Maharashtra Board Class 12 History Chapter 11 India Transformed Part 1 Exercise Solutions

1A. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement.

Question 1. A legal agreement was signed in Geneva which is known as ____________
(a) SEATO
(b) NATO
(c) GATT
(d) SAARC
Answer: (c) GATT
In simple words: GATT was an international agreement created to make trading between different countries smoother and fairer by reducing taxes on goods.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain the transition from GATT to the WTO (World Trade Organisation) to help students understand the evolution of global trade governance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember that GATT stands for General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; the keyword "Geneva" is often linked to its signing.

Question 2. An act similar to ‘Right to Information’ was first applied in ____________ in 1776.
(a) Sweden
(b) France
(c) England
(d) India
Answer: (a) Sweden
In simple words: Sweden was the first country in the world to pass a law that let its citizens see government records and documents.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use this to contrast the antiquity of freedom of information in some cultures versus its relatively recent formalization in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: The year 1776 is a specific historical marker for this Act in Sweden; memorize it as the earliest example of transparency laws.

Question 3. The birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda is observed as ____________
(a) National Education Day
(b) National Youth Day
(c) National Integration Day
(d) National Science Day
Answer: (b) National Youth Day
In simple words: Every year on January 12, India celebrates Swami Vivekananda's birthday to encourage young people to be strong, wise, and helpful to the nation.

📝 Teacher's Note: Mention Vivekananda's message of "Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached" to show why he is an icon for the youth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates and their significance are common questions; associate January 12 specifically with National Youth Day.

2A. Write the names of historical places/persons/events.

Question 1. In 2004, this became the biggest firm in Asia providing software services -
Answer: Tata Consultancy Services
In simple words: TCS is a massive Indian company that provides computer and software help to businesses all around the world.

📝 Teacher's Note: Highlight the role of Indian IT giants in putting India on the global economic map during the post-liberalization era.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the full name "Tata Consultancy Services" instead of just "TCS" for formal answers.

Question 2. In 2002, the Metro railway was flagged off -
Answer: The Delhi Metro Railway
In simple words: The Delhi Metro is a modern train system in India's capital that helps millions of people travel quickly without getting stuck in traffic.

📝 Teacher's Note: Discuss how public infrastructure projects like the Metro transform urban living standards and connectivity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be specific about the location; mention "Delhi Metro" rather than just "Metro."

2B. Choose the correct reason from those given below and complete the sentence.

Question 1. India became member of World Trade Organisation, because ____________
(a) India want to compete with other nations
(b) India cannot stay aloof from the global economy
(c) India adopted the policy of liberalisation
(d) India wanted to be in the leading position at the global level
Answer: (c) India adopted the policy of liberalisation
In simple words: India joined the WTO because it decided to change its rules to allow more businesses and trade with other countries more freely.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain that "liberalisation" means reducing government restrictions on business to encourage economic growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the 1991 Economic Reforms (Liberalisation) directly to India's entry into global bodies like the WTO.

4. Write short notes.

Question 1. The Youth Policy of Government of India.
Answer:

• India is a country with a maximum proportion of young people. Individuals in the age group of 15-29 are considered as ‘youth’.
• Youth, if provided with opportunities, for education and skill training, can contribute significantly to the development of India.
• A number of centers of ‘Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan’ were established in 1972 for the training of young people in various skills.
• The programmes run by these centers were eventually merged in the ‘National Youth Empowerment Programme’. This programme put a thrust on topics like literacy, education, health and hygiene, family welfare, preservation and conservation of the environment, awareness of social issues, rural development, and self-employment.
• 12th January the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekanand is celebrated as ‘National Youth Day'. National Youth Festival is also celebrated in the month of January. This festival is designed to provide a platform for the artistic talents of young individuals.
• ‘Youth Hostels Association of India’ has established youth hostels in various parts of the country which works for encouraging adventure skills among young people.
• Training programmes are arranged by this association through ‘Bharat Scout and Guides, National Service Scheme and National Cadet Corps’.

In simple words: India has many young people, so the government created policies to give them skills and education. Schemes like Nehru Yuva Kendra and National Youth Day help young people develop their talents and serve the country.

📝 Teacher's Note: Encourage students to identify if they or their peers are part of the NSS or NCC, which are part of this policy framework.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning the age group (15-29) and specific organizations like the "Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan" earns extra marks.

Question 2. ‘Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana’.
Answer:

• The Government of India knows the importance of having roads in good condition in the interior areas started ‘Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana’ in 2000.
• Initially, the work of building roads began by linking the villages of population strength up to 1000. In 2001 this programme was merged in ‘Pradhan Mantri Gramoday Yojana’.
• The roads measuring about 75000 km. were completed till 2005. The purpose of this work was to extend the benefits of the country’s economic growth to people living in rural areas and to bring transformation in their lives.
• It aimed at providing amenities for good health, education, drinking water, dwellings, roads, and electricity.

In simple words: This plan builds strong roads to connect small villages with cities so that people in rural areas can get better jobs, schools, and hospitals.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use the analogy of roads being the "arteries" of a country, carrying the "blood" (goods and services) to every corner.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the year 2000 as the starting point and the primary goal of connecting villages with a population of 1000.

5. State your opinion.

Question 1. India is a leading country in the field of space research.
Answer:

• In 2007, India entered a new field of space research. It commercially launched the Italian satellite.
• Other countries had submitted tenders quoting very high rates, to get this contract. However, India got this contract by quoting reasonable rates.
• Before entering this field on a commercial basis, India had already successfully launched the satellite of Argentina, Belgium, South Korea, Indonesia, and Germany.
• In 2008, India launched ‘Chandrayaan-1’, the first lunar probe. India could collect evidence for the presence of water on the moon through this satellite.
• After that India also launched ‘Chandrayaan-2’ and ‘Mangalyaan’.
• All these achievements proved that India is a leading country in the field of space research.

In simple words: India has become a space leader because it launches satellites for other countries cheaply and has successfully sent missions to the Moon and Mars.

📝 Teacher's Note: Discuss the efficiency of ISRO—how they achieved the Mars mission at a cost lower than many Hollywood movies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning the discovery of water on the Moon by Chandrayaan-1 is a key factual highlight to include in this answer.

6. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1. Which programmes were launched in India for making the opportunities of wage-earning?
Answer:
Creating employment opportunities for an ever-increasing population is a major challenge for the government. There are several programmes launched by the government of India for wage earners. These programs are as follows:

• Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Yojana and ‘Rojgar Hami Yojana’: To create job opportunities for educated youth the ‘Ministry of Commerce and Industry of the Government of India started this plan on 2nd October 1993 on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
• Rojgar Hami Yojana: This was to assure daily wages to the unemployed agricultural labourers. This programme was launched in 257 districts in India. A goal was to provide work to two young laborers in each family below the poverty line. In 2001, this plan was merged in ‘Gramin Rojgar Yojana’.
• Kisan Credit Card: In 1998, to provide support to farmers in difficult times “Kisan Credit Card” plan was started. It helps the farmer to avail funds for essential equipments and seeds for cultivation.
• Suvarnajayanti Gramin Svayam Rojgar Yojana: This plan was launched in 1999 by merging various plans together namely ‘Ekatmik Gramin Vikas Yojana’, Self-employment training programmes, ‘Ganga Kalyan Yojana’ etc.
• Jawahar Gram Samruddhi Yojana: In 1999, a new plan was implemented with the intention to provide adequate employment for unemployed men and women. It was merged in ‘Sampoorna Gramin Rojgar Yojana’ in 2001.
• Sampoorna Gramin Rojgar Yojana: This plan made provision for creating opportunities in rural areas of earning wages, to provide food grains in exchange for work, etc. In 2006, this scheme was merged in ‘Rashtriya Gramin Rojgar Hami Yojana’.
• Rashtriya Gramin Rojgar Hami Yojana: Under this scheme, each family in rural areas were given assurance of at least 100 days of work.

In simple words: The government started many schemes like Rojgar Yojana to give jobs to the youth and rural workers, ensuring they earn enough money to support their families.

📝 Teacher's Note: Help students understand that these schemes evolved over time, often merging to become more efficient, like the transition into the MGNREGA framework.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing at least four specific schemes with their launch years or main objectives will help you score full marks.

7. Answer the following question with the help of the given points.

Question 1. Give information about the ‘Right to Information Act.
(a) Background of the act and the beginning of this movement in India.
(b) Definition of ‘Information’.
(c) The rights of citizens under this act.
Answer:
(a) Background of the act and the beginning of this movement in India:

• This kind of Act was first implemented in Sweden in 1776. In 1946, ‘United Nations’ declared the ‘Right to Information to be the fundamental human right.
• In 1982, L.K. Kulwant, a resident of Jaipur in Rajasthan, a social activist initiated the process by applying to know the Jaipur Municipal Corporation’s work for cleaning the city.
• The High Court gave a clear verdict stating that ‘Right to Information is a fundamental right of all citizens.
• In 1990, Aruna Roy started the movement called ‘Majdoor Kisan Shakti Sanghatan’. A need for ‘Right to Information was started through this movement.
• Harsh Mander, the Divisional Commissioner of Bilaspur showed courage to disclose official information while serving as a bureaucrat.
• The struggle of Anna Hazare in 2001, had a decisive role in Maharashtra in this matter. The Act was implemented in Maharashtra on 12th October 2005.

(b) Definition of ‘Information’:
The definition of term ‘Information’ includes official records, documents, memoranda, emails, comments, consultations, press notes, circulars, orders, logbooks, tenders, reports, correspondence, formats, models, electronic data, the information of a private institution or an individual that is available in the records of any public establishment.

(c) The rights of citizens under this act:

• Right to information grants access to official documents, records, permission to obtain their copies, to take notes, to extract passages, to get samples of authorised material and prints of data stored in CDs, Floppy discs, tapes, video cassettes, or in any other form, or stored on computers.
• Citizens can get the desired information after submitting an application to the ‘Information officer’ of a ‘Public Authority.

In simple words: The RTI Act lets any Indian citizen ask the government for documents or records to see how they are working, making sure everything is honest and open.

📝 Teacher's Note: Emphasize the roles of activists like Aruna Roy and Anna Hazare to show how individual citizens can spark national change.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be sure to distinguish between the background (history), the definition (what counts as info), and the actual rights (what you can do) to keep your answer structured.

Class 12 History Chapter 11 India Transformed Part 1 Intext Questions and Answers

Question. Collect information of following schemes: (Textbook Page No. 92)
National Pension Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Vima Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Vima Yojana, Atal Pension Yojana, Indian Post Payments Bank.
Answer:
(A) National Pension Scheme:

• The National Pension Scheme is a voluntary contribution of the pension system in India which is sponsored by the government of India.
• This scheme was started by the Government of India in 2004 for all government employees.
• The scheme was made open to all citizens in 2009. It is regulated by Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) and the central government.
• Any employee from the public, private, and even the unorganized sectors can opt for this.
• Personnel from the armed forces are not allowed.

(B) Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Vima Yojana:

• The scheme is available to people in the age group 18 to 70 years with a bank account who give their consent to join/enable auto-debit.
• Risk coverage under the scheme is Rs. 2 lakh for accidental death and full disability and Rs. 1 lakh for partial disability.
• The premium of 112 per annum is to be deducted from the account holder’s bank account.

(C) Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Vima Yojana:

• Available to people between 18 and 50 years of age with a bank account.
• Launched on 9th May 2015 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Annual premium of Rs. 330. In case of death, the payment to the nominee will be Rs. 2 lakh.

(D) Atal Pension Yojana:

• Provides old age income security to the workers belonging to the unorganized sector.
• Launched on 9th May 2015. Focuses on encouraging workers to save for their future (Age limit 18-40 years).

(E) Indian Postal Payments Bank:

• Launched on September 1, 2018, to make banking available at people’s doorstep.
• 100% Government-owned, operating under the Ministry of Communications.
• Operates at a smaller scale without credit risks and doesn’t issue loans or credit cards.

In simple words: These are different government plans to help people save money for when they are old or to provide insurance money to their families if something bad happens.

📝 Teacher's Note: Discuss why it is important for everyone, especially those in unorganized jobs like street vendors, to have a pension plan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the launch dates (like 9th May 2015) as they are frequently tested in "Match the Following" type questions.

Question. Collect information with the help of the internet about the ‘Rafi Ahmad Kidwai National Postal Academy (Gaziabad).
Answer:

• Rafi Ahmad Kidwai National Postal Academy is the apex training institution of Indian postal services.
• It was set up in the year 1977. It was shifted to its present location in Gaziabad in 1990.
• It trains and grooms young officers who get recruited to the Indian Postal Service.
• It also conducts training for postal officers from India and other foreign countries.
• Training programs include: Advanced Development Program, Executive Development Program, Technology Management Program, Postal Life Insurance, and Quality Management.

In simple words: This academy is like a big school where officers of the Indian Post are trained to manage mail, insurance, and new technology.

📝 Teacher's Note: Compare this academy to other specialized training institutes like the IAS academy in Mussoorie to explain its importance.

🎯 Exam Tip: The location "Gaziabad" and the establishment year "1977" are the key facts for this note.

Question. Collect information about various services like ‘Sarvabhaum Suvarn Rokhe’ (Gold Bonds), ‘Electronic Indian Postal Order’, ‘e-Payment Portal’, etc.
Answer:
(A) Sarvabhaum Suvarn Rokhe:
Launched in 2015, these are government securities denominated in grams of gold. They are substitutes for holding physical gold. Investors pay in cash and get the value of gold when the bond matures.

(B) Electronic Indian Postal Order:
Launched to help Indian citizens abroad purchase a Postal Order online. It also allows them to file RTI applications from anywhere in the world.

(C) e-Payment portal:
A service that allows businesses and organizations to collect bills (like phone or electricity) through the vast post office network across India.

(D) e-Dak Ghar:
The online portal of India Post offering services like buying stamps (philately), insurance payments (PLI), and RTI applications.

(E) Mobile app:
The IPPB app allows users with post office accounts to check balances, transfer funds, and pay utility bills from their phones.

In simple words: India Post has gone digital! Now you can buy gold bonds, pay bills, and even file RTI requests using their website and apps.

📝 Teacher's Note: Discuss how digital transformation has saved the traditional postal service from becoming obsolete in the age of email.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Sarvabhaum Suvarn Rokhe" is the Marathi term for Sovereign Gold Bonds; don't get confused by the name.

Project (Textbook Page No. 98)

Question. Collect information about the States of India and Union Territories, as well as the names of their capital cities.
Answer:
The states of India and its capitals are as follows:

Union Territories and its Capitals:

In simple words: India is divided into 28 States and 8 Union Territories, each with its own capital city that serves as the center of government.

📝 Teacher's Note: Help students identify the newest additions like Ladakh and the merger of Daman & Diu with Dadra & Nagar Haveli.

🎯 Exam Tip: Double-check the capitals of northeastern states (Seven Sisters) as they are the most common source of confusion for students.