Maharashtra Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Population Solutions

Std 10 Geography Chapter 6 Question Answer Population Maharashtra Board

Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Population Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Geography Class 10 Chapter 6 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1. Are The Following Sentences Right Or Wrong? Correct The Wrong Ones.

 

Question a. Literacy rate is higher in Brazil than India.

Answer: Right.
In simple words: This statement is correct, indicating that Brazil generally has a higher literacy rate than India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key comparative facts between Brazil and India for direct questions on demographics.

 

Question b. In Brazil, people prefer living in the south east as compared to the north east.

Answer: Right.
In simple words: Brazilians tend to settle more in the southeastern parts of the country than the northeastern parts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Geographical preferences for settlement are often linked to climate, resources, and economic opportunities; understand these underlying reasons.

 

Question c. The life expectancy of Indians is decreasing.

Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: The statement is incorrect; life expectancy in India has generally been increasing over time due to better healthcare and living conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of general trends in demographic indicators like life expectancy for both countries as they are common comparison points.

 

Question d. The north-western part of India is densely populated.

Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: This statement is false because the northwestern part of India, which includes desert and hilly regions, is generally sparsely populated.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the population distribution patterns of India, especially identifying densely and sparsely populated regions.

 

Question e. The western part of Brazil is densely populated

Answer: Wrong
In simple words: This statement is incorrect as the western part of Brazil, dominated by the Amazon Basin, has a low population density.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the factors contributing to population density, such as dense forests and climate, which explain sparse populations in regions like the Amazon Basin.

2. Answer The Following Questions As Per The Instructions:

 

Question a. Arrange the following states of India in descending order of their population.
Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh.

Answer: Descending order: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh.
In simple words: The states are ordered from highest to lowest population: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Arunachal Pradesh.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the relative population sizes of major Indian states for arrangement-based questions.

 

Question b. Arrange the states of Brazil in ascending order of their population: Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro, Alagoas, Sao Paulo, Parana.

Answer: States of Brazil: Alagoas, Amazonas, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo.
In simple words: The Brazilian states are ordered from lowest to highest population: Alagoas, Amazonas, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Brazil, understand the general population distribution and key states, especially coastal versus interior regions.

 

Question c. Classify the factors affecting the distribution of population into favourable and unfavourable.

Answer:

Favourable Factors	Unfavourable Factors
(1) Nearness to Sea	Lack of roads
(2) Temperate Climate	Lack of Industries
(3) New cities and towns	Tropical moist forests
(4) Minerals	Semi arid climate
(5) Cultivable land

In simple words: Population distribution is influenced by factors that either attract people (like coastlines, mild climate, good land, and resources) or repel them (like poor infrastructure, dense forests, or harsh climates).

🎯 Exam Tip: Classifying factors into 'favourable' and 'unfavourable' helps in understanding the complexities of human settlement patterns. Provide clear, distinct points for each category.

3. Answer The Following Questions:

 

Question a. Explain the similarities and differences between the population distribution in Brazil and India.

Answer:(a) Similarities in population distribution in Brazil and India:

• In Brazil as well as in India, population is very unevenly distributed.
• Inaccessible dense forests and absence of facilities are the barriers to human settlements.
• North, north west and north east of both the countries are the regions of low population.
• Population is concentrated in flat fertile regions which have abundant water resources, transport facilities, mild climate and development of agriculture industries and trade in the plain region.
• Coastal regions are densely populated in Brazil and in India.

(b) Differences between population distribution in Brazil and India.

• The average density of population in India is 382 persons per sq.km, and that of Brazil is about 23 persons per sq.km.
• Though the area of both the countries is occupied by vast river basins, the distribution of population is extremely opposite in both the river basins.
• The Amazon River Basin is sparsely populated while the Ganga River Basin is densely populated.

In simple words: Both Brazil and India have uneven population distribution, with dense forests leading to sparse settlement. However, India's overall population density is much higher than Brazil's, and their major river basins show opposite population patterns.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing two countries, always highlight both similarities and differences with specific examples or data points for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question b. Giving examples, correlated to, climate and population distribution

Answer: Climate and population distribution are closely interreleted. Temperature and rainfall, the two elements of climate greatly influence the population concentration.
(i) Dense population is found in regions with mild climate and moderate rainfall. E.g. the coastal plains of Brazil, the northern plain as well as the coastal plains of India
(ii) Places with heavy rainfall, inaccessibility and dense forests have low population. E.g. the interiors of the Amazon Basin in Brazil, north eastern states in India.
(iii) The snow covered regions due to extremely cold climatic conditions have less population. E.g. the northernmost part of Jammu & Kashmir.
(iv) In certain regions, due to less rainfall and extreme climatic conditions population is sparse. E.g. Thar desert of Rajasthan and the Drought Quadrilateral region of Brazil.
In simple words: Climate, especially temperature and rainfall, significantly shapes where people live; mild climates attract dense populations, while extreme conditions (heavy rain, snow, or drought) and dense forests lead to sparse settlement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use specific geographical examples from both India and Brazil to illustrate the link between climatic conditions and population density.

4. Give Geographical Reasons:

 

Question a. Population is an important resource.

Answer:

• The qualitative aspects of a population are important for a nation's economic and social progress.
• Natural resources of any country gets utilised properly because of the population.
• Economic growth and development will be slow if population resource is not utilised properly.
• Thus an optimum and quality population can bring about a country's development.

In simple words: A well-qualified and optimized population is crucial because it ensures the proper utilization of natural resources, drives economic growth, and contributes to the overall development of a nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the 'qualitative' aspects of population (skills, education, health) to explain why it's a valuable resource, not just the numbers.

 

Question b. Brazil's population density is very less.

Answer:

• Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world with respect to area and has a population of about 19 crores (Census 2010).
• It occupies 5.6% of world's total land area and accounts for only 2.78% of the world's total population.
• Thus Brazil occupies more percent of world's land and less percent of world's total population. Therefore,
• the density of population is very less in Brazil, i.e. around 23 persons per sq.km.

In simple words: Brazil is a very large country in terms of land area but has a relatively small total population, leading to a low average population density.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing population density, always relate it to both the total land area and the total population of the country. Mentioning specific figures (like 19 crores population and 23 persons/sq.km) strengthens your answer.

 

Question c. India's population density is high.

Answer:

• India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of about 121 crores (Census 2011).
• India occupies only 2.41% of the land area of the world, but supports 17.5% of the world's population.
• Thus India has less percent of world's land and supports high percent of world's population.
• Hence, India's average population density is high i.e. 382 persons per sq. km.

In simple words: India is the world's second most populous country, supporting a large percentage of the global population on a small land area, resulting in a very high population density.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast India's small land area percentage with its large share of the world's population to clearly explain its high density. Quoting the density figure (382 persons/sq. km) is important.

 

Question d. The density of population is sparse in the Amazon Basin.

Answer:

• The interior part of the Amazon Basin has a very unfavourable hot and humid climate.
• It receives heavy rainfall of nearly 2000 mm and has dense inaccessible forests.
• Transportation, agricultute and industries are not well developed here.
• All these factors are barriers to the development of human settlements.
• So, the density of population is sparse in the Amazon Basin.

In simple words: The Amazon Basin is sparsely populated due to its hot, humid climate, heavy rainfall, dense and inaccessible forests, and lack of developed infrastructure and industries, making it difficult for human settlement.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining sparse population, combine environmental factors (climate, forests, rainfall) with human development factors (transport, agriculture, industry).

 

Question e. Population density is high in the Ganga plains.

Answer:

• Ganga plains are fertile low lying plains formed due to the deposition work of River Ganga and its tributaries.
• Mild climate, moderate rainfall and fertile soil have led to the development of agriculture and industries.
• This region also has a dense network of roadways and railways.
• So, the population density is high in the Ganga Plains.

In simple words: The Ganga plains have high population density because of fertile alluvial soil, mild climate, moderate rainfall, and well-developed agriculture, industries, and transport networks, making it ideal for settlement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the combined impact of fertile land, favorable climate, and good infrastructure as key reasons for high population density in river plains.

5. Observe The Following Diagram And Answer The Following Questions:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र प्रति वर्ग किलोमीटर क्षेत्र में जनसंख्या घनत्व को दर्शाता है। चित्र (a) में कम लोग दिखाई दे रहे हैं, जो विरल जनसंख्या घनत्व को इंगित करता है, जबकि चित्र (b) में अधिक लोग दिखाई दे रहे हैं, जो सघन जनसंख्या घनत्व को दर्शाता है।

 

Question 5A. Compare and classify the population densities shown in the figure 'a' and 'b' representing 1 sq. km. of area.

Answer: In the fig. (a) density of population is 7 persons per sq. km. The region is sparsely populated.
In the fig. (b), the density of population is 18 persons per sq. km. The region is densely populated.
In simple words: Figure (a) shows a sparsely populated area with 7 persons/sq.km, while figure (b) shows a densely populated area with 18 persons/sq.km.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing diagrams, clearly state the specific values and the conclusion (e.g., sparsely vs. densely populated) drawn from them.

 

Question 5B. If in figure B one sign = 100, then what will be the sex ratio?

Answer: One symbol = 100 persons
There are 10 female symbols.
Number of females = 100 x 10
= 1000
There are 8 male symbols
Number of males = 100 x 8
= 800

Males	800	1000
Females	1000	?

Number of females = \( \frac{1000 \times 1000}{800} \)
= 1250
Sex Ratio is 1250 females per 1000 males.
In simple words: Based on the given symbols, there are 1000 females and 800 males, resulting in a sex ratio of 1250 females for every 1000 males.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly show your calculations step-by-step for sex ratio problems. Remember the formula: (Number of females / Number of males) * 1000.

 

Question 6. Comment upon the population density of fig (b).

Answer: (i) fig (b) shows the population density of India as per 2011.
(ii) The density of population is divided into four categories. They are:
(a) Less than 100 persons per sq.km.
(b) 101-250 persons per sq.km.
(c) 251-500 persons per sq.km.
(d) more than 500 persons per sq.km.

S.No.	Population Density (per sq.km.)	Name of the States / Union Territories
(1)	less than 100	Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim.
(2)	101 to 250	Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh.
(3)	251 to 500	Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Jharkhand, Assam, Tripura.
(4)	more than 501	West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Chandigarh, Puducherry, Diu, Daman, Dadra Nagar, Haveli, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

In simple words: Figure (b) represents India's population density in 2011, categorizing states and union territories into four density groups from less than 100 to more than 500 persons per sq. km.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing population density maps, remember to categorize regions based on the legend provided and list specific examples for each category.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Population Intext Questions And Answers

Study The Maps And Answer The Following Questions

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र भारत की जनसंख्या वितरण (2011) और भारत के जनसंख्या घनत्व (2011) को प्रदर्शित करता है। बाईं ओर का मानचित्र डॉट विधि का उपयोग करके जनसंख्या के वितरण को दर्शाता है, जहाँ प्रत्येक डॉट 2 लाख लोगों का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। दाहिनी ओर का मानचित्र भारत के राज्यों और केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में जनसंख्या घनत्व को विभिन्न रंग श्रेणियों (प्रति वर्ग किमी लोगों की संख्या) में दिखाता है।

 

Question 1. States with the highest population density.

Answer: West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
In simple words: States like West Bengal, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh, along with others such as Punjab, Haryana, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, show the highest population densities in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the top states with high population density in India, as they are frequently asked in map-based or direct questions.

 

Question 2. On the basis of maps given above, classify the distribution population in India in the following table.

Answer:

S.No.	Population Density (per sq.km.)	Name of the States / Union Territories
(1)	less than 100	Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim.
(2)	101 to 250	Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh.
(3)	251 to 500	Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Jharkhand, Assam, Tripura.
(4)	more than 501	West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Chandigarh, Puducherry, Diu, Daman, Dadra Nagar, Haveli, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

In simple words: India's population distribution can be classified into four density groups, ranging from states with less than 100 persons/sq.km (like Arunachal Pradesh) to those with more than 501 persons/sq.km (like West Bengal and Bihar), with various states fitting into intermediate categories.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice classifying states into population density categories using a map. This tests your geographical knowledge and understanding of demographic patterns.

 

Question 3. States with lowest population density.

Answer: Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Mizoram.
In simple words: Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Mizoram are states characterized by the lowest population densities in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying states with low population density helps you understand how challenging terrains and climates affect human settlement.

 

Question 4. Correlate the climate and physiography of India with its population distribution and write a note on it.

Answer: (i) Climate and population distribution are closely inter-related.
(ii) Temperature and rainfall are the two elements of climate which greatly influence the population distribution.
(iii) Dense population is found in regions with mild climate and moderate rainfall. E.g. the northern plain as well as the coastal plains of India
(iv) Places with heavy rainfall, inaccessibility and dense forests have low population. E.g. northeastern states in India.
(v) The snow-covered regions due to extremely cold climatic conditions have less population. E.g. the northernmost part of Jammu and Kashmir.
(vi) In certain regions, due to less rainfall and extreme climatic conditions population is sparse. E.g. Westernmost part of India in the Thar desert, Rajasthan.
In simple words: Climate and physical features (physiography) heavily influence India's population distribution; fertile plains and mild climates lead to high density, while extreme temperatures, heavy rainfall, dense forests, or deserts result in sparse populations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide diverse examples from different geographical regions of India to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the correlation between climate, physiography, and population density.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र ब्राजील की जनसंख्या वितरण (2010) और ब्राजील के जनसंख्या घनत्व (2010) को प्रदर्शित करता है। बाईं ओर का मानचित्र डॉट विधि का उपयोग करके जनसंख्या के वितरण को दर्शाता है, जहाँ प्रत्येक डॉट 2,00,000 लोगों का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। दाहिनी ओर का मानचित्र ब्राजील के राज्यों में जनसंख्या घनत्व को विभिन्न रंग श्रेणियों (प्रति वर्ग किमी लोगों की संख्या) में दिखाता है, जो 50 से कम से लेकर 300 से अधिक तक है।

 

Question 1. In which area is population greatly concentrated?

Answer: Population is greatly concentrated in the south eastern part of Brazil.
In simple words: The southeastern region of Brazil has a very high concentration of population.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Brazil, remember that population tends to concentrate along the Atlantic coast, especially in the southeastern part, due to historical development and favorable conditions.

 

Question 2. In which area is the distribution of population sparse?

Answer: The Amazon Basin in the nothern part and the central and western parts of Brazil have sparse distribution of population.
In simple words: The Amazon Basin in northern, central, and western Brazil has a low population density.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that harsh environmental conditions like dense forests and challenging climates in regions like the Amazon Basin lead to sparse populations.

 

Question 3. Prepare a note on factors responsible for the uneven distribution of population based on the study of Brazil you have made so far.

Answer: The distribution of population in Brazil is uneven:

• There is sparse population in the Amazon Basin due to hot and humid climate, heavy rainfall, dense forests, inaccessibility.
• The population is low in the swampy areas of Pantanal.
• Low population is found in the central and western part of Brazil due to lack of minerals, low rainfall, hot and dry climatic conditions.
• The distribution of population is moderate in Brazilian Highlands.
• High population is found in the coastal regions and the southern part of Brazil. This is due to flat fertile land and abundant availability of minerals due to which agriculture, industries and trade have developed.

In simple words: Brazil's population is unevenly distributed because of harsh conditions like hot, humid climate and dense forests in the Amazon, leading to sparse settlement in the north and west, while favorable coastal areas and southern regions are densely populated due to fertile land and resources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Divide the factors into those causing sparse population (e.g., climate, forests, inaccessibility) and those causing dense population (e.g., fertile land, minerals, trade) to provide a structured answer.

 

Question 4. Identify the type of map showing distribution fig. (a) of textbook.

Answer: The type of map showing distribution of population is a dot map.
In simple words: Figure (a) is a dot map, where dots represent the distribution of population.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to identify different types of maps (e.g., dot map, choropleth map) and understand what they represent.

 

Question 5. On the basis of the map (b), classify the distribution of population in Brazil in the following table.:

Answer:

S. No.	Population Density	Names of the places
(1)	Less than 50	Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Rondonia, Para, Amapa, Mata Grasso, Mato Grasso Do Sul, Goias, Tocantins, Maranhao, Piaui, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio Gande Do Sul
(2)	51-100	Paraiba, Pamambuco, Parana, Santa Catarina, Sergipe, Rio Grande Do Norte, Ceara
(3)	101-150	Alagoas
(4)	151-300	Sao Paulo
(5)	More than 300	Rio de Janerio, Brasilia

In simple words: Brazil's population density map shows that vast interior regions have less than 50 people/sq.km, while densely populated areas like Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro have over 150 and 300 people/sq.km, respectively.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise when classifying regions based on density ranges from a map's legend. Listing specific states for each category demonstrates strong analytical skills.

USE YOUR BRAIN POWER

 

Question 1. Calculate the population density of the area shown in 1 sq.km, of square in 'a' and 'b' each

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र प्रति वर्ग किलोमीटर क्षेत्र में जनसंख्या घनत्व को दर्शाता है, जहाँ प्रत्येक व्यक्ति प्रतीक 80 लोगों का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। चित्र (a) में कम प्रतीक हैं, जो कम जनसंख्या घनत्व दर्शाते हैं, जबकि चित्र (b) में अधिक प्रतीक हैं, जो उच्च जनसंख्या घनत्व को दर्शाते हैं।
Answer: (a) In fig. (a) there are 16
Each = 80 people
Total number of people = 16 x 80 = 1280
Fig. (a) has a population density of 1280 people per sq. km.
(b) In fig. (b) there are 23
Each = 80 people
Total number of people = 23 x 80 = 1840
Fig. (b) has a population density of 1840 people per sq. km.
In simple words: For figure (a), with 16 symbols, the population density is 1280 people/sq.km; for figure (b), with 23 symbols, it's 1840 people/sq.km, as each symbol represents 80 people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the symbol key (e.g., "Each = 80 people") when calculating population density from pictorial representations.

GIVE IT A TRY

 

Question 1. What could be the reasons of lower sex ratio in any region?

Answer: With reference to both the countries, the characteristics of population are prominently notable.

• The sex ratio of Brazil has been more than 1000 since decades.
• Considering the sex ratio of Brazil, the number of women have considerably increaesed than men since 2001.
• In India men outnumber women.
• In India we see fluctuations in the sex ratio since few decades. There has been a slight increase in the sex ratio after 1991.

In simple words: Lower sex ratio can be caused by factors like gender preference (often for males), female foeticide or infanticide, poor healthcare for women, and high maternal mortality rates.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about sex ratio, consider both social-cultural factors (e.g., gender bias, education) and health-related factors (e.g., maternal mortality, access to care).

 

Question 2. Write a similar conversation using the graph

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र दो लाइन ग्राफ प्रस्तुत करता है जो 1961 से 2011 तक ब्राजील और भारत के लिंग अनुपात (प्रति 1000 पुरुषों पर महिलाओं की संख्या) को दर्शाता है। ब्राजील का ग्राफ 1000 से ऊपर लिंग अनुपात दिखाता है, जबकि भारत का ग्राफ 1000 से नीचे लिंग अनुपात में उतार-चढ़ाव दिखाता है, जिसमें 1991 के बाद थोड़ी वृद्धि हुई है।
In simple words: The question asks to create a conversation comparing the trends in sex ratio for Brazil and India based on the provided graphs.

🎯 Exam Tip: For graph interpretation, identify key trends (increase, decrease, stability), compare magnitudes between countries, and note any significant turning points or periods.

A: What do these graphs show?

B: These graphs show the literacy rate of India and Brazil.

Answer: These graphs illustrate the literacy rates, presented as percentages, for both India and Brazil over various years.
In simple words: The graphs compare how many people can read and write in India and Brazil over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding how to interpret comparative graphs is crucial for analyzing socio-economic indicators across different countries.

A: What do you mean by literacy rate?

B: It means the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above' who can read and write with understanding.

Answer: Literacy rate is defined as the total percentage of the population aged seven years or above in a specific area at a given time, who can read and write with comprehension.
In simple words: Literacy rate is the percentage of people aged 7 and up who can read and write in a given place.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorizing precise definitions of demographic terms like 'literacy rate' is important for clear and accurate responses in exams.

A: It means that, as on today's date, the literacy rate of our country is 72.2%.

B: But, Brazil had an even higher literacy rate decades back in 1981, i.e. 74.6% and it has touched 92.6 as of today (2018), which is quite commendable.

Answer: This exchange highlights that India's current literacy rate is 72.2%, while Brazil achieved a higher rate of 74.6% back in 1981, reaching 92.6% by 2018, indicating its long-standing focus on literacy.
In simple words: India's literacy is 72.2% now, but Brazil was already higher in 1981 at 74.6% and reached 92.6% by 2018, showing a significant lead.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing data points, always note specific figures and the years they correspond to for precise analysis.

A: Yes, definitely But, we have also seen a steady growth in the literacy rate of the country, especially, during the period between 1991 and 2011.

B: Still, though we are growing, we are way behind Brazil today with 72.2% because they have a much higher literacy percentage of 92.6.

Answer: This dialogue acknowledges India's steady literacy rate growth, particularly between 1991 and 2011, but emphasizes that despite this progress, India's current literacy rate of 72.2% still lags significantly behind Brazil's 92.6%.
In simple words: India's literacy rate has grown steadily, especially from 1991-2011, but at 72.2%, it's still far behind Brazil's 92.6%.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing comparative growth, it's important to mention both positive trends and existing disparities to provide a balanced view.

A: What measures can be adopted to increase the literacy rate of our country?

B: We can make people aware of the need and importance of education, help in teaching them, introducing various literacy campaigns by making use of free calls, free sms services, etc.

Answer: To increase literacy, it's crucial to raise awareness about education's importance, provide teaching support, and launch literacy campaigns utilizing accessible methods like free calls and SMS services.
In simple words: To boost literacy, we should inform people about education, offer teaching help, and use free calls/SMS for campaigns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Suggesting practical and widely accessible measures, especially those leveraging technology, can demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of educational strategies.

Question 3. Study the indices of density maps of both the countries. What difference do you find? What conclusions can you draw?
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में जनसंख्या घनत्व को दर्शाने वाले दो सामान्य आरेख (a) और (b) दिखाए गए हैं। प्रत्येक आरेख एक वर्ग किलोमीटर क्षेत्र का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है, जिसमें एक आइकन 80 व्यक्तियों का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। आरेख (a) में कम व्यक्तियों के आइकन हैं, जो कम जनसंख्या घनत्व वाले क्षेत्र को दर्शाते हैं, जबकि आरेख (b) में अधिक व्यक्तियों के आइकन हैं, जो अधिक जनसंख्या घनत्व वाले क्षेत्र को दर्शाते हैं।
Answer:
(i) India's density of population is proportionately catered while Brazil's density of population is concentrated only on the eastern coast.
(ii) After studying the indices of the density maps of both the countries, we can conclude that India's population density is much higher than that of Brazil.
(iii) The lowest value on the map of India indicates less than 100 whereas on the Brazil map it is less than 50.
(iv) Places in Brazil which are highest in density is grouped in the category of more than 300 people' per sq. km. whereas in India it is more than 500 persons per sq. km.
In simple words: India's population is spread out more evenly, while Brazil's is mostly on its eastern coast. India has a much higher overall population density compared to Brazil, with even its lowest density areas being higher than Brazil's lowest density areas, and its highest density areas being much higher than Brazil's.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing two countries, always highlight specific numerical differences or regional concentrations to support your conclusions effectively.

Question 4. Considering the above discussion, what should be done so that our manpower is utilized properly, sex ratio improves and population growth is controlled? Write two to three sentences on each.
Answer:
(i) Measures to utilise man power properly:
• Good education, health and training facilities are the basic requirements to improve human resources.
• The focus of education should not just be to chum out jobseekers but also to chum out job creators.
• The young population should be encouraged to be entrepreneurs.
In simple words: To use human resources well, focus on good education, health, and skill training, encouraging youth to become job creators and entrepreneurs, not just job seekers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Providing practical, multi-faceted solutions that address both education and entrepreneurship demonstrates a holistic understanding of human resource development.

(ii) Measures to improve sex ratio:
• Build an environment to save and protect the girl child.
• Ban sex determination test.
In simple words: To improve sex ratio, create a safe environment for girl children and strictly ban sex determination tests.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing sensitive social issues, suggesting measures that promote both protection and legal enforcement is crucial.

(iii) Measures to control population growth:
• Family planning measures to be encouraged through media.
• Spread of education among illiterate masses, especially about the benefits of having a small family.
• Child marriage should be strictly prohibited.
In simple words: To control population, promote family planning via media, educate illiterate communities about small family benefits, and strictly ban child marriage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on a combination of awareness, education, and legal interventions for effective population control strategies.

TRY THIS

Age and Sex Pyramid:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 2016 के लिए ब्राजील और भारत के आयु-लिंग पिरामिडों को दर्शाता है। प्रत्येक पिरामिड अलग-अलग आयु समूहों में पुरुषों और महिलाओं के प्रतिशत को प्रस्तुत करता है, जिससे दोनों देशों की जनसंख्या संरचना की तुलना की जा सके। यह पिरामिड युवा, वयस्क और वृद्ध जनसंख्या के वितरण को समझने में मदद करते हैं।

Question 1. What is this figure called? What is it always known as?
Answer: The figure is called the Age-Sex Pyramid. It is also known as Population Pyramid.
In simple words: This figure is known as an Age-Sex Pyramid or Population Pyramid.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing alternative terms for demographic tools like 'Age-Sex Pyramid' (Population Pyramid) is good for vocabulary and comprehensive understanding.

Question 2. What does the graph depict?
Answer: The graph depicts the percentage of male and female population of various age groups in Brazil & India for the year 2016.
In simple words: The graph shows the percentage of males and females in different age groups for Brazil and India in 2016.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly identifying the subject matter (male/female population, age groups, specific countries, and year) is vital when describing a graph.

Question 3. In which country is the proportion of adults more?
Answer: The proportion of adults is comparatively more in India.
In simple words: India has a higher proportion of adults.

🎯 Exam Tip: Quick comparative analysis from visual data is a useful skill. Always verify with the graph before stating your answer.

Question 4. 'This country's population is getting slowly older'. Which country is being referred to? Why?
Answer: 'This country's population is getting slowly older – The country being referred to is Brazil. As compared to India, a larger percentage of Brazil's population falls in the above 60 years age group. So it is said that Brazil's population is getting slowly older.
In simple words: Brazil's population is getting older because a higher percentage of its people are above 60 years old compared to India.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked 'why', always provide a specific reason or data point (like a larger percentage in an older age group) to justify your answer.

Question 5. In which country are the number of children comparatively more?
Answer: The proportion of children is comparatively more in India.
In simple words: India has more children.

🎯 Exam Tip: Direct observation of the base of age-sex pyramids (which represents younger age groups) helps answer questions about child population proportions.

Question 6. While comparing the age-sex pyramids, which pyramid has a broader base?
Answer: While comparing the age-sex pyramids, India's pyramid has a broader base.
In simple words: India's age-sex pyramid has a broader base.

🎯 Exam Tip: A broader base on an age-sex pyramid indicates a higher proportion of younger individuals, suggesting higher birth rates and potential future population growth.

USE YOUR BRAIN POWER

Question 1. Is there a relationship between increase in life expectancy and growth of population? How?
Answer:
(i) Yes, there is a relationship between increase in life expectancy and growth of population.
(ii) Increased life expectancy means there are more people who live longer, which means healthier and better quality of life.
(iii) This kind of population generally prefers fewer children which leads to decreased birth rates.
In simple words: Yes, increased life expectancy means people live longer and are healthier. This often leads to families having fewer children, which can slow down population growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining cause-and-effect relationships, always break down the process into logical steps to show a clear connection between the variables.

Question 2. If the proportion of dependent age groups increases in the composition of population, how will it affect the economy of a country?
Ans.
(i) If the proportion of dependent age groups increases in the composition of population, it will have an adverse effect on the economy of a country.
(ii) The reason is if the working population is less, the economic activities will reduce and will have a direct impact on the economic growth and development of that nation.
(iii) The production will decrease in comparison to consumption leading to inflation also the per capita income and GDP will decrease.
(iv) Export will reduce and imports will increase.
(v) The proportion of the working population will increase, slowing down the pace of development.
In simple words: If there are more dependents and fewer working-age people, a country's economy will suffer. Economic activities will slow down, leading to less production, potential inflation, lower income per person, decreased GDP, and a rise in imports over exports, thus hindering development.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing economic impacts, consider multiple angles such as production, consumption, trade, and overall development indicators like GDP and per capita income.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Population Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements:

 

Question 1. The __________ aspects of a population are important for a nation's economic and social progress.
(a) quantitative
(b) qualitative
(c) measurable
(d) calculable
Answer: (b) qualitative
In simple words: The qualitative aspects of a population, like education and health, are crucial for a country's economic and social improvement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "qualitative" refers to the characteristics and quality of the population, which are key drivers of true progress, beyond just numbers.

 

Question 2. India is the __________ most populous country in the world.
(a) second
(b) fifth
(c) seventh
(d) sixth
Answer: (a) second
In simple words: India holds the position of being the second most populous country globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing India's global rank in population is a fundamental fact for geography exams. Always recall the most recent data if specified.

 

Question 3. Due to farming, industries and trade, the proportion of the population got in __________ a few places.
(a) distributed
(b) sparse
(c) concentrated
(d) equal
Answer: (c) concentrated
In simple words: Farming, industries, and trade cause people to gather and live in specific areas, leading to concentrated populations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Economic activities like farming, industry, and trade are major pull factors for population, leading to density and concentration in specific regions.

 

Question 4. In mountainous / hilly regions, dry desert areas and densely forested areas, population density is __________ because of inaccessibility, absence of facilities and tough life.
(a) high
(b) very high
(c) sparse
(d) moderate
Answer: (c) sparse
In simple words: Population is thin in mountains, deserts, and dense forests because these areas are hard to reach, lack resources, and make life difficult.

🎯 Exam Tip: Environmental factors like difficult terrain, extreme climate, and lack of resources are significant push factors that lead to sparse population density.

 

Question 5. Brazil is the __________ populated country in the continent of South America.
(a) second most
(b) third most
(c) fifth most
(d) most
Answer: (d) most
In simple words: Brazil has the largest population among all countries in South America.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying key demographic facts about countries, such as their population status within their continent, is important for geographical understanding.

 

Question 6. With a population of around 19 crores, according to Census 2010, Brazil ranks __________ in the world.
(a) 3rd
(b) 5th
(c) 7th
(d) 9th
Answer: (b) 5th
In simple words: In 2010, Brazil's population of about 19 crores made it the 5th largest in the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Factual recall of population ranks and census years is essential. Ensure you differentiate between area and population rankings if both are relevant.

 

Question 7. With respect to area, Brazil stands __________ in the world.
(a) 3rd
(b) 5th
(c) 7th
(d) 9th
Answer: (b) 5th
In simple words: Brazil is ranked fifth globally based on its total land area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep separate track of a country's ranking by population versus by geographical area, as they can differ significantly.

 

Question 8. A majority of Brazilians have concentrated within 300 kilometers of the __________.
(a) Guyana highlands
(b) Amazon river,
(c) Eastern coastal areas
(d) Pantanal wetlands
Answer: (c) Eastern coastal areas
In simple words: Most of Brazil's population lives within 300 kilometers of the eastern coast.

🎯 Exam Tip: Geographical factors like fertile plains, access to sea, and favorable climate often lead to high population concentration in coastal regions.

 

Question 9. The interior of the Amazon basin is __________ populated.
(a) densely
(b) moderately
(c) highly
(d) very sparsely
Answer: (d) very sparsely
In simple words: The inner parts of the Amazon basin have very few people living there.

🎯 Exam Tip: Harsh environmental conditions such as dense forests, heavy rainfall, and limited infrastructure contribute to very sparse populations in regions like the Amazon basin.

 

Question 10. The central and western parts of Brazil is __________ populated.
(a) densely
(b) sparsely
(c) moderately
(d) less
Answer: (d) less
In simple words: The central and western regions of Brazil are less populated.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding regional population distribution within a country is important. Factors like climate, terrain, and economic opportunities influence these patterns.

 

Question 11. The density of population in the __________ of Brazil is moderate.
(a) Amazon Basin
(b) coastal lowlands
(c) highlands
(d) forested areas
Answer: (c) highlands
In simple words: Brazil's highland areas have a moderate population density.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Moderate' population density usually indicates areas with some favorable conditions for settlement but not as ideal as coastal plains or fertile river basins.

 

Question 12. In India, there has been a __________ in the sex ratio, after 1991.
(a) decrease
(b) slight increase
(c) consistency
(d) steep increase
Answer: (b) slight increase
In simple words: Since 1991, India has seen a small rise in its sex ratio.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific trends over time, like changes in sex ratio after a particular year, are important for understanding demographic shifts and related policies.

 

Question 13. The proportion of __________ in India is more.
(a) middle-aged people
(b) old people
(c) children
(d) youth
Answer: (d) youth
In simple words: India has a larger proportion of young people in its population.

🎯 Exam Tip: A high proportion of youth (demographic dividend) can be an asset for economic growth, but also presents challenges in terms of education and employment.

 

Question 14. The rate of population growth is now __________ in India.
(a) increasing
(b) declining
(c) stable
(d) stagnant
Answer: (b) declining
In simple words: India's population growth rate is currently slowing down.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between population growth (total numbers are still increasing) and population growth *rate* (the speed of increase is slowing down).

 

Question 15. It is observed that Brazil's population may not increase in the next __________ decades.
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) five
Answer: (a) two
In simple words: Brazil's population is expected to stop growing over the next two decades.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding demographic projections and their implications for a country's future is a key aspect of population studies.

 

Question 16. The eastern coastal areas of Brazil are also called the coastal __________.
(a) lowlands
(b) highlands
(c) ravines
(d) badlands
Answer: (a) lowlands
In simple words: The eastern coastal regions of Brazil are also known as coastal lowlands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Geographical terminology for specific regions of a country should be known, especially for features like coastal plains or lowlands.

 

Question 17. In most of the developing countries life expectancy is still less, but with socio economic development it is __________.
(a) decreasing
(b) increasing
(c) gradually declining
(d) steeply increasing
Answer: (b) increasing
In simple words: While life expectancy is low in developing countries, it tends to increase with socio-economic development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the positive correlation between socio-economic development and improved health indicators like life expectancy in developing nations.

Match the columns:

S.No	Column 'A'	Column 'B'
(1)	Coastal lowlands	(a) sparsely populated
(2)	Amazon Basin interior	(b) moderately populated
(3)	Highlands	(c) densely populated (within 300 kms. of the area)

Answer:
1-c
2-a
3-b
In simple words: Coastal lowlands are densely populated, the Amazon Basin interior is sparsely populated, and Highlands are moderately populated.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always understand the geographical reasons behind population distribution patterns (e.g., fertile land for dense population, harsh climate for sparse population).

Answer the following questions in one or two sentence.

 

Question 1. According to Census 2011, what is India's population and how much is its average population density?
Answer: According to Census 2011 India's population is around 121 crores, and its average population density is 382 persons per sq. km.
In simple words: As per the 2011 Census, India's population was about 121 crores, with an average density of 382 people per square kilometer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurate recall of specific census figures and units (crores, persons per sq. km) is crucial for factual questions.

 

Question 2. What percentage of the total land area of the world is occupied by India and Brazil?
Answer: India occupies only 2.41% of the land area of the world, whereas Brazil occupies 5.6% of the world's total land area.
In simple words: India accounts for 2.41% of the world's land, while Brazil occupies 5.6%.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing these percentages helps contextualize each country's geographical size relative to the global landmass.

 

Question 3. What is the difference in the percentage of the world population supported by India and Brazil?
Answer: India supports 17.5% of the world's population, whereas Brazil supports 2.78% of the world's total population. The difference is 14.72% (India has a large population than Brazil)
In simple words: India supports 17.5% of the world's population, while Brazil supports 2.78%. The difference is 14.72%, showing India has a much larger share of the global population.

🎯 Exam Tip: When presenting differences, always state both figures and then the calculated difference for completeness and clarity.

 

Question 4. According to Census 2010, what is the total population of Brazil and what is its average population density?
Answer: According to Census 2010, Brazil's total population is around 19 crores and its average population density is 23 persons per sq. km.
In simple words: In 2010, Brazil had about 19 crores people, with an average of 23 people per square kilometer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the specific census year mentioned, as population figures and densities change over time.

 

Question 5. What is sex ratio?
Answer: Sex ratio means, the number of females per 1000 males in a region.
In simple words: Sex ratio is how many females there are for every 1000 males in an area.

🎯 Exam Tip: The definition of sex ratio is fundamental; remember it is typically expressed as females per 1000 males.

 

Question 6. What is a population pyramid?
Answer: A population pyramid, also called age-sex pyramid, is a graphical illustration that shows the age and sek/gender related aspects of various age groups in a population.
In simple words: A population pyramid is a graph that visually shows the age and gender distribution of people in different age groups within a population.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding that a population pyramid graphically represents age and sex distribution is key to interpreting demographic structures.

 

Question 7. How is the population pyramid useful? OR State the uses of a population pyramid.
Answer:
• The population pyramid is used to study the age and sex related aspects of a region's population
• We can know the number/percentage of various age groups of males and females in a country.
• It also helps us to know the proportion of children, youth and old people in a country.
In simple words: Population pyramids help us understand a region's age and gender structure, including the percentages of children, youth, and elderly, by showing the number of males and females in different age groups.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the main insights provided by a population pyramid: age structure, gender balance, and the proportion of dependent vs. working populations.

 

Question 8. What is life expectancy?
Answer: Life expectancy means the average number of years, a person born in a country is expected to live.
In simple words: Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is predicted to live in a certain country.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a core demographic term; ensure you can define it accurately, emphasizing it's an *average* and an *expectation* at birth.

 

Question 9. Which factors lead to an increase in average life expectancy?
Answer: Improvement in medical facilities, progress in the medical field and access to nutritious food lead to an increase in average life expectancy.
In simple words: Better medical facilities, advances in healthcare, and access to good food all help people live longer on average.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing factors, link them logically to health and well-being, such as medical care and nutrition, which directly impact lifespan.

Name the following:

 

Question 1. Indian cities that are densely populated.
Answer: Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru, Chennai.
In simple words: Major Indian cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru, and Chennai have high population densities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to list prominent cities that are known for their high population density in India.

 

Question 2. Factors that play an important role in the distribution of population.
Answer: Physiography and climate.
In simple words: The land features (physiography) and weather patterns (climate) are key factors influencing where people live.

🎯 Exam Tip: Physiography (terrain, soil, water bodies) and climate (temperature, rainfall) are fundamental geographical factors determining human settlement patterns.

 

Question 3. Factors due to which human settlements have been established for many centuries.
Answer: Fertile land, plain land and availability of water.
In simple words: For centuries, people settled in areas with fertile soil, flat land, and readily available water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Historical settlement patterns are strongly linked to basic survival needs: fertile land for agriculture, flat land for construction, and water for sustenance.

 

Question 4. Factors due to which population got concentrated in a few places, in India.
Answer: Farming, industries and trade.
In simple words: Farming, industries, and trade are the main reasons why India's population is concentrated in certain areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Economic opportunities are powerful magnets for population concentration, leading to the development of urban and industrial centers.

 

Question 5. Areas which have sparse population density in India.
Answer: Mountainous / hilly regions, dry desert areas, dense forest areas.
In simple words: India has few people living in its mountainous, desert, and dense forest regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify geographical features that present challenges to human habitation, leading to low population density.

 

Question 6. Factors due to which population density is sparse in a few areas.
Answer: Inaccessibility, absence of facilities and tough life.
In simple words: Areas have few people because they are hard to reach, lack basic services, and make life difficult.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that physical barriers (inaccessibility) and lack of infrastructure/amenities contribute significantly to sparse population.

 

Question 7. The most populated country in South American.
Answer: Brazil.
In simple words: Brazil has the highest population in South America.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the most populous country within a continent is a basic geographical fact.

 

Question 8. Brazil's rank in the world with regard to population as well as land area.
Answer: Fifth.
In simple words: Brazil is ranked fifth globally in both population and land area.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's a notable fact that Brazil holds the same ranking (fifth) for both its population and its geographical size.

 

Question 9. The part of Brazil has the maximum concentration of population
Answer: Eastern coastal areas or coastal lowlands.
In simple words: The eastern coastal areas of Brazil have the most concentrated population.

🎯 Exam Tip: Coastal regions often offer favorable conditions for settlement, leading to high population density.

 

Question 10. The part of Brazil that is sparsely populated.
Answer: Amazon River Basin.
In simple words: The Amazon River Basin in Brazil has a very low population density.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that challenging environments like dense rainforests typically deter large settlements, resulting in sparse populations.

 

Question 11. The region of Brazil that is moderately populated.
Answer: The Highlands.
In simple words: Brazil's Highlands region has a moderate population.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Moderately populated' often indicates areas with some geographical or climatic advantages, but not as strong as prime settlement zones.

 

Question 12. The parts of Brazil that are less populated.
Answer: Central, western and interior of Amazon basin.
In simple words: The central, western, and interior areas of the Amazon basin in Brazil are less populated.

🎯 Exam Tip: This re-emphasizes that the interior, especially of large river basins in tropical zones, often remains sparsely populated due to geographical challenges.

 

Question 13. Out of Brazil and India, the country where men outnumber women.
Answer: India.
In simple words: In India, there are more men than women.

🎯 Exam Tip: This reflects historical and social factors in India that have led to a lower sex ratio compared to many other countries, including Brazil.

Are The Following Sentences Right Or Wrong?

Question 1. India is the fifth most populous country in the world.
Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: This statement is incorrect because India is the second most populous country in the world, not the fifth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing India's global population rank is crucial for factual geography questions.

Question 2. India's average population density is 832 persons per sq. km. as per the 2011 Census.
Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: The stated population density is incorrect; India's average population density was 382 persons per sq. km. according to the 2011 Census.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurate data recall, especially census figures, is vital for precise answers in population geography.

Question 3. Brazil is the second-most populous country in the World.
Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: Brazil is not the second-most populous country; it ranks fifth globally in terms of population.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the relative global rankings of countries for population and area when comparing them.

Question 4. Brazil ranks fifth in the world with respect to area.
Answer: Right.
In simple words: Brazil indeed holds the fifth position globally in terms of land area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Factual knowledge of country rankings by area is important for comparative geography.

Question 5. The total population of Brazil is around 91 crores.
Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: Brazil's total population is approximately 19 crores (Census 2010), not 91 crores.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the correct population figures and their units (crores, millions) for different countries.

Question 6. In Brazil and India, population is evenly distributed.
Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: The population distribution in both Brazil and India is highly uneven, with dense concentrations in some areas and sparse populations in others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding factors causing uneven population distribution is key to analyzing demographic patterns.

Question 7. The central and western part of Brazil are less populated.
Answer: Right.
In simple words: The central and western regions of Brazil, particularly the Amazon Basin, have a sparse population due to challenging geographical and climatic conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link geographical features (like the Amazon Basin) to population distribution patterns for comprehensive answers.

Question 8. The sex ratio of Brazil has been less than 1000 since centuries.
Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: Brazil's sex ratio has consistently been more than 1000, indicating more females than males, unlike the statement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall specific demographic trends like sex ratio for Brazil and India to avoid common misconceptions.

Question 9. It is observed that in Brazil, the rate of population growth is increasing.
Answer: Wrong.
In simple words: Brazil's population growth rate has been declining and is approaching zero, not increasing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between total population increase and population growth *rate* for accurate analysis.

Fill The Map With The Given Information:

Question 1. On a map of India, show the following.
1. Largest state areawise.
2. Smallest state areawise.
3. State with highest population.
4. State with lowest population.
5. State having highest density of population.
6. State having lowest density of population.
7. State having highest sex ratio.
8. State having lowest sex ratio.
9. State having highest literacy rate.
10. State having lowest literacy rate.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह भारत का एक राजनीतिक मानचित्र है जो विभिन्न राज्यों के जनसंख्या वितरण और घनत्व से संबंधित दस विशिष्ट विशेषताओं को दर्शाता है। मानचित्र पर 1 से 10 तक संख्याएँ लगाई गई हैं, जो क्रमशः राजस्थान (क्षेत्रफल में सबसे बड़ा), गोवा (क्षेत्रफल में सबसे छोटा), उत्तर प्रदेश (सर्वाधिक जनसंख्या), सिक्किम (न्यूनतम जनसंख्या), बिहार (सर्वाधिक जनसंख्या घनत्व), अरुणाचल प्रदेश (न्यूनतम जनसंख्या घनत्व), केरल (सर्वाधिक लिंगानुपात), हरियाणा (न्यूनतम लिंगानुपात), केरल (सर्वाधिक साक्षरता दर) और बिहार (न्यूनतम साक्षरता दर) को इंगित करती हैं। यह मानचित्र छात्रों को भारत के जनसांख्यिकीय पैटर्न को समझने में मदद करता है।
In simple words: The map of India would visually represent various demographic characteristics for different states, such as the largest and smallest states by area, states with highest/lowest population, density, sex ratio, and literacy rates, using specific indicators.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practicing map-filling questions helps in associating geographical locations with their demographic data. Ensure clear and correct labeling.

Question 2. On a map of Brazil, show the following.
1. Largest state areawise.
2. Smallest state areawise.
3. State with highest population.
4. State with lowest population.
5. State having highest density of population,
6. State having lowest density of population.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह ब्राजील का एक राजनीतिक मानचित्र है जो विभिन्न राज्यों की जनसंख्या विशेषताओं को दर्शाता है। मानचित्र पर 1 से 6 तक संख्याएँ लगाई गई हैं, जो क्रमशः अमेज़ॅानस (क्षेत्रफल में सबसे बड़ा), सर्जिपे (क्षेत्रफल में सबसे छोटा), साओ पाउलो (सर्वाधिक जनसंख्या), रोरैमा (न्यूनतम जनसंख्या), रियो डी जनेरियो (सर्वाधिक जनसंख्या घनत्व) और रोरैमा (न्यूनतम जनसंख्या घनत्व) को इंगित करती हैं। यह मानचित्र ब्राजील के राज्यों के बीच जनसंख्या वितरण और घनत्व के अंतर को समझने में सहायता करता है।
In simple words: This question requires identifying and marking specific states on a map of Brazil based on their area, population, and population density rankings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarity with the states of Brazil and their demographic features is essential for accurately completing map-based tasks.

Give Geographical Reasons:

Question 1. In India, population is very unevenly distributed.
Answer:
(i) In India, population is very unevenly distributed.
(ii) Physiography and climate play an important role in the distribution of population.
(iii) Due to fertile land, plain land and availability of water, human settlements have been established in some parts for many centuries.
(iv) Due to farming, industries and trade, the proportion of the population has become concentrated in a few places.
(v) For example, the Northern Plains of the country, Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru, Chennai, etc.
(vi) On the contrary, in mountainous / hilly regions, dry desert areas, dense forest areas, density is sparse because of inaccessibility, absence of facilities and tough life.
In simple words: India's population is unevenly distributed because fertile plains, mild climate, water availability, and economic opportunities attract dense settlements, while mountainous, arid, or forested regions face sparse populations due to difficult terrain and lack of facilities.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining uneven distribution, always correlate physical factors (physiography, climate) with human factors (agriculture, industry, facilities).

Question 2. The distribution of population is very uneven in Brazil.
Answer:
(i) The distribution of population is very uneven in Brazil.
(ii) A majority of the Brazilians are concentrated within 300 kilometers of the eastern coastal areas also called the coastal lowlands because agriculture and industries are well developed here.
(iii) In the interior of the Amazon Basin population is very sparse due to.
(iv) Unfavourable climate, heavy rainfall, inaccessibility and dense forests which are the barriers to development of human settlements here.
(v) The central and western part of Brazil is less moderate.
In simple words: Brazil's population is unevenly distributed, with high concentration along the eastern coastal lowlands due to developed agriculture and industries, while the Amazon Basin's interior remains sparsely populated due to its unfavorable hot, humid climate, heavy rainfall, and dense, inaccessible forests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the contrast between the densely populated coastal regions and the sparsely populated interior (Amazon Basin) in Brazil's population distribution explanation.

Question 3. The average life expectancy in India is increasing.
Answer:
(i) Earlier the average life expectancy in India was low due to, lack of medical facilities which lead to high incidence of diseases and epidemics like chicken pox, malaria, cholera, etc.
(ii) Today with improvement in access to medical facilities and improvement in technology, diseases and epidemics are controlled.
(iii) Also today people in India have an improved standard of living, they eat nutritious food and there is awareness of good health.
All this has led to increase in average life expectancy in India.
In simple words: India's average life expectancy is increasing due to significant improvements in medical facilities, disease control through technology, better access to nutritious food, and increased public awareness about health, leading to a higher quality of life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on healthcare advancements, improved nutrition, and public health awareness as primary drivers for increased life expectancy.

Question 4. In north-eastern India, sparse distribution of population is found.
Answer:
(i) North East India comprises of dense forests and uneven topography.
(ii) There exist unfavourable climatic conditions in this part.
(iii) There is less development of transport, communication and industries here.
So, in north-eastern India, sparse distribution of population is found.
In simple words: The northeastern part of India has a sparse population because of its dense forests, rugged terrain, unfavorable climate, and underdeveloped infrastructure for transport, communication, and industries, making human settlement difficult.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect challenging geographical features (dense forests, uneven terrain) and lack of development (transport, industry) directly to sparse population distribution.

Question 5. In India, number of men outnumber women. Is this condition found in all the states of India?
Answer: In India, men outnumber women, on an average. But in Kerala women outnumber men. Sex Ratio of Kerala is 1084 females per 1000 males (2011 Census).
In simple words: While men generally outnumber women in India, this is not universal across all states; Kerala is a notable exception where women outnumber men, as evidenced by its higher sex ratio (1084 females per 1000 males in 2011).

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific examples (like Kerala) to illustrate exceptions to general demographic trends in India.

Question 6. Explain the reasons of low sex ratio in India.
Answer: Some of the reasons for lower sex ratio in any region are:
• Illiteracy: Narrow mindedness and lack of education leads to gender bias in the society.
• Preference for a male child : There is preference of a boy child over a girl child. Nutrition to girls is ignored.
• Poverty: Povertystruck families do not prefer a girl child as they consider female child a burden due to practices like dowry prevalent in the society.
• Female foeticide and female infanticide: Female foeticide and female infanticide are on the rise due to the wrong use of modem technology.
• Maternity deaths: Higher maternity deaths have lowered the sex ratio.
In simple words: Low sex ratio in India is primarily caused by societal gender bias rooted in illiteracy and preference for male children, poverty leading to discrimination against girls, misuse of modern technology for female foeticide and infanticide, and higher rates of maternal mortality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize reasons for low sex ratio into social (illiteracy, gender bias), economic (poverty, dowry), and health-related (foeticide, infanticide, maternal deaths) for a comprehensive answer.

Question 7. Explain – The growth rate of population in India is decreasing but population is increasing.
Answer:
(i) Growth rate of population is calculated on the basis of difference between birth rate and death rate.
(ii) Earlier the difference between birth rate and death rate was high, so the growth rate was high.
(iii) Today the growth rate is decreasing because the difference between birth rate and death rate is not as high as it was earlier.
So it is said that in India the growth rate of population is decreasing, but the population is increasing.
In simple words: In India, the population growth rate is decreasing because the gap between birth and death rates is narrowing compared to earlier times, but the total population is still increasing because the growth rate, though declining, remains positive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between 'growth rate' (rate of change) and 'total population' (absolute number) to accurately explain this demographic paradox.

Question 8. Explain the uneven distribution of population in India.
Answer:
(i) Dense population is found in regions with mild climate and moderate rainfall. E.g. the northern plain as well as the coastal plains of India
(ii) Places with heavy rainfall, inaccessibility and dense forests have low population. E.g. north eastern states in India.
(iii) The snow covered regions due to extremely cold climatic conditions have less population. E.g. the northernmost part of Jammu & Kashmir.
(iv) In certain regions, due to less rainfall and extreme climatic conditions population is sparse. E.g. westernmost part of India in the Thar desert, Rajasthan.
(v) Moderate population is found in the plateau regions of Narmada valley.
In simple words: India's population distribution is uneven; dense in fertile plains and coastal areas with mild climate and water, sparse in heavy rainfall/dense forest regions, snow-covered areas, and deserts, and moderate in plateau regions, all influenced by climate, physiography, and accessibility.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide diverse examples from different geographical zones of India (plains, mountains, deserts, coasts) to illustrate uneven population distribution effectively.

Try This

Population Growth Rate Graphs:

Question 1. What is the common feature in both the graphs?
Answer: Both the graphs are indicating a downward trend in population growth rate of Brazil and India.
In simple words: The common feature in both graphs is a continuous decline in the population growth rate for both Brazil and India over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing graphs, identify the general trend (upward, downward, stable) first before noting specific details.

Question 2. What is India's growth rate of population in 2011?
Answer: India's population growth rate in 2011 is 1.5%.
In simple words: Based on the graph, India's population growth rate in the year 2011 was 1.5%.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read graph values precisely, ensuring you match the correct year with the corresponding growth rate.

Question 3. In which two decades has the population growth rate of India remained almost stable?
Answer: The population growth rate of India has remained almost stable during the two decades 1971 to 1981 and 1981 to 1991.
In simple words: India's population growth rate showed relative stability during the periods from 1971 to 1981 and again from 1981 to 1991.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify periods of plateau or minimal change on a graph to determine stability in trends.

Question 4. From which time period has Brazil seen a sharp decline in the population growth rate?
Answer: From 1980-1990, Brazil has seen a sharp decline in the population growth rate.
In simple words: Brazil experienced a significant and rapid decrease in its population growth rate during the decade between 1980 and 1990.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for steep slopes on the graph to identify periods of "sharp decline" or "sharp increase."

Question 5. What is the main point of difference between the two graphs?
Answer:
(i) In the first decade between 1961-1971 the growth rate in India showed an upward trend whereas Brazil has a downward trend throughout.
(ii) Also the decline in Brazil is more sharp but India's decline in the growth rate is marginal.
In simple words: The main difference is that India's growth rate initially rose (1961-1971) before declining marginally, while Brazil's growth rate consistently showed a sharper downward trend throughout the entire period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Compare the initial trends and the steepness of decline for both graphs to highlight the key differences effectively.

Question 6. What is the interesting feature of Brazil's growth rate of population?
Answer: The interesting feature of Brazil's population growth rate is that it is about to touch 0.0 and then will begin its negative growth rate i.e. the population will start decreasing.
In simple words: An interesting feature of Brazil's population growth rate is that it is nearing zero, implying that its population will soon begin to decline, indicating a future negative growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the implications of a growth rate approaching zero (or becoming negative) for a country's future population trends.

Observe The Figure Carefully And Answer The Following Questions Given Below.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह दो रेखांकन का एक सेट है जो ब्राजील और भारत के लिए जीवन प्रत्याशा (Life Expectancy) को वर्षों में दर्शाता है, जो 1960 से 2016 तक के दशक-वार अंतराल को कवर करता है। प्रत्येक ग्राफ में एक ऊपर की ओर झुका हुआ वक्र है, जो समय के साथ दोनों देशों में जीवन प्रत्याशा में वृद्धि को दर्शाता है। यह छात्रों को जीवन प्रत्याशा के तुलनात्मक पैटर्न को समझने में मदद करता है।

Question 1. What is the class interval of the data?
Answer: The class interval of the data is 10 years.
In simple words: The data in the graph is presented with intervals of 10 years between each measurement point.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always identify the scale and intervals on a graph to correctly interpret the data points.

Question 2. In which decade was India's life expectancy the highest?
Answer: Highest life expectancy in India was in the decade of 1960-1970.
In simple words: India's life expectancy was at its highest point during the decade spanning from 1960 to 1970.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read the graph to locate the peak value for India's life expectancy during the specified timeframes.

Question 3. In which year has the difference in the life expectancy between Brazil and India been the maximum? By how much?
Answer: In the year 1960, the difference between the life expectancy of Brazil and India has been the maximum by 13 years. (54 - 51)
In simple words: The largest difference in life expectancy between Brazil and India occurred in 1960, with a 13-year gap (Brazil: 54 years, India: 51 years).

🎯 Exam Tip: To find the maximum difference, calculate the difference between the two data series at each point and identify the largest value.

Question 4. Has the difference in life expectancy been increasing or decreasing?
Answer: During the past 36 years, i.e. from 1980 onwards, the difference between the life expectancy of Brazil and India has remained constant. It has been 7 to 8 years.
In simple words: From 1980 onwards, the difference in life expectancy between Brazil and India has remained relatively constant, fluctuating between 7 and 8 years, meaning it has neither significantly increased nor decreased.

🎯 Exam Tip: Observe the vertical distance between the two lines on the graph over time to assess whether the difference is increasing, decreasing, or constant.

Question 5. What is the similarity between both the graphs?
Answer: Both India and Brazil have experienced an increase in the life expectancy. Both the graphs indicate an upward trend continuously.
In simple words: Both graphs show that life expectancy in India and Brazil has continuously increased over the years, demonstrating an upward trend for both countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify common directional patterns (e.g., both increasing, both decreasing) to find similarities between multiple graphs.

Question 6. Is the increase in life expectancy a positive or a negative indicator of an economy? Why?
Answer: The increase in life expectancy is a positive indicator for any economy because longer the people's average age, longer is their contribution towards the growth of an economy.
In simple words: An increase in life expectancy is a positive economic indicator because it means people live longer, potentially contributing more years of productivity and experience to the economy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relate demographic indicators like life expectancy to their broader socio-economic implications for a comprehensive answer.

Based On The Figure, Observe Carefully And Answer The Questions Given Below.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह दो रेखांकन का एक सेट है जो 1981 से 2016 तक ब्राजील और भारत के लिए साक्षरता दर (Literacy Rate) को प्रतिशत में दर्शाता है, जो दशक-वार अंतराल पर आधारित है। दोनों ग्राफ ऊपर की ओर बढ़ते हुए वक्र दिखाते हैं, जो समय के साथ दोनों देशों में साक्षरता दर में लगातार वृद्धि को इंगित करता है। यह छात्रों को दोनों देशों की साक्षरता प्रगति की तुलना करने में मदद करता है।

Question 1. What do the graphs indicate?
Answer: The graphs indicate the literacy rate of India and Brazil (in percentage).
In simple words: These graphs illustrate the percentage of the population that is literate in both India and Brazil over a period of time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always state the variables and units shown on the axes to clearly describe what a graph represents.

Question 2. What is this general conclusion that you can come to, after observing both the graphs?
Answer: On observing both the graphs, we can conclude that Brazil is and has always been way ahead of India with regard to literacy rate.
In simple words: The general conclusion is that Brazil consistently maintains a significantly higher literacy rate compared to India throughout the observed period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the overall comparative position of the lines on the graph to draw a general conclusion about which country performs better.

Question 3. Which country has higher literacy rate?
Answer: Brazil has a higher literacy rate.
In simple words: According to the graphs, Brazil shows a consistently higher literacy rate than India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Directly compare the values on the y-axis for each country to determine which has a higher rate.

Question 4. What was the literacy rate of Brazil in 2011?
Answer: Brazil had a literacy rate of 91.4% in 2011.
In simple words: In the year 2011, Brazil's literacy rate was recorded at 91.4%.

🎯 Exam Tip: Locate the specific year on the x-axis and then trace up to the corresponding line and across to the y-axis for precise reading.

Question 5. What is the difference in the literacy rate of Brazil and India in 2016?
Answer: Literacy rate of Brazil and India had a difference of 20.4% (92.6 - 72.2) in 2016.
In simple words: In 2016, the literacy rate in Brazil was 92.6% and in India was 72.2%, resulting in a difference of 20.4%.

🎯 Exam Tip: Subtract the smaller value from the larger value for the given year to find the difference accurately.

Question 6. What is the difference in the literacy rate of India between the years 2001 and 2011?
Answer: The difference in the literacy rate of India is 8.3% (69.3 - 61) between the years 2001 and 2011.
In simple words: India's literacy rate increased from 61% in 2001 to 69.3% in 2011, showing an 8.3% difference over that decade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Calculate the difference for a single country across two different years by finding the individual rates and subtracting them.

10th Std Geography Questions And Answers: