Maharashtra Board Class 11 Sociology Chapter 1 Introduction to Solutions

Introduction To Sociology Class 11 Sociology Chapter 1 Questions And Answers

1. (A) Choose The Correct Alternative And Complete The Statements.

Question 1.The term 'Socius' means .......................
(science / companion / social)
Answer: companion
In simple words: The term 'Socius' originates from Latin, meaning 'companion' or 'associate,' forming the root of 'sociology' as the study of companions or society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the etymological roots of key terms like 'Socius' can help in grasping the foundational concepts of sociology and earn full marks.

Question 2.The term 'logos' means .......................
(associate / science / methodology)
Answer: science
In simple words: 'Logos' is a Greek term meaning 'study' or 'science,' indicating that sociology is a scientific study of society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the Greek root 'logos' is crucial as it clarifies that sociology aims to be a systematic and scientific study, not just an observation.

Question 3.......................... is often regarded as the 'Father of Sociology'.
(Durkheim / Weber/ Comte)
Answer: Comte
In simple words: Auguste Comte is widely recognized as the 'Father of Sociology' for coining the term and proposing a scientific approach to studying society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Attributing key concepts or the foundation of a discipline to its pioneer (like Comte for sociology) is a common scoring point in examinations.

Question 4.When sociologist make an effort to understand practical problems of daily life it is a/an ....................... science.
(pure / application / theoretical)
Answer: application
In simple words: When sociologists apply their knowledge to solve real-world problems, they are engaging in applied sociology, which seeks practical solutions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiating between pure (theoretical) and applied sociology demonstrates a deeper understanding of the subject's practical relevance and academic scope.

1. (B) Correct The Incorrect Pair.

Question 1.
(a) Study of role of biology in human life - Bio-Sociology
(b) Study of social words of Art and Aesthetics - Sociology of Art
(c) Theoretical of knowledge in sociology in marketing segmental division of customers, Needs analysis etc. - Sociology of Market Research
(d) Study of visual dimensions of social life - Diaspora Studies
Answer: (d) Study of visual dimensions of social life - Visual Sociology
In simple words: The incorrect pair listed 'Diaspora Studies' for the study of visual dimensions of social life, whereas the correct term for this field is 'Visual Sociology.' Diaspora studies focus on migration, not visual aspects.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific focus of each sub-field of sociology to correctly identify and differentiate between them.

1. (C) Identify The Appropriate Term From The Given Options.

(Diaspora Studies, The Positive Philosophy, Theoretical Science)

Question 1.Comte coined the term sociology in this book.
Answer: Positive Philosophy
In simple words: Auguste Comte introduced the term 'sociology' in his influential work, "Course of Positive Philosophy," laying the groundwork for the scientific study of society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the specific works or contributions of foundational thinkers like Comte can impress examiners and ensure accuracy in your answers.

Question 2.Sociology is concerned with developing sociological theory.
Answer: Theoretical Science
In simple words: Sociology, as a theoretical science, focuses on formulating and verifying abstract principles and theories to understand social phenomena.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguishing between theoretical and applied aspects of sociology highlights a complete grasp of the discipline's dual nature.

1. (D) Correct Underlined Words And Complete The Sentence.

Question 1.When sociological research is done for its own sake it makes sociology a/an applied science.
Answer: When sociological research is done for its own sake it makes sociology a pure as well as a social science.
In simple words: Research conducted purely for knowledge generation, without immediate practical application, makes sociology a "pure" science, focusing on fundamental understanding rather than solving specific problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correctly identifying the distinction between 'pure' (for knowledge's sake) and 'applied' (for practical solutions) research is key to demonstrating conceptual clarity.

Question 2.Rape, hate, crimes and terrorism are examples of social institutions.
Answer: Rape, hate, crimes and terrorism are examples of social problems/ pathology.
In simple words: These acts are not social institutions (which are established norms or structures) but rather represent severe social problems or pathologies that disrupt societal well-being.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately classifying social phenomena as either 'social problems' or 'social institutions' reflects a precise understanding of sociological terminology.

2. Write Short Notes.

Question 1.Nature of sociology
Answer:
1. Sociology is an empirical science - Sociology studies and analyses social facts on the basis of scientific method. Empiricism is it's central feature as a science.
2. Sociology is a theoretical and applied science - Verification and formulation of new theories is a constant process in sociology. Also, many branches of sociology are based on the application of sociological knowledge to the field. Hence, it is a 'pure' as well as an 'applied' social science.
3. Sociology is a factual science - The aim of sociology of to find out the reality of society hence sociology studies the constructive part and destructive elements in society.
4. Sociology is a holistic science - Sociology does not limit itself to the study of any specific or particular aspect of society. It studies society as a whole.
In simple words: Sociology is an empirical, theoretical, applied, factual, and holistic science. It uses scientific methods to study society comprehensively, developing theories and applying knowledge to real-world issues, examining both positive and negative aspects.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the nature of sociology, ensure you include its empirical basis, theoretical and applied dimensions, factual orientation, and holistic approach for a complete answer.

Question 2.New emerging areas in sociology
Answer:
The subject matter of sociology is very wide. Hence, new areas emerging in sociology are:
1. Bio-sociology - Studies the role of biology in human social life.
2. Sociology of art - Helps to understand the social world of art and aesthetics
3. Sociology of market research - It deals with the theoretical knowledge of sociology in marketing, segmental division of customers, needs analysis etc.
4. Visual sociology - Based on visual dimensions of social life.
5. Diaspora studies - Studies migration and its cultural, literacy, social, demographic, anthropological, political, economic impact and international of relations.
In simple words: Sociology is constantly evolving, with new fields like Bio-sociology, Sociology of Art, Sociology of Market Research, Visual Sociology, and Diaspora Studies emerging to address diverse and specialized aspects of human social life and interaction.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing emerging areas, briefly defining each with its core focus demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the expanding scope of sociology.

Question 3.Enlightenment period
Answer:
1. The Europe produced a 'Scientific Revolution' in the Renaissance period. There was increased emphasis on science in society as a whole. The technological advancement influenced every sector of life.
2. The ideas and discoveries contributed by science led to emergence of sociology. This era is known as the enlightenment period.
3. The Enlightenment period saw the beginning of the scientific revolution. Science was considered in the social context and looked at as a tool for satisfying the needs of humanity.
4. New scientific discoveries helped in the eradication of blind beliefs. This period has made a significant contribution to shaping a scientific attitude in Sociology.
In simple words: The Enlightenment was a historical period marked by the Scientific Revolution, where a new emphasis on scientific inquiry and reason challenged traditional beliefs, leading to technological advancements and fostering a scientific attitude that laid the intellectual groundwork for the emergence of sociology.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the role of reason, scientific thought, and the questioning of traditional beliefs as defining characteristics of the Enlightenment's impact on sociology.

3. Differentiate Between.

Question 1.Natural Science and Social Science.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: When differentiating, focus on the object of study (nature vs. human society), methodology (laboratory experiments vs. complex social research), and the precision of results (exact vs. less predictable).

Question 2.Theoretical Science and Applied Science.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the *purpose* of each (knowledge vs. problem-solving) and their *outcomes* (theory building vs. practical application) for a strong comparison.

4. Explain The Following Concept With Suitable Examples.

Question 1.Diaspora
Answer:
1. Diaspora is he movement of the people from their original place to other geographical area.
2. Though people migrate they maintain their originality in the migrated area.
3. The people though they have migrated from their original place, follow their rituals, customs and maintain their original existence in areas where they have been migrated.
Example: Migration of rural people to urban area.
In simple words: Diaspora refers to the dispersal of a population from their original homeland to other geographical regions, where they often maintain cultural ties, rituals, and a sense of collective identity despite living elsewhere. A common example is the migration of rural populations to urban centers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining diaspora, emphasize both the geographical movement and the preservation of cultural identity and customs in the new location.

Question 2.Bio-Sociology
Answer:
1. Bio-Sociology is a subject that has emerged relatively recently in Sociology.
2. Researchers in the area use a variety of sociological methodologies to study the role of biology in human social life.
3. Biologically male and female are different. Both have different strength and capacity because of their body structure. But in society culture plays different role in nurturing them.
4. These discrimination and differences affected the society in a great way. Bio-Sociology helps to understand this concept.
Example: Gender differences and discrimination.
In simple words: Bio-sociology is an emerging field that investigates the interplay between biological factors and social behavior. It studies how biological differences, like those between genders, influence social roles, cultural norms, and lead to social phenomena such as discrimination.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Bio-Sociology, clearly state its focus on the interaction between biology and social life, and provide an example that illustrates this connection, like gender roles and discrimination.

5. (A) Complete The Concept Maps.

Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख समाजशास्त्र के महत्व को एक अवधारणा मानचित्र के रूप में दर्शाता है। इसमें समाजशास्त्र के अध्ययन के विभिन्न लाभ और भूमिकाएँ शामिल हैं, जैसे कि यह समाज का वैज्ञानिक तरीके से अध्ययन करता है, सामाजिक विविधताओं का ज्ञान देता है, वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण विकसित करता है, करियर-उन्मुख है, सामाजिक समस्याओं का समाधान प्रदान करता है, और लोगों को अद्यतन और जागरूक रखता है।

Importance of Sociology

• It studies society in a scientific manner
• Gives knowledge about social diversities
• Develops scientific approach
• It is career oriented
• Provides solutions to social problems
• Keeps people updated and alert

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining concept maps, ensure all branches are clearly articulated, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of the central theme.

5. (B) State Whether The Following Statements Are True Or False With Reasons.

Question 1.The French revolution led to changes in society.
Answer: This statement is True.
1. French Revolution was one of the best examples of struggle for freedom and equality.
2. Through this revolution feudal system had been overthrown. The new system came into existence which was based on the principles of liberty, fraternity and equality.
3. French revolution brought tremendous changes in the life of the people not only in France but all over Europe. Hence, French revolution led to changes in society.
In simple words: The French Revolution fundamentally transformed society by overthrowing the feudal system and establishing new ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity, significantly impacting not only France but also influencing societal changes across Europe.

🎯 Exam Tip: When providing reasons, always link the historical event directly to its social consequences, focusing on key concepts like the overthrow of old systems and the introduction of new principles.

Question 2.The development in natural sciences has had an impact on sociology as a discipline.
Answer: This statement is True.
1. Natural sciences are differentiated from other modes of knowledge, by method, not by subject matter.
2. The revolutionary concept that social phenomena are natural phenomena and therefore can be studied by natural - science methodology is being rapidly accepted.
3. Sociology uses scientific methods and research to solve the many problems of society like poverty unemployment etc. Hence, the development in natural science has had an impact on sociology as a discipline.
In simple words: The success of natural sciences in using systematic methods to understand the natural world inspired early sociologists to apply similar scientific rigor to study social phenomena, impacting sociology's development as a scientific discipline.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize how the methodology of natural sciences provided a model for sociology to adopt a scientific approach, thereby influencing its development as an empirical discipline.

6. Give Your Personal Response.

Question 1.Is India in the 'scientific' stage of growth? Explain why you hold the view that you do.
Answer: Yes, India is in the 'scientific' stage of growth.
During ancient period India faced many social problems like blind faith, illiteracy, child-infanticide etc. Many cultural, political differences etc., were followed. By adopting scientific method, sociologist have been trying to minimize the problems. They have suggested some measures to the government to find out certain solutions to solve the problems.
The technological and scientific advancement influenced every sector of life. India's scientific stage of growth includes technical development, which have resulted in technological inventions for scientific growth.
In simple words: India is indeed in a scientific stage of growth, evidenced by its adoption of scientific methods to address social problems, significant technological advancements, and the application of scientific knowledge across various sectors, leading to overall progress and development.

🎯 Exam Tip: When expressing a personal response, support your stance with specific examples or observations related to scientific and technological advancements and their societal impact in India.

Question 2.Explain in brief the link between cinema and society.
Answer: Cinema is one of the means of mass media. Cinema and society are inter related and inter connected with each other. Society influences the cinema and vice versa. But cinema has both positive and negative influences on the society. As far as India is concerned one can find diversity in each and every aspect of society. In such situations cinema plays important role in integrating the society. It also helps to inculcate certain values like honesty, hard work, sympathy, charity, brotherhood etc.
Society influences the cinema and its subject matter. Film makers give special attention on the interest and demand of the people of the society.
In simple words: Cinema and society share a dynamic, interdependent relationship; cinema reflects societal values, diverse cultures, and issues, while also influencing public opinion, integrating communities, and promoting values through its narratives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the bidirectional influence: how cinema mirrors society (reflection) and how it shapes society (influence), providing a balanced perspective on their interconnectedness.

7. Answer The Following In Detail (About 150-200 Words).

Question 1.Discuss with suitable examples, the scope of sociology in today's world.
Answer:
The following points explains the scope of sociology in today's world.
1. Bio-Sociology - Example - Gender differences and discrimination. Researchers in the area* use a variety of sociological methodologies to study the role of biology in human social life.
2. Sociology of Art - Example - Warli paintings depicts their lifestyle or paintings related with Mohenjo Daro and Harappan Civilization. This area helps to understand the social world of art and aesthetics. This field seeks to understand the social context of the production and consumption of art.
3. Sociology of Market Research - Example - Advertising of bathing soap by convincing the people that they have used river Ganga's water in that. This is an applied field that connects marketing and sociological strategies to understand the market in a meaningful way.
4. Visual Sociology - Example - A researcher takes help of newspaper, film, movie, photographs for their study or for the study of a particular society. Visual sociology is concerned with visual dimension of social life. With the help of film, movie, pictures one can visualize or imagine a particular problem, on the basis of which valid and relevant data can be collected.
5. Diaspora Studies - Example - Migration of rural people to urban area. Diaspora is one of the movements of the people from their original place to other geographical area. Though people migrate they maintain their originality in the migrated area. The people though they have migrated from their original place, follow their rituals, customs and maintain their original existence in areas where they have been migrated.
In simple words: The scope of sociology is vast and ever-expanding, encompassing diverse fields like Bio-Sociology (gender discrimination), Sociology of Art (cultural expressions), Sociology of Market Research (consumer behavior), Visual Sociology (interpreting visual data), and Diaspora Studies (migration and cultural retention), all contributing to a comprehensive understanding of human social life.

🎯 Exam Tip: For detailed answers, provide a brief definition for each area, followed by a concrete, relevant example to illustrate its application and demonstrate thorough understanding.

11th Sociology Digest Chapter 1 Introduction To Sociology Intext Questions And Answers

Activity (Textbook Page No. 6)

Question 1.You have read about commercial, scientific, industrial and French revolutions which were responsible for the emergence of Sociology as a discipline. Identify the effects of industrial development on Indian society.
Answer: The effects of industrial development on Indian society are:
1. The use of new tools, machinery and techniques have increased the production speed of goods.
2. Development of trade, new institutions like, banks, credit /debit card facilities emerged.
3. Industrialization lead to Urbanization leading to migration of people from rural to the urban areas.
4. Rise in the factory system of production which provided many new job opportunities in small and large scale industries.
5. Emergences of new organisation and industrial policy.
6. Increase in national income.
7. Improved living standards of the people.
8. Stimulation of progress in other sectors of the economy.
9. Promotes specialization of labour.
10. Provides large scope for technological progress.
In simple words: Industrial development significantly transformed Indian society by boosting production through new technologies, expanding trade and financial institutions, fueling urbanization and migration, creating factory-based employment, increasing national income, improving living standards, and fostering specialization of labor and technological progress.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing societal impacts, categorize your points (e.g., economic, social, technological) and use clear, concise language to explain each effect of industrialization.

Question 2.Interview two people from your local area, who have migrated from another place. Find out the reasons for shifting and ask about their experiences and problems. (Textbook Page No. 8)
Answer: Following is a case of inter-state migration in India.
Interview name - Mr. XYZ
Migrated from - Bihar
Migrated to - Mumbai.
Reasons - Advanced economic and social life. Advanced / better quality of education. Faster access to facilities and services like healthcare, education, etc. Higher job opportunities and better standard of living.
Experience - As time passes, a house on rent. Good education to children. Happy urban life.
Problems - Language barriers
Discrimination and inequality
Less paid
Difficulties in job hunting
Exploitation housing problems
In simple words: This interview case study highlights that individuals migrate primarily for better economic opportunities and improved quality of life, often finding initial successes like housing and education, but also encountering challenges such as language barriers, discrimination, and exploitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: For case study-based questions, structure your answer clearly by stating the migration details, reasons, positive experiences, and specific problems faced, to provide a comprehensive response.

Question 3.Visit any nearby NGO and collect information about their work. Prepare a PPT and present it in your class. (Textbook Page No. 9)
Answer: Akshara - Empowering Women and Girls.
Akshara is a society helping women live a violent free dignified life without discrimination. It focuses on empowering women and girls through education, productive works and resistance to violence in their lives, so they can be strong and independent contributing members to society.
Akshara has a three-dimensional vision for change:
1. Changing hearts and minds of young women and men.
2. Transforming public attitudes
3. Reforming systems that deny gender justice
Work - (a) Akshara provides scholarships for education, training in life and technical skills and job placements for socially, economically disadvantaged young women.
(b) Akshara trains young men to become support gender equality and take up personal and social action.
(c) Akshara caters gender oriented educational stuff, online a training material videos and documentaries.
(d) Akshara lobbies with the state.
Vision - To establish a gender equality and violence free society
Goods - (a) Enhance societal consciousness on gender inequality.
(b) Employment of women and youth.
(c) Prevent violence towards women.
In simple words: Akshara is an NGO dedicated to empowering women and girls by providing education, skill training, and support to resist violence, thereby enabling them to lead dignified lives and become independent, contributing members of society, ultimately aiming for a gender-equal and violence-free world.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing an NGO's work, focus on its mission, target beneficiaries, key activities, and the broader vision or goals it aims to achieve, highlighting its impact on society.

Question 4.Discuss the statement listed
(i) Sociology is practical and related to life
(ii) Careers in Sociology. (Textbook Page No. 11)
Answer:
(i) Sociology is practical and related to life - Practical sociology refers to a form of sociological practice that is concerned with using sociological theories and research to understand on going activities. It is the task of sociology to study the social problems through the methods of scientific research and to find out solutions to them.
Sociology studies everyday social life, human interaction, institutions, behaviour and its origins. Sociology helps us to understand our and other people's culture and environment.
(ii) Careers in Sociology.
1. Human Resources
2. Journalism
3. Social Work / Public services
4. Academics
5. Consumers Relations
6. Lawyer
7. Guidance Counsellor (Guidance counsellor use knowledge of the Sociology of learning to help students navigate the academic world.)
In simple words: Sociology is practical because it uses scientific research to understand and address real-life social issues, helping individuals comprehend their culture and environment, and it offers diverse career paths in fields like human resources, social work, journalism, and counseling due to its focus on human interaction and societal dynamics.

🎯 Exam Tip: For this type of two-part question, clearly separate your answers for "practicality in life" and "careers," providing a concise explanation for each to ensure all aspects are covered.