Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Part 2 Chapter 2 History and the Concept of Time Solutions

5th Standard EVS 2 Lesson Number 2 Question Answer History And The Concept Of 'Time' Maharashtra Board

Std 5 EVS 2 Chapter 2 Question Answer

1. Fill In The Blank.

 

Question a. The calendar we use today is based on the ________.
Answer: The calendar that we use today is based on the Common Era/Christian Era. This system helps us organize historical events chronologically.
In simple words: Our current calendar uses the Common Era or Christian Era as its starting point for counting years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the Common Era (CE) and Christian Era (AD) refer to the same timeline, starting from the approximate birth of Jesus Christ.

 

Question b. The period before the Common Era is known as the time ________.
Answer: The period before Common Era or Christian Era is known as the Before Christ (BC). This historical designation helps us understand ancient timelines.
In simple words: The time before the Common Era is called Before Christ (BC).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that BC refers to the period before the Common Era, often used interchangeably with BCE (Before Common Era).

 

2. Answer The Question In One Sentence.

 

Question a. which scientific methods are used to estimate the age of the layers of soil and the remains found in them?
Answer: Carbon-14 analysis and Tree-rings analysis are the scientific methods used to estimate age of the layers of soil and the remains found in them. These methods provide accurate dating for historical discoveries.
In simple words: Scientists use Carbon-14 dating and Tree-ring analysis to determine the age of soil layers and ancient remains.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about scientific methods for dating, Carbon-14 and Tree-ring analysis are key terms to remember and mention.

 

Question b. How is the first century of the Common Era written?
Answer: The first century of the Common Era is written as 1-100 AD. This notation helps us understand historical timelines clearly.
In simple words: The first century of the Common Era is written as 1-100 AD, covering the years from 1 to 100.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember that a century spans 100 years, and the first century AD/CE starts from year 1.

 

3. Answer The Following Question In Brief.

 

Question a. What is meant by the unilinear division of time?
Answer:1. Seven days make a week; two weeks make a fortnight and four weeks make a month. 2. Twelve months make a year, a hundred years make a century and ten centuries make a millennium. 3. This method of dividing time is known as the unilinear division of time. This systematic division helps us organize and understand historical periods.
In simple words: Unilinear division of time means breaking down time into standard units like weeks, months, years, centuries, and millennia, moving forward in a straight line.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining concepts like "unilinear division of time," provide clear examples of how time is divided into smaller, sequential units.

 

Question b. What are the units of measuring time?
Answer:1. A second is the smallest unit of measuring time. Sixty seconds make a minute and sixty minutes make an hour.
2. Twenty-four hours make a day; seven days make a week and two weeks make a fortnight.
3. Four weeks (two fortnights) make a month and twelve months make a year.
4. One hundred years make a century and ten centuries make a millennium.
In simple words: Time is measured using various units like seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, centuries, and millennia, each building up from the smallest unit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the basic conversions for time units, such as seconds to minutes, minutes to hours, and days to weeks, as these are fundamental concepts for understanding time measurement.

 

Question 1. Complete the chart given below.
Answer:The chart shows how 'Time in History' is divided into two main periods:

• Time in History
  • No written records available
  • Written records available

In simple words: History is broadly categorized into two periods: one before written records existed, and one after they became available.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing diagrams or charts, ensure all labels are accurately placed and the hierarchy or flow is correctly represented. For historical timelines, distinguishing between periods with and without written records is crucial.

Time In History

• Pre-historic Period
• No written records available
• Historic Period
• Written records available

Activity

 

Question 1. Prepare a monthly plan for yourself on the lines of the one given below.
Answer: Students should create their own monthly plan, similar to the 'February' example provided, including personal activities, studies, and special events for each day of the month. This helps in organizing time effectively.
In simple words: Make your own monthly schedule, just like the example, filling in what you'll do each day for studies, fun, and other tasks.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to create a plan, ensure it is realistic, covers a full month, and includes a balance of academic, personal, and recreational activities.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 2 History And The Concept Of 'Time' Additional Important Questions And Answers

Fill In The Blanks:

 

Question 1. There are different methods of ............. time.
Answer: There are different methods of measuring time. Understanding these methods helps us track events across history.
In simple words: We have many ways to figure out and keep track of time.

🎯 Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blanks, always choose the most appropriate word that fits the context of the sentence perfectly.

 

Question 2. Time is .............
Answer: Time is continuous. It flows constantly, never stopping or reversing.
In simple words: Time keeps moving forward without any breaks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that time is an ongoing process; using words like 'continuous' or 'unending' accurately describes its nature.

 

Question 3. We divide time into .............
Answer: We divide time into periods. This division helps us study history and organize events.
In simple words: We break down time into different sections to make it easier to understand.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the division of time, 'periods' is a key term used to categorize historical eras or durations.

 

Question 4. We divide the day into two parts, and .............
Answer: We divide the day into two parts, day and night. This natural division is caused by the Earth's rotation.
In simple words: A full day is split into daytime and nighttime.

🎯 Exam Tip: The most fundamental division of a day is into 'day' and 'night', directly related to the Earth's movement.

 

Question 5. Our earth rotates around its .............. with a certain speed
Answer: Our earth rotates around its axis with a certain speed. This rotation is responsible for the cycle of day and night.
In simple words: The Earth spins around an imaginary line called its axis at a steady pace.

🎯 Exam Tip: The term 'axis' is crucial when describing the Earth's rotation and its effect on day and night.

 

Question 6. Our Earth __________ round the sun.
Answer: Our Earth revolves round the sun. The Earth's journey around the sun takes approximately 365 days.
In simple words: The Earth moves in a circular path around the sun.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'revolves' means to orbit, while 'rotates' means to spin on an axis.

 

Question 7. The sun has its own __________.
Answer: The sun has its own light. Unlike planets, the sun is a star that produces its own energy and light.
In simple words: The sun creates its own light and doesn't reflect it from another source.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between stars (like the sun) that produce light and planets that reflect it.

 

Question 8. We receive __________ from the sun.
Answer: We receive light and heat from the sun. This energy is crucial for life on Earth, supporting photosynthesis and regulating climate.
In simple words: The sun provides us with both light to see and warmth to live.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the sun's benefits, always mention both light and heat as primary contributions.

 

Question 9. The earth takes __________ hours to complete one rotation around its own axis.
Answer: The earth takes 24 hours to complete one rotation around its own axis. This rotation is what causes day and night on Earth.
In simple words: It takes 24 hours for the Earth to spin once, which creates one day and one night.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between rotation (spinning on its axis, causing day/night) and revolution (orbiting the sun, causing years).

 

Question 10. A period of daytime and following night together make one __________.
Answer: A period of daytime and following night together make one day. This cycle is a fundamental unit of time measurement.
In simple words: The time from one morning to the next, including day and night, is called one day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define a 'day' as the complete cycle of light and darkness, not just the daylight hours.

 

Question 11. Seven days from Monday to Sunday make one __________.
Answer: Seven days from Monday to Sunday make one week. The seven-day week is a common calendar unit used across many cultures.
In simple words: A group of seven days, like Monday to Sunday, forms one week.

🎯 Exam Tip: Basic calendar units like days, weeks, and months are important for understanding time.

 

Question 12. Two weeks make a __________.
Answer: Two weeks make a fortnight. While 'fortnight' is a less common term today, it precisely means a period of fourteen days.
In simple words: The word 'fortnight' means a period of two weeks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn specific terms for periods of time, like 'fortnight' for two weeks.

 

Question 13. Four weeks make a __________.
Answer: Four weeks make a month. Most calendar months are approximately four weeks long, though some have a few extra days.
In simple words: Roughly four weeks make up one month on the calendar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a month is roughly four weeks, but not exactly, as months have 30 or 31 days (except February).

 

Question 14. Twelve months make a __________.
Answer: Twelve months make a year. A year marks one complete revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
In simple words: When twelve months pass, it completes one full year.

🎯 Exam Tip: The concept of a year is tied to the Earth's orbit around the sun.

 

Question 15. One year is followed by another and, when hundred years go by, a __________ completed.
Answer: One year is followed by another and, when hundred years go by, a century completed. A century is a significant span of time, often used to mark historical periods.
In simple words: After 100 years have passed, it is called a century.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the terms for different lengths of time: decade (10 years), century (100 years), millennium (1000 years).

 

Question 16. When ten centuries, i.e. 1000 years are gone, a __________ is completed.
Answer: When ten centuries, i.e. 1000 years are gone, a millennium is completed. The turn of a millennium is often celebrated as a major historical event.
In simple words: A period of 1000 years, or ten centuries, is known as a millennium.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the relationship: 10 years = decade, 100 years = century, 1000 years = millennium.

 

Question 17. In history books also, a chain of events that follow one after the other is presented in a __________ and __________ manner.
Answer: In history books also, a chain of events that follow one after the other is presented in a sequential and chronological manner. This method helps us understand cause and effect and the progression of history.
In simple words: History books arrange events in the order they happened, from earliest to latest.

🎯 Exam Tip: History is best understood when events are placed in their correct time order (chronological sequence).

 

Question 18. __________ means in the year of Our Lord.
Answer: Anno Domini (AD) means in the year of Our Lord. This Latin phrase is used to denote years within the Christian Era.
In simple words: AD stands for 'Anno Domini', which means 'in the year of our Lord' and refers to dates after Jesus's birth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that AD refers to dates after the birth of Christ, and BCE/BC refers to dates before.

 

Question 19. The Christian or Common Era began in the memory of __________.
Answer: The Christian or Common Era began in the memory of Jesus Christ. This era is the most widely used dating system in the world today.
In simple words: Our current way of counting years, the Common Era, started in memory of Jesus Christ.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Common Era (CE) and Christian Era (AD) are based on the traditional birth year of Jesus Christ.

 

Question 20. The first century of this era is written as ........ CE or AD.
Answer: The first century of this era is written as 1-100 CE or AD. This period covers the years from 1 AD/CE to 100 AD/CE.
In simple words: The first 100 years of the Common Era, from year 1 to year 100, make up the first century.

🎯 Exam Tip: A century always spans 100 years; the first century AD/CE is years 1-100.

 

Question 21. The period of the first millennium of this era is written as __________ CE or AD.
Answer: The period of the first millennium of this era is written as 1-1000 CE or AD. This millennium encompasses the first ten centuries of the Common Era.
In simple words: The first thousand years of our current era, from year 1 to year 1000, form the first millennium.

🎯 Exam Tip: A millennium is 1000 years, so the first millennium covers years 1 to 1000.

 

Question 22. The years of this period are counted and written in __________ order.
Answer: The years of this period are counted and written in ascending order. This means the numbers increase as time progresses, moving from smaller to larger year numbers.
In simple words: Years in the Common Era are counted upwards, meaning the numbers get bigger as time moves forward.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that CE/AD years increase as time moves forward, while BCE/BC years decrease.

 

Question 23. The first century before the Common Era is indicated as __________ BCE.
Answer: The first century before the Common Era is indicated as 100-1 BCE. This period includes the years from 100 BCE down to 1 BCE.
In simple words: The first century before the Common Era includes the years from 100 BCE back to 1 BCE.

🎯 Exam Tip: Years BCE/BC count backwards towards zero, so 100 BCE is earlier than 1 BCE.

 

Question 24. The first millennium before the Common Era is indicated as __________ BCE.
Answer: The first millennium before the Common Era is indicated as 1000-1 BCE. This period covers the years from 1000 BCE down to 1 BCE.
In simple words: The first thousand years before the Common Era are from 1000 BCE down to 1 BCE.

🎯 Exam Tip: For BCE/BC, larger numbers mean earlier dates, so 1000 BCE is much older than 100 BCE.

 

Question 25. The life time of Vardhaman Mahavir is written as __________.
Answer: The life time of Vardhaman Mahavir is written as 599-527 BCE. Vardhaman Mahavir was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, whose teachings are central to the religion.
In simple words: Vardhaman Mahavir lived from 599 BCE to 527 BCE, a period before the Common Era.

🎯 Exam Tip: When stating historical figures' lifetimes, always include the era (BCE/CE) for clarity.

 

Question 26. The lifetime of Gautam Buddha is written as __________.
Answer: The lifetime of Gautam Buddha is written as 563-483 BCE. Gautam Buddha founded Buddhism, a major world religion, and his teachings emphasize enlightenment and suffering.
In simple words: Gautam Buddha lived from 563 BCE to 483 BCE, a time before the Common Era.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with dates for important historical and religious figures, noting BCE for ancient times.

 

Question 27. Measuring time is to measure the __________ of time.
Answer: Measuring time is to measure the length of time. We use various units like seconds, minutes, and hours to quantify this duration.
In simple words: When we measure time, we are finding out how long something lasts or how much time has passed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of time measurement as quantifying duration, similar to measuring length or weight.

 

Question 28. Second, day, month, century, are some of the __________ of measuring time.
Answer: Second, day, month, century, are some of the units of measuring time. These units help us organize and understand the passage of time in different scales.
In simple words: Seconds, days, months, and centuries are all different ways or 'units' we use to measure time.

🎯 Exam Tip: List common units of time from smallest (second) to largest (millennium) to show understanding.

 

Question 29. __________ is the smallest unit of time.
Answer: Second is the smallest unit of time. While smaller scientific units exist, the second is the standard base unit for everyday timekeeping.
In simple words: The second is the smallest common unit we use to measure time.

🎯 Exam Tip: The second is the fundamental unit of time in the International System of Units (SI).

 

Question 30. It is an age-old custom to start a new __________ to commemorate a special event.
Answer: It is an age-old custom to start a new era to commemorate a special event. Many civilizations have marked significant events, like the reign of a king or a religious event, by starting a new calendar era.
In simple words: People have long started new ways of counting years, called eras, to remember important events.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that an 'era' is a long and distinct period of history, often marked by a significant event.

 

Question 31. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj started a new era known as __________ in 1674 to commemorate his coronation.
Answer: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj started a new era known as Rajyabhisheka Shaka in 1674 to commemorate his coronation. This era began with his coronation, symbolizing the establishment of Maratha Swaraj.
In simple words: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj started the Rajyabhisheka Shaka calendar in 1674 to mark his becoming king.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific historical eras like the Rajyabhisheka Shaka are important for understanding regional history.

 

Question 32. __________ and __________ are two eras that are used in India.
Answer: Shaka Era and Vikram Samvat are two eras that are used in India. These traditional Indian calendars are still used for religious and cultural purposes alongside the Gregorian calendar.
In simple words: The Shaka Era and Vikram Samvat are two traditional calendar systems used in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of different calendar systems used globally and historically, such as the Shaka Era and Vikram Samvat in India.

 

Question 33. The founder of Islam __________ migrated from Mecca to Madina.
Answer: The founder of Islam Prophet Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Madina. This migration, known as the Hijra, is a pivotal event in Islamic history and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
In simple words: Prophet Muhammad, the founder of Islam, moved from Mecca to Madina.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key figures and their significant actions, like Prophet Muhammad's Hijra, are crucial historical facts.

 

Question 34. The __________ era was started to commemorate prophet Muhammad's migration.
Answer: The Hijri era was started to commemorate prophet Muhammad's migration. The Hijri calendar is a lunar calendar and is the official calendar in many Islamic countries.
In simple words: The Hijri era began to remember Prophet Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Madina.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the Hijri era directly to Prophet Muhammad's migration (Hijra).

 

Question 35. The past is the subject matter of __________.
Answer: The past is the subject matter of history. History helps us understand how societies, cultures, and events have shaped the present world.
In simple words: History is the study of everything that happened in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define history as the systematic study of past events and their significance.

 

Question 36. The period of history goes back to the time of the birth of our .................... system.

 

Question 37. Our solar system came into being about .................... billion years ago.

 

Question 38. Our earth is a .................... in the solar system.

 

Question 39. The earth was also formed .................... billion years ago

 

Question 40. History is divided into two main periods and .....................

 

Question 41. The .................... period is the period for which no written records are available.

 

Question 42. The period for which written records are available from which history can be written is known as the .................... period.

 

Question 43. There are various methods of .....................

 

Question 44. There are many layers of .................... deposited one above the other under the surface of the ground.

 

Question 45. A rough estimate of how many years ago they existed can certainly be made using .................... methods.

 

Question 46. .................... analysis and .................... analysis are known as dating techniques.

 

Question 47. .................... is a science that tells us about events that happened in the past.

Answer:

1. reckoning
2. continuous
3. period
4. day, night
5. axis
6. revolves
7. light
8. light
9. 24
10. day
11. week
12. fortnight
13. months
14. year
15. century
16. millennium

Match The Columns

 

Question 1.

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Vardhaman Mahavir	a. 563BC-483BC
2. Sunrise to sunset	b. Smallest unit of time
3. Gautam Buddha	c. Day
4. Sunset to sunrise	d. One year
5. Second	e. 599BC-527BC
6. 100 years	f. Night
7. 12 months	g. A year
8. 1000 years	h. A week
9. Seven days	i. A century
10. Two weeks	j. A fortnight
11. Christian Era	k. A millennium
12. Rajyabhishek Shaka	I. Prophet Muhammad
13. Hijri Era	m. Jesus Christ
14. Shahenshahi Era	n. Parsi Community
15. Parsi Community	o. Chhatrapati Shivaji
16. Indian's Era	p. Hijri Era
17. Muhammad migrate	q. Shahenshahi Era
	r. Rajyabhishek Shaka
	s. Vikram Samvat

Answer:
1. Vardhaman Mahavir - e. 599BC-527BC
2. Sunrise to sunset - c. Day
3. Gautam Buddha - a. 563BC-483BC
4. Sunset to sunrise - f. Night
5. Second - b. Smallest unit of time
6. 100 years - i. A century
7. 12 months - d. One year
8. 1000 years - k. A millennium
9. Seven days - h. A week
10. Two weeks - j. A fortnight
11. Christian Era - m. Jesus Christ
12. Rajyabhishek Shaka - o. Chhatrapati Shivaji
13. Hijri Era - l. Prophet Muhammad
14. Shahenshahi Era - n. Parsi Community
15. Parsi Community - q. Shahenshahi Era
16. Indian's Era - s. Vikram Samvat
17. Muhammad migrate - p. Hijri Era
In simple words: This exercise helps connect important historical figures with their timelines, define units of time, and associate historical eras with their origins or communities.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, first identify the most obvious pairs, then use elimination for the remaining items. Pay attention to specific dates, definitions, and associated people or communities.

Answer Each Question In One Sentence:

 

Question 1. How is the day divided?
Answer: The day is divided into two parts – day and night. The division of day and night is a fundamental concept in understanding time.
In simple words: A day is split into two main parts: daytime when it's light, and nighttime when it's dark.

🎯 Exam Tip: For basic definitions, ensure you clearly state all parts of the answer as asked in the question.

 

Question 2. What are the two movements of the Earth?
Answer: The two movements of the earth are rotation and revolution. These movements are crucial for understanding day-night cycles and seasons.
In simple words: The Earth moves in two ways: it spins on its own axis (rotation) and it travels around the sun (revolution).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the two key movements of the Earth: rotation (spinning) and revolution (orbiting the sun).

 

Question 3. What is rotation?
Answer: The movement of the earth around its own axis at a certain speed is called the rotation of the earth. This spinning motion is what causes day and night.
In simple words: Rotation is when the Earth spins around an imaginary line through its center, like a top.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining rotation, always mention "around its own axis" to be precise.

 

Question 4. What is revolution?
Answer: The movement of the earth around the sun is called 'revolution of the earth'. This journey around the sun takes approximately 365 days.
In simple words: Revolution is the Earth's journey as it travels in a path around the sun.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish revolution from rotation by remembering revolution is the movement "around the sun".

 

Question 5. What is one day?
Answer: The period of day time and the following night together makes one day. This complete cycle is approximately 24 hours long.
In simple words: One day is the total time from one sunrise to the next, including both the light part and the dark part.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define "one day" by combining both the daytime and the following night.

 

Question 6. What makes one week?
Answer: Seven days, Monday to Sunday make one week. This seven-day cycle is a standard unit of time.
In simple words: A week is formed by seven consecutive days, starting from Monday and ending on Sunday.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the number of days that constitute a week.

 

Question 7. What is a fortnight?
Answer: A fortnight is a period of two weeks, which is equivalent to fourteen days. This term is commonly used in some English-speaking countries.
In simple words: A fortnight simply means a period of two weeks, or fourteen days.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a fortnight is a specific duration of time, exactly two weeks.

 

Question 8. What makes a month?
Answer: Four weeks or 30/31 days make a month. The number of days can vary slightly depending on the specific month.
In simple words: A month is made up of about four weeks, which is usually 30 or 31 days.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that most months have 30 or 31 days, but February is an exception with 28 or 29 days.

 

Question 9. What makes a year?
Answer: Twelve months make a year. This cycle is based on the Earth's orbit around the sun.
In simple words: A year is formed when twelve months pass.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the basic units of time like months and years is fundamental for understanding historical timelines.

 

Question 10. How is a century completed?
Answer: One year followed by another year and when 100 years go by, a century is completed. This long period helps us measure significant historical events.
In simple words: A century is completed when 100 years have passed.

🎯 Exam Tip: A century is a period of 100 years, often used to describe large spans of history.

 

Question 11. What is a millennium?
Answer: When ten centuries, i.e. 1000 years have gone by, a millennium is completed. This is a very long duration of time.
In simple words: A millennium is a very long time period, equal to 10 centuries or 1000 years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the hierarchy: 100 years = 1 century, 10 centuries = 1 millennium (1000 years).

 

Question 12. What is unilinear division of time?
Answer: The method of dividing time into day, week, month, year, century and millennium is known as unilinear division of time. This system helps us organize and understand the flow of events in a straightforward manner.
In simple words: Unilinear division of time is how we break down time into smaller, ordered units like days, weeks, months, years, centuries, and millennia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Unilinear division means time moves in a single, forward direction, and we divide it into standard, sequential units.

 

Question 13. What is Christian Era?
Answer: This era began in memory of Jesus Christ and so this era is called as Christian Era. It is the most widely used calendar system globally for dating events.
In simple words: The Christian Era is a way of counting years that started with the birth of Jesus Christ.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Christian Era is also known as Anno Domini (AD) or Common Era (CE) and is the standard global dating system.

 

Question 14. What is common Era?
Answer: The calendar we use today is based on the Christian era. Since it is commonly followed all over the world, now it is called as 'Common Era'. This system helps us organize historical events globally.
In simple words: The Common Era is the calendar system we use now, based on the Christian era, and it's used worldwide.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining historical terms, mention its origin and current usage.

 

Question 15. How is the first century of Common Era written?
Answer: The first 100 years, i.e., the first century of this era is written as years 1 – 100 CE or 1 – 100 AD. Both CE and AD are widely accepted notations for this period.
In simple words: The first 100 years of the Common Era are written as 1-100 CE or 1-100 AD.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to include both CE and AD notations when describing the Common Era.

 

Question 16. How is the first millennium written?
Answer: The period of the first millennium of this era is written as, 1 – 1000 CE or 1 – 1000 AD. A millennium represents a period of one thousand years.
In simple words: The first thousand years of the Common Era are written as 1-1000 CE or 1-1000 AD.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between a century (100 years) and a millennium (1000 years) in your answers.

 

Question 17. What is BCE or BC?
Answer: The period before the common era is known as the time "Before Common Era (BCE)” or "Before Christ (BC)". This period marks the years preceding the start of the Common Era.
In simple words: BCE or BC refers to the time period before the Common Era began.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both full forms (Before Common Era and Before Christ) when defining BCE/BC.

 

Question 18. How are the years recorded in the BCE or BC period?
Answer: The years of this period are counted and also written in reverse order. This means that larger numbers represent earlier times.
In simple words: In BCE/BC, years are counted backwards, so a bigger number means an earlier time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the "reverse order" aspect as it's a key distinction for BCE/BC dating.

 

Question 19. How is the first century of 'Before the Common Era period' written?
Answer: The first century before the Common Era is indicated as 100 – 1 BC. This notation helps us understand the chronological order of events before year 1.
In simple words: The first century before the Common Era is written as 100-1 BC.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with the range (100-1 BC) and the abbreviation (BC) when describing this period.

 

Question 20. How is the first millennium of 'Before the Common Era period' written?
Answer: The first millennium Before the Common Era is indicated as 1000 - 1 BCE. This system helps us understand very old historical periods.
In simple words: The first thousand years before the Common Era are written as 1000 - 1 BCE.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that BCE (Before Common Era) counts down, so 1000 BCE is earlier than 1 BCE. Always specify the era when writing historical dates.

 

Question 21. How is the life time of Vardhaman Mahavir written?
Answer: The life time of Vardhaman Mahavir is written as 599 BC – 527 BC. He was a significant figure in ancient Indian history.
In simple words: Vardhaman Mahavir lived from 599 BC to 527 BC.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing historical timelines, ensure the start and end dates are clearly indicated with the correct era (BC/BCE or AD/CE).

 

Question 22. How is the life time of Gautam Buddha written?
Answer: The life time of Gautam Buddha is written as 563 BC – 483 BC. His teachings formed the basis of Buddhism.
In simple words: Gautam Buddha lived from 563 BC to 483 BC.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accuracy in dates for historical figures is crucial; always double-check the BC/BCE notation.

 

Question 23. Name the units of measuring time.
Answer: Second, minute, hour, day, week, fortnight, month, year, century and millennium are units of measuring time. These units help us organize and understand the passage of time.
In simple words: Time is measured in units like seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, centuries, and millennia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to list various units of time from smallest to largest, as this shows a comprehensive understanding.

 

Question 24. Which is the smallest unit of measuring time?
Answer: The second is the smallest unit of measuring time. It forms the fundamental basis for all larger time measurements.
In simple words: The second is the smallest unit used to measure time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the second is the base unit for time in the International System of Units (SI).

 

Question 25. Which is the most common method of measuring time in different parts of the world?
Answer: The Common Era or the Christian Era is the most common method of measuring time in different parts of the world. This system provides a universal reference point for historical events.
In simple words: The Common Era (CE) or Christian Era (AD) is the most widely used way to measure time globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the terms 'Common Era' (CE) and 'Christian Era' (AD) and their widespread use in global dating systems.

 

Question 26. How is a date written?
Answer: A date is typically written as day, month, and year (e.g., 15 August 2024) or month, day, and year (e.g., August 15, 2024), often including the era like CE or BCE for historical contexts. The format can vary by region, but always includes these three components.
In simple words: A date is usually written with the day, month, and year, sometimes including the era.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of different date formats (DD/MM/YYYY vs. MM/DD/YYYY) and always include the year and, if necessary, the era (BC/AD or BCE/CE).

 

Question 27. When does a new era generally commence?
Answer: It is an age-old custom to start a new era to commemorate a special event. A new era often marks a significant historical moment or the beginning of a new reign.
In simple words: A new era usually starts to remember an important event or a special occasion from the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that eras are often linked to major historical events or the rule of important figures.

 

Question 28. Which era was started by Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj started a new era or shaka known as 'Rajyabhishek Shaka' in 1674 to commemorate his coronation. This era marked the establishment of Swaraj.
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj started the 'Rajyabhishek Shaka' in 1674 to celebrate his coronation as king.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about historical eras, always mention the name of the era, the person who started it, and the event it commemorates.

 

Question 29. Which two eras are used in India?
Answer: 'Shalivahan Shaka' and 'Vikram Samvat' are two eras that are used in India. These calendars are still important for religious and cultural events.
In simple words: In India, the 'Shalivahan Shaka' and 'Vikram Samvat' are two main eras that people use.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with the names of the eras and remember that different regions or communities might use different calendars.

 

Question 30. Who is Prophet Muhammad?
Answer: Prophet Muhammad is the founder of Islam. He is revered as the last prophet sent by God in all the main branches of Islam.
In simple words: Prophet Muhammad is the person who founded the religion of Islam.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying historical or religious figures, state their primary role or contribution clearly and concisely.

 

Question 31. When did Prophet Muhammad start an era?
Answer: Prophet Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina, so, the 'Hijri Era' was started to commemorate this event. This migration, known as the Hijra, is a pivotal moment in Islamic history.
In simple words: Prophet Muhammad started the 'Hijri Era' to remember his journey from Mecca to Medina.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the start of an era directly to the specific historical event it marks, including names and locations if relevant.

 

Question 33. What makes up the subject matter of History?
Answer: The past makes up the subject matter of History. Understanding past events helps us learn about human civilization.
In simple words: History is all about studying everything that happened in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the subject matter of history, always mention "the past" as the core element.

 

Question 34. When did our solar system come into being?
Answer: Our solar system came into being about 4.5 billion years ago. This vast timescale highlights the ancient origins of our cosmic home.
In simple words: Our solar system started forming around 4.5 billion years ago.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the approximate age of the solar system (4.5 billion years) as it's a key astronomical fact.

 

Question 35. How long ago was our earth formed?
Answer: Our Earth is a planet in the solar system, so it is presumed that the earth was also formed 4.5 billion years ago. The Earth's formation is intrinsically linked to the birth of the entire solar system.
In simple words: Since Earth is part of our solar system, it was also formed about 4.5 billion years ago.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the Earth's formation time directly to the solar system's formation time for a complete answer.

 

Question 36. Which two main periods is the time in History divided?
Answer: The time in history is divided into two main periods: Pre-historic and Historic period. This division helps historians categorize and study different eras based on available evidence.
In simple words: History is split into two main parts: Pre-historic (before written records) and Historic (with written records).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both "Pre-historic" and "Historic period" as the two main divisions of time in history.

 

Question 37. What is Pre-historic period?
Answer: The Pre-historic period is the period for which no written records are available. Our understanding of this era comes from archaeological findings and oral traditions.
In simple words: The Pre-historic period is the time before people started writing things down.

🎯 Exam Tip: The defining characteristic of the Pre-historic period is the *absence* of written records.

 

Question 38. What is Historic period?
Answer: The period for which written records are available from which history is written is known as Historic period'. These records provide direct insights into past societies and events.
In simple words: The Historic period is the time when written records exist, which helps us learn about the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key feature of the Historic period is the *presence* of written records, which are crucial for historical study.

 

Question 39. What is years before the common era?
Answer: The events before the beginning of the common era are mentioned as having occurred a certain number of years before the common era. This system helps us pinpoint historical events that predate the common calendar.
In simple words: Years before the common era refer to events that happened a specific number of years before the start of the common era.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining historical terms, clearly state what they refer to and their purpose in timekeeping.

 

Question 40. What are evidences?
Answer: Evidence is usually in the form of man-made artifacts and fallen structures. These tangible remains provide crucial insights into past civilizations and events.
In simple words: Evidences are things like old tools, buildings, or objects made by people that help us learn about the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that historical evidence often comes from physical objects left behind by past societies.

 

Question 41. How can we determine the time of the events that took place thousands of years ago?
Answer: With the help of artifacts and also using scientific methods we can determine the time of the events that took place thousands of years ago. These scientific methods, like carbon dating, provide accurate chronological data.
In simple words: We can figure out when old events happened by studying ancient objects and using special scientific tests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning both artifacts and scientific methods shows a complete understanding of how ancient timelines are established.

Give Reasons For The Following:

 

Question 1. Time is divided into periods.
Answer:
(i) There are different methods of reckoning time
(ii) Time is continuous, but for our convenience we divide time into periods. Dividing time helps us organize and study history better.
In simple words: We divide time into periods because it helps us understand and organize history, even though time itself flows continuously.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining why time is divided, emphasize both the practical convenience and the continuous nature of time.

 

Question 2. The Christian era is also known as the common era.
Answer:
1. The calendar we use today is based on the Christian era.
2. This era is most widespread and commonly used all over the world.
3. Therefore this era is now called the Common era. This global acceptance makes it a universal reference point.
In simple words: The Christian era is called the Common Era because its calendar is used worldwide, making it a shared way to measure time for everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score full marks, explain that the widespread global adoption of the calendar is the key reason for the name change to 'Common Era'.

 

Question 3. Time in history is divided into two main periods.
Answer:1. The span of 4.5 billion years, since the earth's formation is a vast period of time. Understanding this immense duration is crucial for historical context. 2. It is not easy to grasp this entire period all at once. 3. It is necessary to divide it into a number of stages in order to understand it better. 4. Therefore, Time in history is divided into two main periods, i.e. Pre-historic and Historic period.
In simple words: History is divided into two main parts, Pre-historic and Historic, because the total time is so long (4.5 billion years) that breaking it down helps us understand it better.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining why history is divided, mention the vastness of time and the need for better understanding as key points.

 

Question 4. The earth receives continuous light from the sun, but then too we see light only in day time and nights are dark.
Answer:1. Due to the earth's rotation around its own axis, only a part of the earth's surface faces the sun. This constant rotation creates the cycle of day and night. 2. It is only this part of the surface that becomes bright. 3. The part that is not facing the sun remains dark. 4. Therefore we see light only in daytime even though the earth receives continuous light from the sun.
In simple words: Even though the sun always shines on Earth, we only see light during the day because the Earth spins. Only the side facing the sun gets light, while the other side is dark.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on "Earth's rotation" and "part facing the sun" as the core concepts for explaining day and night.

 

Question 5. When we measure time, we actually measure its length.
Answer:1. There are various methods of measuring time. These methods help us organize events and understand sequences. 2. These methods allow us to identify a particular day, month or year with respect to an earlier or later day, month or year. 3. Thus, when we measure time, we actually measure its length.
In simple words: Measuring time means figuring out how long something lasts or how much time passes between events, like measuring a distance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that time measurement is about identifying duration and sequence, linking it to the concept of 'length' or 'span'.

Answer The Following Questions In Brief :

 

Question 1. How are days and nights formed?
Answer:
1. The earth receives light from the sun.
2. As the earth rotates around its axis, that part of the surface which turns towards the sun becomes bright i.e. day. This constant illumination is key to the cycle.
3. The part that moves away has darkness i.e. night thus days and nights are formed.
In simple words: Days and nights happen because the Earth spins on its axis. The side facing the sun gets light (day), and the side facing away gets darkness (night).

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining day and night formation, remember to mention Earth's rotation on its axis and its relationship to the sun's light.

 

Question 2. What is the unilinear division of time?
Answer:
1. Seven days from Monday to Sunday, make one week.
2. Two weeks make a fortnight.
3. Four weeks make a month.
4. Twelve months make a year. This consistent progression helps us track long periods.
5. One year is followed by another and, when 100 years go by, we have a century.
6. When 10 centuries, ie. 1000 years are gone, a millennium is completed.
7. Such a method of dividing time is known as a unilinear division of time.
In simple words: Unilinear division of time means breaking down time into fixed, sequential units like days, weeks, months, years, centuries, and millennia, always moving forward.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions on time division, list the units in increasing order (days to millennium) and emphasize the sequential, forward-moving nature of this method.

 

Question 3. Explain time before the common or Christian era.
Answer:
1. The period of time before the common era is known as the time before Common Era (BCE) or Before Christ (BC). This system helps historians organize events chronologically.
2. The years of this period are counted and written in reverse order.
3. The first century before the common era began at the year 100 BCE and ended with 1 BCE.
4. It is written as 100-1 BCE.
In simple words: Time before the Common Era (BCE or BC) refers to years counted backward from year 1, meaning larger numbers are older, like 100 BCE is older than 50 BCE.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining BCE/BC, clearly state that years are counted in reverse order and provide the full forms of the abbreviations.

 

Question 4. How do we measure the length of time?
Answer: There are various methods of measuring time. These methods allow us to identify a particular day, month, a year with respect to an earlier or later day, month or year. For example, if it is June, then we know that the earlier month was May and the next one will be July. If today is 10th of June, then we can tell that tomorrow will be 11th of June and yesterday was 9th of June. Thus, when we measure time we actually measure its length, understanding its flow and sequence.
In simple words: We measure time by using different methods to figure out specific days, months, and years, comparing them to what came before or what will come after. It's like using a calendar to know the order of days and months.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining how time is measured, remember to include examples of how we identify past, present, and future dates.

 

Question 5. How are dating techniques used?
Answer: By using dating techniques we learn how old the layers of soil and the remains found in them are. Then we can put approximate dates to their occurrence. For example, if an earthen pot is estimated to be five thousand years old with the help of dating techniques, we can say that the earthen pot dates back roughly to 3000 BC. Then we can conclude that the period of the culture to which the pot belongs must be around 3000 BC, providing valuable historical context.
In simple words: Dating techniques help us find out the age of old soil layers and objects found inside them. This way, we can guess when ancient things happened and understand the time period of old cultures.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing dating techniques, always mention both determining the age of remains and assigning approximate dates to cultural periods.

 

Question 6. What is meant by Prehistoric period?
Answer: 'Prehistory' means 'before history'. The prehistoric period is the period for which no written records are available. Essentially, the history of this period has not been written down, making it a time we learn about through archaeological findings rather than texts.
In simple words: The Prehistoric period is the time before people started writing things down. We don't have any written records from this era, so we learn about it from old objects and remains.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define 'Prehistoric period' by emphasizing the absence of written records and its meaning as 'before history'.

 

Question 7. What is meant by Historic period?
Answer:1. Unlike the Prehistoric period, we can trace the events and progress of the historic period. 2. The historic period is the period for which written records are available. These records provide valuable insights into past societies and cultures. 3. We can use these written records to write history.
In simple words: The Historic period is the time in history for which we have written records, allowing us to understand and document past events and developments.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining historical periods, always mention the key characteristic that distinguishes them, such as the availability of written records.

Glossary

• 1. commemorate : remember and show respect for.
• 2. estimate: roughly calculate or judge the value.
• 3. unilinear: developing in a steady way.
• 4. coronation : the ceremony of crowning the ruler.
• 5. reckoning: the action of calculating
• 6. widespread : spread among a large o number or over a large area
• 7. occurrence: an incident or an event