Maharashtra Board Class 12 Sociology Chapter 6 Social Problems in India Solutions

Social Problems in India Class 12 Sociology Chapter 6 Questions and Answers

1A. Complete the Following Statements by Choosing the Correct Alternative Given in the Brackets and Rewrite It.

 

Question 1. The Domestic Violence Act was passed in the year ___________
(a) 1995
(b) 2005
(c) 2011
Answer: (b) 2005
In simple words: The Domestic Violence Act was made into a law in 2005 to protect women from abuse and violence within their homes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize key years of major social acts like the Domestic Violence Act (2005) as they are frequently asked in objective questions.

 

Question 2. One of the causes of farmer suicide is ___________ (multi-cropping, indebtedness, climate change)
Answer: indebtedness
In simple words: Many farmers face extreme financial pressure when they cannot pay back the loans they took for farming, which unfortunately leads some to take drastic steps.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always choose the option that represents the primary economic distress factor discussed in your textbook chapters on rural issues.

1B. Correct the Incorrect Pair and Rewrite It.

 

Question 1.
(a) Marijuana – Drug addiction
(b) Violent films – Internet addiction
(c) Selfitis syndrome – Substance addiction
(d) Country liquor – Alcohol addiction
Answer: (c) Selfitis Syndrome – Mobile addiction
In simple words: Selfitis syndrome is the obsessive habit of taking selfies, which is a form of mobile phone addiction, not substance abuse.

🎯 Exam Tip: When correcting pairs, clearly write down the incorrect pair first and then write the corrected version to secure full marks.

1C. Identify the Appropriate Term From the Given Options in the Box and Rewrite It Against the Given Statement.

Narcotic drugs, Patriarchy, Gender discrimination

 

Question 1. A problem faced by transgender persons,
Answer: Gender discrimination
In simple words: Transgender individuals often face unfair treatment and bias in society because of their gender identity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Match the terms carefully by reading the definition twice to avoid confusing gender-related terms with social structures like patriarchy.

 

Question 2. It can lead to physical health problems.
Answer: Narcotic drugs
In simple words: Consuming illegal and harmful substances like narcotics severely damages a person's physical health and body systems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you select the term that directly impacts physical health from the given options box.

1D. Correct Underlined Words and Complete the Statement.

 

Question 1. Alcoholics Anonymous helps drug addicts.
Answer: Narcotics Anonymous helps drug addicts.
In simple words: While Alcoholics Anonymous helps people recover from alcohol addiction, Narcotics Anonymous is the specific group that helps those addicted to drugs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Underline the corrected word in your final answer sheet so the examiner can easily spot your correction.

 

Question 2. Aging is an artificial process.
Answer: Aging is a natural process. This biological progression occurs gradually over time in all living organisms.
In simple words: Growing older is a natural part of life, not something man-made or artificial.

🎯 Exam Tip: When correcting false statements, state the correct fact clearly and concisely to secure full marks.

2. Write Short Notes

 

Question 1. Effects of addiction
Answer: Addiction means, a situation of psychological and physical dependence on alcohol, drugs, the internet, or mobiles. The psychological effect on the individual: Addiction leads to a dependency on alcohol, narcotic drugs, medicinal drugs, the internet, social media, and even mobile phone. There could emerge a need for validation for every single image that is uploaded. Impact on family: Alcohol addiction problems pose a threat to stable family life resulting in domestic violence. Addiction to mobiles can lead to loneliness within the family because of a lack of communication. Impact on health: The levels of stress, anxiety, and aggression can take their toll on the physical, mental and emotional well-being of addicts as well as others in the family. Impact on work: it can adversely affect levels of commitment, efficiency, an increase in instances of sexual harassment, exploitation of vulnerable people, inability to focus on any activity, increased absenteeism, etc. These multi-faceted impacts demonstrate how deeply addiction can disrupt every area of a person's life.
In simple words: Addiction makes a person overly dependent on substances or screens, which harms their mental health, ruins family relationships, causes stress, and hurts their work performance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your short notes with clear subheadings like 'Impact on family' and 'Impact on health' to make your answer easy for the examiner to read.

 

Question 2. Measures to tackle the problem of aging.
Answer: Aging is an inevitable and irreversible biological process. However, active aging strategies, regular medical checkups, and strong social support systems can significantly improve the quality of life for the elderly.
In simple words: Although growing older is a natural process that cannot be stopped, we can manage it by staying active, healthy, and socially connected.

🎯 Exam Tip: Even if a process is natural, focus your answer on practical solutions like healthcare, diet, and social support to address the challenges of aging.

Measures to Tackle the Problem of Aging

• Role of the Government: The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has the responsibility to formulate policies and implement programmes for the care of the aged.
• Policy: The National Policy on Older Persons (NPOP) envisages support from the state government towards older persons’ care via the provisions of shelter, support, healthcare facilities, etc.
• Role of Organizations/NGOs: NGOs have contributed significantly towards helping the problem of the aged in India. For example, in Help Age India, Harmony India Today there are online communities that can lend support.
• Role of Education: Schools can help through community service projects, outreach programmes, socially useful productive work and NSS create awareness about the problems of the elderly, aged, and senior which can inculcate values of caring for them.
• Role of Family: Parents, and relatives can play a major role in creating a suitable atmosphere within the family by involving them in activities.

Above are the measures which we can implement to tackle the problem of aging.

Write Differences

 

Question 1. Social Problem and Individual Problem
Answer:

Social Problem	Individual Problem
(i) Meaning: A social problem is faced by numerous persons is described as a social problem.	(i) Meaning: A problem that is faced by an individual and his/her family is described as an individual problem.
(ii) Effects: Anti-social norms behaviour is considered as a social problem.	(ii) Effects: An individual’s own habit, lethargy, inertia, personality is an individual problem that may affect the individual.

Understanding these differences helps in identifying whether an issue requires public policy intervention or personal counseling.
In simple words: A social problem affects many people in a society and needs collective action, while an individual problem affects only one person or their family and can be solved personally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Present differences in a neat tabular format with clear parameters like 'Meaning' and 'Effects' to secure full marks.

 

Question 1. Distinguish between: Social problem and Individual problem
Answer:

Social Problem	Individual Problem
(ii) It is a social problem as it affects the wellbeing of the entire society.	(ii) It affects the well-being of an individual, thus the cause of the problem rests with the individual.
(iii) Solution: Removal of social problems requires collective efforts to the wellbeing of the entire society.	(iii) Solution: The efforts of the concerned individual may be sufficient to solve his/her problem.
(iv) Nature: A social problem is rooted in the individuals who constitute the society. When the problem of poverty is tackled, the problem of poor individuals gets solved.	(iv) Nature: When the scope of a personal problem enlarges and is faced by numerous individuals, it becomes a social problem, e.g. Unemployment.
(v) For example, Ageing, Unemployment, Farmers’ Suicide, Domestic Violence, Addiction, corruption, overpopulation are social problems.	(v) For example, lack of job opportunities, matching one’s education or skills, conventional mindsets of a community, lack of political will, etc., are individual problems.

In simple words: A social problem affects many people in a community and needs everyone to work together to fix it. An individual problem only affects one person and can usually be solved by that person alone.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing distinction tables, ensure that points on both sides directly correspond to each other for maximum marks.

 

Question 2. Distinguish between: Mobile addiction and Drug addiction
Answer:

Mobile addiction	Drug addiction
(i) Nature: It refers to an obsession with mobile phones for various reasons, and a desire to constantly upgrade one’s mobile phone.	(i) Nature: It refers to a physical and biological dependence on drugs which leads to unpleasant symptoms when the person stops using the substance.
(ii) Causes: Easy access to the internet due to which it is flooded with information, misuse of mobile phones for destructive, negative, and vested purposes.	(ii) Causes: Peer pressure, curiosity, personal and psychological conditions such as depression/inferiority/superiority complex.
(iii) Effect: Almost constantly on call, cybersex addiction, online gaming, and social isolation.	(iii) Effect: Dependency on drugs, stress, anxiety, aggression or irritability can take control of a person's life.

In simple words: Mobile addiction is being overly obsessed with using your phone and the internet. Drug addiction is a physical dependency on harmful substances that makes your body crave them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use clear headings like Nature, Causes, and Effects within your comparison table to make your answer structured and easy to read.

Mobile Addiction	Drug Addiction
compulsions, virtual relationships, etc., are the effects of mobile addiction.	its toll on addicts. Inability to focus on activity etc., are the effects of drug addiction.
(iv) Measures: Self-assessment, getting involved in participative activities such as hobby classes, sports and games can help in building positive experiences for individuals which can help to tackle mobile addiction.	(iv) Measures: Creating awareness among the public, counseling, laws, drug addiction clinic, mass media, etc., are the measures to tackle drug addiction.

Explain the Following Concepts with Examples

 

Question 1. Domestic Violence
Answer:
• Domestic violence refers to abuse within the family, violence implies psychological, emotional, verbal, and physical torture. It is a repeated/habitual pattern of behaviour. Domestic violence cuts across all classes, ages, categories, stress, and genders.
• Causes of domestic violence are patriarchal system, dysfunctional relationships, vulnerability, etc. Education and support systems play a vital role in helping victims escape these abusive environments.
• It is necessary to create awareness of the fact that domestic violence is not acceptable in a civilised 21st-century society.
• Examples: Snide remarks, bickering, labelling, verbal spats, and physical assault.
In simple words: Domestic violence is when someone is hurt or abused by a family member at home. It can be physical, emotional, or verbal, and we must work together to stop it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define the term and provide real-world examples like verbal abuse or physical assault to secure full marks.

 

Question 2. Skill Development
Answer:
• Skill development refers to the identification of skill gaps and developing the existing skills to enable a person to achieve his/her goals so that there will be no more problems of unemployment due to lack of adequate skills. By focusing on vocational training and practical knowledge, individuals can significantly improve their career prospects.
• The current generation lacks the required skills and there is a humongous gap between the skills existing in a person and the skills demanded by the industry.
In simple words: Skill development means learning and improving practical skills needed for jobs. This helps people find good work and reduces unemployment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain how skill development bridges the gap between education and employment, and mention its role in reducing unemployment.

5A. Complete the Concept Map

 

Question 1. Complete the concept map.
Answer:
The completed concept map for Solutions to Substance Addiction includes:

• Counselling
• De-addiction clinics
• LAWS
• Mass Media

These solutions work together to help individuals overcome addiction and reintegrate into society.
In simple words: To solve the problem of drug or alcohol addiction, we need a mix of counselling, special medical clinics, strict laws, and awareness campaigns through media.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always write clear, short-phrase answers in concept maps as they are designed to test your memory of key terms.

 

5B. State Whether the Following Statements are True or False with Reasons

 

Question 1. Technology is always useful for social progress.
Answer: This statement is False. Though technology produces skilled workers, good quality material and well-paid job opportunities, materialistic comfort, easy travel, communication of media, easy access to information, and present opportunities for social progress. It has an adverse impact too. The Internet has given us access to data which is good for many reasons but the internet also is a means to an entire virtual world which can be problematic it may lead to internet addiction when there is a compelling need on the part of an individual to have to continuously access specific internet sites for gaming, adult sites, pornography, social media, entertainment, and stimulation. Similarly, if one goes beyond a mobile phone like a gadget, to what the phone does for us, it opens a Pandora’s Box of possibilities like connectivity, social media networking, gaming, access to the web world, filming, editing, creative enterprises, and numerous apps serving a variety of needs which creates mobile addiction. It develops an urge to be on a call constantly and a habit of checking one’s messages during sleep also leads to anxiety caused by loss of one’s phone and contacts. Thus, technology can take a toll on mental and physical well-being too. While it connects us globally, it can sometimes isolate us locally.
In simple words: Technology has many benefits like easy communication and travel, but it can also lead to serious addictions and anxiety if used too much.

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying a True/False statement, clearly state 'True' or 'False' first, then provide balanced arguments covering both positive and negative aspects of the topic.

 

Question 2. There is a strong causal relationship between addiction and socialisation.
Answer: This statement is True. Peer groups, family, neighbourhood, society, mass media are important agencies of socialisation. Generally, individuals do not opt consciously to become an ‘addict’. It is what they become over a period of time. Under the influence of several factors. Peer pressure and social status – Friends in a group may knowingly or unknowingly pressurize others to adopt certain habits in order to ‘fit in’ which is common. These social circles heavily shape our daily choices and habits.
In simple words: Our friends, family, and media influence how we behave, and sometimes peer pressure to fit into a group can lead to addictive habits over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score full marks, explain how socialization agents like peer groups and media play a direct role in shaping behaviors that can lead to addiction.

Give Your Personal Response

 

Question 1. Why do you think women are usually the victims in most reported cases of domestic violence?
Answer:
• Yes, most women are the victims in most reported cases of domestic violence.
• Due to the patriarchal system in which says unwritten acceptance of male authority. This systemic inequality often leaves them with fewer resources to escape abusive situations.
• Religious outlook and traditional mind are set especially in institutions like marriage, family, religion which gives supremacy of men over women in almost every sphere of life.
• Economic dependency of women on men.
• And women are most vulnerable in the weaker sections of society.
• So, I think women are usually the victims in most reported cases of domestic violence.
In simple words: Women are often the main victims of domestic abuse because of old-fashioned social rules that give men more power and make women financially dependent on them.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering personal response questions, structure your points clearly using bullet points to make it easy for the examiner to read and award full marks.

 

Question 2. Discuss how keeping aged parents in a ‘Home for the Aged’ can have positive and negative consequences.
Answer: Any statement/matter has two sides i.e., positive and negative. Same way keeping aged parents in a ‘Home for the aged’ can have positive and negative sides. This transition can bring both relief and emotional challenges for families.
(i) First, we see the positive side:
• In the 21st century, couples both go to work in that case to get the proper care they prefer ‘Home for the aged’
• In these old age homes, elderly people meet many people of their age, this allows them to make new friends with whom they can talk and do various
In simple words: Sending elderly parents to a care home has both pros and cons. On the positive side, they get professional care when busy children are at work, and they can make friends of their own age.

🎯 Exam Tip: For discussion-based questions, always present both sides of the argument clearly to show a balanced perspective.

Answer the Following Question in Detail (About 150-200 Words)

 

Question 1. Discuss why farmers’ suicide is a social problem today. Suggest suitable socio-economic measures to support the farmers.
Answer: India is described as an agrarian society, 70% Indian population is involved in agrarian work. Farmers are the pillar of the Indian agrarian workforce. The past decade has witnessed an increasing number of farmer suicides. Farmer suicide is a serious social problem. Farmer’s suicide is a social problem because it has an adverse impact on their families, spouse, children, economy, and society at large. Implementing sustainable agricultural practices and ensuring fair market prices are also crucial steps toward long-term stability.

Following are the social-economic measures to support farmers:
Support to farmers in distress: Farmers need a support system to help them with various crises that arise due to irregular monsoons, crop failure, failure, indebtedness, etc.

Insurance: Life insurance for distressed farmers and this family and crop insurance against crop failure, failure of monsoons, destruction of agricultural produce by locusts or viruses, etc., should be provided to farmers.

Provisions for direct sales from farmers to buyers: Removal of middlemen, agents, brokers who grab a large share of the profits and leaving a meager sum for marginal/small farmers who actually put their sweat to grow the crop.
In simple words: Many farmers in India face extreme stress due to crop failures, bad weather, and heavy debts, which sometimes leads to suicide. This affects entire families and communities, so we must support them with better insurance, direct selling options, and financial help.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering long questions on social issues, clearly define the problem first, then list distinct, actionable solutions using clear headings to make your answer easy to read.

Water harvesting: Water is a basic and essential requirement for farming so for good yield. Effective measures for water harvesting and water management are necessary.

Role of banks: Banks and cooperative credit societies need to set up their systems in farmer-friendly ways. The disbursement of loans to farmers and also need to encourage a saving habit among farmers.

Multi cropping: Farmers need a strong support system from the government to provide training to farmers for growing two or more crops on the same piece of land in the same growing season.

 

Check Your Progress (Textbook Page No. 85)

 

Question 1. State any three problems faced by the aging population.
Answer:
Problems faced by the aging population:
• Economic dependence on others for daily survival.
• Lack of emotional empathy from family and society.
• Isolation / loneliness due to changing family structures.
• Difficulty in accepting the physical and mental challenges of the aging problem.
In simple words: Elderly people often struggle because they depend on others for money, feel lonely and left out, and find it hard to cope with getting older and weaker.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use clear bullet points to list the problems. Highlighting terms like 'economic dependence' and 'isolation' helps the examiner quickly identify the core points.

 

Question 2. Suggest three measures for the problems faced by senior citizens.
Answer:
• Government should formulate policies and implement welfare programs for senior citizens.
• Family should create a suitable atmosphere in the home, involving them in activities within the home.
• Community groups should establish recreational centers to keep senior citizens socially active and engaged.
In simple words: We can help senior citizens by having the government provide good healthcare and pensions, making sure families include them in home activities, and creating social clubs where they can meet friends.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize your suggestions into government, family, and community levels to present a well-structured and comprehensive answer.

Check Your Progress (Textbook Page No. 88)

 

Question 1. In your opinion what do you think our educational system needs to do to solve the problem of unemployment among youth and young adults?
Answer:
• There should be a change in the educational system, it should become need-based and learner-centered.
• Education should cultivate skills apart from knowledge, which is employment-worthy, or those which can promote self-employment.
• Vocational training.
• Industry-Education symbiosis. This collaborative approach ensures that students acquire the exact practical skills currently demanded by modern employers.
In simple words: Our schools should focus more on teaching practical job skills and hands-on training rather than just memorizing textbooks, so students can easily find work after graduating.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering opinion-based questions on education, highlight key terms like 'vocational training', 'learner-centered', and 'skill development' to secure maximum marks.

 

Question 2. Give two reasons why unemployment is unhealthy for a democratic society.
Answer:
• Unemployment leads to anti-social activities.
• It leads to youth towards addiction.
• Impact on mental health like frustration, disappointment, etc. Widespread unemployment can ultimately undermine public trust in democratic institutions and governance.
In simple words: When people cannot find jobs, it leads to frustration, rise in crime, and addiction, which harms the peace and growth of the entire community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Even if the question asks for two reasons, listing all three points from the textbook ensures you get full marks.

 

Question 3. Is there a connection between population growth and unemployment? Discuss in brief.
Answer: Yes, growing population growth is connected to other unemployment. The rising population is accompanied by rising in the labour force of the society which leads to a substantial chunk of the population to unemployment. Due to this, there is an imbalance between employment opportunities and popularity growth. This gap widens further when job creation cannot keep pace with the rapid rate of population expansion.
In simple words: Yes, when the population grows too fast, there are more people looking for work than there are jobs available, which directly leads to higher unemployment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state 'Yes' at the beginning of your answer and explain the imbalance between the rising labor force and available job opportunities.

Check Your Progress (Textbook Page No. 91)

 

Question 1. Discuss how multi-cropping will help farmers.
Answer:
• Multi cropping is the practice of sequentially growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during one growing season instead of just one crop. This agricultural strategy helps maximize land productivity throughout the year.
• It allows farmers to achieve a better result by making practical use of resources such as soil, water, fertilizers, etc.
• Utilization of nutrients is maximum as crops having different nutritional requirements and grows simultaneously in the same piece of land.
In simple words: Multi-cropping means growing different crops one after another on the same land. This helps farmers make the best use of soil, water, and nutrients to get a better harvest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define multi-cropping first, then list its benefits regarding resource utilization and nutrient efficiency to secure full marks.

 

Question 2. Why do you think there is a problem with irrigation? Give two reasons.
Answer:
• Delays in completion of irrigation projects.
• Inter-state water disputes. These challenges often hinder agricultural growth and affect crop yields.
• Regional disparities in irrigation development.
• Waterlogging and salinity.
• The increasing cost of irrigation.
In simple words: Irrigation faces problems because projects take too long to finish, states fight over water sharing, and watering fields too much can damage the soil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Even if the question asks for two reasons, memorizing three or four helps you write a complete answer if you forget one during the exam.

 

Question 3. Discuss the role of counselling in tackling the problem of farmer’s suicide.
Answer:
• Counselling plays a significant role in alleviating stress and helping depressed farmers to improve their self-esteem.
• The cause of farmer suicide is mental stress, caused by debt, crop failure, social evil dowry, etc. Providing timely psychological support can guide them towards constructive solutions.
• Counselling helps to relieve mental stress and develop self-esteem among farmers.
In simple words: Counselling helps farmers by giving them emotional support when they are stressed about debts or crop failures. It helps them feel better and find hope instead of giving up.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on keywords like 'mental stress', 'self-esteem', and 'alleviating stress' to show how counselling directly addresses the root psychological causes.

Check Your Progress (Textbook Page No. 93)

With Reference To The 'Bell Bajao Andolan'

 

Question 1. Show the usefulness of such a campaign.

Question 1. Write a short note on the Bell Bajao campaign.
Answer: Bell Bajao campaign was launched in India on 20th August 2008, founder of this campaign is Malaika Dutta. It is an anti-social domestic violence campaign that gives local residents to take and stand against physical abuse through simple acts means to interrupt domestic violence. This campaign has brought significant global attention to the issue of domestic abuse.
• It is a great initiative that makes people stand against violence and fight for their rights.
• Such a campaign can create awareness even if 15% of people support this initiative it could reduce the number of domestic violence in India. India contains a number of cases against domestic violence.
• More than 200,000 phone calls are placed to the domestic violence hotline every year. Such initiative can decrease the number of domestic violence from 50% to 1%. If we spread this awareness to a large number.
In simple words: The Bell Bajao campaign is an initiative started in 2008 to stop domestic violence by encouraging neighbors to ring the doorbell when they hear abuse. It helps raise awareness and encourages people to stand up for victims' rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the launch date (20th August 2008) and the core objective of interrupting domestic violence to secure full marks.

 

Question 2. What do you think is required for such a campaign to take off?
Answer: To make the campaign successful, several key steps are required:
• To gear up Bell Bajao campaign there should be initiative taken from men or a boy.
• The role of mass media plays a vital role for to create awareness about the Bell Bajao campaign.
• Without any hesitation, victims should take help then and then only domestic violence can be under control and the campaign motto will be successful. Community participation at the grassroots level is also essential for long-term success.
In simple words: For this campaign to succeed, men and boys need to take the lead, media must spread the word, and victims should feel safe to seek help immediately.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use bullet points to list the requirements clearly, highlighting the roles of men, mass media, and victims.

 

Question 3. Do you think such a campaign will succeed in metropolitan cities? Justify your response.
Answer: Yes, in a metropolitan city’s chances are more than 40% will get success, in the campaign. As compared to rural India, in metropolitan cities literate and understanding, the heterogeneous public is more which is, that they are highly exposed to the materialistic world. Since they have easy access to social media via various digital platforms, spreading awareness becomes much faster and more effective.
In simple words: Yes, this campaign is highly likely to succeed in big cities because people there are more educated, open-minded, and have easy access to social media to spread the message.

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying your response, compare metropolitan areas with rural areas in terms of literacy and media access to make your argument stronger.

Check Your Progress (Textbook Page No. 98)

 

Question 1. If you know a friend who has an addiction problem. What role can you play to help the person?
Answer: If my friend is addicted, I will try to help him to get rid of it. Supporting a friend through this process requires patience and constant encouragement.
• Involved him in a group activity.
• Will explain to him the negative effects and harmful to the body so that he will get alert, which means I will do counselling for my friend.
• Will ask him to develop some new hobbies like playing, dancing, etc.
• I will talk with his parents and will take their help to lead my friend towards a normal life.
• If any medical help is required then only I will avail health care facility to my friend.
In simple words: If a friend is addicted, I will help them by keeping them busy with group activities and hobbies. I will also talk to their parents and seek medical help if needed.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering about helping an addicted friend, list practical steps like counseling, involving them in hobbies, and seeking parental or medical support.

 

Question 2. Suggest two co-curricular activities that can be conducted in your school to solve the problem of mobile addiction.
Answer: These activities divert students' attention from screens to productive real-world engagements.
• Introduction to dramatics
• Elaborating library facility
• Sports
• Nature surfing
• Encouragement to performing Art- Dance, Music
In simple words: Schools can organize sports, drama, music, and nature walks to keep students engaged. This helps reduce their screen time and mobile phone usage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list at least two distinct co-curricular activities and briefly mention how they help divert attention from mobile screens.

 

Question 3. Identify three negative consequences of internet addiction.
Answer: Consequences of internet addiction:
• Lack of communication
• Physical health issues such as eye strain and headaches
• Poor academic performance and lack of focus
These consequences can severely impact a student's social and academic life.
In simple words: Internet addiction leads to less face-to-face communication, health problems like eye strain, and lower grades in school.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always state three distinct consequences such as social isolation, physical health issues, and academic decline to score full marks.

Activity 1 (Textbook Page No. 83)

 

Question. Hold a class discussion to share the problems faced by the aging population. Speak to your family members and share inputs.. If you can, speak to the elderly/aging people in your neighbourhood, informally and share these insights too.
Answer:
(i) Problems faced by the ageing population.
Older people are experiencing remarkable changes in their physical and social-economic circumstances. In nuclear families, they are gradually marginalised in the decision-making process. Hence, the family that traditionally took care of the elderly or sick people, widows, and orphans have started to rely on society as a whole. Getting older or ageing process can seem daunting cause greying hair, wrinkles, forgetting the things apart from this ageing can bring about unique health issues. Showing empathy and spending quality time with them can make a big difference in their lives.
(ii) Some of the problems faced by ageing people are listed down.
• Chronic health condition
• Physical injury
• Malnutrition
• Oral health
• Less immunity
• Mental health
• Cognitive health
• Sensory impairment
• Loss of bladder control and constipation
• Organ failure
In simple words: As people grow older, they face many physical, mental, and social changes, and they often need extra care and support from their families and communities.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing social issues like ageing, structure your answer by dividing it into social challenges and physical health problems to make it clear and impactful.

Activity 2 (Textbook Page No. 85)

 

Question. Form groups of 10 students. Each group collects data from 10 persons in your neighbourhood. Prepare a tool for data collection and use a personal interview technique or questionnaire to find out about their families: the size of family, educational level of each member, whether they are employed or not. Write a group report of about 10-15 pages. Present your findings in class.
Answer:
Sample of a survey/questionnaire
Topic-Research on unemployment
Gender.......
Age..........
No of members in family......
Yes/No Questions
• Are you working?
• Are you unemployed by choice?
• Is there a minimum level of wage below which you will not work?
• Are you trying to establish your own business?
• Are all the educated adults in your house employed?
• Is the market scenario difficult to get a well-paid job?
In simple words: This activity helps you design a simple survey to ask people in your neighborhood about their families and jobs to understand local employment patterns.

🎯 Exam Tip: When preparing a questionnaire, keep the questions short, clear, and easy to answer with a simple 'Yes' or 'No'.

 

Activity 3 (Textbook Page No. 88)

 

Question. Interview 5 working adults in the age group 22-30, in your local area. Find out about their educational background, work-life, and aspirations in life. Do you see any pattern in the responses that you receive? Discuss these in class.
Answer:

	Person 1	Person 2	Person 3	Person 4	Person 5
Name	X	Y	Z	A	B
Age	30	28	23	28	23
Residence	Worli	Worli	Worli	Worli	Lower Parel

In simple words: This table helps you collect and organize basic details like name, age, and area of residence for the people you interview.

🎯 Exam Tip: Presenting survey data in a clear table format makes it very easy for the examiner to read and helps you score full marks.

Qualification	S.S.C	B.Com	H.S.C	B.Sc.	B.Com
Work-life	Tailor stitching trousers, shirts, blazers as per customers demand. Design clothes on a computer also.	Garment merchant purchasing raw material, finishing the garment.	No job [Playing cricket]	Chemist Own medical shop at Parel ‘Kumar Bros. Medical’	Financial manager in India Bulls, Parel. Analysis of target, monitoring cash flow, back-office service, etc.
Aspirations in life/ambitions in life	Fond of music wanted a career in music.	Wanted to become a famous merchant.	Want to become a famous cricketer and wanted to play for the nation.	To focus on my medical shop.	No ambition, now at a good post and happy in that position.

Activity 4 (Textbook Page No. 93)

 

Question. Find out information about the ‘Bell Bajao Andolan’. Then, enact a small skit in your class.
Answer: According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 37% of Indian women have been abused and harassed by their husbands. Almost 50% of the Indian population, both men and women, believe that it is okay and even justifiable that a man beat up his wife, which is a deeply concerning social issue that needs to be addressed immediately. This campaign aims to bring awareness and stop domestic violence by encouraging people to ring the bell when they hear domestic abuse happening nearby.
In simple words: The 'Bell Bajao' campaign is an initiative to stop domestic violence. It encourages neighbors to ring the doorbell of a house when they hear domestic abuse, interrupting the violence and showing that people are watching.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about social campaigns, highlight the main objective of the campaign and support your answer with relevant statistics if available.

Bell Bajao Andolan
“Bell Bajao Andolan” this campaign was launched in India on 20th August 2008. Bell Bajao Andolan is an anti-domestic violence campaign that gives local residents to take and stand against physical abuse through simple acts means to interrupt domestic violence. This campaign promotes individual action against domestic violence. The founder of this initiative was Malaika Dutt.

In India Bell Bajao Andolan was an initiative that men have to take against domestic violence act is the campaign sought to reduce the occurrence of domestic violence and discrimination against women.

 

Activity 5 (Textbook Page No. 96)

 

Question. Class Discussion: The impact of Internet addiction and mobile addiction on human life.
Answer: Smartphone/mobile addiction, sometimes colloquially known as “nomophobia” which means fear of being without a mobile phone, is often fueled by an Internet overuse problem or Internet addiction disorder. This addiction can severely disrupt daily routines and sleep patterns.

Impact of internet and mobile addiction on human life:
• Virtual relationships
• Cybersex addiction
• Anxiety
• Lack of confidence
• Self-centeredness
• Information overload
• Online compulsions
• Depression
• Lack of communication
• Stress
In simple words: Being addicted to phones and the internet makes people feel anxious, lonely, and stressed because they spend too much time online instead of talking to real people.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the impacts of addiction, list both psychological effects (like anxiety and depression) and social effects (like lack of communication) to get full marks.

 

Activity 6 (Textbook Page No. 97)

 

Question. Prepare a 7-10 minute street play on The problem of internet addiction. End with a message of hope. Perform the street play on your campus and then in your...
Answer: To prepare this street play, students should form groups and assign roles such as an addicted teenager, concerned parents, and a narrator. The play should depict how excessive screen time distances the teenager from family and studies, but concludes positively as friends help them rediscover outdoor activities and real-world hobbies. Working together on this performance will also help build strong teamwork skills among classmates.
In simple words: Create a short drama showing a student who uses their phone too much, gets into trouble, but eventually learns to balance screen time with real life with the help of friends.

🎯 Exam Tip: For street play activities, focus on clear messaging, loud voices, and a strong, positive concluding theme to impress the evaluator.

 

Question. Organize a street play on internet addiction in your neighbourhood (After taking necessary permissions).
Answer: Students can perform a street play to create awareness about problems of internet addiction keeping in mind the following points to pass on as a message. Everyone these days is hooked to their mobile phones. While we may overlook this as a common behaviour in the current times, the truth is that it has deep behavioural and social impacts. It impacts our health, relationships as well as work. People suffering from mobile addiction suffer from nomophobia which is the fear of being without or unable to use your mobile phone for some reason or the other. This play will help spread critical awareness among local residents.
In simple words: A street play is a great way to show people how being addicted to mobile phones can harm our health and relationships.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about social awareness activities, mention key terms like 'nomophobia' and explain how the activity directly helps the community.

 

Activity 7 (Textbook Page No. 98)

 

Question. Make a list of 10 students’ activities that can be carried out in their leisure time. Find out from 10 of your peers about the activities they would take up, at least once every week. Tabulate your findings and share them with your class.
Answer: The leisure activities of 10 students have been surveyed and tabulated below to show how they spend their free time:

Student	Activities
Student No. 1	Watching Netflix, Amazon Prime, playing PUBG
Student No. 2	Drawing, Doing exercise, Playing PUBG
Student No. 3	Studying, interested in political news, video chat with friends
Student No. 4	Doing exercise, watching TV, cooking different dishes
Student No. 5	Using DIY ideas for home, video chat with friends, watching Netflix
Student No. 6	Helping parents for household work, playing video games
Student No. 7	Working in mall
Student No. 8	Attending online classes of Std. 12th, doing craft activities
Student No. 9	Handling fruit shop, watching TV
Student No. 10	Reading books, playing chess, gardening

In simple words: This table lists the different hobbies and tasks that ten students do during their free time each week.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always present survey results in a neat table with clear column headers to make the data easy to read and score full marks.

Activity 8 (Textbook Page No. 100)

 

Question. View 10-15 Television advertisements and analyse the extent to which advertisements promote or reinforce: gender stereotypes. Also, try to find out advertisements that do not present gender stereotypes. Have a class discussion after viewing select advertisements.
Answer: In the world, the biggest platform to influence people is none other than television. Television has been used in society for awareness campaigns such as for Polio, Literacy, Covid-19, etc., but as we know every coin has two sides. Similarly, this platform is misused by many companies for their vested interests.

Example:
In the advertisement of a fairness cream, it implies that only fair women are beautiful and only they can climb the ladder of success, and if they are dark or brown then you won’t be successful and aren’t considered beautiful.

Simply for the sale of their product, these companies resort to blatant racism and age-old gender stereotypes, indirectly stressing that women should be fair. Developing critical viewing habits helps us recognize these biases. Some examples of advertisements that do not present gender stereotypes are Sasa detergent powder, Rambandhu papad masala, Bajaj LED bulbs, etc.
In simple words: Many TV ads show old-fashioned ideas, like saying only fair-skinned women are beautiful or successful. However, some modern ads are changing this by showing everyone equally.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing media and stereotypes, always provide real-world examples (like fairness cream ads) to make your arguments stronger and more convincing.

 

Activity 9 (Textbook Page No. 100)

 

Question. Important legislation is taking shape in the Maharashtra Legislation Assembly regarding the situation of women’s sugarcane cutters of the Beed district. Many of them have undergone ‘hysterectomy’ or removal of the uterus. Collect information and discuss it in class.
Answer: Beed district: In the sugarcane cutter community, menstrual periods are considered a problem and they think surgery is the only option to get rid of it. Women in these regions often undergo these surgeries due to harsh working conditions and lack of basic sanitation.
In simple words: Women working as sugarcane cutters in Beed sometimes get surgeries to remove their wombs because they face difficult working conditions and lack proper healthcare during their periods.

🎯 Exam Tip: For social issues, focus on the root causes like lack of healthcare, sanitation, and awareness to write a well-rounded answer.

Case Study: Hysterectomy in Vanjarwadi Village

Vanjarwadi village said, 50% of women who have had hysterectomies say that it is the norm in villages to remove the uterus after having two or three children.

The (Mukadam) contractor is keen to have women without wombs in his group of cane cutters. As per the contractors, menstrual periods make the cutting process slow, so there is no question of taking leave for a day or two, and work is halted. A contractor cannot afford to lose even a rupee.

Due to the removal of the uterus, there is a serious impact on the health of women, such as hormonal imbalance, mental health issues, gain weight, etc.

Action of Government: Maharashtra government has decided to make health check-up compulsory for them before and after the sugar cane cutting season.

The government has asked doctors to submit a monthly report on the hysterectomy operations conducted by them.