Maharashtra Board Class 7 Civics Chapter 5 Fundamental Rights Part 2 Solutions

1. Write about the following:

Question 1. The Constitution prevents the imposition of religious taxes.
Answer:

• State cannot impose religious taxes that might be used to encourage a particular religion. That is, our Constitution forbids religious taxes.
• This is done in order to broaden the scope of religious freedom.

In simple words: The Constitution prohibits religious taxes to prevent the state from endorsing any particular religion and to expand religious freedom for all citizens.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the rationale behind constitutional provisions is key; here, the focus is on religious neutrality and freedom.

Question 2. What is meant by Right to Constitutional Remedies?
Answer:

• In case of encroachment of Fundamental Rights, the Indian citizens have the right to get judicial remedies is also a fundamental right.
• This is called the Right to Constitutional Remedies.
• This means providing legal remedies in case people's rights get violated.
• So, it becomes a Constitutional duty of the courts to protect the rights of the people.

In simple words: The Right to Constitutional Remedies allows Indian citizens to seek legal action from courts if their Fundamental Rights are violated, making it a constitutional duty of the courts to protect these rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: This right is crucial as it makes other fundamental rights enforceable, ensuring justice and protection for individuals.

2. Find one appropriate word:

Question 1. Protection from illegal arrest and detention.
Answer: Habeas Corpus
In simple words: Habeas Corpus is a legal writ that ensures a person illegally detained can be brought before a court for release.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the specific writs and their purposes is essential for understanding constitutional remedies.

Question 2. To restrain a person from acting in an office to which he is not entitled.
Answer: Quo Warranto
In simple words: Quo Warranto is a writ used to challenge the legal authority of a person holding a public office, ensuring they are rightfully appointed.

🎯 Exam Tip: This writ protects against illegal usurpation of public offices, maintaining accountability in governance.

Question 3. The order of the Supreme Court or the High Court commanding the government to perform an action that is its duty to perform.
Answer: Mandamus
In simple words: Mandamus is a court order compelling a government body or public authority to perform a specific legal duty it has failed to execute.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mandamus ensures that public officials and bodies perform their mandatory duties, upholding public service and legal obligations.

Question 4. The order preventing a Subordinate Court from exceeding its jurisdiction.
Answer: Prohibition.
In simple words: Prohibition is a writ issued by a higher court to a lower court, preventing it from hearing a case that is outside its legal jurisdiction.

🎯 Exam Tip: This writ is important for maintaining the hierarchical structure and jurisdictional boundaries of the judiciary.

3. State the reason why we are free to practise the following:

Question 1. All Indian citizens can celebrate all festivals joyfully, because
Answer:

• In India, we have a great diversity of festivals. Our Constitution has given the different communities the right to preserve their cultural uniqueness.
• This is guaranteed by our Constitution by giving the citizens the Right to Freedom of Religion.
• So we are free to celebrate all festivals joyfully.

In simple words: Indian citizens can celebrate all festivals joyfully because the Constitution, through the Right to Freedom of Religion, guarantees all communities the right to preserve their unique cultural practices and traditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Right to Freedom of Religion highlights India's secular nature and its commitment to protecting diverse cultural practices.

Question 2. We can make efforts towards the preservation and propagation of our language, its script and literature, because...
Answer:

• Cultural and Educational Rights in our Constitution gives the communities the right to preserve their cultural uniqueness.
• So we are free to make efforts towards preservation and propagation our language, its script and literature

In simple words: We can preserve our language, script, and literature because the Cultural and Educational Rights in the Constitution grant communities the right to maintain their unique cultural identity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Cultural and Educational Rights are vital for protecting the linguistic and cultural diversity of the nation.

4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

Question 1. We can approach the __________ in case of infringement of our rights (Court, Police, Government)
Answer: Court
In simple words: When our rights are violated, we can seek legal recourse by approaching the Court.

🎯 Exam Tip: The judiciary is the ultimate guardian of fundamental rights, providing a mechanism for redressal.

Question 2. __________ education cannot be made compulsory in educational institutions that get aid from the state. (Political, Religious, Racial)
Answer: Religious
In simple words: Religious education cannot be forced upon students in state-aided educational institutions to maintain secularism and freedom of belief.

🎯 Exam Tip: This provision underscores the secular nature of the Indian state, ensuring no state-supported institution promotes a specific religion.

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1. __________ right provides freedom to establish institutions for religious reasons. (Right to Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Constitutional remedies)
Answer: Right to Religion
In simple words: The Right to Religion guarantees individuals the freedom to establish and manage institutions for religious purposes.

🎯 Exam Tip: This right is crucial for religious communities to practice and propagate their faith effectively.

Question 2. __________ is the right which gives people freedom to preserve their own language, script and literature. (Right to Freedom of Religion, Right to Equality, Cultural and Educational Rights)
Answer: Cultural and Educational Rights
In simple words: Cultural and Educational Rights empower communities to protect and promote their distinct language, script, and literature.

🎯 Exam Tip: These rights are fundamental for maintaining India's rich linguistic and cultural diversity.

Question 3. Sometimes the rights that are guaranteed to us by the Constitution may get encroached upon and we are not able to exercise our rights and this is called __________. (violation of our rights, infringement of our rights, deprivation of our rights)
Answer: infringement of our rights
In simple words: When our constitutionally guaranteed rights are encroached upon, preventing us from exercising them, it is known as an infringement of rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the term "infringement" is important for identifying when fundamental rights are being violated.

Question 4. The writ which ensures protection from unlawful arrest and detention is __________. (Mandamus, Certiorari, Habeas Corpus)
Answer: Habeas Corpus
In simple words: Habeas Corpus is the writ that provides legal protection against unlawful arrest and ensures a person is presented before a court.

🎯 Exam Tip: This writ is a vital safeguard of personal liberty, preventing arbitrary detentions by the state.

Question 5. The writ which prevents a subordinate court from exceeding its jurisdiction is __________. (Prohibition, Quo Warranto, Certiorari)
Answer: Prohibition
In simple words: The writ of Prohibition is used to stop a lower court from acting beyond its legal authority or jurisdiction.

🎯 Exam Tip: Prohibition helps maintain judicial discipline and ensures that courts operate within their defined legal boundaries.

Question 6. The writ which restrains a person from acting in an office to which he is not entitled is __________. (Prohibition, Quo Warranto, Mandamus)
Answer: Quo Warranto
In simple words: Quo Warranto is a writ that legally challenges the right of a person to hold a public office, ensuring proper appointment.

🎯 Exam Tip: This writ is essential for upholding legality in public appointments and preventing unauthorized individuals from exercising public powers.

Question 7. The writ which orders removal of a lawsuit from a subordinate court to superior court is __________. (Habeas corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari)
Answer: Certiorari
In simple words: Certiorari is a writ issued by a superior court to a lower court to review the latter's decision or to transfer a case for re-examination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Certiorari ensures justice by allowing higher courts to correct errors or abuses of power by lower judicial bodies.

Question 8. There are __________ protection available for judicial rights. (judicial, religious, educational)
Answer: judicial
In simple words: Judicial protection is available for rights, meaning courts safeguard citizens' entitlements through legal processes.

🎯 Exam Tip: The availability of judicial protection highlights the role of the judiciary as the protector of fundamental rights.

Question 9. There are __________ official languages in Indian Constitution. (22, 28, 24)
Answer: 22
In simple words: The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 official languages, reflecting the country's linguistic diversity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the number of official languages is a factual detail often tested regarding the Indian Constitution.

Question 10. While considering fundamental rights, we also need to remember our __________. (duties, belief, self-interest)
Answer: duties
In simple words: Alongside fundamental rights, citizens also have fundamental duties that contribute to the nation's well-being.

🎯 Exam Tip: The balance between rights and duties is a core concept of responsible citizenship, often emphasized in civic education.

Answer in one or two sentence:

Question 1. In which educational institutions is it not allowed to make religious education compulsory?
Answer: Religious education cannot be made compulsory in educational institutions that receives aid from the state.
In simple words: State-aided educational institutions cannot enforce compulsory religious education, ensuring neutrality.

🎯 Exam Tip: This rule upholds the secular principle of the state by preventing forced religious instruction in public-funded schools.

Question 2. In which aspects of social life of our country do we witness diversity?
Answer: We can see that there is a great diversity of festivals, food and ways of life in the social life of our country.
In simple words: India displays diversity in its festivals, culinary traditions, and various lifestyles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognizing India's social diversity is key to understanding its cultural fabric and the need for inclusive rights.

Question 3. Write any one right given to the different communities to preserve their cultural uniqueness.
Answer: The communities can establish institutions for the development of their language.
In simple words: Communities have the right to set up institutions specifically for developing and promoting their language.

🎯 Exam Tip: This highlights the provision of cultural and educational rights that protect and promote the distinct identity of different communities.

Question 4. Which Fundamental Right ensures that there is no encroachment on our Fundamental Rights?
Answer: The Right to Constitutional Remedies is the Fundamental Right which ensures that there is no encroachment on our Fundamental Rights.
In simple words: The Right to Constitutional Remedies safeguards against any infringement of other Fundamental Rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: This right is often called the "heart and soul" of the Constitution as it makes all other rights enforceable.

Question 5. What is called an infringement of our rights?
Answer: Sometimes the rights that are guaranteed to us by the Constitution may get encroached upon and we are not able to exercise our rights. This is called an infringement of our rights.
In simple words: An infringement of rights occurs when our constitutional rights are encroached upon, preventing us from exercising them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the definition of infringement is crucial for identifying when a legal remedy might be needed.

Question 6. What does protection of Fundamental Rights by the courts ensure?
Answer: Protection of Fundamental Rights by courts ensure that the citizens are able to exercise their Fundamental Rights and that they can fulfil their roles as alert, responsible and active citizens.
In simple words: Court protection ensures citizens can exercise their rights and perform their roles as responsible members of society.

🎯 Exam Tip: The judiciary's role in safeguarding rights is vital for a healthy democracy and active citizenry.

State the reason why we are free to practice the following:

Question 1. We can move to court if there is encroachment of Fundamental Rights because....
Answer:
(i) In case of encroachment of Fundamental Rights, the Indian citizens have the right to get judicial remedies.
(ii) The Right to Constitutional Remedies is a Fundamental Right. So we can move the court if there is an encroachment on Fundamental Rights.
In simple words: We can approach the court for infringement of Fundamental Rights because the Right to Constitutional Remedies empowers citizens to seek judicial redressal.

🎯 Exam Tip: This right is the legal mechanism that allows citizens to enforce their fundamental rights effectively.

Write about the following:

Question 1. what is each Indian free to practise?
Answer: According to Right to Freedom of Religion, each Indian citizen is free to practise any religion and to establish institutions for religious reasons.
In simple words: Under the Right to Freedom of Religion, every Indian can practice any religion and establish religious institutions.

🎯 Exam Tip: This right guarantees religious liberty and allows individuals and communities to observe their faith freely.

Question 2. What right has our Constitution given to different communities?
Answer:

• One of our Fundamental Rights is Cultural and Educational Rights.
• Our Constitution has given the different communities the rights to preserve their cultural uniqueness.

In simple words: The Constitution grants communities Cultural and Educational Rights, allowing them to preserve their distinct cultural identity.

🎯 Exam Tip: These rights are vital for protecting India's diverse traditions, languages, and educational practices.

Question 3. What does the court do if there is infringement of our rights?
Answer: The court considers our complaint, investigates it and in case it is convinced that rights have indeed been infringed upon and injustice has been done to the aggrieved individual, the court gives an appropriate verdict.
In simple words: If rights are infringed, the court investigates the complaint and, if proven, issues a verdict to address the injustice.

🎯 Exam Tip: This demonstrates the judiciary's role in dispensing justice and upholding fundamental rights.

Question 4. Give some instances which illustrate the infringement of rights:
Answer: Some instances of infringement of rights are:

• Arresting an individual without reason.
• Preventing a person from leaving a village or a town without giving a valid reason.
• Refusing food, water or medicines to jail inmates.

In simple words: Infringement of rights includes unwarranted arrest, restriction of movement without cause, and denial of basic necessities like food or medicine to prisoners.

🎯 Exam Tip: These examples highlight how basic human rights can be violated and serve as critical reference points for understanding rights protection.

Let's us discuss:

Question 1. How many official languages are listed in the Constitution?
Answer: Currently there are 22 scheduled languages in India.
In simple words: The Indian Constitution officially recognizes 22 languages as scheduled languages.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a key factual detail about India's linguistic diversity and constitutional provisions.

Question 2. Which institutions have been established by the Maharashtra State Government for the further development of the Marathi language?
Answer: Some institutions established by Maharashtra State Government for the further development of Marathi language are:

• Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Nathya Parishad.
• Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad - Pune.
• Rajya Marathi Vikas Sanstha.
• Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Mahamandal.

In simple words: The Maharashtra State Government has established institutions like Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Nathya Parishad and Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad to promote and develop the Marathi language.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing specific state-level initiatives demonstrates an understanding of cultural preservation efforts.

Question 3. Is the reaction of this Government official right or wrong? An officer tells a woman who presents all the documents for getting the benefits of a scheme i for destitutes, “You don't look like a destitute” and refuses her the benefits of the scheme. In this instance, do you think the woman's right has been infringed? Where should she go to get redressal?
Answer:

• The reaction of this government official is incorrect since the woman has presented all the documents pertaining to the scheme.
• This is encroachment of her Fundamental Rights.
• She should move to court and lodge a complaint and seek constitutional remedy for infringement of her rights.

In simple words: The official's action is wrong as it infringes the woman's fundamental rights; she should seek redressal by lodging a complaint in court.

🎯 Exam Tip: This scenario highlights discrimination and the importance of knowing one's rights and avenues for justice against arbitrary actions by officials.

Find out and discuss:
Question 1. How many official languages are listed in the Constitution?
Answer: The Eight schedules of the Constitution consists,of the following 22 languages:
1. Assamese
2. Bengali
3. Gujarati
4. Hindi
5. Kannada
6. Kashmiri
7. Konkani
8. Malayalam
9. Manipuri
10. Marathi
11. Nepali
12. Oriya
13. Punjabi
14. Sanskrit
15. Sindhi
16. Tamil
17. Telugu
18. Urdu
19. Bodo
20. Santhali
21. Maithili
22. Dogri.
In simple words: The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 22 official languages, encompassing a broad spectrum of India's linguistic heritage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remembering the total number of scheduled languages and being familiar with some of them is important for general knowledge and civics.

Question 2. Do you think that all the work of the government and the courts should be done in Marathi in Maharashtra? What should be done to do so?
Answer: Yes, I do think that all the work of the government and courts should be done in Marathi in Maharashtra since Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra To achieve this

• Marathi, as well as non-Marathi speakers working in the government organizations and courts, should be given formal training in Marathi.
• Workshops can be conducted to train people for conversing and corresponding in Marathi.
• What should be done at the school - level

In simple words: Yes, governmental and judicial work in Maharashtra should be conducted in Marathi, its official language, by providing language training and workshops to all personnel.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question explores the practical implementation of official language policies and their impact on administration and education.

Question 3. for the development of your language and culture?
Answer:

• Schools should encourage reading of books written in the respective language.
• School should make students acquainted with different fors of literature.
• School should establish a language club.

In simple words: To develop language and culture, schools should promote reading in native languages, introduce diverse literature, and establish language clubs.

🎯 Exam Tip: This highlights practical steps schools can take to foster linguistic and cultural development among students.