Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Part 1 Chapter 3 The Earth and its Living World Solutions

5th Standard EVS 1 Lesson Number 3 Question Answer The Earth And Its Living World Maharashtra Board

Std 5 EVS 1 Chapter 3 Question Answer

1. What Is The Solution?

 

Question 1. Dark patches appear on the skin after exposure to the sun.
Answer: Dark patches due to sun's rays are called sunspots which can be taken care in a natural way by applying slices of fresh lemon on it for 10-15 minutes or by applying aloe vera gel twice a day. These natural remedies can help lighten the spots over time.
In simple words: Sunspots are dark patches from sun exposure. You can treat them naturally by applying lemon slices or aloe vera gel to help them fade.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for a solution to a common problem, provide practical and easy-to-understand remedies, mentioning both the problem and the solution clearly.

Use Your Brainpower!

 

Question (a). Why are microorganisms important?
Answer: Microorganisms live in the soil and do the work of decomposing the dead plants and animals. Without their crucial role, dead organic matter would accumulate, preventing the soil from becoming fertile. If there were no microorganisms then the dead plants and animals would not get decomposed, they would have got accumulated and the soil would not become fertile.
In simple words: Microorganisms are vital because they break down dead plants and animals, enriching the soil and keeping our environment clean.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the importance of microorganisms, always mention their role in decomposition and nutrient cycling in the soil.

 

Question (b). Think about all the foodstuffs obtained from the sea. Find more information and write ten lines about them.
Answer: This is a personal response question, encouraging students to research and express their own findings. Students should explore various seafoods like fish, shellfish, and seaweed, and discuss their nutritional value and cultural significance.
In simple words: This question asks you to think about foods from the sea and write ten lines about them, using your own research and ideas.

🎯 Exam Tip: For personal response questions, ensure your answer is well-structured, includes relevant details, and directly addresses all parts of the prompt (e.g., "ten lines").

Answer The Following In One Sentence:

 

Question (a). What are clouds made of?
Answer: Clouds are made up of very fine droplets of water which are small and light, allowing them to float in the atmosphere.
In simple words: Clouds are formed from tiny, light water droplets floating high in the sky.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing natural phenomena, use precise terms like "fine droplets" and mention their physical properties (small, light) that explain their behavior.

 

Question (b). What is meant by biosphere?
Answer: Living things occupy parts of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. This interconnected zone supports all life on Earth. Living things and all the parts they occupy are together called the biosphere.
In simple words: The biosphere is the part of Earth where life exists, including land, water, and air, and all the living things within them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the biosphere by listing the three spheres (lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere) that living things inhabit, emphasizing their combined nature.

 

Question (c). Make a list of the land forms you see in your surroundings and give a description of any two of them.
Answer: This question requires a personal response based on the student's local environment. Examples of landforms could include hills, plains, valleys, plateaus, or coastal areas. Students should describe two of these in detail, mentioning their features and how they were formed.
In simple words: You need to list landforms around you, like hills or plains, and then describe two of them in your own words.

🎯 Exam Tip: For descriptive questions based on surroundings, choose common landforms and provide specific, observable details about their appearance and characteristics.

4. In The Following Sentences, Underline The Words That Refer To Landforms.

 

Question 1. In the following sentences, underline the words that refer to landforms.
Answer:
(a) Anil lives at the foot of a hill.
(b) Ria lives in the plateau region.
In simple words: Landforms are natural features of the Earth's surface, and in these sentences, 'hill' and 'plateau' are the specific landforms mentioned.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to identify specific types of words, read the sentence carefully and pick out only the words that fit the given category, like 'landforms' here.

5. Write A Note About The Following:

 

Question (a) Evaporation:
Answer: Due to the heat of the sun, the water from the earth's surface goes into vapour state forming fine droplets of water which are small and light. This process is called evaporation, a crucial part of the water cycle.
In simple words: Evaporation is when water turns into a gas (vapour) because of the sun's heat, rising into the air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define evaporation clearly by mentioning the role of heat, the change of state from liquid to vapour, and its origin from the Earth's surface.

 

Question (b) Condensation:
Answer: The process when vapour turns into water on cooling to form drops of water it is called as condensation. This is how clouds are formed in the atmosphere.
In simple words: Condensation is when water vapour cools down and changes back into tiny water droplets, like how clouds form.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that condensation is the opposite of evaporation, involving cooling and the change from vapour back to liquid water droplets.

 

Question (c) The water cycle:
Answer:
1. Evaporation of water from the earth due to the heat of the sun, forms water vapour.
2. This vapour is light and moves up in the atmosphere and forms clouds.
3. When these droplets join together and form bigger drops they become heavy and falls down on the earth in the form of rain. This continuous movement of water is essential for life on Earth.
In simple words: The water cycle describes how water evaporates from the Earth, forms clouds, and then falls back as rain, constantly moving between the land, sea, and air.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the water cycle, ensure you describe the key stages: evaporation, condensation (cloud formation), and precipitation (rain), in a logical sequence.

 

Question 6. Give two examples of each:
(a) Weather-related events
Answer: Clouds, rain. These are common examples of weather phenomena we observe daily.
In simple words: Weather events are things like clouds forming and rain falling from the sky.
(b) Sources of water
Answer: River, lake. These natural bodies are vital sources of fresh water.
In simple words: Rivers and lakes are places where we find water naturally.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for examples, provide clear and distinct items that directly relate to the category given, ensuring you address all parts of the question.

 

Question 7. Draw a labelled diagram showing the:
Question 1. Water cycle
Answer: The water cycle involves several key stages. These stages continuously move water around the Earth.

• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Precipitation (Rainfall)
• Collection (Rivers, Lakes, Oceans)

In simple words: The water cycle shows how water travels from the Earth's surface to the air and back again through different steps.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to describe a cycle or process, ensure you list all the main stages in the correct order to score full marks.

 

Question 3. The spheres of the earth
Answer: The Earth is comprised of several interacting spheres that together form its complex system. These include the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (land), and biosphere (life). The provided diagram specifically illustrates the layers of the Earth's atmosphere, which is the gaseous envelope surrounding our planet. These layers, from lowest to highest altitude, are:

• Troposphere
• Ozone layer
• Stratosphere
• Mesosphere
• Ionosphere
• Exosphere

Each layer has distinct characteristics and plays a crucial role in weather patterns and protecting life on Earth.
In simple words: The Earth has different parts like air, water, land, and living things, which are called spheres. The picture shows the layers of the air sphere, called the atmosphere, from the ground up: Troposphere, Ozone layer, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere, and Exosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about Earth's spheres, remember to mention the main ones (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere) and provide details for any specific sphere if a diagram or context is given.

The Spheres Of The Earth

• Biosphere
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Lithosphere

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 3 The Earth And Its Living World Additional Important Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

 

Question 1. The earth's crust is mainly made up of ..........................
(a) soil
(b) rock
(c) animals
Answer: (b) rock
In simple words: The outer layer of the Earth, known as the crust, is primarily composed of solid rock.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the Earth's crust is the outermost solid layer, and its primary component is rock, not just loose soil or living things.

 

Question 2. The earth's crust and a small hard portion of the layer under it is called the ..........................
(a) hydrosphere

 

Question 3. About .......... of the earth's surface is covered by land while about .......... is covered with water.
(a) one third
(b) one fourth, two third
(c) three fourth
Answer: (b) one fourth, two third
In simple words: The Earth's surface is mostly water. About one-fourth of it is land, and the remaining two-thirds are covered by water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the approximate proportions of land and water on Earth's surface; it's a fundamental geography fact.

 

Question 4. The envelope of air around the earth is called the ....................
(a) lithosphere
(b) atmosphere
(c) biosphere
Answer: (b) atmosphere
In simple words: The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds our planet, providing the air we breathe and protecting us.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the different 'spheres' of Earth: lithosphere (land), atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), and biosphere (life).

 

Question 5. There are huge blocks of ice floating in the sea called ....................
(a) glacier
(b) blockice
(c) iceberg
Answer: (c) iceberg
In simple words: An iceberg is a large piece of freshwater ice that has broken off a glacier or ice shelf and is floating freely in open water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between a glacier (ice on land) and an iceberg (ice floating in the sea).

 

Question 6. The earth is surrounded by the ....................
(a) atmosphere
(b) lithosphere

 

Question 7. There are .................... things on land, air and water.
(a) non-living
(b) living
(c) rocks
Answer: (b) living
In simple words: Living things are found everywhere – on land, in the air, and in water, making up the diverse life on Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the biosphere encompasses all living organisms and their interactions with the Earth's other spheres.

 

Question 8. The .................... is the cause of many natural processes on the earth.
(a) moon
(b) planets
(c) sun
Answer: (c) sun
In simple words: The sun's energy drives most natural events on Earth, from weather patterns to plant growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the sun's role as the primary energy source for Earth's climate, weather, and life processes.

 

Question 9. The .................... spreads in all the other three spheres.
(a) biosphere
(b) atmosphere
(c) lithosphere
Answer: (a) biosphere
In simple words: The biosphere is where all life exists, extending into the air, land, and water, connecting all parts of the Earth's systems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define the biosphere as the global sum of all ecosystems, integrating with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

 

Question 10. The earth's crust is ....................
(a) soft
(b) marshy
(c) hard

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing Earth's layers, remember key characteristics like the crust being the outermost, solid, and hard layer.

 

Question 11. A vast continuous stretch of land is called a ..........................
(a) sea
(b) ocean
(c) continent
Answer: (c) continent
In simple words: A very large area of land that is connected is known as a continent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the definition of a continent as a large landmass to easily answer such questions.

 

Question 12. The land on earth is divided into .......................... continents.
(a) one
(b) two
(c) seven
Answer: (c) seven
In simple words: The Earth's land surface is split into seven major parts, which are called continents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the number of continents is a basic geography fact that is often tested.

 

Question 13. .......................... is the largest continent.
(a) Africa
(b) Asia
(c) Australia
Answer: (b) Asia
In simple words: Asia is the biggest continent on Earth, both in terms of land area and population.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the largest and smallest continents as they are common knowledge questions.

 

Question 14. .......................... is the smallest continent.
(a) Africa
(b) Asia
(c) Australia
Answer: (c) Australia
In simple words: Australia is the smallest continent in the world, known for its unique wildlife.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be sure to distinguish between the largest and smallest continents to avoid confusion.

 

Question 15. Ocean water is .......................... .
(a) salty
(b) sweet
(c) bitter
Answer: (a) salty
In simple words: Ocean water contains a lot of dissolved salts, which is why it tastes salty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the vast majority of Earth's water is salty ocean water, making it unsuitable for drinking without treatment.

 

Question 16. There are .......................... oceans.
(a) one
(b) five
(c) seven
Answer: (b) five
In simple words: There are five major oceans on Earth: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be sure to know the names of the five major oceans as this is a fundamental geographical fact.

 

Question 17. The land along the margins of an ocean is called the .......................... region.
(a) coastal
(b) rainy
(c) mountainous
Answer: (a) coastal
In simple words: The coastal region is the area where the land meets the sea or ocean, often characterized by beaches and cliffs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that 'coastal' specifically refers to areas near the sea, distinguishing it from other geographical terms like 'mountainous' or 'rainy'.

 

Question 18. Stream water is .......................... and not salty.
(a) bitter
(b) fresh
(c) salty
Answer: (b) fresh
In simple words: Stream water is considered fresh water because it has a very low salt content, unlike ocean water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between fresh water sources (like rivers, streams, lakes) and salt water sources (like oceans and seas) based on their salinity.

 

Question 19. .......................... are smallest forms of water streams.

 

Question 20. ........................ are biggest forms of water streams.
(a) Rills
(b) Brooks
(c) Rivers
Answer: (c) Rivers
In simple words: Rivers are the largest natural flowing watercourses, much bigger than rills (tiny streams) or brooks (small streams).

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing sizes of water bodies, remember that rivers are generally the largest flowing streams, followed by brooks and then rills.

 

Question 21. A river cascades down a sudden drop to form a ........................ .
(a) lake
(b) waterfall
(c) glacier
Answer: (b) waterfall
In simple words: A waterfall is created when a river's water flows over a steep drop or cliff, falling downwards.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key term "cascades down a sudden drop" directly describes the formation of a waterfall, so associate these terms.

 

Question 22. All rivers eventually flow into the ........................ .
(a) lake
(b) waterfall
(c) ocean
Answer: (c) ocean
In simple words: Rivers typically flow from higher elevations towards lower ones, eventually emptying their water into the vast expanse of an ocean or sea.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the natural course of rivers; they are part of the water cycle and usually end their journey in a large body of saltwater like an ocean.

 

Question 23. A water body formed by water collecting naturally in a low-lying area of land is called a ........................ .
(a) ocean
(b) lake
(c) river
Answer: (b) lake
In simple words: A lake is a natural body of standing water, usually freshwater, that collects in a depression or low area on land.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between a lake (still water in a depression), an ocean (vast saltwater body), and a river (flowing water channel) based on their definitions.

 

Question 24. Many lakes and wells get water from underground
(a) lakes
(b) springs
(c) mines
Answer: (b) springs
In simple words: Water from underground often comes to the surface through natural openings called springs, which then feed into lakes and wells.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that groundwater often emerges as springs, which are a key source for many surface water bodies like lakes and wells.

 

Question 25. As we go higher from the earth's surface, the air in the atmosphere becomes
(a) rarer
(b) thicker
(c) solid
Answer: (a) rarer
In simple words: As you go higher up, the air gets thinner, meaning there are fewer air molecules packed together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that air pressure and density decrease with altitude, making the air "rarer" or thinner as you ascend.

 

Question 26. The atmosphere consists of a mixture of
(a) liquid
(b) solid
(c) gases
Answer: (c) gases
In simple words: The air around us, which is the atmosphere, is made up of different gases mixed together, like nitrogen and oxygen.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that the atmosphere is primarily composed of various gases, with nitrogen and oxygen being the most abundant.

 

Question 27. As we go higher in the troposphere, it becomes
(a) hotter
(b) humid
(c) cooler
Answer: (c) cooler
In simple words: In the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere, the temperature generally drops as you go higher up.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the lapse rate in the troposphere: temperature decreases with increasing altitude, which is why mountains are colder than sea level.

 

Question 28. Almost all the water vapour in the atmosphere is contained in the ....................
(a) troposphere
(b) stratosphere
(c) mesosphere
Answer: (a) troposphere
In simple words: The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where most weather phenomena occur, and thus, it contains almost all the water vapor.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the troposphere is the layer closest to Earth's surface and is where most of the planet's weather and water vapor are found.

 

Question 29. In the lower part of the stratosphere, there is a layer of a gas called ....................
(a) oxygen
(b) ozone
(c) nitrogen
Answer: (b) ozone
In simple words: The ozone layer, found in the stratosphere, is crucial because it absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.

🎯 Exam Tip: The ozone layer is vital for protecting life on Earth from harmful UV rays, so its location in the stratosphere is an important fact to recall.

 

Question 30. ........................ rays coming from the sun are harmful for living things.
(a) Ultraviolet
(b) Infrared
(c) Electric bulb
Answer: (a) Ultraviolet
In simple words: Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can cause damage to living organisms, including skin damage and other health issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always associate ultraviolet rays with their harmful effects and the protective role of the ozone layer.

 

Question 31. Water on the earth ........................ continuously due to the heat of the sun.
(a) condenses
(b) evaporates
(c) melts
Answer: (b) evaporates
In simple words: The sun's heat provides the energy for water to change from a liquid to a gas (water vapor), a process called evaporation, which is a key part of the water cycle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the basic processes of the water cycle; evaporation is the primary way water enters the atmosphere from Earth's surface.

 

Question 32. Water vapour is ........................ than air, it rises up into the atmosphere.
Answer: Water vapour is lighter than air, it rises up into the atmosphere.
In simple words: Because water vapor is less dense than the surrounding air, it naturally floats upwards, carrying moisture higher into the atmosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that lighter gases tend to rise, and this principle explains why water vapor ascends into the atmosphere, contributing to cloud formation.

 

Question 33. The polar bear is seen only in the .......................... polar regions.
(a) rain bound
(b) windblown
(c) snowbound
Answer: (c) snowbound
In simple words: Polar bears are adapted to extremely cold environments, so they are exclusively found in regions covered in snow and ice.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying animal habitats, associate the animal with its natural environment and climatic conditions to select the correct option.

 

Question 34. Zebras are found in .......................... .
(a) Africa
(b) India
(c) Australia
Answer: (a) Africa
In simple words: Zebras are native to the continent of Africa, where they roam the grasslands and savannas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the geographical distribution of iconic animals is a common general knowledge point; remember which continent is home to specific species.

 

Question 35. Kangaroos are found only in .......................... .
(a) Africa
(b) India
(c) Australia
Answer: (c) Australia
In simple words: Kangaroos are unique marsupials found exclusively in Australia and its surrounding islands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Many animals are endemic to particular regions; associating animals with their unique continents helps answer such questions accurately.

 

Question 36. This .......................... world constitutes the biosphere.
(a) living
(b) non-living
(c) material

Give Two Examples Of Each:

 

Question 1. Continents
Answer: Asia, Africa. These are two of the seven major landmasses on Earth.
In simple words: Continents are very large landmasses on Earth, and Asia and Africa are two prominent examples.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the names of the major continents; they are fundamental geographical facts.

 

Question 2. Oceans
Answer: The Atlantic, Pacific Ocean. These are vast bodies of saltwater that cover most of the Earth's surface.
In simple words: Oceans are huge bodies of saltwater, and the Atlantic and Pacific are the largest ones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with ocean names, often including "The" where appropriate, like "The Atlantic Ocean."

 

Question 3. Part of the ocean
Answer: Sea, Gulf. A sea is a large body of saltwater, often part of an ocean, while a gulf is a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land.
In simple words: A sea is a smaller part of an ocean, and a gulf is a deep bay almost enclosed by land.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the subtle differences between terms like 'sea', 'gulf', and 'bay' as they describe parts of larger oceans.

 

Question 4. Animals found in regions of hot climates
Answer: Elephant, Lions. These animals have adapted to thrive in warm environments, often found in savannas and jungles.
In simple words: Animals like elephants and lions are well-adapted to live in warm areas, such as savannas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for examples, choose common and easily recognizable animals that clearly fit the description.

 

Question 5. Answer in one word:
Answer: The source provides the sub-questions for which one-word answers are expected, but the answers themselves are not given.
1. The cause of many natural processes on the earth.
2. Largest Continent
3. Smallest Continent
4. Uneven land in different places.
5. Smallest streams
In simple words: This question asks for single-word answers to several geographical and environmental concepts, but the specific answers are not provided in the text.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "answer in one word" questions, focus on identifying the single most precise term that fits the definition.

 

Question 6. Identify the following:
6. Biggest Streams
7. Place where river cascades
8. Layer of gas in the stratosphere.
9. Animals found only in Australia.
Answer:
1. Sun
2. Asia
3. Australia
4. Landforms
5. Rills
6. Rivers
7. Waterfall
8. Ozone
9. Kangaroos
In simple words: This section asks you to identify different geographical features, atmospheric layers, and animals based on their descriptions. The provided answers cover a range of such identifications.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying terms from a list, ensure you understand what each item describes and match it to the correct concept or name. Be aware that the answer list might cover more items than explicitly asked in the question part.

 

Question 4. In the following sentences, underline the words that refer to landforms.
Answer:
1. Ganga is India's longest river.
2. Esselworld is situated near the sea shore.
3. Andaman and Nicobar are beautiful islands.
4. Agriculture is the main occupation in the plains. The identification of landforms helps in understanding the geography of a region.
In simple words: For each sentence, find the word or phrase that describes a natural feature of the Earth's surface and mark it.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to identify specific types of words, read each sentence carefully and focus on the definitions of the target word type (e.g., landforms) to ensure accurate identification.

Answer The Following In One Sentence:

 

Question 1. What is a coastal region?
Answer: The land along the margins of an ocean is called a coastal region. These areas often have unique ecosystems and economic activities.
In simple words: A coastal region is simply the land right next to the sea or ocean.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining terms, provide a clear, concise, and accurate definition, often starting with the core concept and then adding a key characteristic.

 

Question 2. What is a lake?
Answer: A water body formed by water collecting naturally in a low lying area of land is called a lake. These natural depressions can vary greatly in size and depth.
In simple words: A lake is a natural pool of water that forms in a low area on land.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define key geographical terms clearly and concisely.

 

Question 3. What is meant by hydrosphere?
Answer: The water or ice that occupies the earth's surface, groundwater and the water vapour in the atmosphere together form the earth's hydrosphere. This vital component plays a crucial role in regulating the planet's climate and supporting life.
In simple words: The hydrosphere includes all the water on Earth, whether it's liquid, ice, or vapor in the air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to include all forms of water (liquid, solid, gas) when defining the hydrosphere.

 

Question 4. Name the layers of the atmosphere.
Answer: The layers of the atmosphere are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere and exosphere. Each layer has distinct characteristics and plays a unique role in protecting our planet.
In simple words: The atmosphere has five main layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the layers of the atmosphere in the correct order from lowest to highest.

 

Question 5. What is the atmosphere made up of?
Answer: The atmosphere mainly consists of a mixture of gases, namely nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour and carbon dioxide. Trace amounts of other gases like argon and neon are also present.
In simple words: The atmosphere is mostly made of nitrogen and oxygen, with smaller amounts of water vapor and carbon dioxide.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about composition, always mention the major components first.

 

Question 6. Which three spheres envelope the earth?
Answer: The hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere envelope the earth. These three spheres interact constantly, creating the conditions necessary for life.
In simple words: The Earth is surrounded by three main layers: the water (hydrosphere), the land (lithosphere), and the air (atmosphere).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly identify the three main environmental spheres of the Earth.

 

Question 7. Which sphere is present in all the three spheres?
Answer: The biosphere spreads in all the three spheres. This interconnectedness allows life to thrive in diverse environments across the planet.
In simple words: The biosphere, which is where all life exists, can be found within the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the biosphere is the zone of life, interacting with all other spheres.

 

Question 8. What portion of the earth is land?
Answer: Approximately 29% of the Earth's surface is covered by land. The remaining 71% is covered by water, primarily oceans. This distribution of land and water significantly influences global climate patterns and biodiversity.
In simple words: About 29% of the Earth's surface is land, while most of it (71%) is water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the approximate percentages for land and water distribution on Earth.

 

Question 9. What is a continent?
Answer: A vast continuous stretch of land is called a continent. These large landmasses are fundamental geographical features of our planet.
In simple words: A continent is a very large, unbroken area of land.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that continents are defined by their continuous landmass, distinguishing them from smaller islands or regions.

 

Question 10. Into how many continents is the land on earth divided?
Answer: Land on earth is divided into seven continents.
In simple words: The Earth's land is split into seven big parts called continents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the number of continents is a basic geographical fact that is often asked in quizzes and exams.

 

Question 11. Name the seven continents of the earth?
Answer: The seven continents are Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica and Australia. Each continent has unique geographical and cultural characteristics.
In simple words: The seven continents are Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, and Australia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice listing the continents from largest to smallest, or by their location, to help remember them all.

 

Question 12. Which is the largest and the smallest continent?
Answer: Asia is the largest continent and Australia is the smallest continent. This size difference highlights the vast scale of Earth's landmasses.
In simple words: Asia is the biggest continent, and Australia is the smallest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember both the largest and smallest examples when asked for comparisons, as this shows complete knowledge.

 

Question 13. Name the five oceans of the earth.
Answer: The five oceans are the Atlantic, Pacific, Artie, the Southern Ocean and the Indian Ocean. These vast bodies of water cover most of the Earth's surface.
In simple words: The five oceans are the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern, and Indian Oceans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with the spelling of "Arctic" and "Pacific" and ensure you list all five correctly.

 

Question 14. Name some water bodies that form along the coastal region.
Answer:
In simple words: (The answer content for this question is not provided in the source text.)

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about coastal water bodies, think about features like bays, gulfs, estuaries, lagoons, and straits that are common in these areas.

Sea, bay, gulf, strait7, creek8 etc. are some water bodies formed along the coastal region.

 

Question 15. How are rivers formed?
Answer: Rills, brooks9, and smaller streams join each other to form rivers. These smaller water flows combine, gathering strength and volume as they move downhill.
In simple words: Small streams and brooks come together, growing bigger to become a river.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that rivers start from many small sources combining, not usually from a single large origin.

 

Question 16. What is a waterfall?
Answer: In some places, a river cascades down a sudden drop, creating a waterfall. This dramatic descent happens when the river flows over a resistant rock layer and then erodes softer rock below.
In simple words: A waterfall is formed when a river flows over a steep cliff or sudden drop.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining geographical features, always mention the key action (cascades down) and the result (forms a waterfall).

 

Question 17. Where do rivers end?
Answer: All rivers eventually flow into the ocean, a sea, a lake, or another river. The ocean is the ultimate destination for most major river systems.
In simple words: Most rivers end by flowing into the ocean, a sea, or a large lake.

🎯 Exam Tip: While oceans are the most common answer, remember that some rivers also end in lakes or merge with other larger rivers.

 

Question 18. What is snow?
Answer: Water particles in the cloud freeze and in the cold regions, they come down in the form of snow. Snowflakes are intricate ice crystals that form in the atmosphere.
In simple words: Snow is frozen water particles from clouds that fall in very cold places.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize both the freezing of water particles in clouds and their descent in cold regions to fully define snow.

 

Question 19. What are icebergs?
Answer: Huge blocks or mass of ice floating in the sea are called icebergs. These massive chunks of freshwater ice break off from glaciers or ice shelves.
In simple words: Icebergs are very large pieces of ice that float in the ocean.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key characteristics of an iceberg are its size ("huge blocks") and its location ("floating in the sea").

 

Question 20. What is ground water?
Answer: There is a lot of water stored in the underground layers of rock, and this water is called ground water. It is a vital source of drinking water for many communities.
In simple words: Ground water is the water found stored beneath the Earth's surface in rocks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that ground water is not just any underground water, but specifically water stored within rock layers.

 

Question 21. What is hydrosphere?
Answer: The water or ice that occupies the earth's surface, ground water and the water vapour in the atmosphere together form the earth's hydrosphere. This vast system plays a crucial role in regulating Earth's climate.
In simple words: The hydrosphere is all the water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and even water vapor in the air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the hydrosphere includes water in all its forms (liquid, solid, gas) and locations, from deep underground to high in the atmosphere.

 

Question 22. What is atmosphere?
Answer: The envelope of air around the earth is called the atmosphere. This protective layer is essential for life on our planet.
In simple words: The atmosphere is the blanket of air that surrounds the Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining atmosphere, emphasize that it's an "envelope of air" and surrounds the "earth" to score full marks.

 

Question 23. Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the surface of the earth?
Answer: The troposphere is closest to the surface of the earth. Most of Earth's weather occurs within this layer.
In simple words: The troposphere is the lowest part of the atmosphere, right where we live.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the order of atmospheric layers; the troposphere is the first one from the ground up.

 

Question 24. What happens to the air as we go higher in the troposphere?
Answer: As we go higher in the troposphere the air becomes rarer and cooler. This change in air density and temperature is a key characteristic of this atmospheric layer.
In simple words: Higher up in the troposphere, the air gets thinner and colder.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing changes with altitude, always mention both density (rarer) and temperature (cooler) for a complete answer.

 

Question 25. What is the ozone layer?
Answer: In the lower part of the stratosphere, there is a layer of a gas called ozone. This vital layer protects life on Earth from harmful radiation.
In simple words: The ozone layer is a special gas layer found in the lower stratosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specify that the ozone layer is a "layer of gas" and its location is in the "lower part of the stratosphere" for precision.

 

Question 26. How is ozone layer useful for the living things on earth?
Answer: Ultraviolet rays coming from the sun are harmful for living things, but the ozone layer absorbs them and protects the living world from those rays. This absorption prevents severe damage to DNA and other biological molecules.
In simple words: The ozone layer acts like a shield, blocking dangerous ultraviolet rays from the sun that can harm living things.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key function of the ozone layer is to "absorb ultraviolet rays" and "protect living things," so make sure to include these phrases.

 

Question 27. In which region are elephants and lions found?
Answer:
In simple words: Elephants and lions are typically found in the savanna grasslands and forests of Africa and parts of Asia.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about animal habitats, specify both the continent/region and the type of environment (e.g., savanna, forest) for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 28. Where are kangaroos found?
Answer: Kangaroos are found only in Australia. These unique marsupials are native to the continent.
In simple words: Kangaroos live only in Australia, their natural home.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about animal habitats, specify the exact geographical location or region where they are found.

 

Question 29. Where are polar bears found?
Answer: Polar bears are seen only in the snowbound polar regions. They are well-adapted to these extremely cold environments.
In simple words: Polar bears live only in very cold, snowy areas near the Earth's poles.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about animal habitats, mention the specific type of environment (e.g., snowbound polar regions) in addition to the general location.

Give Geographical Reasons:

 

Question 1. As we go higher in the troposphere it becomes cooler.
Answer: 1. The surface of the earth gets heated due to the heat of the sun. 2. So, the air near the surface is the hottest. 3. Therefore as we go higher in the troposphere it becomes cooler. This phenomenon is known as the lapse rate.
In simple words: The ground warms the air closest to it. As you go higher, you get further from this warm ground, so the air gets colder.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining geographical reasons, always start with the primary cause (sun's heat) and follow with the logical sequence of effects.

 

Question 2. All weather-related phenomena take place in the troposphere.
Answer: 1. Almost all water vapour in the atmosphere is present in the troposphere. 2. Therefore, all weather related phenomena take place in the troposphere. The presence of water vapor is crucial for cloud formation and precipitation.
In simple words: Most of the water vapor in the air is in the troposphere, and water vapor is needed for all weather like clouds and rain.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that water vapour is the key component for weather phenomena, and its concentration in the troposphere is the main reason for weather activity there.

 

Question 3. Mountaineers carry oxygen in cylinders when they climb mountains that are more than 5000 m high.
Answer: 1. As we go higher from the surface of the earth, the air in the atmosphere becomes rarer. This means there is less oxygen available to breathe at higher altitudes.
In simple words: Higher up mountains, the air gets thinner, meaning there's less oxygen, so climbers need extra oxygen to breathe.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining reasons for carrying oxygen at high altitudes, focus on the decreasing air density and reduced oxygen availability.

Answer Briefly:

 

Question 1. What is a glacier?
Answer: In cold regions, when layers of snow pile up on the ground, they form ice. When such layers of ice pileup in a low lying area, they become enormous in size. This huge mass slips down a slope at a very slow speed. This is called a glacier, and these slow-moving rivers of ice are powerful sculptors of landscapes.
In simple words: Glaciers are huge, slow-moving masses of ice formed when layers of snow compact over time in cold places.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the key characteristics of a glacier: formation from snow, enormous size, and very slow movement down a slope.

 

Question 2. What is groundwater? How can we obtain it?
Answer: There is a lot of water stored in the underground layers of rock. It is called groundwater. We can obtain it by means of dug wells and bore wells. Many lakes and wells get water from underground springs, making it accessible for human use.
In simple words: Groundwater is water found beneath the Earth's surface in rock layers, which we can get using wells and boreholes.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining groundwater, define it first, then describe the methods of extraction like dug wells and bore wells.

 

Question 3. Explain 'troposphere'.
Answer: The layer of air that extends from the earth's surface to a height of about 13 km is called the troposphere. The conditions in the troposphere change continuously. As this layer touches the surface of the earth, the living world gets greatly affected. As we go higher in the troposphere, the air gets cooler and rarer. Almost all the water vapour in the atmosphere is contained in the troposphere, which is why all weather-related phenomena such as formation of clouds, rain, fog, winds and storms takes place in this layer.
In simple words: The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending about 13 km up, where all our weather happens and air gets colder as you go higher.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining atmospheric layers, always mention their height, key characteristics (like weather phenomena), and how conditions change with altitude.

 

Question 4. How do we get rain?
Answer:
1. As the water vapour is lighter than air, it rises high up into the atmosphere. This initial rise is crucial for the entire process.
2. As it goes higher, it cools and condenses into fine droplets of water.
3. These droplets are so small and light that they float in the atmosphere forming clouds.
4. These small droplets join together and form bigger drops that are heavy.
5. These heavy drops of water cannot float, so they fall down on the earth in the form of 'rain'.
In simple words: Water vapor goes up, gets cold, turns into tiny drops that form clouds, then these drops join to become heavy and fall as rain.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining natural processes, describe each step in a logical sequence to ensure clarity and completeness.

Write A Note About The Following

 

Question 4. Stratosphere:
Answer:
1. Beyond the troposphere, up to a height of about 50 km from the earth is the layer called the stratosphere. It's an important layer for protecting life on Earth.
2. In the lower part of the stratosphere, there is a layer of gas called ozone.
3. Ultraviolet rays coming from the sun are harmful for living things.
4. But the ozone layer absorbs them and protects the living world from those rays.
In simple words: The stratosphere is a layer above the troposphere, containing the ozone layer which acts like a shield, protecting us from harmful sun rays.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing atmospheric layers, always mention their key characteristics, altitude, and any significant features like the ozone layer.

Use Your Brain Power!

 

Question 1. In which layer of the atmosphere do we see the rainbow?
Answer: We see the rainbow in the troposphere. This is because rainbows form when sunlight interacts with water droplets, which are abundant in the troposphere.
In simple words: Rainbows appear in the troposphere, which is the lowest part of the atmosphere where weather happens.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that most weather phenomena, including rainbows, occur in the troposphere, the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere.

Can You Tell?

 

Question 1. Where do you get water from?
Answer: Rain. Rain is the primary natural source of fresh water on Earth.
In simple words: We get water mainly from rain, which falls from the sky.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about natural resources, identify the most direct and common source.

 

Question 2. Where do we lay the foundation of buildings?
Answer: Lithosphere. The lithosphere provides the solid ground necessary for construction.
In simple words: Building foundations are laid on the lithosphere, which is the solid, rocky outer part of the Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the lithosphere refers to the Earth's solid crust and upper mantle, which supports all land-based structures.

 

Question 3. Which need is met through breathing?
Answer: Breathing helps us to keep us alive. We take in oxygen from the air and give out carbon dioxide. This continuous exchange of gases is vital for cellular respiration and energy production.
In simple words: Breathing fulfills our need for oxygen to stay alive and removes waste carbon dioxide from our bodies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the primary gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out) and its life-sustaining role.

 

Question 4. From where does the earth get light and heat?
Answer: Sun. The Sun's energy is crucial for photosynthesis and maintaining Earth's climate.
In simple words: The Earth receives all its light and heat from the Sun, which is our star.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always identify the Sun as the ultimate source of light and heat for Earth.

 

Question 5. Make as long a list as you can of all the living things you see in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
Answer:

Lithosphere	Hydrosphere	Atmosphere
1. Trees	1. Fishes	1. Birds
2. Rabbit	2. Whales	2. Butterflies

Each of these spheres supports a unique and diverse range of life forms adapted to its specific conditions.
In simple words: Living things are found in all parts of Earth: on land (lithosphere), in water (hydrosphere), and in the air (atmosphere).

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing examples for different spheres, ensure you provide distinct examples for each environment (land, water, air).

Glossary

1. vast - immense
2. margins – the edge or border of something.
3. phenomena – situation or fact
4. snowbound – covered in snow
5. crust – the tough, outer part.
6. cascades - pour ownwards rapidly.
7. strait a narrow passage of water connecting two seas
8. creek a stream or minor tributary of water
9. brook a C small stream.
10. float move and honer on the surface of water
11. evaporation – process of liquid changing into a gas.
12. decomposing – decaying
13. accumulated – gathered together.