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Detailed Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy MSBSHSE Solutions for Class 10 Science
For Class 10 students, solving MSBSHSE textbook questions is the most effective way to build a strong conceptual foundation. Our Class 10 Science solutions follow a detailed, step-by-step approach to ensure you understand the logic behind every answer. Practicing these Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy solutions will improve your exam performance.
Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy MSBSHSE Solutions PDF
Towards Green Energy Class 10 Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board
Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.
Std 10 Science Part 2 Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy Question Answer Maharashtra Board
Class 10 Science Part 2 Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy Question Answer Maharashtra Board
Question 1. Remake the table taking into account relation between entries in three columns.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह दो सारणियों को दर्शाया गया है, जिसमें पहली सारणी में ऊर्जा स्रोतों और उनसे जुड़ी ऊर्जा तथा बिजली संयंत्रों का गलत मिलान है, जिसे दूसरी सारणी में सही करके दिखाया गया है।
| I | II | III |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | Potential energy | Wind electricity plant |
| Uranium | Kinetic energy | Hydroelectric plant |
| Water reservoir | Nuclear energy | Thermal plant |
| Wind | Thermal energy | Nuclear power plant |
Answer:
| I | II | III |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | Thermal energy | Thermal plant |
| Uranium | Nuclear energy | Nuclear power plant |
| Water reservoir | Potential energy | Hydroelectric plant |
| Wind | Kinetic energy | Wind electricity plant |
🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on understanding the energy conversion process for each power generation type to correctly match the columns in such questions.
Question 2. Which fuel is used in thermal power plant? what are the problems associated with this type of power generation?
Answer:
(1) The fuel used in the thermal power plant is coal. Coal contains chemical energy. Upon burning it releases heat energy. This heat is used for generation of electricity in the thermal power plants.
(2) Problems associated with power generations by thermal power plant:
(a) Air pollution: Due to burning of coal, there is emission of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide gases. These are harmful and toxic to health.
(b) Soot particles emitted during combustion can cause severe respiratory problems such as asthma.In simple words: Coal is the primary fuel in thermal power plants, releasing heat for electricity. However, burning coal causes severe air pollution, emitting harmful gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, and soot particles, leading to respiratory problems and global warming.
🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing environmental impact, specify the types of pollutants released and their direct health/environmental consequences.
Question 3. Other than thermal power plant. which power plants use thermal energy for power generation? In what different ways is the thermal energy obtained?
Answer:
(1) The power plant based on natural gas and the nuclear power plants also used thermal energy for the power generation. Apart from these, solar energy is also used to produce heat and thereby create the power.
(2) In nuclear power plant, the energy is released by carrying out fission of nuclei of atoms like Uranium or Plutonium. This energy is used to generate the steam of high temperature and high pressure. The steam rotates the turbine. The kinetic energy in steam drives the turbine and turbine in turn drives the generator.
(3) The combustion of natural gas produces gas, which is used to run the turbine. This gas is under high pressure and high temperature. This is used to produce thermal energy.
(4) In solar thermal power plant, thermal energy is generated with the help of solar radiation. For this reflectors and absorbers are used for concentrating solar radiation and converting it into thermal energy.In simple words: Beyond coal, natural gas and nuclear power plants use thermal energy. Nuclear plants harness heat from atomic fission, natural gas plants burn gas to create high-pressure, high-temperature gas, and solar thermal plants use reflectors to concentrate sunlight for heat production.
🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the source of thermal energy in each power plant type (e.g., fission, combustion, solar radiation).
Question 4. Which type/types of power generation involve maximum number of steps of energy conversion? In which power generation is the number minimum?
Answer:The steps of energy conversion are maximum in the thermal power generation. They are minimum in wind energy generation.In simple words: Thermal power generation has the most energy conversion steps, while wind energy generation has the fewest.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the energy transformation sequence for different power plants to identify those with maximum and minimum steps.
Question 5.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वर्ग पहेली (क्रॉसवर्ड) का चित्र है, जिसमें 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' अक्षरों से चिह्नित खाली स्थान दिए गए हैं जिन्हें ऊर्जा के विभिन्न रूपों या ऊर्जा उत्पादन से संबंधित शब्दों से भरना है।
Answer:
a. Maximum energy generation in India is done using ........... energy.
Maximum energy generation in India is done using thermal energy.
b. ........... energy is a renewable source of energy.
wind energy is a renewable source of energy.
c.Solar energy can be called ........... energy.
Solar energy can be called clean energy.
d. ........... energy of wind is used in wind mills.
kinetic energy of wind is used in wind mills.
e. ........... energy of water in darns is used for generation of electricity.
Potential energy of water in darns is used for generation of electricity.In simple words: This question fills in blanks related to energy: India's maximum generation is thermal, wind is renewable, solar is clean, wind's kinetic energy drives windmills, and water's potential energy in dams generates electricity.
🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to keywords like "maximum energy generation," "renewable source," and specific energy forms (kinetic, potential) to fill in the blanks correctly.
Question 6. Explain the difference.
a. Conventional and Non-conventional Sources of energy.
Answer:
Conventional Sources of energy:
1. Conventional sources of energy are largely polluting, they release lot of carbon through its emissions.
2. Conventional sources of energy are not eco-friendly.
3. The fuels produced from the conventional sources of energy are comparatively costlier.
4. Conventional energy power plants require less area and its management cost is also less.
5. Conventional source of energy are non-renewable.
6. Conventional sources of energy are in the form of limited reserves. After few years they will be completely over. e.g. Fossil fuels, coal, crude oil, diesel, petrol, natural gas, etc.
Non-conventional Sources of energy:
1. Non-conventional sources of energy are not polluting, They do not release carbon or other toxic gases.
2. Non-conventional sources of energy are eco-friendly.
3. The energy obtained from the non-conventional sources of energy are comparatively cheaper.
4. Non-conventional energy power plants require more area and its management cost is also more.
5. Non-conventional source of energy are renewable.
6. Non-conventional energy sources are in abundance on the earth. They are persistent and sustainable. Thus they will not get over. e.g. Solar energy, wind energy, etc.In simple words: Conventional energy sources like fossil fuels are polluting, non-renewable, and have limited reserves, whereas non-conventional sources like solar and wind energy are eco-friendly, renewable, and abundant.
🎯 Exam Tip: When differentiating, use a clear comparison table or list contrasting pollution, renewability, cost, and availability for each type of energy source.
b. Thermal electricity generation and Solar thermal electricity generation.
Answer:
Thermal electricity generation:
1. After burning the coal, the heat that is produced is used in the generation of thermal electricity.
2. For producing heat, the coal is burnt in the boilers.
3. The combustion of coal produces heat. This heat converts water into steam, which is under very high temperature and pressure. By its force the turbines move. The turbines in turn are connected to generator which rotates and produces energy.
4. Thermal energy is polluting and not eco-friendly.
5. The fuel here is coal, its reserves are limited.
Solar thermal electricity generation:
1. Solar radiations are used in solar thermal electricity production.
2. For production of heat, many reflectors are used which reflect the radiations of the sun into the absorbent.
3. Sun's heat convert the water into steam that rotates the turbine. The turbines then rotate the generators. This generates the electricity.
4. Solar energy is not polluting, it is eco-friendly.
5. The solar radiations are in abundance and are sustainable and persistent.In simple words: Thermal electricity relies on burning limited coal to generate steam for turbines, leading to pollution. Solar thermal electricity uses abundant, eco-friendly solar radiation concentrated by reflectors to produce steam for turbines, avoiding pollution.
🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the fundamental difference in fuel source (coal vs. sun) and the resulting environmental impact (polluting vs. eco-friendly).
Question 7. What is meant by green energy? Which energy sources can be called green energy sources and why? Give examples.
Answer:
(1) Green energy means eco-friendly form of energy which does not cause environmental problems and are non-exhaustible, perpetual and sustainable.
(2) These sources of energy do not produce toxic gases or other pollutants, therefore they are safe.
(3) Examples of green energy:
(i) Hydroelectric energy
(ii) Wind energy
(iii) Solar energy
(iv) Energy obtained biofuels.In simple words: Green energy is eco-friendly, non-exhaustible, and sustainable, causing no environmental harm by avoiding toxic pollutants. Examples include hydroelectric, wind, solar, and biofuel energy.
🎯 Exam Tip: Define "green energy" by its key characteristics (eco-friendly, non-exhaustible, non-polluting) and provide a diverse set of examples.
Question 8. Explain the following sentences.
a. Energy obtained from fossil fuels is not green energy.
Answer:Fossil fuels like petrol, diesel or natural gas when burnt, emit toxic gases and soot particles. Thus, fossil fuels cause air pollution. Burning of fossil fuels cause increased levels of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. The increased carbon dioxide emission results in global warming. Nitrogen oxide results later in acid-rain. Soot particles generated through burning of fuels cause respiratory problems like asthma. Moreover, the fossil fuels are non-renewable and exhaustible fuels. They have to be explored from the deeper layers of the earth causing lots of environmental problems. Green energy is sustainable, renewable and abundant. It never creates any environmental problems and is non-polluting. Thus, energy obtained from fossil fuels is not at all a green energy.In simple words: Fossil fuels are not green energy because their combustion releases toxic gases (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide) and soot, causing air pollution, global warming, acid rain, and respiratory issues. Additionally, they are non-renewable and their extraction causes environmental damage.
🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly link each pollutant (e.g., CO2, SO2, soot) with its specific environmental or health impact (e.g., global warming, acid rain, respiratory problems).
b. Saving energy is the need of the hour.
Answer:In modern civilization, continuous energy supply is needed for the technology and development. The energy has become a basic need for man. Most of the energy used in India is obtained from thermal power plant. For this energy generation, various fuels are used. The coal and fossil fuels are limited. Due to over-exploitation, these reserves are getting fast depleted. Use of fossil fuels is also resulting in pollution and climate change. Nuclear energy can be very hazardous. Lot of research is being done in the field of green energy, but the tremendous human population always is in need of more energy. Therefore, each and every person should save the energy, as saving energy is the need of the hour.In simple words: Energy saving is crucial due to our reliance on rapidly depleting and polluting fossil fuels, the hazards of nuclear energy, and increasing global energy demand, emphasizing the need for sustainable energy practices.
🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the three core reasons: resource depletion, environmental impact (pollution, climate change), and hazardous alternatives.
Question 9. Answer the following questions.
a. How can we get the required amount of energy by connecting solar panels?
Answer:
• The photovoltaic solar cells can be connected in a series or in parallel to make a solar panel.
• When solar cells are connected in a series, the potential difference of individual cells are added in the combination, however the currents from individual cells are not added.
• When solar cells are connected in parallel, the currents of the individual cells are added in the combination, but the potential differences from individual cells are not added.
• Through such connections the required potential difference and current can be obtained.
• Many such solar panels are connected in series and in parallel to generate required current and potential difference.
• When many solar panels connected in series they form a solar string. Many solar strings connected in parallel make a solar array. In such manner we can get the required amount of energy by connecting solar panels.In simple words: By connecting solar cells in series to add potential difference, and in parallel to add current, individual solar panels are formed. Multiple solar panels are then arranged into series "strings" and parallel "arrays" to achieve the desired total energy output.
🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between series connections (adding voltage) and parallel connections (adding current) for solar cells and panels.
Question 10. Explain with diagram step-by-step energy conversion in
a. Thermal power plant.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक थर्मल पावर प्लांट में ऊर्जा परिवर्तन को दर्शाने वाला फ्लोचार्ट है। इसमें रासायनिक ऊर्जा (कोयले में) से तापीय ऊर्जा, फिर भाप में गतिज ऊर्जा, उसके बाद टरबाइन में गतिज ऊर्जा, और अंत में विद्युत ऊर्जा का उत्पादन होता है।
| Chemical energy in coal | Thermal energy | Kinetic energy in steam |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical energy | ||
| Kinetic energy in turbine | ||
In thermal power plant the turbines are rotated using steam. Here the coal is burnt. The heat energy liberated from this burning is used to heat the water in the boiler. This water produces steam of very high temperature and pressure. The kinetic energy in the steam rotates the turbines. The rotation of turbines produces its own mechanical kinetic energy.
The generators connected to turbines produce electrical energy. The steam is condensed in a condenser and converted back into water. In this way in thermal power plant, thermal energy to kinetic energy, kinetic energy into mechanical energy and mechanical energy to electrical energy, are the conversions that take place.In simple words: In a thermal power plant, burning coal generates heat, which converts water into high-pressure steam. This steam's kinetic energy spins turbines, generating mechanical energy, which then drives generators to produce electrical energy.
🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the sequence: Chemical energy (coal) \( \implies \) Thermal energy (heat) \( \implies \) Kinetic energy (steam) \( \implies \) Mechanical energy (turbine) \( \implies \) Electrical energy (generator).
b. Nuclear power plant.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक परमाणु ऊर्जा संयंत्र में ऊर्जा परिवर्तन को दर्शाने वाला फ्लोचार्ट है। इसमें परमाणु ऊर्जा से तापीय ऊर्जा, फिर भाप में गतिज ऊर्जा, उसके बाद टरबाइन में गतिज ऊर्जा, और अंत में विद्युत ऊर्जा का उत्पादन होता है।
| Nuclear energy | Thermal energy | Kinetic energy in steam |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical energy | ||
| Kinetic energy in turbine | ||
In nuclear power plant, the energy is released by fission of nuclei of atoms like Uranium or Plutonium. This energy is used to generate the steam or high temperature and high pressure. The kinetic energy in the steam rotates the turbine. The turbine in turn drives the generator to produce electricity.In simple words: Nuclear power plants generate heat through the fission of uranium or plutonium atoms. This heat produces high-pressure steam, whose kinetic energy drives turbines, which in turn power generators to produce electricity.
🎯 Exam Tip: The core difference from thermal power is the source of heat – nuclear fission instead of burning coal. The rest of the conversion is similar.
c. Solar thermal power plant.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक सौर तापीय ऊर्जा संयंत्र में विभिन्न चरणों में ऊर्जा परिवर्तन को दर्शाने वाला फ्लोचार्ट है। इसमें सूर्य के प्रकाश को केंद्रित करने वाले और अवशोषित करने वाले उपकरण, फिर भाप बनाने के लिए ऊर्जा का उपयोग, भाप से टरबाइन और जनरेटर का चलना, और अंत में विद्युत ऊर्जा का उत्पादन दिखाया गया है।
| Concentrators for collecting sunlight | Absorber for absorbing the concentrated sunlight |
|---|---|
| Electric energy | |
| Electric Generator | |
| Steam turbine | |
Solar radiation is used to produce thermal energy. For this purpose, many reflectors are used which concentrate the solar radiation on absorbers. The heat energy created due to solar radiations is used to make steam. The steam possesses kinetic energy. This kinetic energy drives turbine and generator. The electrical energy is thus created from this kinetic energy.In simple words: Solar thermal power plants use reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto absorbers, generating heat. This heat produces steam, which then drives a turbine and generator to create electricity.
🎯 Exam Tip: Note the role of reflectors and absorbers in concentrating solar radiation to generate heat, which is then used to produce steam for electricity.
d. Hydroelectric power plant:
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक जलविद्युत ऊर्जा संयंत्र में ऊर्जा परिवर्तन को दर्शाने वाला फ्लोचार्ट है। इसमें पानी में स्थितिज ऊर्जा से बहते पानी में गतिज ऊर्जा, फिर टरबाइन में गतिज ऊर्जा, और अंत में विद्युत ऊर्जा का उत्पादन दिखाया गया है।
| Potential energy in water | Kinetic energy in flowing water |
|---|---|
| Electrical energy | |
| Kinetic energy in turbine | |
In hydroelectric plant the water stored in the reservoir is used as a source or potential energy. This water is made to fall at a great speed and hence there is production of kinetic energy in flowing water. This fast flowing water falling down from the reservoir is brought to the turbine at the lower levels. The kinetic energy of the flowing water in turn drives the turbine, The turbine then drives the generator and electrical energy is produced.In simple words: Hydroelectric power plants convert the potential energy of water stored in a reservoir into kinetic energy as it falls. This flowing water spins turbines, which then drive generators to produce electricity.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the sequence of energy transformations: Potential energy (stored water) \( \implies \) Kinetic energy (flowing water) \( \implies \) Mechanical energy (turbine) \( \implies \) Electrical energy (generator).
Question 11. Give scientific reasons:
a. The construction of turbine is different for different types of power plants.
Answer:
• Generators work on the principles of electromagnetic induction.
• For this the generator must be rotated.
• For this purpose, there is a turbine for each generator.
• This rotation needs energy. The turbines are different according to the type of energy source that is used for its rotation.
• Therefore, the construction of turbine is different for each power plant.In simple words: Turbines differ across power plants because their design must match the specific energy source (e.g., steam, water, wind) used to rotate them, which in turn drives the generator for electricity production.
🎯 Exam Tip: The key reason is the varied nature of the driving fluid/force (steam, water, wind) which requires different turbine designs for optimal energy transfer.
b. It is absolutely necessary to control the fission reaction in nuclear power plants.
Answer:
• Nuclear fission reaction is a type of chain reaction.
• In nuclear power plants these reactions are closely controlled.
• If these reactions are not managed properly, there can be more production of neutrons in an uncontrolled way.
• Each released neutron further causes fission of 3 Uranium (U-235) atoms, such uncontrolled reactions can cause hazardous accidents, hence it is absolutely necessary to control the fission reaction in nuclear power plants.In simple words: Controlling fission in nuclear power plants is vital because it's a chain reaction; an uncontrolled reaction with too many neutrons could lead to hazardous accidents.
🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the "chain reaction" aspect and the potential for "hazardous accidents" as the main reasons for strict control.
c. Hydroelectric energy, solar energy and wind energy are called renewable energies.
(July '19, Board's Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:
• Hydroelectric energy, solar energy and wind energy is obtained respectively from flowing water, solar radiations and flowing wind.
• These sources, i.e. water reservoirs, sun and the wind are inexhaustible and sustainable. They will not be finished.
• On the contrary, the conventional energy sources such as coal and fossil fuels have limited reserves.
• They cannot be renewed and may get exhausted in future. Hydroelectric energy, solar energy and wind energy can be replenished and hence they are called renewable.In simple words: Hydroelectric, solar, and wind energies are renewable because their sources-flowing water, sunlight, and wind-are naturally replenished and inexhaustible, unlike limited fossil fuels.
🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the inexhaustible and naturally replenishing nature of these resources, contrasting them with non-renewable fossil fuels.
d. It is possible to produce energy from mW to MW using solar photovoltaic cells.
Answer:
1. Solar panels can be constructed by connecting solar photovoltaic cells in either series or in parallels.
2. The combinations are done in such a way that it can give the desired potential difference and the current.
3. Solar strings are then made by joining solar panels in a series.
4. When solar strings are joined in parallel; they form solar array.
5. Therefore, by proper combinations, it becomes possible to produce energy from mW to MW using solar photovoltaic cells.In simple words: Solar photovoltaic cells can generate power from milliwatts to megawatts by connecting individual cells in series or parallel to form panels, and then combining these panels into series strings and parallel arrays to achieve the required voltage and current output.
🎯 Exam Tip: The core idea is scaling through series (voltage) and parallel (current) connections of cells, panels, and strings to build larger solar arrays.
Question 12. Draw a Schematic diagram of Solar thermal electric energy generation.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह सौर तापीय विद्युत ऊर्जा उत्पादन का एक योजनाबद्ध आरेख है। इसमें सौर ऊर्जा को अवशोषक पर केंद्रित करने के लिए सौर पैनलों का उपयोग दिखाया गया है, जिससे गर्म पानी और भाप बनती है। यह भाप टरबाइन को चलाती है जो जनरेटर से जुड़ा होता है, जिससे बिजली पैदा होती है। अंत में, भाप को संघनित करके ठंडा किया जाता है और पंप द्वारा वापस भेजा जाता है।
| Solar energy | Power grid | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Flow of hot water | Steam | Turbine | Generator |
| Absorber | Condenser | ||
| Reflector | Solar panel | Cooling tower | |
| Steam | Water | Pump | |
🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure all key components like solar panels/reflectors, absorber, boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, and cooling tower are accurately labeled and their energy transformations understood.
Question 13. Give your opinion about whether hydroelectric plants are environment-friendly or not?
Answer:
• Hydroelectric plants are advantageous in some respect while in some aspects it does create problems.
• Hydroelectric power generation does not need burning of fuels. Therefore, there is no problem regarding combustion of fuels and release of toxic pollutants.
• Electricity can be obtained as and when required if there is enough water in the reservoir.
• Water is replenished every time when there is sufficient rainfall.
• All the above facts give an impression that hydroelectric power generation is eco-friendly but it is not.
• Many villages and settlements are submerged when a dam and reservoir is constructed. The displaced people are given re-settlement, but it causes lot of emotional trauma to people.
• Biodiversity is affected as forest lands is submerged. The river flow is obstructed by the dam which affects the aquatic organisms residing in such water.
• Due to excessive pressure of water on land, it is said that the region gets prone to earthquakes.In simple words: While hydroelectric plants don't burn fuel or pollute the air and utilize a renewable resource, they are not entirely eco-friendly. They cause environmental and social issues such as submerging villages, displacing people, destroying biodiversity, altering river ecosystems, and potentially inducing earthquakes.
🎯 Exam Tip: Present both the advantages (no fuel burning, renewable) and disadvantages (displacement, biodiversity loss, seismic risks) to provide a balanced and comprehensive opinion.
Question 14. Draw a neat labelled diagrams.
a. Energy transformation in solar thermal electric energy generation.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक सौर तापीय विद्युत ऊर्जा उत्पादन संयंत्र में ऊर्जा परिवर्तन को दर्शाने वाला फ्लोचार्ट है। इसमें सूर्य के प्रकाश को केंद्रित करने वाले और अवशोषित करने वाले उपकरण, फिर भाप बनाने के लिए ऊर्जा का उपयोग, भाप से टरबाइन और जनरेटर का चलना, और अंत में विद्युत ऊर्जा का उत्पादन दिखाया गया है।
| Concentrators for collecting sunlight | Absorber for absorbing the concentrated sunlight |
|---|---|
| Electric energy | |
| Electric Generator | |
| Steam turbine | |
🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure accurate labeling of concentrators, absorber, electric generator, and steam turbine, along with the arrows indicating energy flow.
b. One solar panel produces a potential difference of 18 V and current of 3A. Describe how you can obtain a potential difference of 72 Volts and current of 9 A with a solar array using solar panels. You can use sign of a battery for a solar panel.
Answer:Given Potential difference is 18 V and current is 3A. The requirement is potential difference of 72 V and current is 9A Voltage remains the same if connected in parallel and gets added it they are connected in series. Current remains the same if connected in series but adds if connected in parallel.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख दर्शाता है कि 18V और 3A आउटपुट वाले चार सौर पैनलों को कैसे व्यवस्थित करके 72V और 9A का कुल आउटपुट प्राप्त किया जा सकता है। इसमें चार पैनलों की तीन श्रृंखलाओं को समानांतर में जोड़कर एक सौर सरणी बनाई गई है।
| 72 V 3 A | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 V | 18 V | 18 V | 18 V | |
| 3 A | 3 A | 3 A | 3 A | |
| 18 V | 18 V | 18 V | 18 V | |
| 3 A | 3 A | 3 A | 3 A | |
| 18 V | 18 V | 18 V | 18 V | |
| 3 A | 3 A | 3 A | 3 A | |
| 72 V 9 A | 72 V 9 A | |||
🎯 Exam Tip: Remember: series connections add voltage (potential difference), while parallel connections add current. Apply these rules systematically for complex arrays.
Question 15. Write a short note on Electrical energy generation and environment.
Answer:The energy obtained through the fossil fuels as well as nuclear energy can cause degradation of the environment. If such energy sources are used, they can cause harm to the environment.
(1) The burning of fossil fuels cause air pollution. The incomplete combustion of fossil fuels cause release of carbon monoxide. Some more toxic gases and soot particles cause various respiratory diseases. The carbon dioxide produced is creating global warming and climate change. The nitrogen dioxide released through burning is responsible for acid rains.
(2) Fossil fuels are limited. They are getting fast depleted. It has taken millions of years for the fossil fuels to form. The exploration of such fuels also cause environmental degradation and marine pollution too.
(3) In production of nuclear energy, there is a great risk of accidents. The safe disposal of nuclear waste is also a problem.
(4) Hydroelectric power from water reservoirs, wind power from wind, solar energy from sun and electricity from biofuels are eco-friendly alternatives.In simple words: Electrical energy generation, primarily from fossil fuels and nuclear power, significantly harms the environment through air pollution (global warming, acid rain, respiratory issues) and hazardous waste. Fossil fuels are also depleting and their extraction causes further damage. Eco-friendly alternatives like hydroelectric, wind, and solar power are crucial for sustainable development.
🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize the environmental impacts by energy source (fossil fuels, nuclear) and list specific pollutants/risks. Conclude by mentioning cleaner alternatives.
Use Your Brain Power! (Text Book Page No. 54)
Question 1. The schematic of hydroelectric plant is shown in Figure 5.17 on text book page no. 54. Water from about middle of the total height of the dam is taken to the turbine, as shown by point B in the diagram.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक जलविद्युत संयंत्र का योजनाबद्ध आरेख दर्शाता है। इसमें एक बांध, जलाशय, स्लुइस गेट, पेनस्टॉक, टरबाइन, जनरेटर और बिजली लाइनें शामिल हैं। जलाशय से पानी टरबाइन तक पहुंचाया जाता है, जो जनरेटर को घुमाता है और बिजली पैदा करता है।
(i) With reference to point B, potential energy of how much water reservoir in the dam will be converted into kinetic energy?
Answer: When the sluice gate at point B is opened, the water from reservoir will start flowing. The potential energy of the stored water will become kinetic energy of the quantity of water that is let out through the sluice gates.
(ii) What will be the effect on electricity generation, if the channel taking water to turbine starts at point A?
Answer: If the channel taking water to turbine starts at point A, then the water will flow with a greater speed. Since point A is at hSight, water will acquire speed. This will result into more efficient rotation of the blades of turbine. The electricity generation will thus become more efficient.
(iii) What will be the effect on electricity generation, if the channel taking water to turbine starts at point C?
Answer: If the channel taking water to turbine starts at point C, it will affect the electricity generation adversely. Point C is on the lower height as compared to the channel that carries water to the turbine. The flow of the water thus will be affected resulting into improper rotation of blades of turbine. This will certainly affect the electricity generation.
In simple words: The diagram illustrates a hydroelectric plant. Point B shows water released, converting its potential energy to kinetic energy. Starting water flow from a higher point (A) increases turbine speed and efficiency, while a lower point (C) reduces it, negatively impacting electricity generation.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the relationship between water height, potential/kinetic energy, and turbine efficiency is crucial for questions on hydroelectric power generation.
Choose the correct alternative and write its alphabet against the sub-question number:
Question 1. Large ........... are used in commercial power generation plants.
(a) machines
(b) generators
(c) turbines
(d) pannels
Answer: (b) generators
In simple words: Generators are the primary devices used in commercial power plants to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the basic components of a power plant and their functions; generators are key for electricity production.
Question 2. The principle of electromagnetic ........... was invented by Michael Faraday.
(a) induction
(b) attraction
(c) repulsion
(d) expulsion
Answer: (a) induction
In simple words: Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction, which is the process of generating an electromotive force across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.
🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key scientific discoveries and their inventors, especially those related to fundamental principles like electromagnetism.
Question 3. ........... is used to rotate the magnet in the generator.
(a) fan
(b) Generator
(c) Turbine
(d) Panels
Answer: (c) Turbine
In simple words: A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work, which then rotates the magnet in a generator.
🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the function of mechanical components like turbines with electrical generation; they provide the rotational force for generators.
Question 4. In thermal power plants, the ............ energy in the coal is converted into electrical energy through several steps.
(a) physical
(b) biological
(c) kinetic
(d) chemical
Answer: (d) chemical
In simple words: Coal stores chemical energy which is released as heat when burnt, driving the process of electricity generation in thermal power plants.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the initial energy form in various fuel sources; coal's energy is stored chemically.
Question 5. At .......... in Andhra Pradesh power plant based on natural gas has been installed.
(a) Hyderabad
(b) Vishakhapatnam
(c) Samaralkota
(d) Kakinada
Answer: (c) Samaralkota
In simple words: Samaralkota is the location in Andhra Pradesh where a natural gas-based power plant is established.
🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of specific locations of major power plants mentioned in the textbook, as they can be asked directly.
Question 6. Burning of coal may cause serious health problems related to ........... system.
(a) digestive
(b) respiratory
(c) nervous
(d) excretory
Answer: (b) respiratory
In simple words: Burning coal releases harmful pollutants like soot and sulfur dioxide, which can lead to severe respiratory issues such as asthma and bronchitis.
🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the environmental and health impacts of non-green energy sources; air pollution primarily affects the respiratory system.
Question 7. Incomplete combustion of fuels leads to formation of ..........
(a) carbon dioxide
(b) carbon monoxide
(c) carbon tetrachloride
(d) All the above
Answer: (b) carbon monoxide
In simple words: When fuels burn without enough oxygen (incomplete combustion), carbon monoxide, a highly toxic gas, is produced instead of carbon dioxide.
🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between complete and incomplete combustion products; carbon monoxide is a key indicator of incomplete burning.
Question 8. Solar cells are made of a special type of material called semiconductor such as ...........
(a) silicon
(b) uranium
(c) borosilicate
(d) hydrogen
Answer: (a) silicon
In simple words: Solar cells, which convert sunlight into electricity, are typically made from semiconductor materials, with silicon being the most common choice.
🎯 Exam Tip: Know the fundamental materials used in renewable energy technologies; silicon is crucial for solar cells.
Question 9. ........... of the following is eco-friendly energy resource.
(a) Coal
(b) Hydroelectric power
(c) Fossil fuel
(d) Atomic energy
Answer: (b) Hydroelectric power
In simple words: Hydroelectric power is considered eco-friendly because it harnesses the natural flow of water without burning fossil fuels or creating radioactive waste, reducing pollution.
🎯 Exam Tip: Classify energy sources based on their environmental impact; "eco-friendly" implies minimal pollution and sustainability.
Question 10. Which is the most abundant and renewable energy?
(a) Thermal power
(b) Solar energy
(c) Fossil fuels
(d) Atomic power
Answer: (b) Solar energy
In simple words: Solar energy, derived from the sun, is the most abundant and continuously available renewable energy source on Earth.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the concepts of abundance and renewability for different energy sources; solar energy excels in both categories.
Question 11. What are the two technologies for harnessing solar energy?
(a) Solar photovoltaics and solar thermal
(b) Solar cooker and solar lamp
(c) Heat capturing and Heat conversation
(d) Active and passive technologies
Answer: (a) Solar photovoltaics and solar thermal
In simple words: Solar photovoltaics convert sunlight directly into electricity, while solar thermal technologies use sunlight to generate heat for various applications.
🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the two main methods of utilizing solar energy – direct electricity generation (PV) and heat generation (thermal).
Question 12. Which of the following is used in solar cooker to harvest the solar energy?
(a) Solar panels
(b) Silicon cell
(c) Mirrors
(d) Glass lid
Answer: (c) Mirrors
In simple words: Solar cookers use mirrors or reflective surfaces to concentrate sunlight onto a cooking vessel, thereby increasing the temperature and cooking food.
🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific components and their roles in various solar energy applications, like the mirrors in a solar cooker.
Question 13. Which of the following is not the source of green energy?
(a) Wind
(b) Natural gas
(c) Sunlight
(d) Fossil fuel
Answer: (d) Fossil fuel
In simple words: Fossil fuels (like coal, oil, and natural gas) are not green energy sources because their combustion releases greenhouse gases and pollutants, contributing to environmental degradation.
🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between green (renewable, non-polluting) and non-green (non-renewable, polluting) energy sources.
Question 14. The solar lamp uses the ........... energy.
(a) Heat
(b) Wind
(c) Light
(d) Sound
Answer: (c) Light
In simple words: A solar lamp primarily uses light energy from the sun, converting it into electrical energy via photovoltaic cells, which then powers the lamp.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how different solar devices convert or utilize specific forms of solar energy; solar lamps leverage sunlight for illumination.
State whether the following statements are true or false with proper explanation:
Question 1. In thermal power plants, the turbines work on solar energy.
Answer: False. (In thermal power plant, the turbines work on steam. The turbines working on solar energy are not used.)
In simple words: Thermal power plants use steam generated from burning fuels, not solar energy, to rotate their turbines.
🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the energy source used for turbine rotation in different power plant types; avoid confusing thermal and solar power plants.
Question 2. How to dispose the nuclear waste safely is a big challenge before the scientists.
Answer: True. (Nuclear waste disposal is the greatest problem. It produces highly toxic effects in any ecosystem. Therefore, disposing such radioactive substances becomes a major challenge.)
In simple words: Safely disposing of highly radioactive nuclear waste is a significant scientific and environmental challenge due to its toxicity and long decay period.
🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the major disadvantages associated with nuclear energy, particularly the issue of waste disposal.
Question 3. The efficiency of power generation using coal plant is higher than that of power generation plant based on natural gas.
Answer: False. (The efficiency of power generation using natural gas plant is higher than that of power generation plant based on coal.)
In simple words: Natural gas power plants are generally more efficient than coal-fired plants because natural gas burns cleaner and allows for more efficient combustion processes.
🎯 Exam Tip: Compare the efficiencies of different thermal power generation methods; natural gas generally offers higher efficiency and lower emissions than coal.
Question 4. Energy obtained from nuclear fission is eco-friendly.
Answer: False. (Energy obtained from nuclear fission is not eco-friendly, because if accidents happen it leads to hazardous accidents.)
In simple words: Nuclear fission, while not producing greenhouse gases, is not considered fully eco-friendly due to the risk of catastrophic accidents and the challenge of safe radioactive waste disposal.
🎯 Exam Tip: Evaluate energy sources comprehensively, considering not just emissions but also safety risks and waste management challenges.
Question 5. In hydroelectric power plant, the kinetic energy in water stored in dam is converted into potential energy of water.
Answer: False. (In hydroelectric power plant, the potential energy in water stored in dam is converted into kinetic energy of water. The forceful downpour of flowing water causes this kinetic energy.)
In simple words: In hydroelectric plants, the potential energy of water stored at height is converted into kinetic energy as it falls, which then drives the turbines.
🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately describe the energy transformations in different power plants; potential energy converting to kinetic energy is fundamental to hydroelectric power.
Question 6. The turbine is connected to electric generator, therefore the magnet rotates and electric energy is thus produced.
Answer: True. (The rotating wheels of turbine cause mechanical energy. This energy helps to produce electrical energy.)
In simple words: Turbines convert the energy of a fluid into mechanical energy, which then rotates the generator's magnet to produce electricity through electromagnetic induction.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the connection between the turbine and generator; the turbine's mechanical rotation is essential for the generator's electrical output.
Question 7. Use of energy is unavoidable in our daily life, but we must use it carefully and only in the required amount.
Answer: True. (The energy Supply for everyday use results into lot of pollution. This causes harmful effects in the surrounding environment. Therefore, energy should be used in minimal amount and with great care.)
In simple words: Given the environmental impact of energy production, it is crucial to use energy responsibly and efficiently to minimize pollution and resource depletion.
🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the importance of energy conservation and sustainable practices in daily life, linking it to environmental protection.
Question 8. The machine which converts the potential energy of wind to electrical energy is called wind-turbine.
Answer: False. (When wind blows, the kinetic energy is present in it. This kinetic energy is converted into electricity. The flowing wind never has a potential energy.)
In simple words: Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of moving wind into electrical energy, not its potential energy.
🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy in the context of wind power; wind's motion (kinetic energy) is harnessed.
Question 9. The potential difference available from a solar cell is independent of its area.
Answer: True. (The potential difference available from a solar cell is independent of its area. However, it is dependent on the way in which solar cells are connected.)
In simple words: The voltage produced by a single solar cell is determined by its material properties, not its size, though larger areas allow for more current.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the electrical characteristics of solar cells: voltage depends on cell type, while current depends on area and light intensity.
Question 10. The power available from the solar cells is AC.
Answer: False. (The power available from solar cells is always DC while the domestic appliances that we use work on AC.)
In simple words: Solar cells inherently produce direct current (DC) electricity, which then needs to be converted to alternating current (AC) by an inverter for most household appliances.
🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that solar panels generate DC power, and an inverter is required to convert it to AC for grid compatibility and most home uses.
Match The Columns:
Question 1.
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| (1) Polluting energy | (a) Soot particles |
| (2) Eco-friendly energy | (b) Thermal energy |
| (c) Nuclear energy | |
| (d) Wind energy |
Answer:
(1) Polluting energy - Thermal energy
(2) Eco-friendly energy - Wind energy
In simple words: Thermal energy generation, typically from fossil fuels, causes pollution, while wind energy is a clean and eco-friendly source.
🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize energy sources based on their environmental impact; polluting sources contribute to emissions, while eco-friendly ones do not.
Question 2.
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| (1) Pollutants | (a) Soot particles |
| (2) Hazard to ecosystem | (b) Thermal energy |
| (c) Nuclear energy | |
| (d) Wind energy |
Answer:
(1) Pollutants - Soot particles
(2) Hazard to ecosystem - Nuclear energy
In simple words: Soot particles are a common pollutant from burning fossil fuels, and nuclear energy poses a significant hazard to ecosystems if accidents occur or waste is improperly handled.
🎯 Exam Tip: Relate specific environmental issues (pollutants, ecosystem hazards) to their corresponding energy sources.
Question 3.
| Type of energy | Problem |
|---|---|
| (1) Nuclear energy | (a) Rehabilitation of displaced people |
| (2) Natural gas | (b) Rainy season and darkness |
| (c) Limited reserves | |
| (d) Disposal of wastes |
Answer:
(1) Nuclear energy - Disposal of wastes
(2) Natural gas - Limited reserves
In simple words: The primary problem with nuclear energy is the safe disposal of its radioactive waste, while natural gas, being a fossil fuel, faces the issue of limited reserves.
🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the unique challenges associated with each type of energy generation, such as waste disposal for nuclear power and finite resources for fossil fuels.
Question 4.
| Type of energy | Problem |
|---|---|
| (1) Solar energy | (a) Rehabilitation of displaced people |
| (2) Hydroelectric energy | (b) Rainy season and darkness |
| (c) Limited reserves | |
| (d) Disposal of wastes |
Answer:
(1) Solar energy - Rainy season and darkness
(2) Hydroelectric energy - Rehabilitation of displaced people
In simple words: Solar energy generation is intermittent, affected by weather and nighttime, while hydroelectric projects often lead to displacement of communities, requiring rehabilitation.
🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the practical limitations and social impacts associated with renewable energy sources, such as intermittency for solar and displacement for hydroelectric projects.
Find the odd one out:
Question 1. Kudankulam, Tarapur, Ravatabhata, Anjanvel
Answer: Anjanvel. (All others are places having nuclear power plants.)
In simple words: Kudankulam, Tarapur, and Ravatabhata are locations of nuclear power plants, making Anjanvel the odd one out.
🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the names and types of major power plants in India as they might appear in "odd one out" questions.
Question 2. Samaralkota, Kudankulam, Bavanaa, Kondapalli
Answer: Kudankulam. (All others are places having power plants based on natural gas.)
In simple words: Samaralkota, Bavanaa, and Kondapalli are sites for natural gas power plants, whereas Kudankulam is known for a nuclear power plant.
🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between different types of power plants and their locations to correctly identify the odd one out.
Question 3. Tehari, Koyana, Srishailam, Tarapur
Answer: Tarapur. (All others are places having hydroelectric projects.)
In simple words: Tehari, Koyana, and Srishailam are locations of hydroelectric projects, while Tarapur is a site for a nuclear power plant.
🎯 Exam Tip: Keep a mental map of India's major power projects and their energy sources to correctly answer such questions.
Question 4. Edible oil, crude oil, LPG, CNG
Answer: Edible oil. (All others are fossil fuels.)
In simple words: Crude oil, LPG, and CNG are all types of fossil fuels or derived from them, whereas edible oil is a food product and not primarily used as a fuel source in this context.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the classification of fuels, particularly distinguishing between fossil fuels and other substances.
Question 5. Hydroelectric energy, Solar energy, Nuclear energy, Wind energy
Answer: Nuclear energy. (All others are eco-friendly green energy types.)
In simple words: Hydroelectric, solar, and wind energy are all renewable and generally considered eco-friendly green energy sources, making nuclear energy the odd one out due to its waste and accident risks.
🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the criteria for "green energy" and use it to categorize different power sources; nuclear energy, despite being low-carbon, has other environmental challenges.
Explain with diagram step-by-step energy conversion in:
Question 1. Power plant based on natural gas.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख प्राकृतिक गैस आधारित बिजली संयंत्र में ऊर्जा परिवर्तन को दर्शाता है। इसमें एक कंप्रेसर हवा को संपीड़ित करता है, जो दहन कक्ष में प्राकृतिक गैस के साथ जलती है। उच्च दबाव और तापमान वाली गैस टरबाइन को चलाती है, जो जनरेटर से जुड़ा होता है, जिससे विद्युत ऊर्जा उत्पन्न होती है।
In a power plant based on natural gas, there are three main sections of the plant. There is combustion chamber with compressor in which the steam under pressure is introduced. The natural gas burns in the presence of air in this combustion chamber. This results in a production of a gas which is at very high temperature and pressure. This generated gas from the chamber runs the turbine. The kinetic energy of the turbine drives the generator. The generator produces electrical energy.
In simple words: Natural gas power plants burn natural gas with compressed air to produce hot, high-pressure gases. These gases spin a turbine, which then drives a generator to produce electricity.
🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the sequence of energy conversions and the role of each component (compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, generator) in a natural gas power plant.
Question 2. Power plant based on wind energy.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख एक पवन ऊर्जा संयंत्र में ऊर्जा परिवर्तन को दर्शाता है। चलती हवा पवन टरबाइन के पंखों को घुमाती है, जिससे टरबाइन की यांत्रिक गतिज ऊर्जा उत्पन्न होती है। यह यांत्रिक ऊर्जा एक जनरेटर को चलाती है, जो अंततः विद्युत ऊर्जा का उत्पादन करता है।
Wind energy is used for moving turbines. The wind with specific speed is used to rotate the large fins of wind turbine. The kinetic energy in these fins is transferred to generator which then produces electrical energy.
In simple words: Wind power plants capture the kinetic energy of wind with large blades, which rotate a turbine. This turbine then drives a generator to produce electrical energy.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that wind energy directly uses kinetic energy, converting it through a turbine-generator system without an intermediate heat stage.
Explain the following questions in detail:
Question 1. What are the advantages of hydroelectric power generation?
Answer:
1. Hydroelectric energy does not cause pollution.
2. Generation of hydroelectric energy does not involve burning of fossil fuel.
3. If sufficient water storage is available then electricity generation can be done as per requirement.
4. Rainwater can replenish the water storage and power generation can thus be done uninterrupted.
In simple words: Hydroelectric power is pollution-free, does not use fossil fuels, allows flexible electricity generation if water is available, and its water source is naturally replenished by rainfall.
🎯 Exam Tip: List both the environmental and operational advantages of hydroelectric power, such as clean energy and dispatchability.
Question 2. How is nuclear fission reaction carried out in nuclear power plants?
Answer:
• In nuclear power plants neutrons are bombarded on atom of Uranium - 235.
• This causes conversion of Uranium - 235 into its isotope U - 236.
• U-236 is very unstable and thus forms atoms of Barium and Krypton by nuclear fission. This forms 3 neutrons and 200 MeV energy.
• In a similar way three more Uranium - 235 atoms are subjected to nuclear fission which then releases energy.
• The neutrons released are again used for further nuclear fission reactions. In this way nuclear fission reactions are carried out in controlled manner in nuclear power plants.
In simple words: In nuclear power plants, Uranium-235 atoms are split by neutron bombardment, forming unstable U-236 which then fissions into Barium, Krypton, and more neutrons, releasing vast amounts of energy in a controlled chain reaction.
🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the step-by-step process of controlled nuclear fission, including the roles of Uranium isotopes and the released neutrons in sustaining the chain reaction.
Question 3. Draw schematic of power plant based on natural gas and answer the following questions:
(a) At which place natural gas power plant is situated in Maharashtra?
(b) How is pollution reduced in natural gas based power plant?
(c) Give two examples of eco-friendly electricity process.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक प्राकृतिक गैस आधारित बिजली संयंत्र की कार्यप्रणाली को दर्शाता है। इसमें ईंधन (प्राकृतिक गैस) दहन कक्ष में हवा के साथ जलता है, जिससे गर्म गैसें उत्सर्जित होती हैं। ये गर्म गैसें गैस टरबाइन को घुमाती हैं, जो एक जनरेटर से जुड़ा होता है, जिससे विद्युत ऊर्जा उत्पन्न होती है।
(a) Natural gas power plant is situated at Anjanvel in Maharashtra.
(b) Natural gas does not contain sulfur. Burning of such natural gas does not produce pollution.
(c) Solar energy and wind energy are two examples of eco-friendly energy.
In simple words: The diagram shows how natural gas power plants generate electricity. In Maharashtra, such a plant is in Anjanvel. Natural gas causes less pollution because it lacks sulfur, making solar and wind energy good eco-friendly alternatives.
🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific examples of power plant locations. Understand the environmental benefits of natural gas (lower sulfur) compared to other fossil fuels, and list common eco-friendly energy sources.
Complete the paragraph by choosing the appropriate words given in the brackets:
Question 1. (marginal, array, cell, panel, string, current, power station, potential difference).
Many solar panels are connected in series and in parallel to generate required ........... and ........... Solar ........... is the basic unit in solar electric plant. Many solar cells come together to form a solar ........... Many solar panels connected in series form a solar ..........., and many solar strings connected in parallel form a solar ........... As we can obtain as much electrical power as needed, they are used in applications which need ........... power (e.g. calculators that run on solar energy) to ........... of MW capacity.
Answer: Many solar panels are connected in series and in parallel to generate required **current** and **potential difference**. Solar **cell** is the basic unit in solar electric plant. Many solar cells come together to form a solar **panel**. Many solar panels connected in series form a solar **string**, and many solar strings connected in parallel form a solar **array**. As we can obtain as much electrical power as needed, they are used in applications which need **marginal** power (e.g. calculators that run on solar energy) to **power station** of MW capacity.
In simple words: Solar cells are connected in series and parallel to form panels, then strings, and finally arrays, generating desired current and potential difference for applications ranging from marginal power needs to large-scale power stations.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the hierarchy of solar components (cell, panel, string, array) and how their connections impact the output (current and potential difference).
Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below:
1. Renewable energy is, energy produced from sources that do not deplete or can be replenished within a human's life time. The most common examples include wind, solar, geothermal, biorhass, and hydroelectric power. This is in contrast to non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels. Most renewable energy is derived directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight can be captured directly using solar technologies. The sun's heat drives winds, whose energy is captured with turbines. Plants also rely on the sun to grow and their stored energy can be utilized for bioenergy. Not all renewable energy sources rely on the sun. For example, geothermal energy utilizes the Earth's internal heat, tidal energy relies on the gravitational pull of the moon, and hydroelectric power relies on the flow of water.
Questions and Answers :
Question 1. What is renewable energy?
Answer: Renewable energy is energy that is produced from sources which will not get exhausted within a human's life time.
In simple words: Renewable energy comes from natural sources that replenish over a human lifetime and do not run out.
🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to define renewable energy clearly and concisely, emphasizing its non-depleting nature.
Question 2. Give the examples of renewable energy.
Answer: Wind, solar, geothermal, biomass and hydroelectric power are some examples of renewable energy.
In simple words: Examples of renewable energy include wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydroelectric power.
🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize several key examples of renewable energy sources to illustrate your understanding.
Question 3. Why will energy from fossil fuel be over soon?
Answer: Fossil fuels are exhaustible in their amount. We have been using these extensively in the past 100 years and hence it may get over soon. It is a non-renewable resource.
In simple words: Fossil fuels are limited resources that are being consumed much faster than they can naturally reform, leading to their eventual depletion.
🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that fossil fuels are non-renewable because their formation takes millions of years, making their current consumption unsustainable.
Question 4. Name the renewable sources of energy which are not dependent on sun. What are they dependent upon?
Answer: Geothermal energy, tidal energy and hydroelectric power are renewable energy resources which are not dependent on sun. Geothermal energy utilizes the Earth's internal heat, tidal energy relies on the gravitational pull of the moon, and hydropower relies on the flow of water.
In simple words: Geothermal energy uses Earth's internal heat, tidal energy depends on the moon's gravitational pull, and hydroelectric power uses flowing water; none rely directly on the sun.
🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the unique driving forces behind non-solar renewable energies (e.g., Earth's heat, lunar gravity, water cycle) to distinguish them from solar-dependent ones.
Diagram Based Questions:
Question 1. Observe the connections of cells shown in the following images.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): चित्र 5.19(a) में दो सौर सेल (Cell 1 और Cell 2) को श्रृंखला (series) में जोड़ा गया है, जहाँ एक सेल का धनात्मक सिरा दूसरे सेल के ऋणात्मक सिरे से जुड़ा है। चित्र 5.19(b) में दो सौर सेल (Cell 1 और Cell 2) को समानांतर (parallel) में जोड़ा गया है, जहाँ दोनों सेल के धनात्मक सिरे एक साथ और ऋणात्मक सिरे एक साथ जुड़े हैं। दोनों चित्रों में बैटरी के समान कनेक्शन दिखाए गए हैं।
(i) Which connection will give maximum potential difference?
Answer: The solar cells shown in the diagram 5.19 (a) are connected in series. This gives maximum potential difference.
In simple words: Connecting solar cells in series increases the total voltage (potential difference), providing a higher output.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding series vs. parallel connections for solar cells is crucial. Series connections increase voltage, while parallel connections increase current. For diagrams, ensure clear labeling of positive and negative terminals, and show the direction of current flow.
(ii) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of this energy.
Answer: Advantage of Solar energy: Solar energy is eco-friendly which does not create pollution. It is boundless source.
Disadvantage of solar energy: Solar energy is available only when sun is in the sky. Therefore, it has to be stored in batteries.
In simple words: Solar energy is good because it doesn't pollute and never runs out, but it only works when the sun is out, so you need batteries to store it for night or cloudy days.
🎯 Exam Tip: When listing advantages and disadvantages, always provide a balanced view and keep the points concise. Focus on environmental impact, availability, and storage requirements.
Question 2. Answer the following questions:
(a) Write the name of the device shown in the above diagram.
Answer: Steam turbine is the device shown in the above diagram.
In simple words: The device that converts steam's energy into rotational motion is a steam turbine.
🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key components in power generation diagrams. The turbine is central to converting fluid energy (steam, water, gas) into mechanical rotation.
(b) Write briefly the work of this device.
Answer: Turbine is a device with the blades. When the flow of liquid or gases is directed on the blades of the turbine, they rotate. The rotation produces kinetic energy. This turbine is then used to rotate the magnet in the electric generator. For this purpose, turbines are connected with the generators. The magnets rotate and produce electric energy by electromagnetic induction. The turbines working on steam are used in large commercial power generation plants.
In simple words: A turbine uses the force of flowing steam, water, or gas to spin its blades, which then turns a generator to produce electricity through electromagnetic induction.
🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the energy conversion process: fluid energy (steam/gas/water)
\( \implies \) kinetic energy of turbine
\( \implies \) mechanical energy of generator
\( \implies \) electrical energy (electromagnetic induction).
Question 3. Label the given diagram of Electromagnetic induction.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र विद्युत चुम्बकीय प्रेरण को दर्शाता है। इसमें एक कुंडली (Coil) है जिसके पास एक घूमता हुआ चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र (Rotating magnetic field) है। जब यह चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र कुंडली के पास बदलता है, तो कुंडली में एक प्रेरित ईएमएफ (Induced emf) उत्पन्न होता है, जिसे वोल्टमीटर (Voltmeter) की मदद से मापा जा सकता है।
In simple words: The diagram shows how a changing magnetic field near a coil creates an electric current (induced EMF), which is the principle of electromagnetic induction.
🎯 Exam Tip: For electromagnetic induction diagrams, remember Faraday's law: a changing magnetic flux through a coil induces an electromotive force (EMF). Key labels usually include coil, magnet/magnetic field, and galvanometer/voltmeter.
Question 4. Answer the questions with the help of picture.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक पवनचक्की (Windmill) आधारित ऊर्जा संयंत्र को दर्शाता है। इसमें एक बड़ा टरबाइन है जिसके पंखे (blades) हवा से घूमते हैं, जो एक जनरेटर (Generator) से जुड़ा होता है। आसपास के घर और संरचनाएं विद्युत ऊर्जा उत्पादन के संदर्भ को दर्शाती हैं।
(a) Which type of energy is produced?
Answer: In the picture, it is shown that using wind energy electricity is produced.
In simple words: This setup generates electricity using the power of wind.
🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize common energy generation setups like wind turbines. They convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy.
(b) This power plant is based on which energy source.
Answer: The power plant shown here is based on kinetic energy of wind which is converted to electric energy by utilizing kinetic energy from rotating turbines.
In simple words: The plant harnesses the kinetic energy from moving wind to turn turbines and produce electricity.
🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying the energy source, specify the *form* of energy being utilized (e.g., kinetic energy of wind, potential energy of water, chemical energy of coal).
(c) Is this power plant eco-friendly? How?
Answer: This power plant is eco-friendly because it does not cause pollution. Wind energy is green energy which is non-exhaustible and perpetual.
In simple words: Yes, it's eco-friendly because it uses wind, a clean and endless source, without creating pollution.
🎯 Exam Tip: For "eco-friendly" questions, always mention two aspects: lack of pollution (e.g., no emissions) and renewability/sustainability of the energy source.
Question 5. Observe the figure and answer the questions given below.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र परमाणु विखंडन (Nuclear fission) की श्रृंखला अभिक्रिया (chain reaction) को दर्शाता है। इसमें एक न्यूट्रॉन यूरेनियम-235 परमाणु से टकराकर उसे विखंडित करता है, जिससे बेरियम (Ba) और क्रिप्टन (Kr) जैसे हल्के परमाणु, अतिरिक्त न्यूट्रॉन और बड़ी मात्रा में ऊर्जा (200 MeV) उत्पन्न होती है। ये नए न्यूट्रॉन आगे और यूरेनियम परमाणुओं को विखंडित करते हैं।
(a) Name the reaction.
Answer: The reaction shown in nuclear fission or chain reaction.
In simple words: The diagram illustrates nuclear fission, a process where a heavy atom splits into lighter ones, releasing energy and more particles that can cause further splits, creating a chain reaction.
🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between nuclear fission (splitting) and fusion (joining). A chain reaction is characteristic of fission when enough neutrons are produced to sustain it.
(b) Where is this reaction used?
Answer: This reaction is used in nuclear power plants where electricity is generated.
In simple words: This reaction is primarily used in nuclear power plants to generate electricity.
🎯 Exam Tip: Connect scientific principles to their real-world applications. Nuclear fission is the basis of nuclear power generation.
(c) Which element is used in it?
Answer: Uranium-235 is used in the nuclear fission reactions.
In simple words: The primary element used for this reaction is Uranium-235.
🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific isotopes like Uranium-235 are fissile, meaning they can sustain a chain reaction.
(OR) Identify the process shown in figure and name it.
Answer: The above figure shows nuclear fission chain reaction of Uranium - 236.
In simple words: The process depicted is nuclear fission, specifically a chain reaction involving Uranium-235 (which then briefly forms Uranium-236 before splitting).
🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with the naming. "Nuclear fission chain reaction" is the most accurate description. Note that U-236 is typically an intermediate unstable nucleus formed right before fission.
Question 6. Observe the diagram and answer the questions :
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक प्राकृतिक गैस आधारित ऊर्जा संयंत्र (Natural Gas Power Plant) के ऊर्जा रूपांतरण को दर्शाता है। इसमें संपीड़ित हवा (Compressor for pressurised air) और प्राकृतिक गैस (Natural gas) एक दहन कक्ष (Combustion chamber) में मिश्रित होकर जलती हैं, जिससे गर्म गैसें (hot gases) उत्पन्न होती हैं। ये गर्म गैसें गैस टरबाइन (Gas turbine) को घुमाती हैं, जो एक जनरेटर (Generator) से जुड़ा होता है, जिससे विद्युत ऊर्जा (Electrical energy) उत्पन्न होती है।
(a) Which energy is generated from the power plant?
Answer: The diagram shows electricity generated from natural gas.
In simple words: The power plant generates electricity using natural gas.
🎯 Exam Tip: For power plant diagrams, always trace the energy flow from fuel to output (electricity). Natural gas plants convert chemical energy into thermal, then kinetic, then electrical.
(b) State its source.
Answer: The energy is generated from natural gas.
In simple words: The energy source for this plant is natural gas.
🎯 Exam Tip: The source is the primary input, in this case, a fossil fuel.
(c) Which is more eco-friendly - Power generation from coal or Power generation from natural gas? Why?
Answer: Power generation from natural gas is more eco-friendly. Natural gas does not contain sulfur and hence its burning does not cause major pollution by forming sulphur dioxide. The efficiency of power generation by natural gas is also high.
In simple words: Natural gas power generation is more eco-friendly than coal because it burns cleaner, producing fewer pollutants like sulfur dioxide, and is generally more efficient.
🎯 Exam Tip: Compare and contrast based on environmental impact (pollutants, greenhouse gases) and efficiency. Natural gas, while still a fossil fuel, is cleaner than coal.
Question 7. Write the names of apparatus that is used in thermal power plant.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक थर्मल पावर प्लांट को दर्शाता है। मुख्य उपकरणों में बॉयलर (Boiler), जहां कोयला जलकर भाप बनाता है; टरबाइन (Turbine), जो भाप से घूमता है; जनरेटर (Generator), जो बिजली पैदा करता है; कंडेनसर (Condenser), जो भाप को पानी में ठंडा करता है; और कूलिंग टॉवर (Cooling tower), जो कंडेनसर से गर्म पानी को ठंडा करता है, शामिल हैं। स्टैक (Stack) से दहन गैसें बाहर निकलती हैं।
In simple words: The main apparatus in a thermal power plant include the boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, cooling tower, and stack.
🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to list apparatus, think about the entire energy conversion chain, from fuel input to electricity output, including components for heat, motion, and cooling.
Question 8. Label correctly the diagram of Nuclear power plant.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक परमाणु ऊर्जा संयंत्र (Nuclear power plant) को दर्शाता है। इसके मुख्य घटकों में परमाणु रिएक्टर (Nuclear reactor) शामिल है जहाँ विखंडन होता है, नियंत्रण पॉड (Control pods) जो अभिक्रिया को नियंत्रित करते हैं, बॉयलर (Boiler) जहाँ पानी गर्म होकर भाप बनाता है, टरबाइन (Turbine) जो भाप से घूमता है, जनरेटर (Generator) जो बिजली पैदा करता है, कंडेनसर (Condenser) जो भाप को ठंडा करता है, और कूलिंग टॉवर (Cooling tower) जो गर्म पानी को ठंडा करता है।
In simple words: The diagram displays a Nuclear Power Plant, featuring the nuclear reactor, control pods, boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, and cooling tower.
🎯 Exam Tip: For nuclear power plant diagrams, focus on the reactor (where fission occurs), heat exchange (boiler/heat exchanger), turbine, generator, and cooling system. Control rods/pods are unique to nuclear reactors for safety.
Question 9. Label correctly the diagram of power plant baded on natural gas.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक प्राकृतिक गैस आधारित ऊर्जा संयंत्र को दर्शाता है। इसमें ईंधन (Fuel) और संपीड़ित हवा (Compressor for pressurised air) एक दहन कक्ष (Combustion chamber) में प्रवेश करते हैं, जहाँ वे जलकर गर्म गैसें (Emission of hot gases) उत्पन्न करते हैं। ये गर्म गैसें गैस टरबाइन (Gas turbine) को घुमाती हैं, जो एक जनरेटर (Generator) से जुड़ा होता है, जिससे विद्युत ऊर्जा (Electrical energy) पैदा होती है।
In simple words: The diagram illustrates a natural gas power plant with key components like the compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, and generator, showing the flow from fuel to electrical energy.
🎯 Exam Tip: In natural gas plants, remember the direct use of hot combustion gases to drive the turbine, unlike thermal plants where steam is generated indirectly.
Question 10. Label correctly the structures seen in Windmill.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक पवनचक्की (Windmill) की संरचना को दर्शाता है। इसमें हवा (Air) के प्रवाह से घूमने वाले ब्लेड (Blades) हैं। ब्लेड एक शाफ्ट (Shaft) से जुड़े होते हैं जो एक गियर बॉक्स (Gear box) से गुजरता है। गियर बॉक्स दूसरे शाफ्ट को घुमाता है, जो एक जनरेटर (Generator) से जुड़ा होता है। पूरी संरचना को एक सपोर्ट (Support) पर स्थापित किया जाता है।
In simple words: The diagram of a windmill shows blades, a shaft, a gearbox, a generator, and a support structure, illustrating how wind turns the blades to generate electricity.
🎯 Exam Tip: Key components of a windmill include blades, shaft, gearbox (to increase RPM for the generator), generator, and tower/support structure. Understand their roles in converting wind kinetic energy into electrical energy.
Question 11. Sketch two ways in which solar cells can be connected. Also draw the diagrams to show the arrangement of solar cells to form solar panel and solar array.
a. Solar cells in series.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र दो सौर सेल (Cell 1 और Cell 2) को श्रृंखला में जुड़े हुए दिखाता है। सेल 1 का धनात्मक सिरा सेल 2 के ऋणात्मक सिरे से जुड़ा है। इस व्यवस्था में, कुल वोल्टेज (V Total) व्यक्तिगत सेल के वोल्टेज (V1 + V2) का योग होता है, जबकि धारा (I) सभी सेलों में समान (I = I1 = I2) रहती है।
In simple words: This diagram shows two solar cells connected in series, where their voltages add up, but the current remains the same.
🎯 Exam Tip: For series connection, remember:
\( V_{total} = V_1 + V_2 + ... \)
\( I_{total} = I_1 = I_2 = ... \)
This configuration is used to achieve higher voltage output.
(b) Solar cells in parallel.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र दो सौर सेल (Cell 1 और Cell 2) को समानांतर में जुड़े हुए दिखाता है। दोनों सेलों के धनात्मक सिरे एक साथ और ऋणात्मक सिरे एक साथ जुड़े हैं। इस व्यवस्था में, कुल वोल्टेज (V) व्यक्तिगत सेल के वोल्टेज (V1 = V2) के समान रहता है, जबकि कुल धारा (I) व्यक्तिगत सेल की धाराओं (I1 + I2) का योग होती है।
In simple words: This diagram shows two solar cells connected in parallel, where their voltages are the same, but their currents add up.
🎯 Exam Tip: For parallel connection, remember:
\( V_{total} = V_1 = V_2 = ... \)
\( I_{total} = I_1 + I_2 + ... \)
This configuration is used to achieve higher current output.
(c) Solar panel.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र कई सौर सेलों (छोटे आयत) को एक साथ जोड़कर एक सौर पैनल (Solar panel) बनाता है। इसमें सेलों को श्रृंखला और समानांतर दोनों में व्यवस्थित किया गया है ताकि वांछित वोल्टेज और धारा प्राप्त की जा सके, और अंत में एक धनात्मक (+) और ऋणात्मक (-) टर्मिनल आउटपुट के लिए बाहर निकलते हैं।
In simple words: This diagram shows how multiple individual solar cells are interconnected within a single frame to form a solar panel, providing a combined electrical output.
🎯 Exam Tip: A solar panel is a collection of solar cells, often wired in a combination of series and parallel within a single unit to meet specific power requirements.
(d) Solar array.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र सौर ऊर्जा प्रणालियों के पदानुक्रम को दर्शाता है: एक सेल (Cell) कई सेलों को श्रृंखला में जोड़कर एक मॉड्यूल (Module) बनाता है। कई मॉड्यूल को श्रृंखला में जोड़कर एक स्ट्रिंग (String) बनती है। अंत में, कई स्ट्रिंग को समानांतर में जोड़कर एक सौर सरणी (Solar array) बनाई जाती है, जिससे बड़े पैमाने पर विद्युत उत्पादन संभव होता है।
In simple words: This diagram illustrates a solar array, which is a large system formed by combining multiple solar strings (each made of modules, which are made of cells) in parallel to achieve very high power generation.
🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the hierarchy: Cell
\( \implies \) Module (panel)
\( \implies \) String
\( \implies \) Array. This scaling allows for small-scale to utility-scale solar power generation.
Question 12. Observe the figure given below and answer the given questions:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक सौर ऊर्जा संयंत्र को दर्शाता है जहाँ सूर्य के प्रकाश का उपयोग करके बिजली उत्पन्न की जा रही है। इसमें कई सौर पैनल एक बड़े क्षेत्र में स्थापित हैं, जो सूर्य से ऊर्जा एकत्र कर रहे हैं और इसे विद्युत ऊर्जा में परिवर्तित कर रहे हैं, जिसे एक विद्युत ग्रिड (power grid) से जोड़ा गया है।
(a) Identify the type of energy generation process shown in this picture.
Answer: In this figure solar energy is converted into electrical energy. Solar energy is also called clean energy.
In simple words: The picture shows solar energy generation, where sunlight is converted into electricity, a process known as clean energy production.
🎯 Exam Tip: Solar energy conversion to electricity is either photovoltaic (direct conversion using cells) or solar thermal (heating water to make steam). This diagram implies photovoltaic panels.
(b) Name any four equipments which use this type of energy.
Answer: Solar energy is used in following equipment:
(i) Solar cooker
(ii) Solar heater
(iii) Calculator
(iv) Solar Photovoltaic cell.
In simple words: Solar energy powers devices like solar cookers, water heaters, calculators, and photovoltaic cells.
🎯 Exam Tip: Think of both direct heat applications and electricity generation applications when listing equipment that uses solar energy.
Activity Based Questions:
Question 1. Make a table: Make a table based on forms of energy and corresponding devices.
Answer:
| Forms of energy | Devices based on this type of energy |
|---|---|
| (1) Electric | Electric iron, Geyser, Heater, Oven, Refrigerator, Fans, Lights, Elevator. |
| (2) Mechanical | Sewing machine, Car, Bicycle, Different machines. |
| (3) Thermal | Chulha, Furnace, Steam engine |
| (4) Solar | Solar cooker, Solar heater. |
In simple words: Energy comes in different forms like electric, mechanical, thermal, and solar, each used by specific devices such as irons, cars, furnaces, and solar heaters.
🎯 Exam Tip: When making tables, ensure clarity of categories and concise, relevant examples for each. Use proper HTML table tags for structuring.
Question 2. Let's Think: Which electricity generation process is eco-friendly and which not?
Answer: Electricity generated through solar energy and wind energy are truly eco-friendly. Though it is said that hydroelectricity is non-polluting and eco-friendly, it is not true. Hydroelectric project cause destruction of biodiversity and displacement of the local people. Thermal energy, nuclear energy and energy obtained through natural gas are not at all eco-friendly.
In simple words: Solar and wind energy are eco-friendly, but hydroelectric projects, thermal, nuclear, and natural gas power generation are not truly eco-friendly due to their environmental impacts like pollution, habitat destruction, or waste.
🎯 Exam Tip: Define "eco-friendly" beyond just pollution; consider broader environmental and social impacts like habitat loss, displacement, and waste disposal for a comprehensive answer.
Question 3. Find out: What is lake tapping? Why it takes place?
Answer: A lake tap involves excavating a tunnel at the bottom of the lake. Dynamites are planted therein and blasted carefully. The water flows with greater force through the tunnel after such blasting is done. This increased flow of water is then driven to the hydroelectric power generation plant for increased electricity production. This technique is done to establish waterways for hydropower, for making drinking water available, for irrigation water purposes and also for the landing of oil and gas pipes from offshore fields.
In simple words: Lake tapping creates a tunnel at the bottom of a lake, often using explosives, to allow water to flow out with more force, primarily for enhanced hydroelectric power generation, but also for water supply and offshore pipeline access.
🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining a technical term like "lake tapping," describe *what* it is, *how* it's done, and *why* it's done, covering all its primary purposes.
Question 4. Get information: Get information about major wind-power stations in India and their capacity. Make a table of their location, state and their power generation capacity in MW.
Answer:
| Location | State | Power generation capacity in MW |
|---|---|---|
| Muppandal, Kanyakumari | Tamil Nadu | 7,684.31 |
| Dhule, Satara, Sangli, Dhalgaon | Maharashtra | 4,664.08 |
| Bhuj | Gujarat | 4,227.31 |
| Dangiri Wind Farm Jaisalmer Wind Park | Rajasthan | 4,123.35 |
| Jogmatti BSES | Karnataka | 3,082.45 |
| Bhopal at Nagda Hills near Dewas | Madhya Pradesh | 2,288.60 |
| Tirumala hills | Andhra Pradesh | 1,866.35 |
| Telangana | 98.70 | |
| Kanjikode in Palakkad | Kerala | 43.50 |
| Others | 4.30 | |
| Total | 28, 082.95 |
In simple words: This table lists major wind power stations across various Indian states, showing their locations and total power generation capacities in Megawatts.
🎯 Exam Tip: For data-intensive questions, ensure the table is well-structured with clear headers and accurate data points. Focus on presenting the information precisely.
Question 5. Find out: Gather information about major solar photovoltaic power generating plants and their capacity in India.
Answer: List of solar power stations:
| Name | Location | State | Capacity (MW) | Commissioned |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azure Power - Sabarkantha | Khadoda village | Gujarat | 10 | 2011 |
| Bitta Solar Power Plant (Adani Power) | Bitta, Kutch District | Gujarat | 40 | 2012 |
| Charanka Solar Park | Charanka village, Patan district | Gujarat | 221 | 2012 |
| CIAL Solar Power Project | Kochi | Kerala | 13 | 2013 |
| Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park | Pokhran | Rajasthan | 40 | 2012 |
| Green Energy Development Corporation Ltd (GEDCOL) | Manamunda | Odisha | 50 | 2014 |
| Green Infra Solar Energy Limited | Rajkot | Gujarat | 10 | 2011 |
| Kamuthi Solar Power Project | Kamuthi | Tamil Nadu | 648 | 2016 |
| Mithapur Solar Power Plant (Tata Power) | Mithapur | Gujarat | 25 | 2012 |
| Moser Baer | Patan | Gujarat | 30 | 2011 |
| Neyveli Solar Power Project | Neyveli | Tamil Nadu | 130 | 2018 |
| NTPC Limited | Kaniha | Odisha | 10 | 2014 |
| ReNew Power | Dichpally, Nizamabad | Telangana | 143 | 2017 |
| Tata Power | Patapur, Mulshi, and Osmanabad | Odisha, Maharashtra | 1 | 2011 |
| Waa Solar Power Plant (Madhav Power) | Surendranagar | Gujarat | 10 | 2011 |
| Welspun Energy Rajasthan Solar Project | Phalodhi | Rajasthan | 50 | 2013 |
In simple words: This table provides a list of significant solar power plants in India, detailing their locations, states, power capacities in MW, and commissioning years.
🎯 Exam Tip: When presenting information in a table, ensure all columns are clearly labeled and the data is organized consistently for easy readability.
Project:
Project 1. Let's Discuss: Gather information about solar light, solar water heating system and solar cooker.
In simple words: This project asks students to research and collect information on various solar technologies like solar lights, water heaters, and cookers.
🎯 Exam Tip: For project-based questions, outline the scope of research and the types of information to be gathered, such as working principles, applications, and environmental benefits of each solar technology.
Project 2. Compare: Observe the schematic of thermal power plant and the nuclear power plant. Discuss what are the similarities and differences between the two.
In simple words: This project requires comparing thermal and nuclear power plants, identifying their shared characteristics and distinguishing features in terms of operation and energy source.
🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing, create two columns or sections for similarities and differences. Focus on energy source, heat generation method, fuel type, waste products, and environmental impact for a comprehensive analysis.
Project 3.
Use of ICT: (Text Book Page No. 49)
Prepare a presentation about thermal power plant using computerized presentation, animation, video, pictures, etc. Send it to others and upload on YouTube.
Project 4.
Internet is my friend: (Text Book Page No. 51)
Complete the following table for some important nuclear power plants in India.
MSBSHSE Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy
Students can now access the MSBSHSE Solutions for Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy prepared by teachers on our website. These solutions cover all questions in exercise in your Class 10 Science textbook. Each answer is updated based on the current academic session as per the latest MSBSHSE syllabus.
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Our expert teachers have provided step-by-step explanations for all the difficult questions in the Class 10 Science chapter. Along with the final answers, we have also explained the concept behind it to help you build stronger understanding of each topic. This will be really helpful for Class 10 students who want to understand both theoretical and practical questions. By studying these MSBSHSE Questions and Answers your basic concepts will improve a lot.
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FAQs
The complete and updated Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy Solutions is available for free on StudiesToday.com. These solutions for Class 10 Science are as per latest MSBSHSE curriculum.
Yes, our experts have revised the Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy Solutions as per 2026 exam pattern. All textbook exercises have been solved and have added explanation about how the Science concepts are applied in case-study and assertion-reasoning questions.
Toppers recommend using MSBSHSE language because MSBSHSE marking schemes are strictly based on textbook definitions. Our Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Towards Green Energy Solutions will help students to get full marks in the theory paper.
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