Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Chapter 14 Delhi Sultanate Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom Solutions

1A. Choose the Correct Alternative and Write the Complete Sentences.

Question 1. The royal poet in the court of Balban was _________________
(a) Al-Beruni
(b) Tuli
(c) Amir Khusrow
(d) Husen Shah Sharukhi.
Answer: (c) Amir Khusrow
In simple words: Amir Khusrow was a famous poet who wrote beautiful poems and served in the royal court of the ruler Balban.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Amir Khusrow is often called the "Parrot of India" and is highly associated with the Delhi Sultanate court literature.

Question 2. The first ruler who built the buildings in Indo-Islamic style of architecture was _________________
(a) Ferozshah Tughluq
(b) Qutubuddin Aibak
(c) Alauddin Khalji
(d) Akbar
Answer: (b) Qutubuddin Aibak
In simple words: Qutubuddin Aibak started building structures like the Qutub Minar, which mixed Indian and Islamic styles of building for the first time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate Qutubuddin Aibak with the start of the Delhi Sultanate and the earliest Indo-Islamic monuments like the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque.

1B. Find the Incorrect Pair from Set B and Write the Correct Ones.

Question 1. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones:

🎯 Exam Tip: When correcting pairs, always write both the incorrect pair and its correct version clearly to show the examiner you know the exact correction.

2. Complete the Concept Maps.

Question 1. Complete the concept map showing buildings in Islamic style during the Sultanate period.
Answer:
• Quwwat-i-Islam
• Qutub Minar
• Jamalkhan mosque
• Alai Darwaza
In simple words: These are four famous examples of Islamic architecture built during the Sultanate rule in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize these four key monuments as they are classic examples of Sultanate-era architecture frequently asked in exams.

Explain the Statements with Reasons

Question 1. The Arab rule did not expand in India.
Answer:
• There was political instability in India in the 13th century and the Turkish invaders took advantage of this instability.
• Muhammad bin Qasim of the Ummayad dynasty attacked Sindh in the year 712 C.E.
• He conquered the entire region from Sindh to Multan. After Muhammad bin Qasim, the Arabs rule in India grew unstable. This lack of centralized authority made it difficult for them to establish a permanent empire.
In simple words: Although the Arabs conquered Sindh, their rule did not spread further because of political instability and the rise of other powerful local rulers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the year 712 C.E. and the name Muhammad bin Qasim to secure full marks for historical accuracy.

Question 2. The Rajput rulers had to accept defeat in front of the Turkish invaders.
Answer:
• In the 13th century, many petty rulers existed such as Chauhans of Rajasthan, Pratiharas, and Gadhwals (Rathod) of Kanauj, Chandellas of Bundelkhand, Parmars of Malwa, Kalachuris of Gorakhpur, Kalachuris of Tripuri (Madhya Pradesh), Chalukyas (Solanki) of Gujarat, Palas of Bengal, etc. These kingdoms were constantly fighting among themselves, which severely weakened their collective defense against foreign invasions.
In simple words: The Rajput rulers were divided into many small, independent kingdoms that fought with each other, making it easy for the united Turkish invaders to defeat them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the lack of unity among the various Rajput clans as the primary reason for their defeat.

State Your Opinion

Question 1. The textile industry flourished during the Sultanate’s rule.
Answer:
• The textile industry flourished on large scale.
• Delhi, Agra, Lahore, Multan, Banaras, Patna, Khambayat, Burhanpur, Devgiri were the main centers of the textile industry during this period.
• The cotton cloth was exported on a large scale from Bengal to Gujarat.
• The textile exports included muslin, linen cloth, satin, and jari cloth.
• The textile dyeing industry gained importance. Golconda, Ahmedabad, Dhaka, etc. were the centers of this industry. This growth in production also boosted local trade and created numerous jobs for skilled weavers.
In simple words: During the Sultanate rule, making clothes became a huge business. Many cities became famous for producing and exporting different types of beautiful fabrics like cotton and silk.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention at least three major textile centers like Delhi, Agra, or Lahore to secure full marks in this answer.

Write Short Notes

Question 1. Khyber Pass.
Answer:
• The Khyber Pass has proved to be very important in Indian history.
• During the ancient period, the trade between India and Central Asia was carried via. this pass.
• After the Persian Emperor Darius, Alexander came, to India, via. this pass and so did Mahmud Ghazni, Babur, Nadir Shah, and Ahmed Shah Abdali.
• The British built a railway line with its last destination at a place called ‘Jamrud’ near Peshawar in Pakistan, Jamrud in the doorway of Khyber Pass. Its strategic location made it a gateway for both merchants and invading armies throughout the centuries.
In simple words: The Khyber Pass is a mountain pass that connected India with Central Asia. It was highly important for trade and was the route used by many famous historical invaders to enter India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the names of key historical figures like Alexander and Babur who used this pass to emphasize its historical significance.

Question 2. Coins during Sultanate period.
Answer:
• The Sultans of Delhi issued coins in gold, silver, and copper.
• These coins, known as Tanka (silver) and Jital (copper), helped in smooth trade and transactions.
• The coins often bore the name of the ruling Sultan, the year of minting, and sometimes calligraphic inscriptions or religious texts.
• They provide valuable information about the economic condition, the extent of the empire, and the artistic skills of the period. The introduction of standardized currency greatly stabilized the market economy of the Sultanate.
In simple words: The rulers of the Sultanate issued gold, silver, and copper coins like the Tanka and Jital. These coins made trading easier and tell us a lot about the wealth and history of that time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to mention the specific names of the coins, 'Tanka' and 'Jital', as these are key terms examiners look for.

Coinage System During the Sultanate Period

• During the sultanate period, there were major changes in the coinage system.
• The names of the Khalifa and the Sultan were inscribed on the coins.
• Details regarding the year of issue, place of minting, etc. were inscribed on it in the Arabic script.
• ‘Tola’ came to be considered as a standard unit for the weight of the coin.

Answer the Following Questions with Help of Given Points

Question 1. Write down the information about the invasion of Alauddin Khilji on Yadavas of Devgiri with the help of points given below.
(a) Reasons of invasion
(b) Invasion and events
(c) Effects of invasion
Answer:
(a) Reasons of invasion:
• Devgiri was a prosperous city in the South.
• King Ramadevarai Yadava was ruling over Devgiri.
• Alauddin attacked Devgiri in 1296 C.E.
• In face of the sudden attack, Ramadevarai took shelter in the fort of Devgiri (Daulatabad). Alauddin seized the fort and plundered the city.
• Alauddin conquered nearby provinces of Devgiri as well and collected a large booty as part of the treaty.

(b) Invasion and events:
• Ramadevarai, the ruler of Devgiri had stopped paying tribute to Alauddin for some time.
• So Alauddin sent his commander Malik Kafur to the South.
• There were political and economic reasons behind this campaign.
• The most important reason was to subdue the Yadavas and to collect tribute from them.

(c) Effects of invasion:
• The Yadavas were forced to accept the suzerainty of the Delhi Sultanate and pay a massive tribute, which severely weakened their political power and treasury.
In simple words: Alauddin Khilji attacked the wealthy city of Devgiri to gain riches and power. This forced the Yadava rulers to pay heavy taxes and accept the control of the Delhi Sultanate, marking the beginning of northern rule in the South.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering point-based questions, structure your response clearly under each sub-heading (a, b, and c) to ensure you cover all aspects of the question and secure full marks.

• Alauddin had increased his army in size.
• He was the first Sultan to set up a permanent standing army on a large scale.
• He devised new economic reforms for controlling market prices.
• These new measures created a heavy strain on the state treasury.
• It was also necessary to keep the newly increased army and its officers are busy by planning new campaigns.