Maharashtra Board Class 10 Political Science Chapter 3 Political Parties Solutions

Std 10 Political Science Chapter 3 Question Answer Political Parties Maharashtra Board

Class 10 Political Science Chapter 3 Political Parties Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Political Science Class 10 Chapter 3 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Question 1. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences.
(1) When people come together and participate in electoral process, to acquire political power, such organisations are called ..............................................
(a) Government
(b) Society
(c) Political parties
(d) Social organisations
Answer: (c) Political parties
In simple words: Political parties are groups of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government by participating in the electoral process. They represent specific ideologies and work towards achieving common goals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the basic definition and function of political parties is crucial for questions related to democratic processes and governance.

 

Question 1. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences.
(2) National Conference is a party in ........................................ this region.
(a) Odisha
(b) Assam
(c) Bihar
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer: (d) Jammu and Kashmir
In simple words: The National Conference is a political party whose influence and base are primarily concentrated in the region of Jammu and Kashmir.

🎯 Exam Tip: Regional parties and their areas of influence are important facts to remember, especially for objective-type questions.

 

Question 1. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences.
(3) Justice Party- a non-Brahmin movement was transformed into ............................................ Political Party.
(a) Assam Gan Parishad
(b) Shivsena
(c) Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam
(d) Jammu and Kashmir National Conference
Answer: (c) Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam
In simple words: The Justice Party, which began as a non-Brahmin movement, evolved and transformed into the Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), a prominent political party in Tamil Nadu.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the historical transformations of political movements into parties helps in understanding the evolution of regional politics.

 

Question 2. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer.
(1) Political parties act as a link between government and people.
Answer: The above statement is True.
• The political parties convey the demands and complaints of the people to the government.
• Information about various government policies and schemes are conveyed to the people by the political parties.
• People's reaction to the policies and their expectations are conveyed to the government too by the parties. In this way, political parties act as a link between government and the people.
In simple words: Political parties serve as crucial intermediaries, conveying public demands and feedback to the government, while also informing citizens about government policies and initiatives, thus creating a two-way communication channel.

🎯 Exam Tip: When providing reasons for True/False statements, ensure each point directly supports your assertion and clearly explains the mechanism or consequence.

 

Question 2. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer.
(2) Political parties are social organisations.
Answer: The above statement is True.
• People who have similar views come together voluntarily and form a party, so it can be said that political parties are an integral part of our society.
• The political parties try to solve the problems of the people.
• Some political parties represent the role of a particular community in society, its ideology and work to achieve it. Hence it can be said that political parties are social organizations.
In simple words: Political parties are essentially social organizations as they bring together people with shared beliefs, aim to address public problems, and often represent specific communities or ideologies within society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the collective action and representation aspects of political parties to justify their classification as social organizations.

 

Question 2. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer.
(3) Coalition politics leads to instability.
Answer: The above statement is False.
• As no single party got majority after the elections held in 1989, coalition government came to power at the centre and many states.
• Parties had to set aside their policies and programmes and concentrate on a common agenda to run the government.
• Both Congress Party and the Bharatiya Janata Party made an experiment of establishing a coalition government.
• The National Democratic Alliance formed by BJP and its partners and the Democratic Front government formed by Congress and its partners ruled at the centre and state level effectively.
Therefore, the belief that the coalition government brings instability was proved wrong.
In simple words: The statement is false because India's experience since 1989 shows that coalition governments, by focusing on common agendas and effective partnerships, have managed to provide stable governance at both central and state levels.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use historical examples, like the post-1989 era in India, to effectively counter generalized statements about coalition politics and stability.

 

Question 2. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer.
(4) Shiromani Akali Dal is a national party.
Answer: The above statement is False.
The Election Commission of India recognises a political party as National or Regional party on the basis of specific criteria namely:
• The number of seats secured in Parliament and Legislative Assembly or percentage of votes secured.
• Shiromani Akali Dal does not meet the criteria listed above.
• As its influence is limited to the state of Punjab and not in any other state.
• The Election Commission has given recognition to it as regional party.
In simple words: Shiromani Akali Dal is a regional party, not a national one, because its influence and electoral presence are confined primarily to Punjab, and it does not meet the nationwide criteria set by the Election Commission for national party recognition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the Election Commission's criteria for national vs. regional parties and explain why the given party does or does not meet them.

 

Question 3. Explain the following concepts.
(1) Regionalism
Answer:
• India is a vast country with great physical diversity. People belonging to different regions have their own language, culture and traditions.
• Along with the physical diversity, we find diversity in literature, education, history and movements.
• Each one feels an affinity for his language, traditions and history of social reforms. This gives rise to linguistic identity.
• This affinity towards all the above-mentioned aspects develops into identity consciousness and gives rise to excessive regional pride.
• People start giving preference only to the development of their language and region.
• This is known as Regionalism.
In simple words: Regionalism is an excessive attachment or pride towards one's own language, culture, traditions, and region, often leading to a preference for its development over other regions due to India's inherent diversity.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining concepts, define the term clearly and then elaborate on its causes and manifestations, especially in the Indian context.

 

Question 3. Explain the following concepts.
(2) National Parties
Answer: A party which functions at the national level is known as National Party.
1. The Election Commission has laid certain criteria for a party to get recognised as a Political party. The political party should secure at least f 6% valid votes in four or more states in the earlier Lok Sabha. OR
2. State Assembly elections and minimum four members should be elected in the Lok Sabha from any state or states in the earlier elections. OR
3. The candidates of a party should be elected from a minimum three states or should be elected from a minimum 2% constituencies of the total Lok Sabha constituencies. OR
4. It is important to get recognition as a state party in at least four states.
In simple words: National parties are political organizations that operate across the country and meet specific electoral criteria set by the Election Commission, such as securing a certain percentage of votes or seats in multiple states, signifying a broad national presence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing the specific criteria for national party recognition by the Election Commission is crucial for a complete and accurate answer.

 

Question 4. Answer the following questions in brief.
(1) What are the major characteristics of political parties?
Answer: The main features of political parties are as follows:
• Political parties aim at securing power by contesting elections.
• Every political party has some ideology.
• Every party has an agenda. It is based on the party's ideology.
• The party that gets majority seats in election forms the government and the one that does not secure the majority act as opposition parties.
• Political parties are a link between the people and the government and work to gain the support of the people.
In simple words: Political parties are characterized by their goal of gaining power through elections, adherence to a specific ideology and agenda, formation of government or opposition, and acting as a bridge between the populace and the state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on core aspects like power-seeking, ideology, agenda, governance role, and public linkage when describing characteristics of political parties.

 

Question 4. Answer the following questions in brief.
(2) What changes have taken place in the nature of political parties in India?
Answer: The following changes were seen in the party system in India:
• Indian- National Congress was the only dominant party in states and at the centre after independence.
• All other parties came together and formed a coalition in 1977 and defeated the Congress.
• For the first time in history, the two-party system got importance over one-party system.
• The one-party system came to an end after the 1989 elections.
• Regional parties got importance and the coalition government was formed at the centre and in the states.
In simple words: India's political landscape has shifted from a one-party dominant system post-independence to a multi-party system, with a rise in the importance of coalition governments and regional parties, especially after the 1977 and 1989 elections.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the historical evolution, especially the transition from one-party dominance to coalition politics and the growing role of regional parties, to showcase comprehensive understanding.

 

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख एक 'मेमोरी मैप' को दर्शाता है, जो राजनीतिक दल की विभिन्न विशेषताओं और प्रकारों को वर्गीकृत करता है। इसमें राजनीतिक दल का अर्थ, राजनीतिक प्रणाली (एक-दलीय, दो-दलीय, बहु-दलीय), राजनीतिक दलों के प्रकार (राष्ट्रीय और क्षेत्रीय), राजनीतिक दलों की भूमिका (क्षेत्रीय दलों की माँगें, दलविहीन लोकतंत्र) और राजनीतिक दलों की विशेषताएँ (सत्ता में रहना, विचारधारा, पार्टी एजेंडा, सरकार और लोगों के बीच कड़ी, राष्ट्रीय और क्षेत्रीय दलों की बदलती प्रकृति) शामिल हैं।

 

Question 5. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences:
(a) The party which fails to secure majority is known as ........................................ party.
(a) Ruling
(b) Opposition
(c) Independent
(c) Coalition
Answer: (b) Opposition
In simple words: In a parliamentary democracy, the political party that does not win enough seats to form a government, but is the largest minority, typically forms the opposition and scrutinizes the ruling party.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the basic roles of parties in a democratic setup; the party without majority forms the opposition.

 

Question 5. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences:
(b) 'Bharatiya Janata Party' which was formed in 1980 after a split with ........................................ a component of Janata Party.
(a) Jan Sangh
(b) Lok Dal
(c) Independent party
(b) Janata Dal
Answer: (a) Jan Sangh.
In simple words: The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was formed in 1980 by members who were previously part of the Janata Party, with its roots tracing back to the Jan Sangh.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the historical origins and splits of major political parties is important for understanding their evolution and ideological foundations.

 

Question 5. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences:
(c) Social support received by a political party is called ........................................ .
(a) Democracy
(b) People's rule
(c) Mass base
(d) Public relation
Answer: (c) Mass base
In simple words: The term "mass base" refers to the broad and widespread social support that a political party enjoys among the general population, which is crucial for its electoral success.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Mass base" is a key concept in political science, referring to the extent of popular support a party commands. It's often linked to the party's ability to mobilize voters.

 

Question 5. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences:
(d) Promotion of the Marathi language is the objective of the ........................................ .
(a) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
(b) Shiromani Akali Dal
(c) Shiv Sena
(d) Assam Gana Parishad
Answer: (c) Shiv Sena
In simple words: Shiv Sena is a regional political party in Maharashtra that primarily advocates for the rights and promotion of the Marathi language and Marathi-speaking people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate regional parties with their specific regional issues and objectives, such as linguistic or cultural preservation.

 

Question 5. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences:
(e) There are ........................................ recognised parties in India.
(a) five
(b) seven
(c) nine
(d) six
Answer: (b) seven
In simple words: As per the Election Commission of India's criteria for national parties, there are currently seven such recognized parties in the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep up-to-date with the current number of recognized national parties as this can change based on election outcomes and ECI criteria.

 

Question 5. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences:
(f) The main objective of the political party is to capture ........................................ and retain it.
(a) publicity
(b) victory
(c) power
(d) information
Answer: (c) power
In simple words: The fundamental goal of any political party is to acquire political power, usually through elections, and subsequently maintain that power to implement its policies and agenda.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying the core objective of political parties as 'securing and retaining power' is key to understanding their actions and strategies.

 

Question 5. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences:
(g) The ideology of the Communist Party of India is based on ........................................ Philosophy.
(a) Capitalist
(b) Marxist
(c) Democracy
(d) Imperialist
Answer: (b) Marxist
In simple words: The Communist Party of India (CPI) adheres to the Marxist philosophy, which emphasizes class struggle, social equality, and the eventual establishment of a classless society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connecting political parties to their founding ideologies (e.g., Marxist, Socialist, Nationalist) is essential for analytical questions.

 

Question 5. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences:
(h) Shiromani Akali Dal is a prominent regional party in ........................................ state.
(a) Odisha
(b) Assam
(c) Punjab
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer: (c) Punjab
In simple words: The Shiromani Akali Dal is a significant political party that primarily operates and holds influence within the state of Punjab.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to identify major regional parties with their respective states or regions of dominance for quick recall.

 

Question 6. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer:
(a) Political parties do not need support of the people.
Answer: The above statement is False.
• To secure power is the main aim of political parties.
• Political parties have to implement various policies and programmes for the welfare of people and to gain the support of the people.
• The party which solves the issues related to the welfare of the people get support.
• Without the support of the people they can never get a mandate.
Hence, all political parties require support of the people.
In simple words: This statement is false because political parties fundamentally rely on public support to win elections, implement policies, and achieve their goal of securing and maintaining power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the democratic principle that popular mandate is essential for political parties to function and govern effectively.

 

Question 6. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer:
(b) The Communist Party of India was split.
Answer: The above statement is True.
• The Communist Party of- India was established in 1925. The Communist Parties follow Marxist ideology.
• In 1962, due to differences in the leadership a rift was created in the party.
• The main reason for the split was about which political line to follow.
In simple words: The statement is true as the Communist Party of India (CPI) indeed split in 1964 due to ideological differences regarding the correct political line to be adopted.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning the year of the split and the primary reason (ideological differences) enhances the accuracy of your answer.

 

Question 6. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer:
(c) Sometimes the sentiments of regionalism gets strengthened in the country.
Answer: The above statement is True.
1. A country like India has diversity of government language, region and culture. This diversity creates affinity towards a region.
2. This affinity gives rise to excessive regional S pride and initiating movements to save it. The significance of such movements is claimed to be for preserving culture.
3. Asserting to be rightful claimant of material resources, job opportunities and development of the region these movements strengthen the regional pride.
4. Thus, this excessive regional pride turns morbid taking the form of regionalism.
In simple words: The statement is true because India's vast diversity in language and culture often fosters strong regional affinity and pride, leading to movements that assert regional claims for resources and development, thereby strengthening regional sentiments.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect India's inherent diversity with the rise of regional pride and subsequent movements to explain why regionalism can be strengthened.

 

Question 6. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer:
(d) Regional parties have no influence on National Politics.
Answer: The above statement is False.
• No single party got majority in the elections to Lok Sabha held in 1989.
• The national parties formed coalition government at the centre taking help of regional parties.
• As regional parties share power at the centre they have influence on national politics.
In simple words: This statement is false because regional parties gained significant influence in national politics, especially after 1989, often becoming crucial partners in coalition governments at the centre, thereby shaping national policies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the example of coalition governments post-1989 to illustrate how regional parties, despite their limited geographical reach, can exert considerable influence at the national level.

 

Question 7. Explain the concept:
(a) Regional Parties:
Answer:
1. The groups having a proud feeling about the different identity of their region and who compete to capture power to bring about regional development are 'Regional Parties'.
2. The influence of such parties are limited to their region. They give importance to regional problems. Development of one's own region is the prime objective of these parties.
3. Sometimes they demand for independent state or autonomy. They influence the national politics because of their dominance in the region.
4. They have passed through various phases, from separatism to autonomy and have then merged with mainstream national politics.
In simple words: Regional parties are political groups focused on promoting the identity and development of their specific region, often demanding greater autonomy or a separate state, and their regional dominance allows them to influence national politics.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining regional parties, emphasize their regional focus, objectives (like development or autonomy), and their evolving role in national politics.

 

Question 7. Explain the concept:
(b) Political Party:
Answer:
1. A Political Party is a kind of social organisation of like-minded people. The main aim of any political party is to contest election and secure power.
2. The stand taken by various political parties on issues becomes their political ideology.
3. In democracy, political parties are at the centre of all political activities. They are a link that connects common people, democracy, representation and elections.
4. The party that secures a majority becomes the ruling party and the rest are known as the. opposition.
In simple words: A political party is a social organization of like-minded individuals whose main goal is to contest elections, secure power, and implement its ideology, serving as a vital link between citizens and democratic processes by either governing or acting as opposition.

🎯 Exam Tip: A comprehensive definition of political parties should include their nature (social organization), primary goal (securing power), guiding principle (ideology), and democratic function (linkage, governance, opposition).

 

Question 8. Write short note:
(a) Party System:
Answer:
1. If one party remains in power in a country for a long period and no other party has any kind of influence the party system it is called 'One- Party System'.
2. When there are two equally strong parties which alternatively come to power. It is called 'Two-Party System'.
3. In a country where many political parties exist and compete with each other to capture power and have more or less influence in different states is called 'Multi-Party System'.
4. Democracy develops in Multi-Party System.
In simple words: A party system refers to the number of dominant political parties in a country, categorized as one-party (single party holds power), two-party (two major parties alternate power), or multi-party (many parties compete and may form coalitions), with multi-party systems generally fostering democracy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define and differentiate between one-party, two-party, and multi-party systems, mentioning their implications for democratic development.

 

Question 8. Write short note:
(b) Indian National Congress:
Answer:
• The Indian National Congress was established in 1885.
• The party represented the hopes and aspirations of Indians and led the freedom struggle.
• Groups having diverse ideologies became part of the Congress to fight for freedom.
• It believes in democratic socialism, social equality and international peace.
• After independence, the Congress Party was a dominant party for almost four decades and ruled at the centre and in the states.
In simple words: Established in 1885, the Indian National Congress played a pivotal role in the freedom struggle, embodying diverse ideologies, and post-independence, became a dominant political force advocating for democratic socialism, social equality, and international peace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include the establishment year, role in the freedom movement, core ideologies, and post-independence dominance when describing the Indian National Congress.

 

Question 8. Write short note:
(c) Communist Party of India:
Answer:
• The Communist Party of India was established in 1925. The Communist Party follows the Marxist ideology.
• The party aims at working to protect the interests of workers and labourers.
• The main objective of this party is to oppose capitalism and protect the interests of workers.
• The party split due to ideological differences in 1964. Those who walked out of the party formed Communist Party (Marxist).
In simple words: Founded in 1925, the Communist Party of India (CPI) adheres to Marxist ideology, focusing on protecting the interests of workers and laborers and opposing capitalism, eventually experiencing a split in 1964 due to ideological rifts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the founding year, core ideology (Marxism), primary objectives (worker welfare, anti-capitalism), and the significant split in 1964 as key points for this party.

 

Question 8. Write short note:
(d) Nationalist Congress Party:
Answer:
• Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) is the splinter or breakaway party from the Congress Party.
• It considers the values like democracy, equality and secularism important.
• It became part of United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and came to power in Maharashtra.
• It was in power in Maharashtra from 1999 to 2014 and at the centre from 2004 to 2014.
In simple words: The Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) originated from a split in the Congress Party, upholding values of democracy, equality, and secularism, and has been a significant political force, participating in coalition governments at both state and central levels.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention its origin as a breakaway from Congress, its core values, and its role in coalition governments, particularly in Maharashtra and at the Centre.

 

Question 8. Write short note:
(e) Trinamool Congress:
Answer:
• All India Trinamool Congress was established in 1998.
• The Election Commission of India gave it recognition in 2016.
• Democracy, Secularism and protection of the weaker sections of the society are some of the policies of the party.
• Presently (April 2019), this party is in power in the state of West Bengal.
In simple words: The All India Trinamool Congress, founded in 1998 and recognized in 2016, is a political party that champions democracy, secularism, and the protection of weaker sections, and has been in power in West Bengal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key details for Trinamool Congress include its founding year, recognition status, core policies, and its political dominance in West Bengal.

 

Question 8. Write short note:
(f) Shiv Sena:
Answer:
1. The Shiv Sena was founded in 1966.
2. The main objective of the party was to fight for the cause of Marathi-speaking people and preservation of Marathi language.
3. They resisted the people from other regions.
4. In 1995, it became the ruling party with BJP in Maharashtra and its strategic tie-up with BJP helped it to enter national politics.
5. It was in power at the centre with BJP from 1998 to 2004. Again it has shared power with the BJP at the centre and state since 2014.
In simple words: Founded in 1966, Shiv Sena is a regional party primarily focused on Marathi-speaking people and language preservation, which gained power in Maharashtra through alliances with BJP and also influenced national politics.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the founding year, its primary regional agenda (Marathi identity), and its history of alliances and power-sharing at both state and national levels.

 

Question 8. Write short note:
(g) Shiromani Akali Dal:
Answer:
• Shiromani Akali Dal was formed in 1920.
• It is a dominating party in Punjab.
• It gives preference to nurture religious and for the regional pride.
• The party has retained power in Punjab for many years.
In simple words: Formed in 1920, the Shiromani Akali Dal is a dominant regional political party in Punjab, prioritizing religious and regional pride, and has held power in the state for extended periods.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Shiromani Akali Dal, remember its founding year, regional dominance in Punjab, and focus on religious and regional identity.

 

Question 8. Write short note:
(h) Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam:
Answer:
• Justice party, a non-Brahmin movement, started in 1920. In 1944, it transformed into a political party called Dravid Kazhagam.
• In 1949, a group within the party got split and formed Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).
• The party works for the protection of Tamil identity.
• This party implemented many policies for welfare of the people and therefore has support from all the sections of society.
• Another group separated from it in 1972 and formed All India Dravid Munnetra Kazhagham.
• It remained in power for a long time in Tamil Nadu and for sometime at the centre.
In simple words: Originating from the Justice Party's non-Brahmin movement in 1920, the Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) formed in 1949 after a split, focusing on protecting Tamil identity and implementing welfare policies, and has held significant power in Tamil Nadu and occasionally at the center.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trace its historical evolution from the Justice Party, note the year of DMK's formation, its core objective (Tamil identity), and its political legacy in Tamil Nadu.

 

Question 9. Do as directed
(a) Complete the concept map:
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह अवधारणा मानचित्र भारत के राष्ट्रीय राजनीतिक दलों को दर्शाता है। केंद्रीय नोड 'भारत में राष्ट्रीय दल' है, जिससे विभिन्न दलों के नाम जुड़े हुए हैं। इसमें भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस, भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी, तृणमूल कांग्रेस, राष्ट्रवादी कांग्रेस पार्टी, भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी), बहुजन समाज पार्टी और भारतीय जनता पार्टी शामिल हैं।
In simple words: The concept map shows "National Parties in India" at its core, branching out to list the seven major national political parties: Indian National Congress, Communist Party of India, Trinamool Congress, Nationalist Congress Party, Communist Party (Marxist), Bahujan Samaj Party, and Bharatiya Janata Party.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately completing concept maps requires precise knowledge of the relationships and categories, such as the names of recognized national parties in India.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख भारत के विभिन्न क्षेत्रीय राजनीतिक दलों के गठन के वर्षों को दर्शाता है। केंद्रीय अवधारणा 'क्षेत्रीय दलों का गठन वर्ष' है, जिसमें चार तीर अलग-अलग क्षेत्रीय दलों - शिरोमणि अकाली दल, असम गण परिषद, शिव सेना और DMK (द्रविड़ मुनेत्र कड़गम) - से आ रहे हैं। यह नक्शा इन विशिष्ट क्षेत्रीय दलों की स्थापना के समय को समझने में मदद करता है।

Question 9. (a) (2) Complete the concept map:

		Formation year of Regional Parties
Shiromani Akali Dal				Shiv Sena
Assam Gana Parishad				DMK

Answer:

		Formation year of Regional Parties
Shiromani Akali Dal	1920			Shiv Sena	1966
Assam Gana Parishad	1985			DMK	1949

In simple words: यह संकल्पना मानचित्र भारत के प्रमुख क्षेत्रीय दलों और उनके स्थापना वर्षों को दर्शाता है, जिसमें शिरोमणि अकाली दल (1920), शिव सेना (1966), असम गण परिषद (1985) और DMK (1949) शामिल हैं। यह विभिन्न क्षेत्रीय राजनीतिक संस्थाओं के उद्भव को दर्शाता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: क्षेत्रीय दलों के गठन वर्ष और उनके संबंधित राज्यों को याद रखना महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि यह अक्सर बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्नों या अवधारणा मानचित्र-आधारित प्रश्नों में पूछा जाता है।

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख महाराष्ट्र में विभिन्न क्षेत्रीय राजनीतिक दलों को सूचीबद्ध करता है। केंद्रीय शीर्षक 'महाराष्ट्र में क्षेत्रीय दल' है, जिससे कई तीर निकलते हैं जो इन दलों के नामों की ओर इशारा करते हैं। यह विशेष रूप से महाराष्ट्र राज्य के भीतर काम करने वाले राजनीतिक परिदृश्य और क्षेत्रीय संस्थाओं की पहचान करता है।

Question 9. (a) (3) Complete the concept map:

Regional Parties in Maharashtra
Shiv Sena
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................

Answer:

Regional Parties in Maharashtra
Shiv Sena
Bahujan Vikas Aghadi
Republican Party of India
Samajwadi Party
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena

In simple words: यह मानचित्र महाराष्ट्र के विभिन्न क्षेत्रीय दलों को दर्शाता है, जिसमें शिवसेना, बहुजन विकास अघाडी, रिपब्लिकन पार्टी ऑफ इंडिया, समाजवादी पार्टी और महाराष्ट्र नवनिर्माण सेना शामिल हैं, जो राज्य के विविध राजनीतिक परिदृश्य को प्रस्तुत करते हैं।

🎯 Exam Tip: क्षेत्रीय दलों के उदाहरण और उनके संचालन के राज्यों को जानना राज्य-विशिष्ट राजनीतिक संरचनाओं पर आधारित प्रश्नों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।

Question 9. (b) Complete the Time-line writing the name of the party or the year of establishment:

1885		1964	1980	1984		1999
Indian National Congress	Communist Party of India	Communist Party of India (Marxist)			All India Trinamool Congress	Nationalist Congress Party

Answer:

1885	1925	1964	1980	1984	1998	1999
Indian National Congress	Communist Party of India	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	Bharatiya Janata Party	Bahujan Samaj Party	All India Trinamool Congress	Nationalist Congress Party

In simple words: यह समयरेखा भारत के प्रमुख राजनीतिक दलों के गठन के महत्वपूर्ण वर्षों को दर्शाती है, जिसमें भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस (1885), भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (1925), भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी) (1964), भारतीय जनता पार्टी (1980), बहुजन समाज पार्टी (1984), अखिल भारतीय तृणमूल कांग्रेस (1998) और राष्ट्रवादी कांग्रेस पार्टी (1999) शामिल हैं।

🎯 Exam Tip: राजनीतिक दलों और उनके स्थापना वर्षों की सही ढंग से पहचान करने से भारतीय राजनीति के इतिहास और विकास से संबंधित प्रश्नों में अच्छे अंक प्राप्त करने में मदद मिलती है।

Question 10. Answer the following questions in brief:
(a) What is called "mass base"?
Answer:
• Every political party is formed with some ideology.
• Political parties take a certain stand towards public issues.
• Their ideology and their stand towards public issues are conveyed to the people through various programmes.
• If the people agree with their role and ideology, they get the support of the people.
• Such social support received by a political - party is called 'mass base'.
In simple words: "जन आधार" एक राजनीतिक दल को जनता से मिलने वाले समर्थन को संदर्भित करता है, जो उनकी विचारधारा और सार्वजनिक मुद्दों पर उनके रुख के साथ लोगों की सहमति से आता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: जन आधार की अवधारणा को समझने से राजनीतिक दलों के कामकाज और लोकतंत्र में उनकी भूमिका का विश्लेषण करने में मदद मिलती है।

Question 10. (b) Write about the policies of Indian National Congress.
Answer:
The policies of the Indian National: Congress are as follows:
• Equal rights for the minorities and weaker sections of society.
• Secularism, all-round development and social welfare are its objectives.
• Introduction of socialist democracy.
• Belief in values like international peace and social equality.
In simple words: भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस की नीतियों में अल्पसंख्यकों और कमजोर वर्गों के लिए समान अधिकार, धर्मनिरपेक्षता, सर्वांगीण विकास, समाज कल्याण, समाजवादी लोकतंत्र और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय शांति एवं सामाजिक समानता के मूल्यों में विश्वास शामिल हैं।

🎯 Exam Tip: प्रमुख राजनीतिक दलों की मुख्य नीतियों को याद रखना तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण और नीति-उन्मुख प्रश्नों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।

Question 10. (c) Explain the role of Bharatiya Janata Party.
Answer:
Bharatiya Janata Party was formed in 1980 with the following objectives:
• To preserve Indian culture and traditions.
• To create a strong and rich India.
• To give importance to economic reforms for development of India.
In simple words: भारतीय जनता पार्टी का गठन 1980 में भारतीय संस्कृति और परंपराओं के संरक्षण, एक मजबूत और समृद्ध भारत के निर्माण, और भारत के विकास के लिए आर्थिक सुधारों को महत्व देने के उद्देश्यों के साथ किया गया था।

🎯 Exam Tip: किसी भी राजनीतिक दल के गठन के वर्ष और प्रमुख उद्देश्यों को जानना उनकी राजनीतिक विचारधारा और इतिहास को समझने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।

Question 10. (d) Write about the policies of Communist Party of India (Marxist).
Answer:
Communist Party of India (Marxist) was formed in 1964 with the following objectives:
• The party advocates socialism, secularism and democracy.
• The main policy of the party is to work for the welfare of farmers, landless labourers and workers.
• The party opposes imperialism.
In simple words: भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी), 1964 में गठित, समाजवाद, धर्मनिरपेक्षता और लोकतंत्र का समर्थन करती है, किसानों, भूमिहीन मजदूरों और श्रमिकों के कल्याण के लिए काम करती है, और साम्राज्यवाद का विरोध करती है।

🎯 Exam Tip: विभिन्न वामपंथी दलों के बीच सूक्ष्म अंतर और उनके मुख्य नीतिगत उद्देश्यों पर ध्यान दें।

Question 10. (e) Why was Bahujan Samaj Party formed?
Answer:
The Bahujan Samaj Party was formed in 1984 to achieve the following objectives:
• To bring socialist ideology into practice.
• To secure power for 'majority' comprising of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes.
• To give power in the hands of 'majority'.
In simple words: बहुजन समाज पार्टी का गठन 1984 में समाजवादी विचारधारा को लागू करने और अनुसूचित जातियों, अनुसूचित जनजातियों और अन्य पिछड़े वर्गों सहित 'बहुमत' के लिए सत्ता सुरक्षित करने के उद्देश्य से किया गया था।

🎯 Exam Tip: यह समझना महत्वपूर्ण है कि सामाजिक न्याय और हाशिए पर पड़े समुदायों के सशक्तिकरण के उद्देश्य से गठित दल भारतीय राजनीति में कैसे एक अद्वितीय भूमिका निभाते हैं।

Question 10. (f) What do the regional parties give preference for?
Answer:
The regional parties give preference to the following issues:
• Importance should be given to regional issues and bring about development.
• Regional issues should be handled* at regional level.
• The power rests in the hands of regional people.
• People living in that region should get preference in administration and jobs. .
In simple words: क्षेत्रीय दल अपने संबंधित क्षेत्रों के मुद्दों और विकास को प्राथमिकता देते हैं, यह सुनिश्चित करते हुए कि क्षेत्रीय समस्याओं को स्थानीय स्तर पर हल किया जाए और क्षेत्र के लोगों को प्रशासन और नौकरियों में वरीयता मिले।

🎯 Exam Tip: क्षेत्रीय दलों की प्राथमिकताएं अक्सर स्थानीय पहचान, भाषा और क्षेत्र-विशिष्ट आर्थिक या सामाजिक मुद्दों से गहराई से जुड़ी होती हैं।

Question 10. (g) What changes are seen in the nature and role of regional parties?
Answer:
The role of regional parties changed over period of time. The changes are as follows:
• After independence, regional identity gave rise to separatists movements and demands were put up by regional parties for separate state.
• They wanted to break away from the Indian union and form a separate state.
• The demands of the regional parties changed gradually and these parties started asking for autonomy.
• In the later period, for the development of their region and people the parties demanded representation of their people in the state and central government.
• Regional parties in the north eastern region also started demanding more autonomy after split up.
• The journey of the regional parties began with a split up and then a demand for autonomy going on to share power in federation and then entry into mainstream national politics.
In simple words: समय के साथ क्षेत्रीय दलों की प्रकृति और भूमिका में बदलाव आया है, शुरुआती अलगाववादी मांगों से लेकर स्वायत्तता की मांग और अंततः राज्य व केंद्र सरकारों में अपने क्षेत्र के लोगों के प्रतिनिधित्व और शक्ति साझाकरण पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने तक।

🎯 Exam Tip: क्षेत्रीय दलों के विकास और उनके राष्ट्रीय राजनीति में एकीकरण को समझना भारत में संघीय व्यवस्था की गतिशीलता का विश्लेषण करने में मदद करता है।

Question 10. (h) What are the objectives of Assam Gana Parishad?
Answer:
Assam Gana Parishad was formed in 1985 with the following objectives:
• To preserve the uniqueness of Assam's culture, language and social identity.
• To make efforts for economical development of Assam.
• To resolve problems of displaced people.
In simple words: असम गण परिषद का गठन 1985 में असम की संस्कृति, भाषा और सामाजिक पहचान को संरक्षित करने, राज्य के आर्थिक विकास के लिए प्रयास करने और विस्थापित लोगों की समस्याओं को हल करने के उद्देश्यों के साथ किया गया था।

🎯 Exam Tip: क्षेत्रीय दलों के विशिष्ट उद्देश्यों को जानना महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि वे अक्सर अपने संबंधित क्षेत्रों की अनूठी चुनौतियों और आकांक्षाओं को दर्शाते हैं।

Question 10. (i) What are the criteria for a regional party to get recognition?
Answer:
• In the last general elections to the State Assembly, the party should not secure less than 6% of the total number of valid votes polled.
• At least 2 members to be elected to the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha).
• 3% seats of the total seats of Legislative Assembly or at least 3 seats in Legislative Assembly.
In simple words: एक क्षेत्रीय दल को मान्यता प्राप्त करने के लिए, उसे राज्य विधानसभा चुनावों में कम से कम 6% वैध मत प्राप्त करने चाहिए, विधानसभा में कम से कम 2 सदस्य चुने जाने चाहिए, या विधानसभा की कुल सीटों का 3% या कम से कम 3 सीटें जीतनी चाहिए।

🎯 Exam Tip: चुनाव आयोग द्वारा निर्धारित क्षेत्रीय और राष्ट्रीय दलों की मान्यता के लिए मानदंडों को याद रखना भारतीय चुनावी प्रणाली की समझ के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।

Question 10. (j) What work is done by political parties?
Answer:
The following work is done by political parties:
• To propagate policies and programmes of the party and contest elections.
• They implement various policies when they come to power.
• If they fail to secure power, they act as opposition party and try to gain support of the people.
• They communicate the demands and complaints of the people to the government and the policies and programmes of the government to the people.
In simple words: राजनीतिक दल चुनाव लड़ते हैं, अपनी नीतियों और कार्यक्रमों का प्रचार करते हैं, सत्ता में आने पर नीतियों को लागू करते हैं, विपक्ष के रूप में कार्य करते हैं जब वे सत्ता में नहीं होते हैं, और सरकार व लोगों के बीच मांगों और सूचनाओं का संचार करते हैं।

🎯 Exam Tip: राजनीतिक दलों के बहुआयामी कार्यों को समझना लोकतंत्र में उनकी केंद्रीय भूमिका को उजागर करता है।

Question 11. Give your opinion:
(a) Imagine you are opposition party leader and you have observed that the ruling party has not done good work in the field of health. What will you do as a leader of opposition?
Answer:
As opposition leader, I will do the following to make the government realise its negligence in the health field:
• I will question the government in Parliament and point out their shortcomings and ask about the prolonged projects.
• I will create awareness among the people by writing articles in newspapers.
• I will give interviews,on radio and television and criticize the government.
• I will organise rallies and meetings to sensitize among the people.
In simple words: विपक्ष के नेता के रूप में, मैं संसद में सरकार से सवाल उठाऊंगा, समाचार पत्रों में लेख लिखूंगा, मीडिया साक्षात्कार दूंगा, और स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र में उनकी लापरवाही के बारे में जनता को जागरूक करने के लिए रैलियां और बैठकें आयोजित करूंगा।

🎯 Exam Tip: विपक्ष की भूमिका सरकार को जवाबदेह ठहराने और सार्वजनिक मुद्दों पर ध्यान आकर्षित करने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।

Question 11. (b) Think and write What has to be done to bring partyless democracy in modern times?
Answer:
• The recognition of all the parties should be cancelled. '
• People should be given the right to make decisions.
• In order to improve the decision-making power, people should be educated on political issues.
• To improve the moral character of the people who want to take the leadership.
• To initiate direct democracy and prepare the people for the same.
• Stress should be given for decentralization.
• Mahatma Gandhi, Vinoba Bhave and Jayprakash Narayan put forth the idea of partyless democracy.
• What has to be done to bring such democracy in modern times?
In simple words: आधुनिक समय में दलीय-विहीन लोकतंत्र लाने के लिए सभी दलों की मान्यता रद्द की जानी चाहिए, लोगों को निर्णय लेने का अधिकार दिया जाना चाहिए, राजनीतिक मुद्दों पर शिक्षा प्रदान की जानी चाहिए, नेतृत्व करने वालों के नैतिक चरित्र में सुधार किया जाना चाहिए, प्रत्यक्ष लोकतंत्र की शुरुआत की जानी चाहिए और विकेंद्रीकरण पर जोर दिया जाना चाहिए।

🎯 Exam Tip: दलीय-विहीन लोकतंत्र की अवधारणा और इसे प्राप्त करने के लिए आवश्यक कदमों को समझना वैकल्पिक राजनीतिक प्रणालियों की गहरी अंतर्दृष्टि प्रदान करता है।

Question 12. What do you understand by the following news in newspapers? Explain in brief.
(a) Opposition parties held a meeting in Mumbai to resist the Ruling party. Will take up the issue of farmers?
Answer:
• The ruling party did not undertake any work for the welfare of farmers. Therefore all the opposition parties decided to trap the government on this issue.
• The opposition parties have kept aside their differences and come together for this cause.
• It is the duty of the opposition party to question the negligence of the government.
• This news makes us aware of the line of action taken by the opposition.
• Opposition parties held a meeting in Mumbai to resist the Ruling party. Will take up the issue of farmers?
• Ruling party organised 'Samvad Yatra' in rural areas.
In simple words: मुंबई में विपक्षी दलों की बैठक दर्शाती है कि वे किसानों के कल्याण की उपेक्षा को लेकर सत्तारूढ़ दल का विरोध करने के लिए एकजुट हुए हैं, यह सरकार की लापरवाही पर सवाल उठाने और जनता को जागरूक करने के विपक्ष के कर्तव्य को उजागर करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: विपक्षी दलों की रणनीतियों और उनके द्वारा उठाए गए मुद्दों का विश्लेषण करें क्योंकि वे अक्सर महत्वपूर्ण सामाजिक और आर्थिक चिंताओं को दर्शाते हैं।

Question 12. (b) Ruling party has organised 'Samvad Yatra' in rural areas.
Answer:
• Political parties adopt different ways to popularise their party and influence the people.
• As the means of communication are limited in rural areas they organise the Yatra.
• It shows the efforts of the government to understand problems of people in rural areas.
• It is essential to have dialogue with people to know their problems and opinions.
• As the initiative is taken by the government, people will develop faith in government.
• The news conveys to us that the ruling party is carrying out its duties properly.
• The faith in government becomes profound when people feel that government is sensitive towards them.
In simple words: सत्तारूढ़ दल द्वारा ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में 'संवाद यात्रा' का आयोजन लोगों को प्रभावित करने, उनकी समस्याओं को समझने और सीधे बातचीत के माध्यम से सरकार में विश्वास बनाने का एक प्रयास है, यह दर्शाता है कि सरकार ग्रामीण चिंताओं के प्रति संवेदनशील है।

🎯 Exam Tip: सरकार द्वारा चलाए गए जनसंपर्क अभियानों के पीछे के उद्देश्यों को पहचानें, क्योंकि वे अक्सर जनता के साथ सीधा संवाद स्थापित करने और समर्थन जुटाने के लिए होते हैं।