 2.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक कॉन्सेप्ट मैप है जो "Pillars of British administration" को दर्शाता है। इसमें "Pillars of British administration" नामक एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स है जिसके साथ चार खाली बॉक्स तीरों से जुड़े हुए हैं, जो इन स्तंभों के नाम भरने का संकेत देते हैं।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक कॉन्सेप्ट मैप है जो "Pillars of British administration" के चार मुख्य स्तंभों को दर्शाता है: The Civil Service, Military, Police, और Judiciary, ये सभी केंद्रीय अवधारणा से जुड़े हुए हैं।

		The Civil Service
Pillars of British administration		Military
		Police
		Judiciary

In simple words: The concept map shows that the British administration in India rested on four main pillars: Civil Services, Military, Police, and Judiciary.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately list the core components that formed the structural foundation of British governance in India.

Question 3.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक कॉन्सेप्ट मैप है जो "Responsibilities of the District Collector during British rule" को दर्शाता है। इसमें "Responsibilities of the District Collector during British rule" नामक एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स है जिसके साथ चार खाली बॉक्स तीरों से जुड़े हुए हैं, जो विशिष्ट कर्तव्यों को भरने का संकेत देते हैं।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक कॉन्सेप्ट मैप है जो ब्रिटिश शासन के दौरान जिला कलेक्टर की जिम्मेदारियों को विस्तृत करता है, जिसमें शामिल हैं: भूमि राजस्व का संग्रह, न्याय का प्रशासन, कानून और व्यवस्था का रखरखाव, और जिला प्रशासन का प्रमुख होना।

Collection of land revenue		Administration of Justice
	Responsibilities of the District Collector during British rule
Maintenance of law and order		Head of District administration

In simple words: The District Collector under British rule had multiple responsibilities including collecting land revenue, administering justice, maintaining law and order, and heading district administration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Enumerate the various duties of the District Collector, understanding their central role in the British administrative structure.

Question 4.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक कॉन्सेप्ट मैप है जो "Modern means of transport and communication introduced by the British" को दर्शाता है। इसमें इस अवधारणा के साथ एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स है और तीन खाली बॉक्स तीरों से जुड़े हुए हैं, जो विशिष्ट आधुनिक साधनों को भरने का संकेत देते हैं।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक कॉन्सेप्ट मैप है जो ब्रिटिश द्वारा शुरू किए गए परिवहन और संचार के आधुनिक साधनों को दर्शाता है: रेलवे, टेलीग्राफ प्रणाली, और डाक प्रणाली, ये सभी केंद्रीय अवधारणा से जुड़े हुए हैं।

Modern means of transport and communication introduced by the British		Railway
		Telegraph system
		Postal system

In simple words: The British introduced modern transport and communication systems in India, specifically railways, telegraph, and postal services.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the key innovations in transport and communication that the British brought to India and their initial forms.

2. Complete The Following Table:

Question 1.

Person	Work
Lord Cornwallis	..............
..............	Passed Sati Prohibition Act.
Lord Dalhousie	..............
..............	Established 'Asiatic Society of Bengal'.

Answer:

Person	Work
Lord Cornwallis	Introduced the Civil Services in India.
Lord William Bentinck	Passed Sati Prohibition Act.
Lord Dalhousie	Rejected adoption policy and annexed Indian states.
William Jones	Established 'Asiatic Society of Bengal'.

In simple words: This table correctly matches important British administrators and scholars with their significant contributions or reforms in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing tables of historical figures and their works, double-check names and specific contributions to ensure accuracy.

3. Complete The Timeline:

 

Question 1. Dual Government :
Answer:1. The British East India Company in order to consolidate rule introduced new system of governance in India known as Dual Government. 2. It was introduced by Robert Clive in Bengal in 1765 wherein the East India Company took over the revenue collection. The maintenance of law and order was the responsibility of the Nawab of Bengal.
In simple words: Dual Government was a system introduced by the British East India Company in Bengal in 1765, where the Company collected revenue, and the Nawab was responsible for law and order, allowing the British to control finances without administrative burden.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the division of power and responsibility in the Dual Government system is crucial for explaining its early impact on Indian administration.

 

Question 1. What were the conditions laid in Subsidiary Alliance?
Answer:Lord Wellesley signed Subsidiary Alliance with many Indian rulers in 1798. Its conditions were - 1. Indian rulers should keep the British army in their Court. 2. They have to pay the company towards the maintenance of these forces in cash or a part of their territory of equivalent amount of revenue. 3. Without the intervention of the British, they would not have any alliance or declare war with any power. 4. They should keep the British resident in their court.
In simple words: The Subsidiary Alliance required Indian rulers to host British armies, pay for their upkeep, refrain from external alliances or wars without British consent, and accept a British resident in their court, essentially ceding sovereignty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the four core conditions of the Subsidiary Alliance as they highlight how British control was gradually imposed over princely states.

 

Question 2. What were the provisions in Regulating Act of 1773?
Answer:According to Regulating Act of 1773: 1. The Governor of Bengal was designated as the Governor General. Lord Warren Hastings became the first Governor General of India. 2. It gave the Governor General controlling powers over the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. 3. It provided a committee of four members to assist the Governor General.
In simple words: The Regulating Act of 1773 made the Governor of Bengal the Governor General of India, giving him control over other presidencies and establishing a four-member committee to assist him.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Lord Warren Hastings as the first Governor General and the establishment of the committee, as these are key administrative changes of the Regulating Act.

 

Question 3. Write about the Pitt's India Act of 1784.
Answer:1. The Pitt's India Act of 1784 established a permanent Board of Control to regulate and manage administration of Company in India. 2. The Board was authorized to issue directives to the Company regarding the governance of India.
In simple words: Pitt's India Act of 1784 created a Board of Control in Britain to oversee the East India Company's administration in India, giving the British government greater authority over Indian affairs.

🎯 Exam Tip: The creation of the Board of Control is the most important aspect of Pitt's India Act, signifying increased parliamentary supervision over the Company.

 

Question 4. Write about the Judicial system introduced by the British in India.
Answer:1. The new Judicial system was introduced in India on the basis of the Judicial system in England. 2. Accordingly, each district had a Civil and Criminal Court for the respective cases. 3. High Courts were established to reconsider the judgements delivered by the District courts.
In simple words: The British introduced a judicial system in India modeled after England's, establishing Civil and Criminal Courts in each district and High Courts to review their decisions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the tiered structure of the British judicial system-district courts for initial cases and High Courts for appeals-to demonstrate its organizational framework.

 

Question 5. What were the functions of the military?
Answer:1. The functions of the military were to defend the Indian territories under the control of the British. 2. It was expected to acquire new territories and quell any uprising/revolt against the British India.
In simple words: The British military in India primarily defended existing territories, expanded new ones, and suppressed any rebellions against British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the dual role of the military: defense and expansion, as well as maintaining internal control, for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 6. What were the defects in the British Judicial System?
Answer:The defects in the British Judicial System were as follows - 1. There were different laws and separate courts for the Europeans. 2. It was difficult for the Common people to understand the new laws. 3. It was very expensive to fight a legal case. 4. The cases got delayed and remained pending for years.
In simple words: The British Judicial System had flaws like separate laws for Europeans, complex procedures hard for common people to understand, high costs, and significant delays in resolving cases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the lack of equality, complexity, and inefficiency (cost and delays) as the primary defects in the British Judicial System.

 

Question 7. What reforms were introduced in the Judicial System by the British in India?
Answer:1. In the pre-British period, laws were different from place to place. 2. There was difference in judgement on the basis of casteism. 3. A committee was set up to create a uniform code of law under the leadership of Lord Macaulay. 4. The Indian Penal Code was enforced all over British India with British principle of Equality before Law.
In simple words: The British reformed the judicial system by establishing a uniform code of law under Lord Macaulay, replacing varied local laws and caste-based judgments with the principle of equality before law across British India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlighting Lord Macaulay's role in creating a uniform Indian Penal Code and the introduction of 'Equality before Law' are key points for this answer.

 

Question 8. Write about introduction of the English education system?
Answer:1. The British were in need of Indians who had received English education in order to run the administration. 2. English education was imparted in India according to the recommendations of Lord Macaulay in 1835. 3. Indians were introduced to western thoughts, modem reforms, science and technology. 4. They realised the need to study their history, culture, religions and also realised the drawbacks. 5. The western educated Indian middle class was responsible for initiating social reforms in later period.
In simple words: English education was introduced in India based on Lord Macaulay's 1835 recommendations, primarily to create administrative staff and expose Indians to Western thought, eventually leading to social reform movements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning Lord Macaulay's recommendations in 1835 and the dual impact-administrative convenience for the British and exposure to Western ideas for Indians-is crucial.

 

Question 1. Britishers entered into Maratha politics.
Answer:1. Marathas had a strong hold on the areas in and around Mumbai which was prime centre of British in western India. 2. British tried to acquire nearby territories but the Marathas checked their expansion. 3. It was only after the death of Peshwa Madhavrao, that they got entry in Maratha politics. Raghunathrao in his greed for Peshwaship sought their help. This led to the entry of the British in Maratha politics.
In simple words: The British entered Maratha politics due to their ambition for territorial expansion around Mumbai, which Marathas initially resisted. However, Raghunathrao's plea for help to gain Peshwaship after Madhavrao's death provided the British an opportunity to interfere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connecting British territorial ambitions, Maratha resistance, and Raghunathrao's request for help as key reasons for British entry into Maratha politics is important.

 

Question 2. The British Parliament introduced some laws to keep control over the affairs of the company.
Answer:1. The 'Dual Government' system was introduced by Robert Clive in Bengal in 1765. 2. But, sometimes, the officers of the company pocketed money. 3. As monopoly of trade was given to East India Company, many trading companies in England envied them. 4. The working system of the company was criticised in the British Parliament. So, to keep control on the affairs of the company, the British Parliament introduced some laws.
In simple words: The British Parliament introduced laws to control the East India Company because its officers were enriching themselves, other trading companies resented its monopoly, and its administration was criticized, necessitating parliamentary oversight.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the corruption of company officials, the trade monopoly, and parliamentary criticism as the main drivers for legislative intervention by the British Parliament.

 

Question 3. Salary of company officers were increased.
Answer:1. Lord Cornwallis introduced bureaucracy in India to strengthen the British rule in India. 2. He restricted the private trade carried out by the company officers. For this reason, he increased the salary of the company officers.
In simple words: Lord Cornwallis increased the salaries of company officers to curb corruption from private trade, aiming to establish a stronger and more ethical British bureaucracy in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the salary increase directly to Lord Cornwallis's efforts to restrict private trade and strengthen British administration, showing cause and effect.

 

Question 1. Give an account of the Anglo- Maratha war.
Answer:1. Raghunathrao in his greed for the seat of Peshwa sought help of the British which facilitated their entry into Maratha politics. 2. Three wars were fought between Marathas and the British between 1774 to 1818. 3. As the Marathas fought unitedly, the Britishers were defeated in the first Anglo- Maratha War in 1782. 4. In 1802, Bajirao II entered into Subsidiary Alliance with the British known as the Treaty of Vasai. 5. The second Anglo-Maratha War took place as some Maratha Sardars opposed this treaty. 6. Marathas were defeated in the second Anglo-Maratha War. 7. The defeat of the Marathas led to the increase in interference of the British in the Maratha state. 8. Bajirao II declared war against the British as he could not tolerate their interference. 9. He lost the war and surrendered to the British in 1818.
In simple words: The Anglo-Maratha wars, spanning 1774-1818, began with Raghunathrao seeking British aid, leading to three major conflicts. The Marathas won the first, but internal divisions and Bajirao II's Subsidiary Alliance (Treaty of Vasai) led to their defeat in the second and third wars, ending Maratha power and increasing British dominance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the progression of all three Anglo-Maratha wars, including key figures like Raghunathrao and Bajirao II, and the significance of the Treaty of Vasai to score well.

 

Question 2. Write about the public work done by Chhatrapati Pratapsingh.
Answer:Chhatrapati Pratapsingh did the following public work - 1. Water tank was built by him on the back side of Yevteshwar temple and Mahadara which supplied water to Satara city. 2. He built roads and planted trees on both the sides. 3. Sanskrit, Marathi and English was taught to girls and boys in schools built by him. 4. Printing press was set up and many books were published. 5. A book titled 'Sabhaniti' was printed on polity in 1827. 6. A road connecting Satara - Mahabaleshwar - Pratapgad was built by him. This road was further extended to Mahad.
In simple words: Chhatrapati Pratapsingh undertook extensive public works, including building water tanks for Satara, constructing roads and planting trees, establishing schools for both genders to teach Sanskrit, Marathi, and English, setting up a printing press, publishing books like 'Sabhaniti', and developing significant road infrastructure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize Chhatrapati Pratapsingh's contributions into infrastructure (water, roads), education (schools, languages), and publishing (printing press, 'Sabhaniti') for a structured and complete answer.

 

Question 3. Compare the Land Revenue Policy in the pre-British period and during the British period.
Answer:

Land Revenue Policy in the pre-British period	Land Revenue Policy during the British period
1. Land revenue was assessed according to the condition of the crop.	Revenue was collected on the basis of area.
2. Revenue was collected in the form of grains.	Payment of revenue was compulsory in cash and within the prescribed time limit.
3. It was waived if the crop failed.	Land was confiscated for the failure to pay revenue on time.
4. The system of collection of revenue was same.	The system of collection differed from region to region. Farmers were exploited.

In simple words: Pre-British land revenue was flexible, based on crop condition, collected in grains, and waived during crop failure, with a uniform collection system. British policy, however, was rigid, based on land area, demanded cash within strict deadlines, led to confiscation for non-payment, and varied by region, resulting in severe farmer exploitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly delineate the differences in assessment, mode of payment, flexibility during crop failure, and consistency of collection between the two periods, highlighting the increased burden under British rule.

 

Question 4. How did the British administrative system benefit India?
Answer:There were many benefits of British administrative system in India. 1. The British introduced railways in India. 2. Telegraph system connected major cities and military stations got connected. 3. Postal system was also introduced. 4. These improved communication generated a sense of unity among the people of India. 5. Coal, metal, sugar, cement and chemical industries also developed gradually. 6. The western educated Indians learnt the values of humanism, rationalism, democracy, nationalism and liberalism. 7. Indians felt the need to study Indian history, religion and traditions. 8. Universities were established at Kolkata, Mumbai and Madras (Chennai). 9. The newly educated Indian led the social reform movement in later period.
In simple words: The British administrative system brought benefits like modern infrastructure (railways, telegraph, postal services) fostering unity, industrial development, and the introduction of Western education. This education instilled values of humanism, rationalism, democracy, and liberalism, leading to social reform movements and a re-evaluation of Indian history and traditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on infrastructure development, spread of Western education and its intellectual impact (humanism, rationalism), and the rise of social reform movements as key benefits.

 

Question 5. According to you, what were the two positive and two negative effects of British rule on India?
Answer:The positive effects were - - English education laid the foundation of future progress in India. - Indian adopted the principles of freedom, equality and humanity. The negative effects were - - The British policy of 'Divide and Rule' deepened its roots. - Regional languages got neglected as English got importance.
In simple words: Positive effects of British rule included the introduction of English education, which facilitated progress, and the adoption of principles like freedom and equality. Negative effects involved the entrenchment of the 'Divide and Rule' policy and the neglect of regional languages due to the dominance of English.

🎯 Exam Tip: For this type of question, ensure you provide distinct and well-justified points for both positive and negative effects, demonstrating a balanced understanding of British rule's impact.