NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths: Chapter 01 Set 1 Geometrical Constructions
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Question 1. Draw line segments of the lengths given below and draw their perpendicular bisectors:
(i) 5.3 cm
(ii) 6.7 cm
(iii) 3.8 cm
Answer:
(i)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में 5.3 सेमी लंबाई का एक रेखाखंड PQ दिखाया गया है। रेखा AB इस रेखाखंड की लंब समद्विभाजक है, जो PQ को बिंदु M पर 90 डिग्री के कोण पर काटती है और उसे दो बराबर भागों में विभाजित करती है।
Line AB is the perpendicular bisector of seg PQ.
(ii)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में 6.7 सेमी लंबाई का एक रेखाखंड ST दिखाया गया है। रेखा UV इस रेखाखंड की लंब समद्विभाजक है, जो ST को बिंदु W पर 90 डिग्री के कोण पर काटती है और उसे दो बराबर भागों में विभाजित करती है।
Line UV is the perpendicular bisector of seg ST.
(iii)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में 3.8 सेमी लंबाई का एक रेखाखंड LM दिखाया गया है। रेखा ST इस रेखाखंड की लंब समद्विभाजक है, जो LM को बिंदु O पर 90 डिग्री के कोण पर काटती है और उसे दो बराबर भागों में विभाजित करती है।
Line ST is the perpendicular bisector of seg LM.
In simple words: A perpendicular bisector is a line that cuts another line segment into two equal halves at a 90-degree angle. To draw it, open a compass to more than half the segment's length, draw arcs from both ends above and below the segment, and connect the intersection points of the arcs.
🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure your compass openings are accurate and arcs are clearly drawn for precise bisection. Use a sharp pencil for clear lines and points of intersection.
Question 2. Draw angles of the measures given below and draw their bisectors:
(i) 105°
(ii) 55°
(iii) 90°
Answer:
(i) 105°
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में 105 डिग्री का कोण ABC दिखाया गया है। किरण BD इस कोण की समद्विभाजक है, जो कोण ABC को दो बराबर भागों में विभाजित करती है, जिससे प्रत्येक भाग 52.5 डिग्री का होता है।
(ii) 55°
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में 55 डिग्री का कोण PQR दिखाया गया है। किरण QS इस कोण की समद्विभाजक है, जो कोण PQR को दो बराबर भागों में विभाजित करती है, जिससे प्रत्येक भाग 27.5 डिग्री का होता है।
(iii) 90°
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में 90 डिग्री का कोण LMN दिखाया गया है। किरण MT इस कोण की समद्विभाजक है, जो कोण LMN को दो बराबर भागों में विभाजित करती है, जिससे प्रत्येक भाग 45 डिग्री का होता है।
In simple words: An angle bisector is a ray that divides an angle into two angles of equal measure. To draw it, place the compass at the vertex, draw an arc across both arms, then from where the arc meets each arm, draw two more arcs inside the angle and connect their intersection to the vertex.
🎯 Exam Tip: Accuracy in measuring the initial angle and drawing the intersecting arcs is crucial for correctly bisecting the angle. Use a protractor carefully.
Question 3. Draw, an obtuse-angled triangle and a right-angled triangle. Find the points of concurrence of the angle bisectors of each triangle. Where do the points of concurrence lie?
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक अधिक कोण त्रिभुज KLM को दर्शाता है, जहाँ कोण K, L और M के कोण समद्विभाजक खींचे गए हैं। ये तीनों समद्विभाजक त्रिभुज के भीतर एक बिंदु 'I' पर प्रतिच्छेद करते हैं, जिसे अंतःकेंद्र (incenter) कहते हैं।
The points of concurrence of the angle bisectors of both the triangles lie in the interior of the triangles.
In simple words: For any triangle, whether obtuse-angled or right-angled, the point where all three angle bisectors meet (called the incenter) always lies inside the triangle.
🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the incenter (point of concurrence of angle bisectors) is always equidistant from the sides of the triangle and always lies inside the triangle.
Question 4. Draw a right-angled triangle. Draw the perpendicular bisectors of its sides. Where does the point of concurrence lie?
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में एक समकोण त्रिभुज ABC दिखाया गया है। इसकी तीनों भुजाओं (AB, BC, CA) की लंब समद्विभाजक खींची गई हैं। ये तीनों लंब समद्विभाजक एक बिंदु 'I' पर प्रतिच्छेद करती हैं, जो त्रिभुज के कर्ण (hypotenuse) BC पर स्थित है।
The point of concurrence of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the right angled triangle lies on the hypotenuse.
In simple words: For a right-angled triangle, the point where the perpendicular bisectors of its sides meet (called the circumcenter) always lies exactly at the midpoint of its hypotenuse.
🎯 Exam Tip: The circumcenter (point of concurrence of perpendicular bisectors) is equidistant from the vertices of the triangle. For a right-angled triangle, it always lies on the hypotenuse.
Question 5. Maithili, Shaila and Ajay live in three different places in the city. A toy shop is equidistant from the three houses. Which geometrical construction should be used to represent this? Explain your answer.
Answer: Since, Maithili, Shaila and Ajay live in three different places, lines joining their houses will form a triangle.
The position of the toy shop which is equidistant from three houses can be found out by drawing the perpendicular bisector of the sides of the triangle joining the three houses.
The shop will be at the point of concurrence of the perpendicular bisectors.
In simple words: To find a point equidistant from three non-collinear points (like the three houses forming a triangle), you need to find the circumcenter of the triangle formed by those points. This is done by drawing the perpendicular bisectors of the sides, and their intersection point is the required location.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the properties of points of concurrence (incenter, circumcenter, centroid, orthocenter) is key to solving real-world geometry problems like this one.
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Chapter 1 Geometrical Constructions Practice Set 1 Intext Questions And Activities
Question 1. Draw a line segment PS of length 4cm and draw its perpendicular bisector. (Textbook pg. no. 1)
1. How will your verify that CD is the perpendicular bisector? m∠CMS = °
2. Is l(PM) = l(SM)?
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में 4 सेमी लंबाई का एक रेखाखंड PS दिखाया गया है। रेखा CD इस रेखाखंड की लंब समद्विभाजक है, जो PS को बिंदु M पर काटती है। बिंदु M रेखाखंड PS का मध्यबिंदु है, और कोण CMS 90 डिग्री का है।
1. Here, m∠CMS = 90°
2. Also, l(PM) = l(SM) = 2cm
.⋅. line CD is the perpendicular bisector of seg PS.
In simple words: To verify if a line is a perpendicular bisector, check two things: first, that it forms a 90-degree angle with the segment it crosses, and second, that it divides the segment into two equal parts.
🎯 Exam Tip: Verification involves both angular and length measurements. Using a protractor to check the 90° angle and a ruler to confirm equal segments (PM = SM) is essential for full marks.
Free MSBSHSE Textbook Explanations: Class 7 Maths Chapter 01 Set 1 Geometrical Constructions
Chapter Exercise Answers for Class 7 Maths
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