Maharashtra Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Human Settlements Solutions

Std 10 Geography Chapter 7 Question Answer Human Settlements Maharashtra Board

Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Human Settlements Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Geography Class 10 Chapter 7 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1. Tick (✔) The Correct Options:

 

Question a. The concentration of settlements is related to following major factors
(a) Proximity to the Sea
(b) Plain region
(c) Availability of water
(d) Climate
Answer: (c) Availability of water
In simple words: The presence of water is fundamental for life and economic activities like agriculture and industry, making it a primary magnet for human settlements.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing settlement factors, always prioritize water availability as it underpins survival and livelihood. Show its impact on agriculture and industry for higher scores.

 

Question b. In North-eastern part of Brazil, which types of settlements are found
(a) Nucleated
(b) Linear
(c) Dispersed
(d) Star-shaped
Answer: (c) Dispersed
In simple words: Due to challenging geographical conditions like dense forests, unfavorable climate, and poor infrastructure, settlements in the North-eastern part of Brazil are spread out rather than clustered.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relate settlement patterns directly to geographical features; dispersed settlements often indicate difficult terrains or limited resources, which is key for such questions.

 

Question c. Where do you find dispersed settlements in India?
(i) Near the rivers
(ii) Near the transport routes
(iii) Hilly areas
(iv) Industrial regions
Answer: (iii) Hilly areas
In simple words: Dispersed settlements in India are typically found in hilly regions where the uneven topography makes it difficult for large clusters of people to live close together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that geographical constraints like mountains or forests naturally lead to dispersed settlement patterns, a common concept in human geography.

 

Question d. Concentrated settlements are found in Narmada Valley
(i) Forested land
(ii) Cultivable land
(iii) Undulating topography
(iv) Industries
Answer: (ii) Cultivable land
In simple words: Concentrated settlements in the Narmada Valley thrive on cultivable land because fertile soil supports agriculture, which in turn sustains a denser population.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that agricultural productivity and flat, fertile land are major drivers for concentrated or nucleated settlements, providing a stable economic base.

 

Question e. Which state has the least urbanisation in Brazil?
(i) Para
(ii) Amapa
(iii) Espirito Santo
(iv) Parana
Answer: (i) Para
In simple words: Para, located in the northern part of Brazil, experiences the least urbanisation due to factors like dense Amazonian forests and limited development opportunities.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about regional differences in urbanisation, link the least urbanized areas to challenging environmental conditions or historical development patterns.

 

2. Give geographical reasons:

 

Question a. Availability of water is a major factor affecting settlements.
Answer:
(i) Water is a major factor affecting settlements because water is required for survival of living beings, for purposes like drinking, cooking, agriculture, industries, etc.
(ii) Due to availability of water, agriculture and industries flourish, generating employment opportunities and leading to development of settlements.
(iii) Shortage of water will hamper the growth of agriculture and industries which lead to less development of settlements.
In simple words: Water is essential for human survival and economic activities; its presence allows agriculture and industries to thrive, creating jobs and fostering settlement growth. Conversely, water scarcity hinders development.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the importance of water for settlements, elaborate on its multi-faceted uses (drinking, agriculture, industry) and the direct impact of its presence or absence on economic and social development.

 

Question b. In Brazil, majority of population is found in the eastern coastal areas.
Answer:
(i) Although the coastal climate is hot and humid, and flat land is limited due to rugged topography, the eastern coast of Brazil has a good water supply and a large range of natural resources.
(ii) The region has rich fertile soil which is most suitable for coffee cultivation..
(iii) The region is rich in minerals like iron ore and has a steady power supply.
(iv) An excellent transportation facility is also available here.
(v) Due to these factors, agriculture, industries and trade flourish and settlements increase.
So, majority of Brazil's population is found in the eastern coastal areas.
In simple words: Despite some challenges, Brazil's eastern coast offers abundant water, fertile soil for coffee, rich minerals, reliable power, and excellent transport, making it highly attractive for agriculture, industry, trade, and thus, dense population.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on a combination of favorable factors-natural resources, infrastructure, and economic opportunities-to explain population concentration in a specific region.

 

Question c. Urbanisation is increasing rapidly in India.
Answer:
(i) In India, there has been growing industrialisation, leading to availability of jobs in urban areas.
(ii) Urban areas have better facilities and amenities like water supply, electricity, health, education, etc.
(iii) There is increasing migration of people from rural areas to urban areas.
(iv) The urban population is increasing due to the expansion of urban centres and emergence of new towns.
So, urbanisation is increasing rapidly in India.
In simple words: India's rapid urbanisation is driven by industrialization creating jobs, better amenities in cities attracting rural migrants, and the overall expansion of urban centers and new towns.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing urbanisation, include both push factors (e.g., lack of opportunities in rural areas) and pull factors (e.g., job availability, better amenities in urban areas).

 

Question d. Settlements are sparse in north-eastern Brazil.
Answer:
(i) The north east of Brazil is a Highland.
(ii) As this region lies in a rain shadow region it suffers from droughts.
(iii) Due to scanty rainfall and unavailability of resources, agriculture and industries are not well developed.
(iv) Transport facilities are also very poor here. Therefore, settlements are sparse in north - eastern Brazil.
In simple words: North-eastern Brazil, being a Highland rain shadow region, experiences droughts, leading to scarce resources, underdeveloped agriculture and industry, and poor transport, all contributing to sparse settlements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect sparse settlements directly to adverse environmental conditions (droughts, rain shadows) and their subsequent impact on economic development and infrastructure.

 

Question e. Except Delhi and Chandigarh, urbanisation is low in other parts of India.
Answer:
(i) Delhi and Chandigarh are union territories lying in the flat Northern Plains of India.
(ii) Delhi is the capital of India and has an ancient history of urbanisation while Chandigarh is one of the most well-planned cities.
(iii) Both Delhi and Chandigarh have good water supply due to river Yamuna and the Bhakra Canal.
(iv) As compared to the other cities in North India, both the cities have well-developed infrastructure, good transport links and other amenities.
(v) Fast developing industries and commercial centres in these places, offer high employment opportunities leading to urbanisation.
Hence, except Delhi and Chandigarh, urbanisation is low in other parts of India.
In simple words: Delhi and Chandigarh benefit from their location in fertile plains, historical urban development, good water supply, superior infrastructure, and strong economic sectors, leading to high urbanisation, while other parts of India often lack these cumulative advantages.

🎯 Exam Tip: When contrasting urbanisation levels, highlight the unique advantages (e.g., capital status, planned city, resources, infrastructure) of highly urbanized areas compared to others.

 

3. Answer in short:

 

Question a. Write a comparative note on urbanisation in Brazil and India.
Answer:
(i) Rate of urbanisation in higher in Brazil than in India.
(ii) Growth of urbanisation in India has been slow.
E.g. From 18% in 1961 to 31.2% in 2011.
(iii) Growth of urbanisation in Brazil has been rapid.
E.g. From 47.1% in 1960 to 84.6% in 2010.
(iv) Urbanisation has been more in the southern part than in the Northern part of India.
(v) Urbanisation in Brazil has been more in the coastal states of south and southeast than the states in the interior of the west and north.
(vi) India's rate of urbanisation has increased continously in a fluctuating rate.
(vii) Brazil's is rate of urbanisation has increased but in a diminishing rate.
In simple words: Brazil has a higher and more rapid urbanisation rate compared to India, with a greater concentration in its southern and southeastern coastal areas. India's urbanisation has been slower but continuous, with regional variations, while Brazil's growth rate is now diminishing.

🎯 Exam Tip: For comparative questions, use specific data points (percentages, years) to support your statements and highlight contrasting trends (rapid vs. slow, increasing vs. diminishing rates).

 

Question b. Differentiate between the human settlements in the Ganga river basin and the Amazon river basin.
Answer:

S.No	Human settlements in the Ganga river basin	Human settlements in the Amazon river basin
(i)	Nucleated settlements are found in Ganga river basin.	(i) Dispersed settlements are found in Amazon river basin.
(ii)	Flat land, availibality of water, fertile soil, favourable climate is suitable for human settlement.	(ii) Unfavourable climate, heavy rainfall, inaccessibility makes the Amazon river basin unsuitable for human settlement.
(iii)	The above conditions along with a good transport network has helped to flourish agriculture and other industries.	(iii) Due to dense evergreen forests and poor transport facility there are restrictions on the use of natural resources, which have affected economic development.

In simple words: Ganga Basin settlements are nucleated, supported by flat, fertile land, abundant water, and good transport for agriculture and industry. Amazon Basin settlements are dispersed due to unfavorable climate, dense forests, heavy rainfall, and poor accessibility, limiting development.

🎯 Exam Tip: When differentiating, clearly contrast opposing characteristics across multiple parameters (e.g., settlement pattern, land features, climate, resources, accessibility) for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question c. Why do human settlements grow in specific locations only?
Answer:
Human settlements depend on various factors like climate, availability of water, slope of the land, level of development.
In India, nucleated human settlements are found in the Ganga River Basin because of flat fertile plains, abundance of water, favourable climate and growth of agriculture and industries. Dispersed settlements are found in Himalayan slopes, eastern and southern Rajasthan because of uneven topography, unfavourable climate and lack of development.
In Brazil, nucleated settlements are found in Sao Paulo and southern coast of Brazil, due to nearness to the ocean, fertile soil, availability of natural minerals like iron ore, steady power supply and good transportation system. Dispersed settlements are found in Northern Brazil due to the inaccessible forests in Amazon river basin, unhealthy climate, limitations on use of natural resources drought region and poor transport connectivity.
In simple words: Settlements grow in specific locations because they are attracted to favorable conditions like fertile land, water availability, and suitable climate, which support economic activities and ease of living. Conversely, harsh environments deter dense settlement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the interplay of physical geography (climate, land, water) and human factors (economic development, infrastructure) in determining settlement location and type.

 

Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Human Settlements Intext Questions And Answers

Geographical Explanation

Study the two types of settlement patterns in India given in figure (a) and (b) Answer the following questions :

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र (a) भारत में एक न्यूक्लिएटेड बस्ती पैटर्न को दर्शाता है, जो अक्सर कृषि योग्य भूमि और जल निकायों के पास पाए जाते हैं, जहाँ बस्तियाँ एक केंद्रीय बिंदु के आसपास घनी होती हैं। यह क्षेत्र उपजाऊ मैदानों और खेती के लिए उपयुक्त भूमि को दर्शाता है।
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र (b) भारत में एक रैखिक या बिखरी हुई बस्ती पैटर्न को दर्शाता है। यह दर्शाता है कि बस्तियाँ सड़कों या नदी के किनारे फैली हुई हैं या फिर पहाड़ी इलाकों में जहाँ भूभाग असमान है। यह क्षेत्र कम घनत्व और बिखरे हुए आवासों को दिखाता है।

 

Question 1. Identify the type of settlements?
Answer:
Fig a. Settlement Type is: Nucleated and in Fig. b. Settlement Type is: Linear and Dispersed settlement.
In simple words: Figure (a) shows a nucleated settlement, where homes are clustered, while Figure (b) displays linear and dispersed patterns, indicating homes spread out along a feature or sparsely across the landscape.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correctly identifying settlement types requires observing the arrangement and density of structures; nucleated means clustered, while linear follows a line, and dispersed is spread out.

 

Question 2. Which one is a nucleated settlement? Why?
Answer:
Fig. a. Shows the image of a Nucleated settlement, because it is a cultivated land and has a centrally located water body.
In simple words: Figure (a) is a nucleated settlement because its dense clustering is centered around a water source in cultivated land, providing essential resources and livelihoods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Justify your identification of nucleated settlements by citing centralizing factors like a water source, fertile land, or a hub of activity.

 

Question 3. Which one is a dispersed settlement? What could be the reason behind it?
Answer:
In Fig. b. dispersed settlement is observed due to unsuitable topography.
In simple words: Figure (b) shows a dispersed settlement, likely due to challenging terrain like hilly or uneven topography, which makes close clustering difficult.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always link dispersed settlements to geographical constraints such as rugged terrain, limited resources, or extensive agricultural land requiring scattered residences.

 

Question 4. Can you guess in which regions are these settlements located in India?
Answer:
Settlement in Fig. a. is located in the north Indian plain, it might be the river Ganga Basin and settlement in the Fig. b. is located in hilly terrain covered with forest and also a road passing through leads to a dispersed settlement.
In simple words: Figure (a) likely depicts settlements in the fertile North Indian Plains, possibly near the Ganga Basin, while Figure (b) shows settlements in a hilly, forested area, potentially with a linear pattern along a road.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use visual cues like terrain, vegetation, and proximity to water bodies or roads to infer the geographical location of settlement patterns within India.

 

Think About It

 

Question 1. Tell whether settlements shown in images (a) and (b) are urban or rural.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र (a) भारत में एक शहरी बस्ती को दर्शाता है, जिसमें उच्च भवन घनत्व, अच्छी तरह से विकसित सड़क नेटवर्क और बड़े पैमाने पर निर्मित क्षेत्र दिख रहे हैं, जो शहरी जीवन की विशेषताओं को उजागर करते हैं।
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र (b) भारत में एक ग्रामीण बस्ती को दर्शाता है, जिसमें बिखरे हुए घर, अधिक हरियाली और कृषि भूमि का प्रभुत्व है, जो ग्रामीण परिदृश्य की विशिष्ट विशेषताओं को दर्शाता है।

Answer:
The image shown in (a) is urban and The image shown in (b) is rural
In simple words: Image (a) represents an urban settlement due to its high density and complex infrastructure, whereas Image (b) shows a rural settlement, characterized by lower density and more natural or agricultural land.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish urban from rural settlements by observing population density, building type and density, infrastructure (roads, utilities), and prevalence of natural or agricultural landscapes.

 

Lets Recall

 

Question 1. Some amenities and facilities are given here. Tick (✔) in the relevant column and complete the table on the basis of their presence in urban and rural areas or both.
Answer:

S.No	Amentity	Available in Villages	Available in Cities
(1)	Petrol Pump	✔	✔
(2)	Theatre		✔
(3)	Weekly Market	✔
(4)	Primary Health Centre	✔
(5)	Police Outpost	✔	✔
(6)	Art Gallery		✔
(7)	Gram Panchayat	✔
(8)	Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC)	✔
(9)	Primary School	✔	✔
(10)	Senior School		✔
(11)	College		✔
(12)	Shop	✔	✔
(13)	Multi-speciality Hospital		✔
(14)	Metro station		✔
(15)	Bus station	✔	✔
(16)	University		✔

In simple words: This table categorizes common amenities, showing that some are exclusive to villages (e.g., Gram Panchayat, Weekly Market), some to cities (e.g., Metro station, Multi-speciality Hospital), and others are available in both (e.g., Petrol Pump, Primary School).

🎯 Exam Tip: For tables listing amenities, accurately identify items unique to rural or urban settings and those common to both, reflecting distinct functional differences.

 

Try This.

 

Question 1. In the figure (a) and (b), you can see images of two settlements in Brazil. One is from the Amazon river basin in Brazil while the other belongs to the coastal area. Observe the settlement patterns carefully and name the types of settlement patterns. Write a comment on their density and types.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र (a) ब्राजील के अमेज़ॅन नदी बेसिन के निचले इलाकों में बिखरी हुई बस्तियों को दर्शाता है, जहाँ घने जंगल और दुर्गम भूभाग के कारण जनसंख्या घनत्व कम है। बस्तियाँ नदी के किनारे या छोटे-छोटे समूहों में फैली हुई हैं।
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र (b) साओ पाउलो, ब्राजील में न्यूक्लिएटेड बस्तियों को दर्शाता है, जो एक शहरी तटीय क्षेत्र है। यहाँ उच्च जनसंख्या घनत्व और बस्तियों का सघन क्लस्टर दिखाई देता है, जो विकसित शहरी बुनियादी ढांचे को इंगित करता है।

Answer:
(1) Fig. (a)
Type settlement pattern: Dispersed settlements as they are lying in the dense forested areas of the Amazon Basin.
Density of Population: Sparse.
(2) Fig. (b)
Type settlement pattern: Nucleated settlements as they are lying in the dense forested areas of the Amazon Basin.
Density of Population: Dense.
In simple words: Figure (a) shows sparse, dispersed settlements in the Amazon Basin's dense forests due to challenging terrain, while Figure (b) depicts dense, nucleated settlements in the Sao Paulo coastal area, indicating higher urbanization and development.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing settlement patterns from images, note the density, arrangement, and surrounding environment (forests, urban sprawl) to correctly classify them as dispersed or nucleated, and their relative population density.

 

Can You Tell

Read the graph below and answer the following questions:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख भारत में शहरीकरण की प्रवृत्ति को दर्शाता है, जिसमें 1961 से 2011 तक शहरी जनसंख्या के प्रतिशत में क्रमिक वृद्धि दिखाई गई है। X-अक्ष पर वर्ष (1961, 1971, आदि) और Y-अक्ष पर शहरी जनसंख्या का प्रतिशत (0-35%) दिया गया है, जो दशकीय परिवर्तन को प्रस्तुत करता है।

 

Question 1. What was the percentage of urbanisation in 1961?
Answer:
The percentage of urbanisation in 1961 was 18%.
In simple words: According to the graph, India's urbanisation stood at 18% in the year 1961.

🎯 Exam Tip: When extracting data from graphs, always accurately read the corresponding values from the axes for the specified point in time.

 

Question 2. In which decade was urbanisation the highest?
Answer:
Highest urbanisation took place in the decade 1971 -1981.
In simple words: The graph indicates that the highest increase in urbanisation percentage occurred between 1971 and 1981.

🎯 Exam Tip: To find the highest urbanisation growth in a decade, calculate the difference in percentage points between the start and end of each decade from the graph.

 

Question 3. In which decade was the growth of urbanisation lowest?
Answer:
The growth of urbanisation was lowest in the decade 1961-1971.
In simple words: The graph reveals that the period between 1961 and 1971 saw the least growth in India's urbanisation percentage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the decade with the smallest percentage point increase by comparing the difference between consecutive data points on the graph.

 

Question 4. What was the growth in the percentage of urbanisation between 1961 and 1971?
Answer:
The growth in the percentage of urbanisation between 1961 and 1971 was of 0.20%
In simple words: Between 1961 (18%) and 1971 (18.2%), India's urbanisation percentage grew by a modest 0.20%.

🎯 Exam Tip: Precisely calculate the growth by subtracting the initial percentage from the final percentage for the given time period.

 

Question 5. What was the growth in the percentage of urbanisation between 1991 and 2011?
Answer:
The growth in the percentage of urbanisation between 1991 and 2011 was of 5.5%.
In simple words: From 1991 (25.7%) to 2011 (31.2%), the percentage of urbanisation in India increased by 5.5%.

🎯 Exam Tip: For longer periods, ensure you take the values from the correct start and end years on the graph before calculating the total growth.

 

Question 6. What inference can you draw regarding India's urbanisation after reading the graph?
Answer:
After reading the graph, we can say that urbanisation in India is slowly but continuously rising.
In simple words: The graph demonstrates that India's urbanisation has shown a consistent, albeit gradual, upward trend over the decades.

🎯 Exam Tip: When drawing inferences from a graph, summarize the overall trend and any noticeable patterns or rates of change, rather than just isolated data points.

 

Try This

Look at the table. It shows the growth and share of urban population in total population of Brazil. Draw a line graph from this table. Examine the graph carefully and answer the following questions:

Brazil Percentage of urban population (1960 to 2010)

1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010
47.1	56.8	66	74.6	81.5	84.6

 

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह ग्राफ ब्राजील की शहरी जनसंख्या को 1960 से 2010 तक दर्शाता है, जिसमें Y-अक्ष पर शहरी जनसंख्या का प्रतिशत (1cm-10%) और X-अक्ष पर वर्ष दिए गए हैं। यह आरेख शहरीकरण में वृद्धि की प्रवृत्ति को दिखाता है, विशेष रूप से 1960 से 1970 के दशक में तेज वृद्धि को उजागर करता है।

 

Question 1. What is the interval of the data?
Answer:
The interval of the data is 10 years.
In simple words: The data provided in the table is collected and presented at regular intervals of 10 years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify data intervals by observing the consistent difference between consecutive years or periods given in a table or graph.

 

Question 2. In which period did urbanisation occur rapidly?
Answer:
Urbanisation occured rapidly in the period 1960 – 1970.
In simple words: Brazil experienced the fastest rate of urbanisation between 1960 and 1970, showing the largest percentage increase in urban population during that decade.

🎯 Exam Tip: To find the most rapid period of urbanisation, calculate the percentage change for each decade and identify the largest increase.

 

Question 3. Write five sentences analysing the graph.
Answer:
(i) The graph shows the percentage of urbanisation in Brazil from 1960 to 2010.
(ii) The interval of the data is 10 years.
(iii) Clearly there has been a rapid urbanisation in Brazil.
(iv) The highest urbanisation is seen between 1960 to 1970, when urbanisation grew from 47.1% to 56.8%, a growth of 9.7%.
(v) Urbanisation occurred slowly during the decade from 2000 to 2010, at a growth of 3.1%.
In simple words: The graph illustrates Brazil's rapid urbanisation from 1960 to 2010, with data recorded every 10 years. The quickest growth was 9.7% between 1960-1970, while the slowest growth of 3.1% occurred between 2000-2010.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing a graph, start with an overview, then identify key trends (rapid growth, slow growth), and support your observations with specific data points and percentage changes.

 

Give It a Try

 

Question 1. Prepare a choropleth map showing urban population using the data given in the table below.

S.No.	Urban population percentage category	States /UTs falling in the category
(1)	0-20	Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Assam and Odisha
(2)	21-40	Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Manipur, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, A and N Islands, Punjab, Karnataka and M. P.
(3)	41-60	Gujarat, Maharashtra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram
(4)	61-80	Goa, Puducherry, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep
(5)	81-100	Chandigarh, NCT of Delhi

In simple words: This table categorizes Indian states and UTs based on their urban population percentage into five ranges, which can be used to create a choropleth map visually representing urbanisation levels across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: For choropleth map preparation, ensure correct categorization of states/UTs according to the given percentage ranges and a clear legend for the map to be easily interpretable.

Colours Of Both

 

Question 1.Compare the line graph shown in figure and the one drawn by you for Brazil. Write five lines on the changes that have occurred in urbanisation in both the countries, with time.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख भारत में शहरीकरण की प्रवृत्ति को दर्शाता है, जिसमें 1961 से 2011 तक शहरी जनसंख्या का प्रतिशत दर्शाया गया है, जिससे समय के साथ शहरीकरण के विकास को समझा जा सकता है।
Answer:(i) After comparing the graphs of India and Brazil, it is clear that urbanisation in Brazil has been much more rapid as compared to India. (ii) Urbanisation in Brazil grew from 47.1% in 1960-70 to 84.6% in 2000-2010. Whereas urbanisation in India grew from 18% in 1961-70 to 31.2% in 2001-2011. (iii) But Brazil's rate of urbanisation is showing signs of decline, whereas India's rate of urbanisation is showing a slow and consistent growth. (iv) For e.g. the rate of urbanisation in Brazil has decreased from 9.7% in 1960-1970 to 3.1% in 2000-2010. Whereas the rate of urbanisation in India has increased from 0.2% in 1961-1971 to 3.4% in 2001-2011. (v) Both Brazil and India are developing countries, but Brazil shows very high urbanisation as compared to India.In simple words: Brazil's urbanization has been much faster and higher than India's, although its growth rate has started to decline. India shows a slower but consistent rise in urbanization over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing data from graphs, ensure you cite specific percentages and timeframes to support your conclusions, demonstrating a clear understanding of trends.

 

Question 2.Make a short note on the comparison between the settlement patterns in India and Brazil on the basis of the following points: (i) Location (ii) Pattern (iii) Types (iv) Density
Answer:

India settlement pattern

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र नर्मदा घाटी के पठारी क्षेत्र या बिहार और उत्तर प्रदेश के धान के खेतों में पाई जाने वाली नाभिकीय बस्तियों को दर्शाता है, जो कृषि योग्य भूमि और पानी की उपलब्धता के कारण घनी हैं।

• Location: Nucleated settlements are found throughout the plateau region of Narmada Valley, paddy lands in Bihar, U.P, Vindhyan Plateau and several other cultivated parts of India.
• Pattern: Nucleated settlements
• Types: Urban
• Density: High population density

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र मध्य भारत के आदिवासी क्षेत्रों, राजस्थान के पूर्वी और दक्षिणी हिस्सों, या हिमालय की ढलानों पर बिखरी हुई बस्तियों को दर्शाता है, जहाँ असमतल स्थलाकृति और वन हैं।

• Location : Dispersed settlements are found in tribal parts covering central part of India, eastern and southern Rajasthan, Himalayan slopes and land with dissected and uneven topography.
• Pattern: Dispersed settlements
• Types: Rural
• Density: Low population density.

Brazilian settlement pattern

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र अमेज़न नदी के निचले इलाकों में बिखरी हुई बस्तियों को दर्शाता है, जहाँ घने जंगल, दुर्गम इलाका और प्रतिकूल जलवायु के कारण जनसंख्या घनत्व कम है।

• Location: The Southern and South Eastern parts of Brazil - Areas where there is good water supply, a large range of natural resources, rich soil, large supply of natural minerals, steady energy supply, a good transport system, etc.
• Pattern: Nucleated settlement
• Types: Urban
• Density: High population density.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र साओ पाउलो के शहरी क्षेत्र में घनी या नाभिकीय बस्तियों को दर्शाता है, जो तटीय क्षेत्रों में बेहतर परिवहन, खनिज संसाधनों और औद्योगिक विकास के कारण उच्च जनसंख्या घनत्व वाले हैं।

• Location : Brazilian Highlands, Central part, Amazon Basin region : regions with dense forests, unfavourable climate, poor transport limits, limitations on the use and exploitation of natural resources, etc.
• Pattern: Dispersed settlements
• Type : Rural
• Density: Low population density

In simple words: India has both nucleated urban settlements in fertile plains and dispersed rural settlements in hilly or tribal areas. Brazil shows dense nucleated settlements in its developed coastal southeast and sparse dispersed settlements in the challenging Amazon Basin and Highlands.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing settlement patterns, remember to link location and environmental factors directly to the type and density of settlements found there.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Human Settlements Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements.

 

Question 1.__________ settlements are found in tribal parts covering central part of India. (a) Nucleated (b) Linear (c) Dispersed (d) Circular
Answer: (c) DispersedIn simple words: Dispersed settlements are found in tribal areas of central India due to challenging terrain and limited resources, leading to scattered housing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying the type of settlement based on geographical features is a key concept; dispersed settlements are often linked to difficult terrains or resource scarcity.

 

Question 2.The earlier settlements in Brazil were formed by settlers from __________ mainly in coastal areas. (a) Africa (b) Asia (c) Europe (d) Australia
Answer: (c) EuropeIn simple words: Early Brazilian settlements, especially along the coast, were established by European settlers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Historical context, like the origin of settlers, is important for understanding the early development of human settlements in a region.

 

Question 3.Sao paulo has __________ settlements. (a) isolated (b) nucleated (c) scattered (d) dispersed
Answer: (b) nucleatedIn simple words: Sao Paulo, being a major urban center, features nucleated settlements where buildings are closely grouped together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Major cities and developed regions typically exhibit nucleated settlement patterns due to high population density and economic activity.

 

Question 4.Rural areas of Brazil such as the north east highlands suffer from __________ which make it difficult for practising agriculture. (a) high rainfall (b) extreme cold (c) extreme droughts (d) extreme heat
Answer: (c) extreme droughtsIn simple words: The north-east highlands of Brazil face extreme droughts, making agriculture difficult in those rural areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the climatic challenges of different regions is crucial for explaining agricultural productivity and settlement patterns.

 

Question 5.Settlements become __________ as we go to the central part of Brazil. (a) sparse (b) dense (c) nucleated (d) triangular
Answer: (a) sparseIn simple words: As one moves towards the central parts of Brazil, settlements become sparse due to challenging geographical conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that interior regions of Brazil, especially the Amazon Basin, are generally less densely populated than the coastal areas.

 

Question 6.The growth of urbanisation in India has been __________. (a) quick (b) moderate (c) slow (d) rapid
Answer: (c) slowIn simple words: India's urbanization has shown a slow but steady growth rate over the decades.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing urbanization trends, be precise with terms like "slow" or "rapid" and be ready to support them with comparative data if available.

 

Question 7.In India, urbanisation has been more in the __________ part. (a) Western (b) Eastern (c) Northern (d) Southern
Answer: (d) SouthernIn simple words: Southern India has generally experienced higher rates of urbanization compared to other parts of the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Regional variations in urbanization within India are significant; understand the factors contributing to higher urbanization in specific regions like the South.

 

Question 8.Goa is the most urbanised state in India with __________ urban population. (a) 92% (b) 52% (c) 62% (d) 82%
Answer: (c) 62%In simple words: Goa is India's most urbanized state, with approximately 62% of its population living in urban areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing specific statistics for states like Goa can help illustrate points about urbanization levels in India.

 

Question 9.__________ is more than 80% urban. (a) Goa (b) Gujarat (c) Delhi (d) Puducherry
Answer: (c) DelhiIn simple words: Delhi, as a major metropolitan area and capital, has an urban population exceeding 80%.

🎯 Exam Tip: Union Territories and capital cities often have very high urbanization rates due to their administrative and economic functions.

 

Question 10.Today, about __________ of Brazil's population lives in urban area. (a) 96% (b) 66% (c) 86% (d) 76%
Answer: (c) 86%In simple words: A significant majority, approximately 86%, of Brazil's population currently resides in urban areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: High urban population percentages in countries like Brazil highlight their advanced stage of urbanization compared to many other developing nations.

 

Question 11.Looking at the growth in a few parts of the country, the government is promoting "Go __________" policy which reduces pressure on other densely populated areas. (a) East (b) North (c) South (d) West
Answer: (d) WestIn simple words: The Brazilian government is promoting a "Go West" policy to encourage development and settlement in less populated western regions, alleviating pressure on the dense coastal areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Government policies like "Go West" are strategic initiatives to address regional imbalances and promote even development across a country.

 

Question 12.Urbanisation has occurred more in the __________ states, in Brazil. (a) inland (b) coastal (c) central (d) north-western
Answer: (b) coastalIn simple words: In Brazil, urbanization has been concentrated predominantly in the coastal states due to historical development, trade, and accessibility.

🎯 Exam Tip: Coastal areas often attract more settlements and development due to easier access to trade routes, milder climates, and resource availability.

 

Question 13.__________ is a port on the confluence of the Negro and the Amazon rivers, where urbanisation has occurred. (a) Alagoas (b) Parana (c) Manaus (d) Ceara
Answer: (c) ManausIn simple words: Manaus is a key port city located at the confluence of the Negro and Amazon rivers, which has become a significant urban center despite its interior location.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific examples of urban centers like Manaus, located at strategic river confluences, illustrate how geographical features can influence urbanization.

Find out the correct group :

 

Question 1.States of Brazil in having 91% to 100% urban population. (a) Sao Paulo, Goias, Espirito Santo and Tocantins. (b) Espirito Santo, Rio De Janeiro, Para and Goias. (c) Espirito Santo, Goias, Sao Paulo, Rio De Janeiro. (d) Sao Paulo, Amapa, Santa Catarina, and Rondonia.
Answer: (c) Espirito Santo, Goias, Sao Paulo and Rio De Janeiro.In simple words: Espirito Santo, Goias, Sao Paulo, and Rio De Janeiro are the Brazilian states with very high urban populations, ranging from 91% to 100%.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about specific urbanisation percentages, it's crucial to recall the exact states that fall into those categories.

 

Question 2.States of India having less than 20% of Urbanization. (a) Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and Rajasthan. . (b) Lakshadweep, Daman and Diu, Puducherry and Nagaland. (c) Tamil Nadu, Mizoram, Gujarat and Maharashtra. (d) Odisha, Assam, Bihar and Himachal Pradesh.
Answer: (d) Odisha, Assam, Bihar and Himachal Pradesh.In simple words: Odisha, Assam, Bihar, and Himachal Pradesh are Indian states characterized by low urbanization, with less than 20% of their population living in urban areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the states with low urbanization can help in discussions about rural development and the challenges of uneven growth across India.

 

Question 3.Nucleated settlements in India. (a) Vindhyan plateau, Plateau region of Narmada valley, Paddy lands in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. (b) Rajasthan, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Punjab. (c) Himalayan slopes, East Rajasthan, Tribal part of Madhya Pradesh and Nagaland. (d) Vindhyan plateau, Paddy lands in Uttar Pradesh, Land with dissected topography and Bihar.
Answer: (a) Vindhyan plateau, Plateau region of Narmada valley, Paddy lands in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.In simple words: Nucleated settlements in India are commonly found in fertile and resource-rich areas like the Vindhyan plateau, Narmada valley, and the paddy lands of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

🎯 Exam Tip: Nucleated settlements are typically associated with favorable conditions for agriculture and water availability, leading to clustered population centers.

 

Question 4.Dispersed settlements in India. (a) West coast, West Rajasthan, Paddy lands of Punjab and Mizoram. (b) Land with dissected topography, South Rajasthan, Vindhya plateau and Uttar Pradesh. (c) Tribal part of Madhya Pradesh, Himalayan slopes, West and South Rajasthan and Land with the uneven topography. (d) Himalayan slopes, Narmada Valley, West Rajasthan and South India.
Answer: (c) Tribal part of Madhya Pradesh, Himalayan slopes, West and South Rajasthan and Land with the uneven topography.In simple words: Dispersed settlements in India are found in areas with challenging terrains, such as tribal parts of Madhya Pradesh, Himalayan slopes, and arid or uneven regions of Rajasthan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dispersed settlements usually arise in areas where resources are scattered, or the terrain is difficult, preventing dense population clustering.

 

Question 5.States of India having urbanization between 41% to 60%. (a) Chandigarh, Daman and Diu, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. (b) Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat and Mizoram. (c) Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa. (d) Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Uttarakhand, Assam.
Answer: (b) Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat and Mizoram.In simple words: Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat, and Mizoram are Indian states with moderate urbanization levels, falling between 41% and 60%.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the urbanization percentages of different states helps to categorize them and compare their development stages.

 

Question 1.Match the columns:

Column 'A'		Column 'B'
(1)	Most urbanised state in India	(a)	Sao Paulo
(2)	Most urbanised state in Brazil	(b)	Goa
(3)	Least urbanised state in India	(c)	Mato Grosso
(4)	Least urbanised state in Brazil	(d)	Himachal Pradesh
		(e)	Delhi
		(f)	Para

Answer:1-b 2-a 3-d 4-fIn simple words: The correct matches are: Most urbanized state in India is Goa, Most urbanized state in Brazil is Sao Paulo, Least urbanized state in India is Himachal Pradesh, and Least urbanized state in Brazil is Para.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching column questions, double-check each pair carefully, as one incorrect match can lead to multiple errors.

Are The Sentences Right Or Wrong?

Question 1. India does not have a great tradition of urbanisation.
Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: India has a long history of urban development, with ancient cities and continuous urban growth, indicating a strong tradition of urbanization.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding India's historical urban trends is crucial for contextualizing its current urbanization patterns.

 

Question 2. The earlier settlements in Brazil were formed by the settlers from America.
Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: Early settlements in Brazil were primarily established by European settlers, not those from America.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correctly identifying the origins of colonial settlements is key for historical geography questions.

 

Question 3. North-East Highlands of Brazil suffer from extreme drought.
Answer: Right.
In simple words: The North-East Highlands of Brazil are known for their semi-arid climate and frequent droughts, significantly impacting agriculture and settlement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowledge of regional climatic conditions and their impact on human activities is important for geographical reasoning.

 

Question 4. The growth of urbanisation in India has been very fast, reaching 86% in 2011.
Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: Urbanization in India has been slow and consistent, not very fast, and did not reach 86% in 2011.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with statistical data related to urbanization trends in different countries.

 

Question 5. In underdeveloped countries, the rate of urbanisation is low.
Answer: Right.
In simple words: Generally, underdeveloped countries experience slower rates of urbanization due to limited industrialization, infrastructure, and job opportunities compared to more developed nations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correlate the level of economic development with urbanization rates for comparative analysis.

 

Give Geographical Reasons:

Question 1. Sao Paulo area has nucleated settlements.
Answer:
(i) Sao Paulo is situated in South East coast of Brazil.
(ii) The region has a good water supply.
(iii) It an extensive area under rich fertile soil which is ideal for growing coffee.
(iv) It has a large supply of natural minerals, such as iron ore.
(v) It also has a steady energy supply.
(vi) This region has a good transport system too.
So, Sao Paulo area has nucleated settlements.
In simple words: Sao Paulo's favorable conditions, including good water availability, fertile soil for coffee cultivation, rich mineral resources, stable energy supply, and excellent transport infrastructure, have historically attracted concentrated populations, leading to nucleated settlements.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining settlement patterns, always link them to a combination of environmental, economic, and infrastructural factors.

 

Question 2. The Brazilian government is promoting 'Go West' policy.
Answer:
(i) Brazil is one of the few developing countries which is highly urbanised.
(ii) But urbanisation in Brazil is confined to South and South East.
(iii) For e.g. States like Sao Paulo, Goias, Minas Gerais, Rio De Janeiro have very high urban population.
(iv) Western Brazil continues to remain least urbanised, which is creating regional imbalance.
(v) In order to reduce regional imbalance, the Brazil Government is promoting 'Go-West Policy'.
In simple words: The Brazilian government is promoting the 'Go West' policy to address significant regional imbalances in urbanization, as most of Brazil's population and development are concentrated in the South and South-East, leaving the vast western parts sparsely populated and less developed. This policy aims to encourage settlement and economic growth in these underdeveloped western regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Governmental policies often aim to correct geographical disparities, and understanding their rationale is important for policy-related questions in geography.

 

10th Std Geography Questions And Answers: