Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Part II Chapter 3 Life on Earth PDF Download

Life On Earth

Formation Of The Earth

There are some questions we all wonder about. For example, how did the earth on which we live come to be? When did that happen? Was it always the way we see it today or has it undergone changes? If it has changed, what exactly are those changes?

On the basis of scientific research, it is now believed that around 4.5 billion years ago, an enormous cloud of very hot gases and dust spinning at a great speed was formed in space. Its circular motion and great speed caused it to divide into several portions thus creating the sun and the planets which revolve around the sun. The names of these planets are: 1. Mercury 2. Venus 3. Earth 4. Mars 5. Jupiter 6. Saturn 7. Uranus and 8. Neptune.

Teacher's Note

Our earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago from a big cloud of gas and dust. Just like how a spinning top creates smaller pieces, the sun and planets were created from this spinning cloud.

Exam Trick

Remember the 8 planets in order: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. A simple way is to remember "My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles."

Points To Remember

Earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago from a cloud of hot gases and dust.
The sun and all 8 planets were created from one spinning cloud.
Our earth is the only planet where we know life exists.
The planets orbit around the sun.

Beginning Of Life On The Earth

Among these planets, the earth is the only planet where life is known to exist. After the formation of the earth, it took about 80 crore years for its surface to cool down and for water bodies to be formed on it. It is believed that various kinds of unicellular organisms or living things first appeared in water. They are known as protozoa. Gradually, multicellular living things developed from these unicellular ones. The protozoa are so tiny that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. We need a microscope to see them.

Teacher's Note

Life started in water as very tiny living things called protozoa. Just like how you grow from a baby to a big person, life on earth also grew from tiny single cell creatures to big plants and animals.

Exam Trick

Remember: Protozoa are so small you need a microscope to see them. They are the first living things that appeared in water, like invisible seeds of life.

Points To Remember

It took 80 crore years for the earth to cool down after it was formed.
The first living things appeared in water.
These first living things were called protozoa.
Protozoa are so small they cannot be seen without a microscope.
Multicellular living things later developed from protozoa.

The Animal World On The Earth

The living world on the earth consists of plants and animals. Here we shall take into account the animal world. The following are some of the main characteristics of animals:

1. Animals breathe.

2. Animals move in order to get food or for other purposes.

3. Animals of some species lay eggs and their young ones are born out of eggs. Animals of some other species give birth to their young ones.

Teacher's Note

Animals have three main things in common: they breathe, they move, and they give birth or lay eggs. Just like you breathe air and move around to play, all animals do the same thing.

Exam Trick

Remember the three key things about animals: Breathe, Move, and Reproduce (eggs or babies). These three help us identify any living thing as an animal.

Points To Remember

All animals breathe air or get oxygen in water.
All animals can move from one place to another.
Some animals lay eggs and some give birth to babies.
Animals need to move to find food and water.
The animal world has many different types of creatures.

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