Maharashtra Board Class 10 Political Science Chapter 4 Social and Political Movements Solutions

Std 10 Political Science Chapter 4 Question Answer Social And Political Movements Maharashtra Board

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Social And Political Movements

Political Science Class 10 Chapter 4 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Question 1. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences.
(1) ................................. is the main demand of farmers movement.
(a) Right to cultivate on the forest land
(b) To get the right price for agricultural product
(c) Protection of consumers
(d) Building of dams
Answer: (b) To get the right price for agricultural products
In simple words: The primary goal of the farmers' movement is to ensure that agricultural products are sold at a fair and profitable price, supporting the livelihood of farmers.
In simple words: The primary goal of the farmers' movement is to ensure that agricultural products are sold at a fair and profitable price, supporting the livelihood of farmers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the core demands of social movements is crucial for scoring well. Focus on the underlying economic or social issues.

 

(2) To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with regard to food grains ................................. was initiated.
(a) Water revolution
(b) Green revolution
(c) Industrial revolution
(d) White revolution
Answer: (b) Green revolution
In simple words: The Green Revolution was an initiative focused on improving agricultural practices to significantly increase food grain production, aiming for national self-sufficiency in food supply.
In simple words: The Green Revolution was an initiative focused on improving agricultural practices to significantly increase food grain production, aiming for national self-sufficiency in food supply.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the key historical movements and their objectives, especially those related to economic development like the Green Revolution.

 

Question 2. Explain the concepts.
(1) Tribal movement
Answer:

• Tribal community was always dependent on forest wealth for their living.
• The British had prohibited the tribals from making use of forest wealth to earn their livelihood
• Kolam, Gond, Santhal, Koli, Bhilla, Munda Tribals of different parts of India revolted against the British.
• Even after independence their problem to earn a livelihood is not solved. Their right on the forest land, to gather forest products and to cultivate on forest land is not yet recognised.

Therefore, for these demands, Tribal Movement is active in many parts.
In simple words: The Tribal Movement arose from indigenous communities' dependence on forests and their struggle against British restrictions, which continued even post-independence, seeking recognition of their rights to forest land and livelihood.
In simple words: The Tribal Movement arose from indigenous communities' dependence on forests and their struggle against British restrictions, which continued even post-independence, seeking recognition of their rights to forest land and livelihood.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining concepts, define them clearly and then provide key characteristics or historical context.

 

(2) Labour movement
Answer:

• Industries in public and private sector like textile mills, railway companies started in India in the latter part of the nineteenth century.
• Due to industrialisation, a large number' of labour force came into existence.
• This led to lot of labour issues. In 1920, All India Trade Union Congress was established to solve their problems.
• Many unions were formed after independence. The Trade Union Movement was very effective from 1960 till 1980s.
• After 1980s trade union movement lost its momentum and slowly disintegrated. Globalization gave a final blow to the movement.

In simple words: The Labour Movement emerged with industrialization in India to address worker exploitation and issues, leading to the formation of trade unions like AITUC, but it saw a decline after the 1980s due to factors like globalization.
In simple words: The Labour Movement emerged with industrialization in India to address worker exploitation and issues, leading to the formation of trade unions like AITUC, but it saw a decline after the 1980s due to factors like globalization.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trace the evolution of movements, noting their peak periods and factors contributing to their rise or decline.

 

Question 3. Answer the following questions in brief.
(1) Explain the activities/role/functions of environmental movement.
Answer:
(i) Role: The environment movement has played a key role in -

• Creating public awareness about the importance of balance in environment through television, newspapers, and other mediums.
• Opposing developmental projects with environmental concerns.

(ii) Functions: The function of the environment movement is to make efforts silently or rigorously to protect natural areas through afforestation, recycling or pollution control. Forest department and the pollution board are actively involved and extend support by making stringent laws to book the culprits.
(iii) Activities: Different activities are conducted to promote the environment movement:

• Environmental degradation has become a serious issue not only in India but also in the world.
• The issues of degradation was discussed at Rio-de-Janeiro, Paris and Kyoto Conferences.
• Even in India many movements are active for conservation of the environment like the Chipko movement, Appiko movement and Vanmahatsov.

In simple words: The environmental movement works to protect nature by raising public awareness, opposing harmful development, and actively promoting conservation through efforts like afforestation, recycling, and advocating for strict environmental laws. It has addressed global degradation and initiated movements like Chipko in India.
In simple words: The environmental movement works to protect nature by raising public awareness, opposing harmful development, and actively promoting conservation through efforts like afforestation, recycling, and advocating for strict environmental laws. It has addressed global degradation and initiated movements like Chipko in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Break down complex topics into roles, functions, and activities for a comprehensive answer. Provide relevant examples to strengthen your points.

 

(2) Explain the nature of farmers movement in India.
Answer:

1. The Indian farmers organised themselves in pre-independence era to fight against the anti-agricultural policies of the colonial British rulers.
2. The farmers were inspired by the thoughts of Mahatma Phule, Justice Ranade and Mahatma Gandhi. They organised satyagraha against revenue collection in Bardoli and Champaranya.
3. Farmers' movement slowed down because of tenancy laws under land reforms. Green revolution failed to improve conditions of the poor farmers.
4. Farmers' movement gained momentum with demands like, appropriate price for agricultural products, debt relief and debt cancellation after recommendations from Swaminathan Commission.

In simple words: Farmers' movements in India have historically challenged anti-agricultural policies, inspired by leaders like Gandhi, initially focusing on revenue issues and later on fair prices, debt relief, and better implementation of reforms like those suggested by the Swaminathan Commission.
In simple words: Farmers' movements in India have historically challenged anti-agricultural policies, inspired by leaders like Gandhi, initially focusing on revenue issues and later on fair prices, debt relief, and better implementation of reforms like those suggested by the Swaminathan Commission.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the 'nature' of a movement, include its historical context, key leaders/inspirations, major demands, and evolution over time.

 

(3) For which reforms were the women's movement in the pre-independence period fighting?
Answer:
In the pre-independence period women's movement were working for the following reforms :

• Eliminating injustice against women.
• To put an end to the exploitation of women and help them lead a respectful and dignified life.
• They should be able to participate actively in social life.
• To end the practices like Sati, child marriage, polygamy and bring about reforms such as widow remarriage and women's education.

In simple words: In the pre-independence era, the women's movement primarily fought for social reforms to end injustice, exploitation, and restrictive practices like Sati and child marriage, aiming to promote women's dignity, active social participation, and education.
In simple words: In the pre-independence era, the women's movement primarily fought for social reforms to end injustice, exploitation, and restrictive practices like Sati and child marriage, aiming to promote women's dignity, active social participation, and education.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be specific about the demands and the historical context for each movement, as these vary across different periods.

 

Question 4. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer.
(1) Movements are important in a democracy.
Answer:
The above statement is True.

• People organise themselves and start a movement to solve social issues.
• Leaders and activists provide all the information regarding those issues to the government.
• The government takes, notice of the problems because of the movement.
• Some movements aim at opposing some policies of the government and certain decisions. This is the most recognised method of protest in democracy.

Hence, movements have great importance in democracy
In simple words: Movements are crucial in a democracy as they allow citizens to organise and bring social issues to the government's attention, influencing policy-making and acting as a recognised form of democratic protest to ensure accountability.
In simple words: Movements are crucial in a democracy as they allow citizens to organise and bring social issues to the government's attention, influencing policy-making and acting as a recognised form of democratic protest to ensure accountability.

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying True/False statements, provide multiple distinct reasons, illustrating how the statement aligns with democratic principles or societal functions.

 

(2) Movements do not need a strong leadership.
Answer:
The above statement is False.

• The success of any movement depends on leadership. The movement remains active because of the strong leader.
• The decisions regarding the objective of the movement, programme of action, strategy of agitation are decided and taken by the leader.
• Firm leadership has a wide reach. They can get public support making the movement very effective. So, the need of a strong leadership is utmost essential.

In simple words: This statement is false because strong leadership is vital for the success and effectiveness of any movement, as leaders define objectives, strategies, and mobilise public support, ensuring the movement remains active and impactful.
In simple words: This statement is false because strong leadership is vital for the success and effectiveness of any movement, as leaders define objectives, strategies, and mobilise public support, ensuring the movement remains active and impactful.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating statements, always provide a clear True/False judgment followed by well-reasoned points that support your conclusion.

 

(3) Consumer movement came into existence.
Answer:
The above statement is True.

• The consumers faced different problems because of changing economy and social system.
• Adulteration increased the cost of products and faulty weights and measures are some of the problems faced by the consumers.
• To protect the consumers from such frauds the Consumer Protection Act was passed in 1986.
• The Consumer Protection movement was started to create awareness among the consumers about their rights and their safety.

In simple words: The consumer movement emerged as a response to various problems like adulteration, unfair pricing, and faulty measurements in a changing economy, leading to the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act in 1986 to safeguard consumer rights and safety.
In simple words: The consumer movement emerged as a response to various problems like adulteration, unfair pricing, and faulty measurements in a changing economy, leading to the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act in 1986 to safeguard consumer rights and safety.

🎯 Exam Tip: For movements, focus on the 'why' - what societal problems or needs led to their emergence and what key legislative actions resulted.

 

Project
(1) Collect the news in the newspapers about various activities of social movements.
(2) Write a report on movements in your area which are working to resolve general problems.
(3) Prepare a format of a complaint you will submit under consumer protection act if you are cheated in purchase of vegetables or grains
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'सामाजिक और राजनीतिक आंदोलनों' के एक स्मृति मानचित्र (Memory Map) को दर्शाता है। यह मानचित्र विभिन्न प्रकार के आंदोलनों- आदिवासी, किसान, ट्रेड यूनियन, महिला, पर्यावरण और उपभोक्ता आंदोलन - को उनकी विशेषताओं, उद्देश्यों, मांगों और सामने आई चुनौतियों के साथ वर्गीकृत करता है। यह प्रत्येक आंदोलन के मुख्य घटकों और उनके अंतर्संबंधों को एक प्रवाह-चित्र के रूप में प्रस्तुत करता है।
In simple words: This project asks students to engage with real-world social movements by collecting news, reporting on local movements, and preparing a consumer complaint, encouraging practical application of civic knowledge.
In simple words: This project asks students to engage with real-world social movements by collecting news, reporting on local movements, and preparing a consumer complaint, encouraging practical application of civic knowledge.

🎯 Exam Tip: Project-based questions assess your ability to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations and engage in critical thinking and research.

 

Question 5. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences :
(a) In ................................., movements have more importance.
(a) socialist rule
(b) dictatorship
(c) democracy
(d) communist rule
Answer: (c) democracy
In simple words: Movements hold greater importance in a democracy because they provide a legitimate platform for citizens to express grievances, participate in governance, and influence policy decisions.
In simple words: Movements hold greater importance in a democracy because they provide a legitimate platform for citizens to express grievances, participate in governance, and influence policy decisions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the fundamental principles of different political systems to correctly identify where public movements play a significant role.

 

(b) In democracy, Right to ................................. is considered an important right.
(a) rehabilitate
(b) pursue questions
(c) behave with control and responsibility
(d) protest
Answer: (d) protest
In simple words: In a democracy, the right to protest is a fundamental liberty that allows citizens to publicly express dissent or advocate for change, making it a crucial component of civic participation.
In simple words: In a democracy, the right to protest is a fundamental liberty that allows citizens to publicly express dissent or advocate for change, making it a crucial component of civic participation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the core rights guaranteed in a democratic system, particularly those related to freedom of expression and public assembly.

 

(c) ................................. is the objective of Green Revolution.
(a) To stop degradation of environment
(b) Protection of the forests
(c) Increase in agricultural output
(d) To stop the felling of trees.
Answer: (c) Increase in agricultural output.
In simple words: The primary goal of the Green Revolution was to significantly boost agricultural output, especially food grains, to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.
In simple words: The primary goal of the Green Revolution was to significantly boost agricultural output, especially food grains, to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the objectives of different historical movements to avoid confusion.

 

(d) The trade union movement in India has background of ................................. .
(a) freedom struggle
(b) globalisation
(c) prestigious past
(d) industrialisation
Answer: (d) industrialisation
In simple words: The trade union movement in India originated and developed primarily as a direct consequence of industrialization, which created a large workforce facing common issues needing organised representation.
In simple words: The trade union movement in India originated and developed primarily as a direct consequence of industrialization, which created a large workforce facing common issues needing organised representation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect social movements to their historical and economic catalysts for a better understanding.

 

(e) In 1899, ................................. workers called for a strike.
(a) railway
(b) mill
(c) handloom
(d) rice mill
Answer: (a) railway
In simple words: In 1899, railway workers initiated a strike, marking a significant early instance of organised labour action in India.
In simple words: In 1899, railway workers initiated a strike, marking a significant early instance of organised labour action in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific dates and associated events can be important for chronological understanding and factual recall.

 

(f) Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana had brought about ................................. in Rajasthan.
(a) White Revolution
(b) Water Revolution
(c) Green Revolution
(d) Consumer Revolution
Answer: (b) Water Revolution
In simple words: Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana is credited with bringing about a 'Water Revolution' in Rajasthan through his extensive work in water conservation and revival of traditional water harvesting systems.
In simple words: Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana is credited with bringing about a 'Water Revolution' in Rajasthan through his extensive work in water conservation and revival of traditional water harvesting systems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate key figures with their significant contributions or movements.

 

(g) Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana is known as the ................................. of India.
(a) Farmer man
(b) environment affectionate
(c) Man of the Millennium
(d) Waterman
Answer: (d) Waterman
In simple words: Due to his remarkable work in water conservation and reviving rivers, Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana is popularly known as the "Waterman of India."
In simple words: Due to his remarkable work in water conservation and reviving rivers, Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana is popularly known as the "Waterman of India."

🎯 Exam Tip: Nicknames or honorary titles given to prominent personalities reflect their major achievements and are often tested.

 

(h) Tribals in Bihar revolted against the British under the leadership of ................................. .
(a) Rajendrasinh Rana
(b) Birsa Munda
(c) Umaji Naik
(d) Kajarsingh
Answer: (b) Birsa Munda.
In simple words: Birsa Munda led the tribal revolt against the British in Bihar, emerging as a significant figure in the indigenous resistance movements during colonial rule.
In simple words: Birsa Munda led the tribal revolt against the British in Bihar, emerging as a significant figure in the indigenous resistance movements during colonial rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific leaders and the regions or communities they represented during revolts against colonial rule.

 

(i) Swadeshi movement is an important ................................. movement.
(a) political
(b) social
(c) economic
(d) cultural
Answer: (c) economic
In simple words: The Swadeshi movement was an important economic movement that encouraged the use of indigenous products and boycott of foreign goods, aiming to promote national industries and self-reliance.
In simple words: The Swadeshi movement was an important economic movement that encouraged the use of indigenous products and boycott of foreign goods, aiming to promote national industries and self-reliance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the multi-faceted nature of movements; while they might have political aims, their primary focus can be economic, social, or cultural.

 

(j) ................................. is one of the problems faced by consumers.
(a) Cancellation
(b) Malnutrition
(c) Adulteration
(d) Transportation
Answer: (c) Adulteration
In simple words: Adulteration, the act of debasing a product by adding inferior or foreign substances, is a common and serious problem faced by consumers, affecting their health and value for money.
In simple words: Adulteration, the act of debasing a product by adding inferior or foreign substances, is a common and serious problem faced by consumers, affecting their health and value for money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify common issues that led to the formation of specific movements, such as consumer problems leading to consumer protection.

 

(k) The main demand of the farmer's movement was to accept suggestions of the ................................. Commission.
(a) Sunderlal Bahuguna
(b) Verghese Kurien
(c) Swaminathan
(d) Kothari
Answer: (c) Swaminathan
In simple words: A key demand of the farmer's movement in India has been the implementation of recommendations made by the Swaminathan Commission, particularly regarding minimum support prices for agricultural produce.
In simple words: A key demand of the farmer's movement in India has been the implementation of recommendations made by the Swaminathan Commission, particularly regarding minimum support prices for agricultural produce.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the names of important commissions or committees whose recommendations influenced social or economic movements.

 

(l) In 1986, ................................. Act came into force.
(a) Consumer Protection
(b) Women Empowerment
(c) Child Marriage
(d) Environment Protection
Answer: (a) Consumer Protection
In simple words: The Consumer Protection Act, enacted in 1986, was a landmark legislation designed to safeguard the rights and interests of consumers against unfair trade practices and exploitation.
In simple words: The Consumer Protection Act, enacted in 1986, was a landmark legislation designed to safeguard the rights and interests of consumers against unfair trade practices and exploitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important acts and their enactment years are significant historical facts that often appear in exams.

 

(m) The post-1980 movements are called ................................. .
(a) New
(b) Neo-social
(c) Broad
(d) Globalisation
Answer: (b) Neo-social
In simple words: Movements that emerged after the 1980s, often focusing on new issues like environment, identity, or human rights beyond traditional class struggles, are typically termed 'neo-social movements'.
In simple words: Movements that emerged after the 1980s, often focusing on new issues like environment, identity, or human rights beyond traditional class struggles, are typically termed 'neo-social movements'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the classifications and terminologies used to describe different phases or types of social movements.

 

(n) ................................. was established in 1920.
(a) Farmer's Organization
(b) Bhartiya Kisan Union
(c) All India Trade Union Congress
(d) All India Kisan Sabha
Answer: (d) All India Trade Union Congress.
In simple words: The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was founded in 1920, marking a significant milestone in the organised labour movement in India, providing a unified platform for workers' rights.
In simple words: The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was founded in 1920, marking a significant milestone in the organised labour movement in India, providing a unified platform for workers' rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the founding dates of important national organisations, especially those related to social or political movements.

 

Question 6. Explain the following statements by giving reasons :
(a) Political parties can concentrate on one particular issue.
Answer:
The above statement is False.

• Political parties contest elections to solve problems of common people.
• Parties have to take into consideration all matters from public cleanliness to roads to space research. They have to have a national perspective and take decisions.
• Political parties should have programmes for the development of all the sections of society like youth, senior citizens, businessmen, women, farmers and labourers.
• This - means that political parties cannot concentrate on just one particular issue.

In simple words: This statement is false because political parties must address a wide range of issues affecting all sections of society, from local concerns to national policies, to appeal to a broad electorate and govern effectively, unlike focused social movements.
In simple words: This statement is false because political parties must address a wide range of issues affecting all sections of society, from local concerns to national policies, to appeal to a broad electorate and govern effectively, unlike focused social movements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the broader scope of political parties and the more specific focus of social movements when answering such questions.

 

(b) People's active participation is expected in the movement.
Answer:
The above statement is True.

• A movement is started to solve issues of public interest.
• People offer support to the movements which are related to their cause or a particular issue.
• Deciding upon the issues of the people a programme is decided and a group is formed.

In simple words: This statement is true because movements are inherently collective actions aimed at addressing public issues, and their success heavily relies on widespread active participation and support from individuals who connect with the cause.
In simple words: This statement is true because movements are inherently collective actions aimed at addressing public issues, and their success heavily relies on widespread active participation and support from individuals who connect with the cause.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasise the collective nature of movements and how public engagement directly contributes to their legitimacy and impact.

 

(c) Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana is called the Waterman of India.
Answer:
The above statement is True.

• Dr. Rajendrashinh Rana built thousands of 'Johads' in Rajasthan.
• He revived many rivers in the desert region of Rajasthan.
• He formed an organisation - "Tarun Bharat Sangh" which built eleven thousand Johads to harvest water.
• He started a campaign for Water conservation, revival of rivers, forest conservation and wildlife conservation.
• He worked continuously for this cause for 31 years building 11 thousand johads bringing about water revolution in Rajasthan. Therefore, is called the Waterman of India.

In simple words: This statement is true because Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana earned the title "Waterman of India" for his extensive efforts over 31 years, building thousands of 'Johads' and reviving rivers in Rajasthan through his organisation, Tarun Bharat Sangh, leading to a significant water revolution.
In simple words: This statement is true because Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana earned the title "Waterman of India" for his extensive efforts over 31 years, building thousands of 'Johads' and reviving rivers in Rajasthan through his organisation, Tarun Bharat Sangh, leading to a significant water revolution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Support statements about prominent figures with specific examples of their work, achievements, and the impact they made.

 

Question 7. Explain the concept :
(a) Movement:
Answer:

1. When people organise themselves to resolve a certain issue it is called a movement.
2. Movements increase the participation of people in social life.
3. Movements are for public welfare and to solve issues. The aim of any movement is not only to pressurize the government but also to oppose its decision or policies.
4. A movement is started for different reasons like religious, social, cultural, protection of the environment, ill practices and traditions.

In simple words: A movement is an organised collective effort by people to address a specific issue of public concern, aiming to promote welfare, influence government decisions, or oppose policies, thereby increasing public participation in social life.
In simple words: A movement is an organised collective effort by people to address a specific issue of public concern, aiming to promote welfare, influence government decisions, or oppose policies, thereby increasing public participation in social life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define key terms comprehensively, outlining their characteristics, purposes, and the various motivations behind them.

 

(b) Public Interest Litigation:
Answer:

1. A litigation is filed if an individual or group feels that fundamental rights which are enshrined in the Constitution are undermined by the government.
2. To safeguard human rights, citizens can file a litigation in High Court or Supreme Court. Such a litigation is known as Public Interest Litigation.
3. Public Interest Litigation is filed for problems such as pollution, government avoiding public works and for social problems such as violence, discrimination and ostracising someone.
4. It is the most effective way of seeking justice.

In simple words: Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal mechanism allowing citizens or groups to file cases in High or Supreme Courts to protect fundamental human rights when they are violated or when public welfare issues like pollution or discrimination are ignored by the government. It serves as a powerful tool for seeking justice.
In simple words: Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal mechanism allowing citizens or groups to file cases in High or Supreme Courts to protect fundamental human rights when they are violated or when public welfare issues like pollution or discrimination are ignored by the government. It serves as a powerful tool for seeking justice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain legal concepts by describing their purpose, who can initiate them, and the types of issues they address, highlighting their significance.

 

(c) Environment Movement :
Answer:

• Different activities are conducted to promote the environment movement in India.
• Environment degradation has become a serious issue not only in India but also all over the world.
• The issues of degradation were discussed at Rio-de-Janeiro, Paris and Kyoto Conferences.
• Even in India many movements are active for conservation of the environment like the Chipko movement, Appiko movement and Vanmahatsov.

In simple words: The Environment Movement addresses global and national environmental degradation, promoting conservation through awareness campaigns and actions like the Chipko and Appiko movements, with degradation issues often discussed at international forums like Rio-de-Janeiro and Kyoto.
In simple words: The Environment Movement addresses global and national environmental degradation, promoting conservation through awareness campaigns and actions like the Chipko and Appiko movements, with degradation issues often discussed at international forums like Rio-de-Janeiro and Kyoto.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing movements, include both their local manifestations and their connection to broader national or international concerns and initiatives.

 

Question 8. (A) Complete the graphical representation :
(1)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'स्वतंत्रता-पूर्व आदिवासी आंदोलनों' को दर्शाने वाला एक अधूरा प्रवाह-चित्र है। इसमें बिहार, छोटा नागपुर, महाराष्ट्र और ओडिशा जैसे क्षेत्रों को दर्शाया गया है, जिनके साथ खाली स्थान हैं जिन्हें संबंधित आदिवासी समूहों के नामों से भरना है।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'स्वतंत्रता-पूर्व आदिवासी आंदोलनों' के पूर्ण प्रवाह-चित्र को दर्शाता है। इसमें विभिन्न क्षेत्रों के आदिवासी आंदोलनों को सूचीबद्ध किया गया है: बिहार (संथाल, मुंडा), छोटा नागपुर (कोलम), महाराष्ट्र (कोळी, भिल्ल और रामोशी), और ओडिशा (गोंड)।
In simple words: This graphical representation maps out the various tribal movements in different regions of India during the pre-independence era, identifying specific tribal communities associated with each region.
In simple words: This graphical representation maps out the various tribal movements in different regions of India during the pre-independence era, identifying specific tribal communities associated with each region.

🎯 Exam Tip: For graphical representations, fill in the blanks accurately by recalling the relevant facts and relationships between concepts.

 

(2)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'किसान आंदोलन की मांगों' को दर्शाता एक अधूरा प्रवाह-चित्र है। इसमें 'कृषि के लिए राष्ट्रीय नीति' और 'किसान आंदोलन की मांगों' के मुख्य शीर्षकों के तहत खाली स्थान दिए गए हैं जिन्हें विशिष्ट मांगों से भरना है।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'किसान आंदोलन की मांगों' का पूर्ण प्रवाह-चित्र प्रस्तुत करता है। इसमें कृषि के लिए राष्ट्रीय नीति, कृषि उत्पादों के लिए उचित मूल्य, कृषि को उद्योग का दर्जा, स्वामीनाथन आयोग की सिफारिशों को स्वीकार करना, और ऋण राहत व ऋण माफी पर नीति निर्धारण जैसी प्रमुख मांगें शामिल हैं।
In simple words: This graphical representation details the key demands of the farmers' movement, including a national agriculture policy, fair prices for crops, industry status for agriculture, acceptance of the Swaminathan Commission's recommendations, and policies for debt relief and cancellation.
In simple words: This graphical representation details the key demands of the farmers' movement, including a national agriculture policy, fair prices for crops, industry status for agriculture, acceptance of the Swaminathan Commission's recommendations, and policies for debt relief and cancellation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on understanding the logical flow and connections within such diagrams to fill them correctly.

 

(3)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'पर्यावरण आंदोलनों द्वारा उठाए गए मुद्दों' को दर्शाता एक अधूरा प्रवाह-चित्र है। इसमें 'जैव-विविधता का संरक्षण' और 'रसायनों का उपयोग' के मुख्य शीर्षकों के तहत खाली स्थान दिए गए हैं जिन्हें विशिष्ट पर्यावरणीय मुद्दों से भरना है।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'पर्यावरण आंदोलनों द्वारा उठाए गए मुद्दों' का पूर्ण प्रवाह-चित्र है। इसमें जैव-विविधता का संरक्षण (पानी के विभिन्न स्रोतों और जंगलों की सुरक्षा), हरित पट्टी, नदियों का प्रदूषण और रसायनों का उपयोग जैसे प्रमुख मुद्दे शामिल हैं।
In simple words: This graphical representation outlines the major issues championed by environmental movements, covering biodiversity protection (preserving water sources and forests), promotion of green belts, addressing river pollution, and regulating the use of chemicals.
In simple words: This graphical representation outlines the major issues championed by environmental movements, covering biodiversity protection (preserving water sources and forests), promotion of green belts, addressing river pollution, and regulating the use of chemicals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure your diagram explanation covers all branches and sub-points represented in the completed graphic.

 

(4)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'डॉ. राजेंद्रसिंह राणा के कार्य' को दर्शाता एक अधूरा प्रवाह-चित्र है। इसमें 'डॉ. राजेंद्रसिंह राणा का कार्य' के मुख्य शीर्षक के तहत खाली स्थान दिए गए हैं जिन्हें उनके योगदानों से भरना है।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'डॉ. राजेंद्रसिंह राणा के कार्यों' का पूर्ण प्रवाह-चित्र है। इसमें उनके द्वारा किए गए जल संरक्षण (जोहड़ों के माध्यम से), नदियों का पुनरुद्धार, वन संरक्षण और वन्यजीव संरक्षण जैसे प्रमुख योगदान दर्शाए गए हैं।
In simple words: This graphical representation illustrates the significant contributions of Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana, highlighting his work in water conservation through 'Johads', revival of rivers, and efforts in forest and wildlife conservation.
In simple words: This graphical representation illustrates the significant contributions of Dr. Rajendrasinh Rana, highlighting his work in water conservation through 'Johads', revival of rivers, and efforts in forest and wildlife conservation.

🎯 Exam Tip: For diagrams about individuals, clearly link their name to their specific projects and areas of impact.

 

(B) Explain the events in Trade Union Movement:

 

Question 9. Answer the following questions in brief:
(a) Explain the features of a movement.
Answer:
• A movement is a collective action which has active participation or support of the people.
• People take up a particular issue and organise themselves.
• A movement requires strong leadership. A strong leader makes the movement effective.
• If people feel connected to the issue, then they extend their support to the movement.
In simple words: A movement is a collective, organized effort by people who share a common goal or issue, often led by strong leadership to gain public support and bring about change.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the key characteristics like collective action, shared goals, leadership, and public participation for a complete answer.

 

(b) What are the demands of Trade Union Movement?
Answer:
The Trade Uniin Movement makes demands regarding following issues :
• Contract labour and unstable employment.
• financial insecurity and unfavourable conditions at workplace.
• Unlimited working hours and health hazards.
• No protection of labour laws.
In simple words: Trade Union Movements typically demand better working conditions, stable employment, fair wages, reasonable working hours, and the protection of labour laws for workers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the core issues that often drive labour movements, such as job security, fair pay, and safe working environments.

 

(c) How did the objectives of women's movement change after independence?
Answer:
1. In the pre-independence era the aim of the women's movement was to put an end to the unjust practices against women and end their exploitation.
2. After independence, the aim of their movement changed because they realised that though the Constitution had given equal rights both to men and women in practice they were never considered equal.
3. The objective of the women's movement was to achieve freedom in real sense, i.e. they should be treated as human beings and should get equal rights and to live a dignified life.
In simple words: Before independence, women's movements focused on ending exploitation; after independence, the focus shifted to achieving actual equality and dignified life as human beings, beyond constitutional rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the pre-independence focus (ending unjust practices) and post-independence focus (achieving true equality and dignity) for women's movements.

 

(d) Which issues were taken up by the women's movement after independence?
Answer:
Many issues were taken up by the women's movement for welfare of the women after independence. Some are:
• Health and education of women
• financial independence
• Social security
• To be treated as human beings and have a status and prestige.
In simple words: After independence, women's movements focused on issues like health, education, financial independence, social security, and achieving equal status and dignity for women.

🎯 Exam Tip: List key areas of welfare and rights that became central to women's movements in post-independence India.

 

(e) Which issues are handled through movements?
Answer:
Movements arise out of public issues, which could be social, political, economic and religious.
1. To protect the rights of the citizens like voting, freedom and for similar issues, political movements are organised.
2. financial security, minimum wages, employment, insistence on an indigenous product are the reasons for economic movement.
3. Social and religious movements are organized to eliminate ill practices like untouchability, entry of women in temples,' discrimination and social issues.
4. Movements are organised to raise voice against injustice done to a particular region, language and for issues like cleanliness, environment and movements for development like Green revolution and White revolution.
In simple words: Movements address a broad spectrum of public issues including social, political, economic, and religious concerns, aiming to protect rights, ensure financial security, eliminate ill practices, and advocate for regional or environmental development.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the types of issues handled by movements, provide examples for political (rights), economic (wages), social/religious (untouchability), and environmental (cleanliness) categories.

 

(f) Which movements started in India are actively working for rehabilitation of the displaced and to secure their livelihood?
Answer:
People who got displaced started this movement for different reasons. Some movements lasted for short time while some lasted long.
• "Narmada Bachao Andolan" was a popular movement.
• People living in Maharashtra and Gujarat continued it for 28 years.
• People in the Sindhudurg district who got displaced due to the Talamba dam started movement for rehabilitation. It lasted for 32 years.
• Farmers who got displaced because of Pune-Nagpur highway or for the planned Purandar airport launched movements on a large scale. Such movements are going on all over India.
In simple words: Several movements in India, like the Narmada Bachao Andolan and local protests against dam or infrastructure projects, actively work for the rehabilitation and livelihood security of displaced people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Cite specific examples like Narmada Bachao Andolan to illustrate movements focused on rehabilitation and livelihood for displaced communities.

 

(g) Name the policies started by the government for the welfare of farmers and landless labourers?
Answer:
The government has started the following policies for the welfare of the farmers and landless labourers :
• National agriculture policy
• Crop insurance scheme (FASAL Bima Yojana)
• Jalyukt Shivar
• Indira Gandhi Niradhar (old), landless, destitute women farm labour scheme.
• Neem Coated Urea.
• Name the policies started by the government for the welfare of farmers and landless labourers.
In simple words: The government has introduced various policies for farmers and landless labourers, including a national agriculture policy, crop insurance, water conservation projects (Jalyukt Shivar), support schemes for vulnerable women, and agricultural inputs like Neem Coated Urea.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to name both general policies (National agriculture policy) and specific schemes (FASAL Bima Yojana, Jalyukt Shivar, Neem Coated Urea) when listing government welfare initiatives for farmers.

 

(h) Name the movements started by Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Phule, Sant Gadge Maharaj and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.
Answer:
• Mahatma Phule laid the foundation of the movement for education of women and social equality.
• To stop the practice of widow tonsure he called for a strike of barbers in Mumbai.
• Mahatma Gandhi adopted the technique of satyagraha and started the movement for farmers in Champaranya and Kheda.
• He also started the Non-cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Sant Gadge Maharaj started the cleanliness campaign.
• Dr. Babashaeb Ambedkar launched satyagraha to allow untouchables to use water from a public tank in Mahad.
• He also led the movement in Nashik for Dalits so that they could get entry into the Kalaram temple.
In simple words: This answer details significant movements led by prominent Indian figures: Mahatma Phule for women's education and social equality, Mahatma Gandhi for farmers' rights and non-cooperation, Sant Gadge Maharaj for cleanliness, and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar for Dalit rights and access to public resources.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering about contributions of multiple leaders, clearly associate each movement or initiative with its respective leader to ensure accuracy and comprehensive coverage.

 

(i) All movements have ideologies. (Discuss : Textbook page 92)
Answer:
• Even though movements are launched for social welfare there is always an ideology behind every movement.
• The scope of movements against child marriage or dowry prohibition is not limited to oppose the social evil practice but have wider aim of social reformation.
• The movements started against female foeticide 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhav', violence against women and to empower women had objectives to achieve equal social status for women and their protection.
• Movements like cleanliness campaign, Chipko Andolan, Save Trees aim not only at environment protection but also aim at saving humanity.
• These movements have faith in democratic values like equality and brotherhood and humanity. This shows all movements have ideologies.
• Generally the movements are devoted to one particular issue but have an ideology behind them.
• For example movements against child marriage, dowry believe in values of democracy, women empowerment and social equality.
• Sometimes some movements gradually get transformed into political parties.
In simple words: All social movements are underpinned by specific ideologies that drive their objectives beyond immediate issues, aiming for broader societal reformation, equality, protection, or environmental well-being, often rooted in democratic values and sometimes evolving into political parties.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that ideologies provide the guiding principles and long-term vision for movements, extending their impact beyond initial goals and often reflecting core democratic values.

 

Question 10. Give your opinion :
(a) Do you think, if all the movements co-ordinate with each other, the result will be more effective?
Answer:
• Our society has witnessed many movements from pre-independence times.
• If all these movements co-ordinate with each other they will be definitely, effective.
• With each other's cooperation they can work together to find the root cause of the problem and also find a solution.
• The manpower will not get divided. The work will get divided and that would save time and energy to a great extent.
• The movement will be more effective.
In simple words: Yes, movements coordinating with each other would be more effective by pooling resources, sharing knowledge to address root causes, avoiding duplication of effort, and ultimately amplifying their impact on societal change.

🎯 Exam Tip: When expressing an opinion, support it with logical reasons such as resource optimization, shared problem-solving, and enhanced collective impact.

 

(a) On which issues does the 'Sons of the Soil' movement in India insist? (Discuss : Textbook page 93)
Answer:
People migrate for various reasons within the country. They create lot of problems in their newly adopted homeland which give rise to the 'Sons of the Soil' movement. The main reasons for the movement are :
• Sons of the Soil, i.e. local people lose out on employment opportunities.
• They are deprived of their jobs.
• Their land is confiscated.
• Housing becomes expensive.
• The migrants pose a threat to the language and culture of local people.
• Sons of the Soil lose economic monopoly as well as political influence.
In simple words: 'Sons of the Soil' movements primarily insist on protecting the rights and opportunities of local residents, especially regarding employment, land ownership, affordable housing, and preserving local language and culture, which they feel are threatened by migration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on economic and social issues like job displacement, land rights, housing affordability, and cultural preservation as key demands of 'Sons of the Soil' movements, highlighting the perceived threats from migrants.

10th Std Political Science Questions And Answers

• Chapter 1 Working of the Constitution Class 10 Political Science Questions And Answers
• Chapter 2 The Electoral Process Class 10 Political Science Questions And Answers
• Chapter 3 Political Parties Class 10 Political Science Questions And Answers
• Chapter 4 Social and Political Movements Class 10 Political Science Questions And Answers
• Chapter 5 Challenges faced by Indian Democracy Class 10 Political Science Questions And Answers

Class 10

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