Maharashtra Board Class 12 English Section 1 Prose Chapter 1.7 Why We Travel Solutions

12th Std English Chapter 1.7 Brainstorming Question Answer

Question 1.Share your views on how travelling can be a hobby:
Answer:Students can discuss their views on travelling, both in India and in foreign countries, and how it can be a leisure time activity.
In simple words: Travelling can be a hobby if one enjoys exploring new places and cultures in their free time. It offers a chance to relax and learn, both locally and internationally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on personal experiences and diverse perspectives when discussing hobbies like traveling to score well.

Question 2.Discuss in the class the benefits of travelling and complete the web:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वेब आरेख है जो यात्रा के लाभों को दर्शाता है। इसमें एक केंद्रीय वृत्त 'Travel Teaches You' लिखा हुआ है, जिससे तीन शाखाएँ निकल रही हैं: 'To be prompt and quick', 'To prepare / organize', और 'To be careful and cautious', जो यात्रा से प्राप्त होने वाले कौशल को दर्शाती हैं।

Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक विस्तृत वेब आरेख है जो 'Travel Teaches You' को केंद्र में रखकर यात्रा के विभिन्न लाभों और कौशलों को दर्शाता है। इसमें 'To be prompt and quick', 'To adjust to different cultures', 'To eat a variety of foods', 'To be quick and alert' जैसी शाखाएँ हैं, जो यात्रा से प्राप्त होने वाले अनुभव और दक्षताओं को उजागर करती हैं।
(a) Food should be delicious and available whenever hungry.
(b) Travelling should be easy and comfortable.
(c) Hotel accommodation should be inexpensive and clean.
(d) Weather should be sunny and pleasant.
In simple words: Travel teaches us to be quick, organized, compassionate, and attentive, helping us adjust to new cultures and stay alert. Our travel expectations include good food, comfortable travel, affordable and clean accommodation, and pleasant weather.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering web diagrams, ensure all branches are logically connected to the central theme and provide a comprehensive set of points.

Question 3.Discuss in the class the various types of travels. Add your own to ones given below:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक हेक्सागोनल आरेख है जो यात्रा के विभिन्न प्रकारों को दर्शाता है। इसमें 'Solo travel' और 'Culinary travel' जैसे यात्रा के प्रकार दिए गए हैं, और अन्य खाली हेक्सागोन छात्रों को अतिरिक्त प्रकारों को जोड़ने के लिए स्थान प्रदान करते हैं।

Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक हेक्सागोनल आरेख है जो यात्रा के नौ विभिन्न प्रकारों को सूचीबद्ध करता है: solo travel, adventure travel, study travel, culinary travel, religious travel, scientific travel, travel for fun, और business travel। यह छात्रों को यात्रा के व्यापक दायरे को समझने में मदद करता है।
In simple words: Travel encompasses various types like solo, adventure, study, culinary, religious, scientific, business, and leisure travel, each offering unique experiences.

🎯 Exam Tip: For open-ended questions like this, try to categorize your answers (e.g., purpose of travel) to provide a structured and clear response.

Question 1.Read the first two paragraphs and write down the reasons one needs to travel.
Answer:One needs to travel:
1. initially, to lose ourselves next, to find ourselves
2. to open our hearts and eyes and learn more about the world than our newspapers tell us.
3. to bring our ignorance and knowledge to cultures which are rich in ways different from ours.
4. to become young fools again
5. to slow time down and to get taken in to fall in love once more
6. to escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, into accepting dangers and risks
7. to sharpen the edge of life, and to taste hardship
8. to leave all one's beliefs and certainties at home, and see everything in a different light
In simple words: People travel to discover themselves, gain new perspectives on the world, learn about diverse cultures, embrace new experiences, and challenge their existing beliefs, fostering personal growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing reasons, ensure each point is distinct and directly addresses the core question based on the provided text.

Question. (i)Read the sentence 'If a diploma can famously - in cultural relativism.' of this extract on page 67 of the textbook. Pick the sentence which gives the meaning of the above statement from the alternatives given below.
(a) A diploma certificate can be used as a passport and a passport can be used as a diploma certificate.
(b) If one has a diploma, he does not need a passport and if he has a passport, he does not need a diploma.
(c) One can acquire permission to travel to foreign countries for educational purposes based on one's academic achievements, and travelling to foreign countries enriches one the most regarding the knowledge and wisdom of the world.
Answer: (c) One can acquire permission to travel to foreign countries for educational purposes based on one's academic achievements, and travelling to foreign countries enriches one the most regarding the knowledge and wisdom of the world.
In simple words: The statement implies that travel itself is a powerful form of education, providing knowledge and wisdom equivalent to or surpassing formal academic qualifications.

🎯 Exam Tip: For meaning-based MCQs, always analyze the core concept of the original statement and compare it with all options before choosing the most accurate one.

Question (ii)Prepare a list of the litterateurs and their quotations mentioned by the writer in the extract.
Answer:Names of the litterateurs: Camus, Christopher Isherwood Quotations: Camus said, "What gives value to travel is fear"- Christopher Isherwood once said, "The ideal travel book should be perhaps a little like a crime story in which you're in search of something."
In simple words: The extract mentions Camus, who links travel's value to fear, and Christopher Isherwood, who compares an ideal travel book to a crime story of discovery.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing authors and quotes, ensure accurate attribution and exact reproduction of the quotation for full marks.

Question (iii)'The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeing new places but in seeing with new eyes.' - Marcel Proust. Justify with the help of the text.
Answer:This means that we don't really have to discover new landscapes or new sights to be in the real process of discovery. Often, we simply need to change our perspective, the way we look at things, to understand them and to raise them to a new, exhilarating level.
In simple words: Marcel Proust's quote suggests that true discovery comes from a shift in perspective, allowing us to find new meaning and excitement even in familiar surroundings.

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying a quote, relate it directly to the broader themes of the text and explain how a change in mindset enhances perception.

Question (iv)Read the third paragraph and find the difference between a tourist and a traveller as revealed through the complaints made by them.
Answer:1. A tourist is someone who does not leave his assumptions at home and complains, 'Nothing here is the way it is at home'. 2. A traveller is someone who leaves his assumptions at home but grumbles, 'Everything here is the same as it is in Cairo - or Cuzco or Kathmandu.'
In simple words: A tourist expects home comforts abroad and complains when things are different, whereas a traveler, while more open-minded, might complain about the perceived sameness of different foreign locations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate clearly between the two concepts by focusing on their attitudes and typical complaints, drawing specific details from the text.

Question (v)Write sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various cultures of the different parts of the world.
Answer:1. You can teach them what they have to celebrate as much as you celebrate what they have to teach. 2. This, I think, is how tourism, which so obviously destroys cultures, can also resuscitate or revive them, how it has created new “traditional” dances in Bali, and caused craftsmen in India to pay s new attention to their works.
In simple words: Travel promotes cultural exchange, allowing people to share traditions and reviving local arts and customs through mutual appreciation and interaction.

🎯 Exam Tip: When extracting sentences, ensure they directly support the prompt's idea of cultural convergence and global interaction due to travel.

Question (vi)By quoting Camus, the writer has stated that travelling emancipates us from circumstances and all the habits behind which we hide. Write in detail your views about that.
Answer:When we are at home, we have set ideas and habits, which we are reluctant to change. We dress in a particular way and we behave in a particular way, because the people around us know us and expect that behaviour. We hide behind all this. However, when we travel, no one knows us and there are no expectations about a particular type of behaviour, dress or habits. Hence, we have a feeling of freedom and emancipation from our circumstances and habits.
In simple words: Travel offers a break from our routines and societal expectations, allowing us to explore new identities and behaviors without judgment, leading to a sense of freedom and self-discovery.

🎯 Exam Tip: For detailed views, elaborate on how travel impacts personal identity and freedom, using examples of typical societal constraints contrasted with the liberation of being in a new place.

Question. (i)Read the following groups of words:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह दो कॉलमों में शब्दों के समूह को दर्शाने वाली एक तालिका है। कॉलम A में 'crooked angle', 'censored limits', और 'impoverished places' जैसे वाक्यांश हैं, जबकि कॉलम B में 'walking video screens', 'living newspapers', और 'searching questions' जैसे वाक्यांश हैं। यह शब्दों के युग्मों को प्रस्तुत करता है।

1. crooked angle
2. censored limits
3. impoverished places
4. walking video screens
5. living newspapers
6. searching questions
Discuss in pairs and make a list of some more adjectives like this and make sentences using them.
Answer:1. burnt cottage
2. disturbed night
3. hidden house
4. missing necklace
5. probing questions
6. standing instructions Sentences:
1. burnt cottage - The mystery of the burnt cottage was finally solved.
2. disturbed night - Rohan had a disturbed night because of the noise from the road construction.
3. hidden house - I could see the hidden house only after climbing a hill.
4. missing necklace - The detective was sure that the missing necklace would be soon found.
5. probing questions - The lawyer asked the witness some probing questions.
6. standing instructions - The queen had given standing instructions that she was never to be disturbed while sleeping.
In simple words: This exercise involves identifying descriptive adjective-noun pairs and then creating original sentences to demonstrate their usage, similar to examples like 'crooked angle' or 'burnt cottage'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When creating sentences, ensure the adjective clearly modifies the noun and the sentence context makes the meaning of the phrase evident.

Question 1.Read the following sentence and pick out the phrasal verb. We travel, then, in part just to shake up our complacencies.
Answer:shake-up
In simple words: In the given sentence, "shake up" is the phrasal verb, meaning to disturb or change something significantly.

🎯 Exam Tip: A phrasal verb combines a verb with a preposition or adverb, changing the verb's meaning; always look for the combination that acts as a single semantic unit.

Question 1.Read the following sentences carefully and find out the infinitives :
(a) We travel, initially, to lose ourselves; and we travel, next, to find ourselves.
(b) We travel to bring what little we can,
(c) Yet one of the subtler beauties of travel is that it enables you to bring new eyes to the people you encounter.
Answer:
(a) to lose, to find
(b) to bring
(c) to bring
In simple words: Infinitives are verb forms preceded by 'to', acting as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs, as seen in "to lose," "to find," and "to bring."

🎯 Exam Tip: Infinitives often indicate purpose or result; look for 'to' followed by the base form of a verb to identify them.

Question (ii)Combine the two sentences into one using the word given in the brackets:
(a) I go to Iceland. I visit the lunar spaces within me. (to)
(b) We have the opportunity. We come into contact with more essential parts of ourselves, (of)
(c) Romantic poets inaugurated an era of travel. They were great apostles of open eyes.
(d) The travel spins us around. It shows us the sights and values ordinarily ignored, (showing)
Answer:
(a) I go to Iceland to visit the lunar spaces within me.
(b) We have the opportunity of coming into contact with more essential parts of ourselves.
(c) Romantic poets, being great apostles of open eyes, inaugurated an era of travel.
(d) The travel spins us around, showing us the sights and values ordinarily ignored.
In simple words: These sentences are combined using infinitives, prepositions, or participles to create more concise and grammatically coherent statements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the connector word provided (e.g., 'to', 'of', 'showing') and ensure the combined sentence maintains logical flow and meaning without redundancy.

Question (iii)Read the sentences given below and state whether the underlined words are gerunds or present participles.
(a) As it's a hot day, many people are swimming
(b) This is a swimming pool.
(c) It's very bad that children are begging.
(d) Begging is a curse on humanity.
Answer:
(a) present participle
(b) present participle
(c) present participle
(d) gerund
In simple words: A gerund acts as a noun (e.g., "Begging is a curse"), while a present participle acts as part of a verb phrase (e.g., "are swimming") or an adjective (e.g., "swimming pool").

🎯 Exam Tip: To distinguish between a gerund and a present participle, remember that gerunds function as nouns, while present participles function as part of a verb or as an adjective modifying a noun.

Question 1.Write an email to your friends about your proposed trek. You can take help of the points given below. You can keep your parents informed about it by adding them in BCC.
• A trek in the forest of Kodaikanal
• Time and duration
• Type of trek (cycle/ motorbike/ walk)
• Facilities provided
• Last date for registration
• Fees
In simple words: This task requires drafting an email to friends about a proposed trek to Kodaikanal, including details like dates, type of activity, facilities, registration deadline, and costs, with parents blind-copied for their information.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing emails, ensure clarity, conciseness, and include all necessary information. Use BCC for discreetly informing additional parties without revealing their addresses to primary recipients.

Question 1.There is a boom in 'Travel and Tourism' career. Find information about different options in this field.
In simple words: The travel and tourism industry is growing rapidly, offering various career opportunities from tour guides and travel agents to hospitality management and destination marketing.

🎯 Exam Tip: When researching career options, consider diverse roles within different sectors (e.g., hospitality, logistics, marketing) to provide a comprehensive answer.

Question (i)Find information about:
(a) Fa Hien
(b) Huen Tsang
(c) Ibn Batuta
(d) Marco Polo
(e) Sir Richard Burton
In simple words: This task involves researching famous historical travelers and explorers like Fa Hien, Huen Tsang, Ibn Batuta, Marco Polo, and Sir Richard Burton to understand their journeys and contributions.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical figures, focus on their key expeditions, the regions they visited, and their significant literary or cultural contributions.

Question (ii)Further reading:
• 'Childe Harold's Pilgrimage' - Lord Byron
• 'Gulliver's Travels' - Jonathan Swift
• 'Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea' - Jules Verne
• 'Travelling Souls' - Brian Bouldrey
In simple words: This section lists recommended books for further reading on travel, including classic works like 'Childe Harold's Pilgrimage' and 'Gulliver's Travels', and modern explorations like 'Travelling Souls'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with classic literary works related to travel to broaden your understanding and provide richer context in discussions.

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.7 Why We Travel Additional Important Questions And Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.Write the name of the litterateur and his quotation mentioned by the writer in the extract.
Answer:Name of the litterateur - George Santayana. Quotation: George Santayana writes, “We need sometimes to escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, into the moral holiday of running some pure hazard, in order to sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship, and to be compelled to work desperately for a moment at no matter what.”
In simple words: George Santayana is quoted, highlighting that escaping into solitude and facing life's uncertainties can sharpen our senses and make us appreciate life more deeply.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always quote verbatim when asked for specific quotations from an author mentioned in the text, ensuring accuracy in phrasing and punctuation.

Question 2.Based on the extract, complete the web: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वेब आरेख है जो 'Reasons why we travel' को केंद्रीय विषय के रूप में दर्शाता है। इसमें 'to shake up our complacencies', 'to fill in the gaps in our information about the world', 'to rescue the humanity of places', और 'to carry values and beliefs and news to the places we go' जैसी शाखाएँ हैं, जो यात्रा के विभिन्न उद्देश्यों और प्रभावों को स्पष्ट करती हैं।

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1. Guess the difference: travel and travail:
Answer: Travel guides us towards a better balance of wisdom and compassion, of seeing the world clearly and truly. Travail means agony, or hard toil, which will be the result of laborious travelling and hardships.
In simple words: Travel is a journey for wisdom and understanding, while travail signifies difficult and painful effort, often associated with hardships encountered during a journey.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguishing between similar-sounding words like "travel" and "travail" is crucial for vocabulary and nuanced understanding in literary contexts. Pay attention to their distinct connotations.

Question 2. Describe the changes that come into us because of travels, especially to foreign countries.
Answer: When we go abroad, we stay up late, do impulsive things and leave ourselves open to various experiences. We live for the moment, without any past or future; only the present. We may even become mysterious-to others, at first, and sometimes even to ourselves, behaving in new ways. We feel younger, as if we have been reborn.
In simple words: Travelling to foreign countries changes us by encouraging spontaneity, openness to new experiences, and a focus on the present, making us feel renewed and potentially altering our self-perception and behavior.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to describe personal changes, use descriptive language and provide clear examples or effects. This demonstrates a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

Question 3. Explain in your own words how travel can be a kind of 'monasticism'.
Answer: 'Monasticism' means living like monks, living a self-disciplined life that is isolated from other people. When we travel, even if we are living in a luxury hotel, we live more simply than we normally do at home. We have no more possessions than what we can carry, we surrender ourselves to chance, and to whatever may come in our way. Hence, travel can be a kind of 'monasticism'.
In simple words: Travel can be like 'monasticism' because it often involves a simpler lifestyle with fewer possessions, a surrender to the unknown, and a temporary detachment from daily routines, much like a monk's disciplined and isolated life.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining abstract concepts, start with a clear definition and then draw parallels using evidence from the text or logical reasoning to justify the comparison.

Question 4. Travelling abroad make us the object of scrutiny. Justify this statement,
Answer: When we go abroad, the local people there are curious about us and our culture. We seem exotic and different to them and they scrutinize our ways and behaviour to learn and understand more about us.
In simple words: When we travel abroad, local people often view us with curiosity due to our different culture and behaviors, making us the focus of their attention and observation.

🎯 Exam Tip: To justify a statement, provide reasons and explanations that directly support the claim. Use clear and concise language to make your argument strong.

Question 5. The writer calls himself 'many-tongued' and 'mongrel'. Give reasons.
Answer: 'Many-tongued' means that he knows many languages; 'mongrel' here means someone who has a mixed upbringing, someone of mixed cultures. The writer knows many languages. He was born of Indian parents, in England, and he moved to America when he was 7 years old. Hence, he says that he cannot really call himself an Indian, an American or an Englishman.
In simple words: The writer describes himself as 'many-tongued' because he knows multiple languages, and 'mongrel' due to his mixed cultural background, having Indian parents, being born in England, and growing up in America.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining terminology, first define the terms and then link them directly to the specific reasons or context provided in the text. This shows thorough comprehension.

Question 6. 'Get into a cab outside the White House, and you're often in a piece of Addis Ababa.' Explain the meaning of this sentence.
Answer: Addis Ababa is the capital of Ethiopia, Africa. The sentence means that the driver of the cab outside the White House was probably an African American, may be originally from Africa.
In simple words: This sentence suggests that even in a prominent location like the White House, you might encounter people from diverse backgrounds, specifically an African American cab driver potentially with roots in Ethiopia (Addis Ababa), highlighting the global mix of cultures present everywhere.

🎯 Exam Tip: When interpreting metaphorical or illustrative sentences, break down the core elements and explain their real-world implications, connecting them to the broader theme of cultural diversity.

Question 7. "We carry within us the wonders we seek without us.” Explain.
Answer: This means that all the wonders and emotions are within us, and if we wish to, we can tap these forces. Everything is within our own hearts and imagination. Everything is internal. Whatever we find outside has first to be inside us for us to experience it. There is no necessity for any separate outside happenings for us to feel anything.
In simple words: This statement implies that true wonder, emotion, and discovery are internal experiences, originating from within ourselves and our imagination, rather than solely from external events or places.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explaining philosophical statements requires you to delve into the underlying message. Focus on the internal vs. external aspect and how personal perception shapes experience.

Personal Response:

Question 1. Name the places you would like to visit the most. Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer: I like to travel but I have not had much opportunity yet. I love seeing new places and meeting new people. I would love to travel to the North-Eastern parts of India and to foreign countries. I am also a nature lover and would love seeing high mountains, clear lakes and green pastures.
In simple words: I aspire to visit new places and meet diverse people, particularly desiring to explore the North-Eastern regions of India and foreign countries, driven by my love for nature, high mountains, clear lakes, and green pastures.

🎯 Exam Tip: For personal response questions, ensure your answer is well-reasoned and clearly articulates your preferences and the justifications behind them. Be specific where possible.

Question 2. 'Travel helps you to appreciate your own home more'. Justify this statement.
Answer: Holidays, especially holidays abroad, can certainly help us to appreciate our own homes more. For example, if we go to the African desert and see the problems they have with potable water supply, we will appreciate our own water resources more. If we see the problems faced by people living in very cold climates, we will appreciate the heat in our country, and even be grateful for it.
In simple words: Travel makes us appreciate home more by exposing us to the challenges and inconveniences faced in other regions, such as water scarcity or harsh climates, which highlights the comforts and resources we often take for granted at home.

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying a statement, use specific examples to illustrate your point. Concrete scenarios strengthen your argument and make it more relatable.

Question 3. Do you think that people travel more, or in a different way, as compared to people fifty years back? Explain your view.
Answer: Yes, people certainly travel more today. They also travel for different reasons. Fifty years back, in India, people generally travelled only for religious reasons or to meet relatives and family. Travelling for sightseeing was rarer. Today, in addition to these reasons, people also travel for fun, relaxation and sight-seeing. People also go on holidays abroad, which was not done often earlier.
In simple words: Yes, people travel more frequently and for a wider range of reasons today than fifty years ago, including leisure and international holidays, whereas previously travel was largely confined to religious or family visits.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing past and present trends, provide clear distinctions in frequency, purpose, and accessibility to support your explanation effectively.

Question 4. Do you think that we must always seek new experiences and new places? Or do you feel that the best place is home, and we must never move?
Answer: If we just stick to our own homes, we will be like the frog in the pond, which thought its small pond was the whole world. This is not advisable in the world of today. To be happy and successful, we must be broad-minded and unbiased. We must see what the world and other cultures have to offer. We must try to imbibe the best from other cultures and places.
In simple words: We should seek new experiences and places to broaden our perspectives and avoid being narrow-minded, as staying confined to our homes prevents us from learning about and appreciating diverse cultures and global offerings.

🎯 Exam Tip: In opinion-based questions, clearly state your stance and support it with logical arguments and analogies. Avoid ambiguity to convey a strong viewpoint.

Language Study:

Question 1. We carry values and beliefs and news to the places we go. (Rewrite using 'not only but also.)
Answer: We carry not only values and beliefs but also news to the places we go.
In simple words: This sentence means we transport both our personal principles and information to the various destinations we visit.

🎯 Exam Tip: When rewriting sentences with specific conjunctions, ensure the new structure maintains the original meaning and grammatical correctness, emphasizing both elements equally.

Question 2. Travel is the best way we have of rescuing the humanity of places. (Use an infinitive in place of the gerund.)
Answer: Travel is the best way we have to rescue the humanity of places.
In simple words: This statement implies that travel serves as the most effective method for preserving and restoring the authentic character and human spirit of various locations.

🎯 Exam Tip: To replace a gerund with an infinitive, identify the verb acting as a noun (gerund) and convert it to its 'to + verb' form while ensuring the sentence structure remains grammatically sound.

Question 3. The beauty of this process was best described by George Santayana. (Rewrite beginning George Santayana)
Answer: George Santayana best described the beauty of this process.
In simple words: George Santayana was the person who most accurately captured the aesthetic appeal of this particular method or action.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to rewrite a sentence starting with a specific word or phrase, identify the active and passive voice. Often, this requires converting a passive sentence to an active one or vice-versa.

Question 4. Yet for me the first great joy of travelling is simply the luxury of leaving all my beliefs and certainties at home. (Pick out the finite verb and say whether the sentence is simple, compound or complex.)
Answer: finite verb-is; simple sentence
In simple words: The main verb in this sentence is "is," and because it contains only one independent clause, it is classified as a simple sentence.

🎯 Exam Tip: To identify a finite verb, look for the verb that shows tense and agrees with the subject. A simple sentence has one independent clause, a compound has two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, and a complex has one independent and at least one dependent clause.

Question 5. Pick out the phrasal verb from this sentence: Abroad is the place where we stay up late.
Answer: stay up
In simple words: The phrasal verb here is "stay up," meaning to remain awake past one's usual bedtime.

🎯 Exam Tip: A phrasal verb combines a verb with an adverb or a preposition (or both) to give a new meaning. Look for verb-preposition/adverb combinations that act as a single unit of meaning.

Question 6. Travelling is a way to reverse time. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Answer: travelling - gerund
In simple words: In this sentence, "travelling" functions as a noun, making it a gerund.

🎯 Exam Tip: A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun. A present participle also ends in -ing but functions as an adjective or part of a continuous verb tense.

Question 7. I tend to believe more abroad than I do at home. (Rewrite using as....as..)
Answer: I tend not to believe as much at home as I do abroad.
In simple words: This rewritten sentence indicates that the speaker has a lower tendency to believe things when they are at home compared to when they are in a foreign country.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using "as...as" for comparison, ensure the comparison is grammatically parallel and accurately reflects the original meaning, often requiring a negative construction to express 'less than'.

Question 8. Pick out the phrasal verb from these sentences: 1. I remember, in fact, after my first trip to Southeast Asia, more than a decade ago, how I would come back to my apartment in New York. 2. All, in that sense, believed in, “being moved”
Answer:1. come back 2. believed in
In simple words: In the first sentence, "come back" means to return, and in the second, "believed in" means to have faith or trust in something.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify phrasal verbs by looking for a main verb followed by one or two prepositions or adverbs that collectively create a meaning different from the individual words.

Question 9. Anyone witnessing this strange scene would have drawn the right conclusion. (Rewrite using 'who')
Answer: Anyone who witnessed this strange scene would have drawn the right conclusion.
In simple words: This means that any person who observed the unusual situation would have correctly understood what was happening.

🎯 Exam Tip: When incorporating 'who' to rewrite a sentence, it often involves expanding a noun phrase into a relative clause to specify the subject more clearly.

Question 10. I remember how I would come back to my apartment in New York. (Rewrite using 'used, to'.)
Answer: I remember how I used to come back to my apartment in New York.
In simple words: This sentence recalls a past habitual action of returning to one's apartment in New York.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Used to" is employed to describe past habits or states that no longer exist. Ensure its placement and verb form are correct to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Question 11. We have to carry our sense of destination. (Rewrite beginning'Our sense....')
Answer: Our sense of destination has to be carried by us.
In simple words: This means that our personal feeling or awareness of our purpose or goal must be maintained and progressed by us.

🎯 Exam Tip: Rewriting a sentence by changing the subject often involves converting an active voice sentence to passive voice, requiring careful attention to verb forms and subject-object roles.

Question 12. The most valuable Pacifies we explore will always be the vast expanses within us. (Rewrite using more...than..)
Answer: We will never explore more valuable Pacifies than the vast expanses within us.
In simple words: This suggests that the internal journeys and self-discoveries we undertake are inherently more significant and meaningful than any external explorations.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using "more...than" to rewrite a sentence, ensure the comparison is correctly structured to convey the intended meaning, often transforming a superlative into a comparative statement.

Question 13. It keeps the mind nimble. (Rewrite using the present perfect tense of the verb.)
Answer: It has kept the mind nimble.
In simple words: This means that the subject has continuously maintained the mind's agility up to the present moment.

🎯 Exam Tip: The present perfect tense (has/have + past participle) indicates an action that started in the past and continues to the present or has a present effect. Ensure correct auxiliary verb and past participle form.

Vocabulary:

Question 1. Guess the meaning: riches are differently dispersed
Answer: cultures that are rich in ways different from ours.
In simple words: This phrase suggests that wealth and valuable aspects are distributed uniquely across different cultures, not just financially, but in terms of traditions, knowledge, and perspectives.

🎯 Exam Tip: When guessing meanings of phrases in context, consider both the literal definitions of words and their broader implications within the given text or subject matter.

Question 2. Find out a past/present participle from the extract that has been used as an adjective:
Answer: crooked angle (crooked-past participle)
In simple words: The word "crooked" functions as a past participle modifying the noun "angle," describing its bent or distorted state.

🎯 Exam Tip: A participle acts as an adjective when it describes a noun or pronoun. Past participles often end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n, while present participles end in -ing.

Question 3. Find out two pairs of antonyms from the extract:
Answer:1. lose - find 2. ignorance - knowledge
In simple words: Two pairs of words with opposite meanings identified are "lose" and "find," and "ignorance" and "knowledge."

🎯 Exam Tip: Antonyms are words with opposite meanings. When identifying them from a text, look for words that represent contrasting concepts or states.

Question 4. Guess the difference between provisional and provincial.
Answer: Provisional means temporary, whereas provincial means limited in outlook narrow.
In simple words: "Provisional" describes something temporary or conditional, while "provincial" refers to something narrow-minded or unsophisticated, often related to a rural area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiating between similar-sounding words (homophones or near-homophones) requires understanding their distinct definitions and typical usage contexts. Provide clear, contrasting explanations.

Question 5. Find out from the extract a few past / present participles that have been used as adjectives: 1. walking video screens 2. censored limits 3. living newspapers 4. impoverished places
Answer: censored, impoverished - past participles used as adjectives walking, living - present participles used as adjectives
In simple words: "Censored" and "impoverished" are past participles acting as adjectives, describing limits and places respectively, while "walking" and "living" are present participles acting as adjectives, describing screens and newspapers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that participles (both past and present) can function as adjectives, providing descriptive detail about nouns. Ensure you correctly identify the type of participle and its role.

Question 6. Pick out four proper nouns for places from the extract.
Answer: Kyoto, Pagan, Lhasa, Havana.
In simple words: Four specific place names from the text are Kyoto, Pagan, Lhasa, and Havana.

🎯 Exam Tip: Proper nouns are specific names of people, places, or things and are always capitalized. Distinguish them from common nouns which refer to general categories.

Question 7. Find from the extract one word for the following : 1. A Japanese art of flower arrangement 2. Satisfaction of one with oneself or one's own achievements.
Answer:1. ikebana 2. complacencies
In simple words: The term for Japanese flower arrangement is "ikebana," and the term for self-satisfaction with one's own achievements is "complacencies."

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to find specific words from an extract, scan the text for keywords and context clues that match the given definitions or descriptions.

Question 8. Complete the table with the words given in the brackets: (values celebrate now deeply discovery apprehend wonderfully distant quietude foreign appreciative spins)
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing tables for parts of speech, carefully consider the function of each word in a sentence. Verbs show action, nouns name, adjectives describe, and adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Question 9. Find out a past/present participle from the extract that has been used as an adjective:
Answer: searching questions (searching - present participle)
In simple words: The word "searching" acts as a present participle, modifying "questions" to describe them as investigative or probing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a present participle acting as an adjective describes the noun as actively doing something, while a past participle describes the noun as being acted upon or in a state resulting from an action.

Question 10. Discuss the pun implied by the writer, ecstasy (ex-stasis):
Answer: ecstasy - great joy. ex-stasis - previous period of inactivity or boredom. The words sound alike but have different meanings.
In simple words: The pun plays on "ecstasy" (intense joy) and "ex-stasis" (a state of coming out of inactivity), highlighting how travel brings exhilarating experiences that break free from past boredom or stagnation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing a pun, first define each meaning of the word/phrase involved, then explain how the writer uses the double meaning to create a humorous or insightful effect.

Question 11. Guess the meaning: 1. many-tongued 2. mongrel 3. inheritance 4. notions
Answer:1. many-tongued - a person who speaks many languages. 2. mongrel - (here) someone who has a mixed upbringing, someone of mixed cultures. 3. inheritance - the acquisition of a possession, condition, or trait from past generations. 4. notions - ideas.
In simple words: "Many-tongued" means multilingual, "mongrel" refers to someone of mixed cultural heritage, "inheritance" is what's received from past generations, and "notions" are simply ideas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining vocabulary, provide concise and accurate explanations. For words with multiple meanings (like "mongrel"), specify the contextually relevant definition.

Question 12. Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B, with reference to the extract:
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching exercises, read both columns carefully and recall how the words were used together in the text. Context is key to making correct associations.

Question 13. Give the adjective forms of: 1. perception 2. imagination 3. friendship 4. reality
Answer:1. perception - perceptive 2. imagination - imaginative 3. friendship - friendly 4. reality - realistic
In simple words: The adjective forms of the given nouns are: perceptive for perception, imaginative for imagination, friendly for friendship, and realistic for reality.

🎯 Exam Tip: To convert nouns to adjectives, you often add suffixes like -ive, -ful, -ic, -y, or -al. Practice recognizing common word transformations to improve your vocabulary.

Question 14. Give the verb forms of: 1. perception 2. imagination 3. friendship 4. conspiracy
Answer:1. perception - perceive 2. imagination - imagine 3. friendship - befriend 4. conspiracy - conspire
In simple words: The verb forms corresponding to the given nouns are: perceive for perception, imagine for imagination, befriend for friendship, and conspire for conspiracy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When finding verb forms of nouns, look for actions related to the noun's meaning. Sometimes, the verb is derived directly from the noun, or a related verb exists.

Question 15. Guess the meaning: 1. atoll 2. prejudice 3. fosters
Answer:1. atoll - a coral island consisting of a reef surrounding a lagoon 2. prejudice - bias
In simple words: An "atoll" is a ring-shaped coral island with a central lagoon; "prejudice" means a preconceived negative opinion or bias; and "fosters" means to encourage or promote the development of something.

🎯 Exam Tip: For guessing meanings, use context clues if available. When defining, be precise and include key characteristics that distinguish the word.

3. fosters - encourages
In simple words: To "foster" means to encourage or promote the growth and development of something.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining verbs, provide synonyms or brief explanations of the action they describe.

Question 17. Find from the extract the antonyms of: 1. worthless 2. public 3. nearest 4. familiar 5. outside 6. slow
Answer:1. worthless - valuable 2. public x private 3. nearest - farthest 4. familiar - unfamiliar 5. outside x inside 6. slow x quick
In simple words: The antonyms for the given words are valuable (for worthless), private (for public), farthest (for nearest), unfamiliar (for familiar), inside (for outside), and quick (for slow).

🎯 Exam Tip: Antonyms are words with opposite meanings. Practice identifying them by considering the direct contrast in meaning for each word provided.

Do as directed:

Question 1. The queen loved her people and looked after the affairs of her kingdom well. (Rewrite using 'who'.)
Answer: The queen, who loved her people, looked after the affairs of her kingdom well.
In simple words: This sentence means the queen, characterized by her love for her people, also capably managed her kingdom's matters.

🎯 Exam Tip: Using "who" often introduces a non-restrictive clause (set off by commas) that provides additional information about the noun it modifies, enhancing sentence flow and detail.

Question 2. But I want to test this. (Change the voice.)
Answer: But I want this to be tested.
In simple words: This sentence, changed to passive voice, means that the speaker desires for the 'this' to undergo a testing process.

🎯 Exam Tip: To change from active to passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence, and the verb is changed to a form of "to be" plus the past participle.

Question 3. The husband had a small smile on his lips while the wife looked sad. (Rewrite beginning with 'Though')
Answer: Though the husband had a small smile on his lips, the wife looked sad.
In simple words: This sentence means that despite the husband's faint smile, the wife appeared unhappy.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Though" is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a clause that expresses a contrast or concession. Ensure proper punctuation (a comma after the "though" clause) for clarity.

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1. You must neither tell me the whole story or at least the first part of it.
Answer: You must either tell me the whole story or at least the first part of it.
In simple words: The original sentence incorrectly uses "neither...or"; the correct correlative conjunction pair is "either...or" to present two alternative options.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use correct correlative conjunction pairs: "either...or," "neither...nor," "not only...but also." Misusing these pairs is a common grammatical error.

Question 2. No sooner did the Minister begin speaking, some rogues started shouting loudly.
Answer: No sooner did the Minister begin speaking, than some rogues started shouting loudly.
In simple words: The corrected sentence indicates that immediately after the Minister began speaking, rogues started shouting, using the correct "no sooner...than" construction.

🎯 Exam Tip: The construction "No sooner...than" is used to show that one event happened immediately after another. Always pair "No sooner" with "than," not "then" or a comma alone.