Maharashtra Board Class 11 Education Chapter 5 Educational Management and Administration PDF Download

Educational Management And Administration

5.1 Concept Of Management

Management is a broad concept. Management determines objectives and prepares the plan accordingly. Though history of management is so old, discussion on scientific management started in 20th century. For the effective management planning is important.

If there is progress in schools, industries and other professions then we say that, there is good management. Parents also prefer those schools, colleges for admission of their wards whose management is good.

You must have attended different programmes in your school. If there is any drawback in organization of programme then we easily say that management of programme was not good. Fulfilment of objectives means management is good.

You have participated in different programmes in your school. In our daily life also we celebrate different programmes and functions.

Which things are necessary for conducting any programme successfully?

How is any programme planned?

Which are the factors to be included in the planning of programme?

5.1.1 What Is Management?

In management, many people come together and perform the work. To clarify the concept of management let us study some definitions given by experts.

Management is a multipurpose means that manages a business, managers, work and workers. - Peter Drucker

Management is the development of people and it is personnel administration. - Lawrence A. Appley

Management is simply the process of decision making and control over the action of human beings for the purpose of attaining pre-determind goals. - Stanley Vance

Teacher's Note

Management means planning and organizing work properly. For example, when your school organizes a sports day, good management means everything happens on time and smoothly.

Exam Trick

Remember: Management = Planning + Organization. Think of how your mother manages the kitchen - she plans what to cook and organizes the ingredients. Same for schools!

Points to Remember

Management is about making plans and decisions.
Many people work together in management.
Good management means fulfilling goals successfully.
Management is used in schools, factories, and businesses.
Planning is very important for good management.

5.1.2 Basic Principles Of Management

Henry Fayol put forth the 14 basic principles of management.

Division of work

Authority and responsibility

Discipline

Unity of authority

Unity of direction

Subordination of individual interests to the general interest

Remuneration

The degree of centralisation

Hierarchy of authority

Order

Equity

Stability of Tenure of Personnel

Initiative

Team spirit

The term management is related to the industry or business. From there it came to the field of education.

The concept of management is also implemented by the manager in the field of education, this is called as Educational Management.

The administrator controls whether the work is done according to given order or not.

Management Science is an important discipline.

Management has become an essential factor in all fields.

Teacher's Note

These 14 principles help organize any work properly. For example, in your school, the headmaster divides work - some teachers teach Hindi, others teach Math. This is the principle of division of work.

Exam Trick

Remember the first 3 principles: Division of work, Authority, and Discipline. These are the most important ones that come in exams. Think: Divide work → Give authority → Maintain discipline.

Points to Remember

Henry Fayol gave 14 basic principles of management.
Division of work means different people do different jobs.
Authority and responsibility go together.
Discipline means following rules and order.
Team spirit means working together with good feelings.

5.2 Educational Management

We have studied the concept of management as above. When the concept of management is applicable to the field of education then it is called as educational management. It is necessary in the field of education. Responsible citizen of the country is created through education. Educational management includes school activities, physical resources and evaluation.

5.2.1 Meaning And Nature Of Educational Management

Meaning

Educational Management is important to fulfill the educational objectives and for planned implementation. Educational management is the careful use of physical and human resources, various activities etc. to achieve the educational objectives.

Nature

Objectives defined by the administration are fulfilled through the management. The functions of management are inter-related and complementary to each other. Management is an integrated process. This process includes system of authority. Students, time, teaching, labour, tools, direction, grant etc., each component is planned synthesized and controlled. It is used according to its efficiency to achieve educational objectives. In modern times, the need of management is felt in all fields. Principles of management are applied in the field of education also. Educational Management includes planning, organisation, direction, motivation, leadership, communication, decision, control etc.

5.2.2 Objectives Of Educational Management

To determine the policy of organisational functions of educational institutes.

To develop appropriate inter-relationship among human components.

To provide appropriate motivation to each component in the educational management.

To complete the planned work in time and to run the institution in a good manner. To divide the work to be done.

To plan the available physical resources.

To accomplish the objectives set by the institution.

5.2.3 Need And Importance Of Educational Management

Need

To get information about structures of educational system.

For the development of attributes like cooperation, group integrity, broad perspective etc.

For facing challenges in the field of education.

For conflict management between administration of the institution and other employees in the institution.

For the aims of education and their fulfilment.

For implementation of individual rights and responsibilities.

Importance

After identifying educational objectives and policies; the planning of physical resources and programmes can be done.

It provides economic and physical facilities to educational institutes and creates awareness of taking care of these facilities.

It is useful in selection of human component, their appointment and development.

It is useful in suggesting improvement in learning, teaching methods, curriculum, textbooks, subjects to be taught, timetable, co-curricular activities, evaluation etc.

Each student can be motivated by providing appropriate opportunity of learning.

It is useful in establishment and maintenance of good relations with society and other external systems.

Teacher's Note

Educational management helps schools run smoothly and students learn well. In your school, when the principal plans the timetable, organizes sports, and manages teachers - this is educational management in action.

Exam Trick

Remember: Educational Management = Planning + Organizing + Motivating students. Think of your school principal as the manager who keeps everything running smoothly like a well-organized factory.

Points to Remember

Educational management uses resources like money, buildings, teachers, and students wisely.
It helps schools achieve their educational goals and objectives.
Good management creates good relationships between school and society.
It improves teaching methods and student learning.
It helps solve problems between teachers and administration.

5.2.4 Functions Of Educational Management

Planning

Organisation

Co-ordination

Direction

Communication

Decision Making

Motivation

Control

Adjustment of resources and their integrative use

Implementation

Evaluation

Planning: Educational planning includes ways and means to achieve national objectives of education, educational policies, programmes and procedures.

Organisation: Organisation means assigning roles to human components involved in education process and then implementing through their inter-personal relations.

Co-ordination: To set the limits of authorities to set limits of work and co-relate among them. eg. Principal and teacher.

Direction: Direction includes the explanation of task to the employee, to give orders and suggestions, to discuss, to observe etc.

Communication: Exchange of educational ideas, thoughts, facts, emotions between two or more individuals is called communication.

Decision Making: A process of selection of one alternative out of two or more alternatives, based on some specific criteria is called as process of decision making.

Motivation: Creating desire and enthusiasm for completion of any task is called as motivation.

Control: The concept of control includes measuring actual performance (task), evaluation of that performance (task) and suggestions required for corrective action so as to get planned outcome.

An adjustment of resources and their integrative use: It includes integrated attempts for adjustment of physical and human resources and human resource development.

Implementation: Implementation includes all essential activities required for completion of a task as per decided objectives.

Teacher's Note

These 11 functions work together like parts of a machine. For example, when your school organizes a sports day - planning when it will happen, organizing teams, communicating with parents, motivating students - all these functions work together.

Exam Trick

Remember: Planning comes first, then Organization, Direction, and finally Control. Think: PLAN → DO → CHECK. This is the order in which these functions happen in any organization.

Points to Remember

Planning means deciding what to do and how to do it.
Organization means dividing work among people.
Direction means telling people what to do and supervising them.
Communication means sharing information clearly.
Control means checking if work is done correctly and making improvements.

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