Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity Solutions

Warming Up:

Chit-chat

 

Question 1. Have you ever participated in or visited a science exhibition?
Answer: Yes, last year I along with my friends participated in ward level science exhibition and selected for district level exhibition.
In simple words: Yes, I participated in a science exhibition last year and was selected for the district level.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering personal experience questions, keep your response concise and directly address the prompt.

 

Question 2. Did you observe/learn any new things there ? What are those ?
Answer: Yes, we observed and learnt a lot there.
1. Everyone was busy in his/her experiment.
2. Everyone was trying to prove something. We learnt that if we work consistently we can achieve anything in our life.
3. The pairs or groups of students were working hard together to make the exhibit successful.
In simple words: Yes, we learned a lot, observing everyone's dedication to their experiments and realizing the power of consistent effort in achieving goals.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions asking about observations, provide specific examples or categories of what was learned.

 

Question 3. "Scientists have to work very hard and make many sacrifices for years to achieve success in their experiments". Why?
Answer: Hard work is the key to success. While working on any project they forget everything around them and concentrate on the experiment while doing so they sacrifice their health, hunger, family, likes, hobbies and then only they are able to carry out the undertaken experiment and get the results of it.
In simple words: Scientists make many sacrifices because their experiments demand intense focus and hard work, requiring them to prioritize their research over personal well-being and leisure for long periods to achieve breakthroughs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the connection between hard work, sacrifice, and the ultimate achievement in scientific endeavors.

 

Question 4. What is the difference between a discovery and an invention?
Answer: Discovery is the process of finding information, a place or an object, especially for the first time. It is an act of finding something which is in existence but not known before. Invention is something that has never been made or processed before. It is something newly designed or created.
In simple words: Discovery means finding something that already exists but was previously unknown, while invention means creating something entirely new that didn't exist before.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each term and highlight the key distinguishing factor (pre-existing vs. newly created).

2. Discuss In Pairs/Groups About The Precautions One Has To Take While Working In A Science Laboratory. Write Them In The Form Of Dos And Dont's:

 

Question 1. Discuss in pairs/groups about the precautions one has to take while working in a science laboratory. Write them in the form of Dos and Dont's:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में विज्ञान प्रयोगशाला में काम करते समय बरती जाने वाली सावधानियों को 'क्या करें' और 'क्या न करें' के रूप में दर्शाया गया है। 'क्या करें' में टेस्ट ट्यूब और अन्य काँच के उपकरणों को सावधानी से संभालने की सलाह दी गई है, जबकि 'क्या न करें' में नंगे हाथों से रसायनों को न छूने की बात कही गई है।
Answer:

Dos	Don'ts
1. Handle test tubes and glass apparatus with care.	1. Don't touch chemicals with bare hands.
2. Inform the lab attendant if there is a problem.	2. Don't eat, drink, chew gum or apply cosmetics in the lab.
3. Wash your hands before you leave the lab for the day.	3. Do not work with chemical until you are sure of their safe handling.
4. Wear appropriate safety attire when in the laboratory-safety goggles, lab aprons, etc.	4. Do not use the phone or computer with gloves on your hands.

In simple words: Always handle lab equipment carefully, report issues, wash hands, and wear safety gear, while avoiding direct contact with chemicals, eating, and using phones or computers in the lab.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing safety rules, ensure a balanced representation of both positive actions (Dos) and prohibited actions (Don'ts).

2. Study The Underlined Predicate In Each Of The Sentences Below And Note The Difference:

 

Question 1. Study the underlined Predicate in each of the sentences below and note the difference:
Answer:
1. I met Debbie, [(verb (met) + noun (Debbie)]
We study Grammar, [verb (study) + noun (Grammar)]
(The object answers WHAT? or WHO? when asked to the verb.)
2. He become tired, [(verb (become) + complement (tired)]
They are hungry, [(verb (are) + complement (hungry)]
The verbs (became/are) incomplete without the words that follow (tired/hungry.) So 'tired' and 'hungry' are Complements of the verbs 'became' and 'are'.)
3. She spoke softly.
They live here.
He turned early.
(The verbs in the Predicates are followed by Adverbials since they indicate How?/Where/When the action in the verb takes place.)
Now Say whether the Predicate in the following sentence contain Object or Complement or Adverbial after the verb:
Answer:
(a) He looked upwards. Complement
(b) My brother is injured. Complement
(c) We scored a goal. Object
(d) We beat the opponents. Object
(e) She answered perfectly. Adverbial
(f) The guests arrived early. Adverbial
(g) I shall be happy. Complement
(h) You wrote the address. Object
In simple words: Predicates can contain objects (answering what/who), complements (completing the verb's meaning), or adverbials (indicating how, where, or when an action occurs).

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the function of each part of the predicate (Object, Complement, Adverbial) is crucial for accurate sentence analysis and construction.

English Workshop:

 

Question 1. Write one sentence each, why the following years were landmarks in the lives of Pierre and Marie Curie: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. 1895 - Marie and Pierre got married.
2. 1902 - Radium was discovered.
3. 1903 - The Curies along with Henry Becquerel were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of Radium and Polonium.
4. 1906 - Pierre was knocked down and killed by a horse-drawn wagon.
5. 1911 - Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize for the second time for Chemistry.
In simple words: Key years in the Curies' lives mark their marriage (1895), radium discovery (1902), first Nobel Prize (1903), Pierre's death (1906), and Marie's second Nobel Prize (1911).

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical timeline questions, accurately link each event to its specific year for full marks.

2. Complete The Web Diagram With The Qualities Of Madame Curie:

 

Question 1. Complete the web diagram with the qualities of Madame Curie:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र मैडम क्यूरी के गुणों को एक वेब आरेख के माध्यम से दर्शाता है। केंद्रीय बिंदु 'Qualities of Madame Curie' है, जिससे 'determination' (दृढ़ संकल्प) सहित विभिन्न गुण जुड़े हुए हैं। यह आरेख छात्रों को मैडम क्यूरी के व्यक्तित्व के महत्वपूर्ण पहलुओं को समझने में मदद करता है।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस वेब आरेख में मैडम क्यूरी के विभिन्न गुणों को दर्शाया गया है। केंद्रीय बिंदु 'Qualities of Madam Curie' है, जिससे 'Love for Nation' (राष्ट्र प्रेम), 'Determination' (दृढ़ संकल्प), 'Selflessness' (निस्वार्थता), 'Patience' (धैर्य), 'Perseverance' (लगन), 'Humanity' (मानवता), 'Dedication' (समर्पण), 'Passion' (जुनून), और 'Desire/Will' (इच्छाशक्ति) जैसे गुण जुड़े हुए हैं। यह आरेख मैडम क्यूरी के बहुआयामी व्यक्तित्व को स्पष्ट करता है।
In simple words: Marie Curie possessed qualities like love for nation, determination, selflessness, patience, perseverance, humanity, dedication, passion, and strong will, which were central to her character.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to complete a diagram, ensure all relevant labels are accurately placed and clearly legible.

3. Name The Following:

 

Question (a) Two discoverers of New lands.
1.
2.
Answer:
1. Columbus
2. Vasco da Gama
In simple words: Columbus and Vasco da Gama were two famous explorers who discovered new lands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall well-known historical figures associated with major geographical discoveries.

 

Question (b) Two conquerers of the peak of Mt. Everest.
1.
2.
Answer:
1. Hillary
2. Tenzing
In simple words: Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first two people to successfully conquer Mt. Everest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the names of the pioneering climbers who first ascended Mount Everest.

 

Question (c) Original name of Madame Curie.
Answer: Marja Sklowdaska
In simple words: Madame Curie's birth name was Marja Sklowdaska.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to historical details such as birth names of famous personalities.

 

Question (d) Her place of birth.
Answer: Warsaw, in Poland
In simple words: Marie Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific geographical locations related to historical figures are often tested.

 

Question (e) Subjects Marie majored in, at the University of Paris.
Answer: Physics and Mathematics.
In simple words: Marie Curie specialized in Physics and Mathematics during her studies at the University of Paris.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the academic background of scientists can highlight their intellectual foundations.

 

Question (f) Nationality of her husband Pierre:
Answer: French.
In simple words: Marie Curie's husband, Pierre, was French.

🎯 Exam Tip: Family details, especially nationality, can be important for context.

 

Question (g) Scientist who discovered the properties of uranium-
Answer: Henri Becquerel
In simple words: Henri Becquerel discovered the properties of uranium, leading to the understanding of radioactivity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the correct scientist associated with fundamental discoveries, especially in physics or chemistry.

 

Question (h) Two radioactive elements discovered by Curies-
Answer: Polonium and Radium.
In simple words: The Curies are credited with discovering the radioactive elements Polonium and Radium.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific elements that were the result of the Curies' groundbreaking research.

 

Question 4. Read the text carefully and match the incidents occured in Madam Curie's life given in table A with the years in table B.
Answer:

Incident (Table A)	Year (Table B)
1. Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium had the property where radio-active elements can give off rays which can penetrate substances that are opaque to light.	1896
2. Maria Sklodowska was born in Warsaw, Poland.	1867
3. Marie was awarded Nobel Prize.	1911
4. Curie couple discovered radium.	1902
5. Marie passed away.	1934

In simple words: This table matches key life events and scientific milestones of Marie Curie and related discoveries with their correct historical years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully cross-reference information from the provided text to accurately match events with their corresponding dates.

5. Think And Answer In Your Own Words.

 

Question (a) What common characteristics did Marie and Pierre share, as a student?
Answer: When Marie went to Sorbonne the University of Paris she spent her days in poverty. Her friend Pierre was brilliant but a poor scientist. Due to lack of money they began to work in a shabby laboratory. Being students they were brilliant scholars but poverty was an obstacle in their way.
In simple words: Both Marie and Pierre were brilliant students dedicated to science but faced the common challenge of poverty, which affected their living and working conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on identifying shared circumstances or traits, especially those that influenced their academic journey.

 

Question (b) Which of the two scientists was greater than the other? Say why.
Answer: I think Madame Curie was greater than Pierre Curie because she wanted to study in Paris but the poverty at home did not allow her to continue. But with her own efforts and confidence she could fulfil her childhood dream. Even in that condition she got married to a person who was poor. And even after his death, she did not deter and continued her work and was awarded the Nobel Prize. It shows that she was really a great human being and a scientist.
In simple words: Marie Curie demonstrated greater resilience and determination, overcoming personal poverty, continuing her work after Pierre's death, and achieving Nobel recognition through her own efforts, proving her exceptional scientific and human character.

🎯 Exam Tip: Support your opinion with specific examples of resilience, dedication, and achievements from the text.

 

Question (c) Why was the gift of a ton of pitchblende, a great stroke of luck to the Curies?
Answer: Being very expensive the Curies couldn't buy pitchblende on a large scale but when their admirer, the emperor of Austria gifted them the most precious gift of a ton of pitchblende they could do their experiment on a large scale and find out what they wanted to achieve. So it was a great stroke of luck to the Curies.
In simple words: The gift of pitchblende was crucial because its high cost prevented the Curies from buying it themselves, and this large donation allowed them to conduct extensive experiments vital to their discoveries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the practical and financial significance of the gift in advancing their scientific research.

 

Question (d) Besides the uses of Radium and Polonium mentioned in the text, in what other way do you think, it is used in the field of medicine?
Answer: Radium is used to produce radon gas which in turn, is used to treat cancer. Radiation given off by radium is sometimes used also to study the composition of metals, plastics and other material.
The alpha rays emitted by Polonium can be used to eliminate static electricity. Polonium is also used in anti-static brushes to eliminate dust on photographic film.
In simple words: In medicine, Radium is used for cancer treatment via radon gas, and Polonium's alpha rays are used in anti-static applications, though these are industrial uses beyond medicine.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between direct medical applications and other scientific/industrial uses when discussing elements like Radium and Polonium.

 

Question (e) What proves that Marie Curie was a true lover of humanity and not of wealth?
Answer: Marie Curie could have patented her discovery and earned a lot of money. But she believed in working for Science and whatever she discovered belonged to the people and not to her so in real sense she thought about humanity not money. She was a true lover of humanity and not of wealth.
In simple words: Marie Curie's decision not to patent her discoveries, instead making them freely available for the benefit of all, clearly demonstrates her dedication to humanity over personal wealth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on actions that show altruism and selflessness, particularly her choice regarding patenting her discoveries.

6. Find Words/Phrases From The Text That Are Synonyms Of The Word 'Brave':

 

Question 1. Find words/phrases from the text that are synonyms of the word 'brave':
Answer: courageous indomitable powerful
In simple words: Words from the text that mean 'brave' include courageous, indomitable, and powerful.

🎯 Exam Tip: When finding synonyms from a text, ensure the words genuinely match the intended meaning in context.

7. Read And Understand The Following Words. Find Out/Search For Proverbs/Thoughts/Quotes/ Slogans That Are Related To Each Of Them:

 

Question 1. Read and understand the following words. Find out/search for proverbs/thoughts/quotes/ slogans that are related to each of them:
Answer:
(a) Courage: Courage is the complement of fear. One with courage to laugh is master of the world. Courage is a kingdom without a crown.
(b) Strength of character: Knowledge will give you power, but weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character.
(c) Determination: A dream doesn't become reality through magic, it takes sweat, determination and hardwork. The difference between the impossible and the possible lies in a man's determination.
(d) Hard-work: Success is the result of perfection, hardwork, learning from failure, loyalty and persistence. There is simply no substitute for hardwork when it comes to achieving success.
In simple words: Courage empowers us to face challenges, strong character is built on attitude, determination transforms dreams into reality through effort, and hard work, persistence, and learning from failures are essential for success.

🎯 Exam Tip: For each term, select proverbs or quotes that best encapsulate its meaning and significance.

8. Match The Branches Of Science With What Fields They Study:

 

Question 1. Match the branches of Science with what fields they study:
Answer:
(a) Ecology - Study of living organisms and environment
(b) Geology - Study of solid earth and rocks
(c) Meteorology - Study of Atmosphere
(d) Anatomy - Study of structure and functions of the body
(e) Botany - Study of Plant-life
(f) Psychology - Study of human mind and emotions
(g) Cosmology - Study of the Universe
In simple words: This matches scientific fields like ecology, geology, meteorology, anatomy, botany, psychology, and cosmology with their respective areas of study, from living environments to the universe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately associating each branch of science with its specific area of study is key to demonstrating scientific literacy.

9. Imagine That Your School Needs Some Scientific Equipment, Apparatus And Formulae Charts For The Laboratory. Being The In-Charge Of Science Committee, Write A Letter To The Headmaster Of Your School Suggesting Him Some Scientific Equipment And Apparatus Required For Standard X Science Practicals. Take Help Of The Information Given Below To Complete Your Letter.

 

Question 1. Imagine that your school needs some Scientific equipment, apparatus and formulae charts for the laboratory. Being the in-charge of Science Committee, write a letter to the Headmaster of your school suggesting him some Scientific equipment and apparatus required for Standard X Science practicals. Take help of the information given below to complete your letter.
Sanjay Sharma
In-charge of Science Committee,
New English High School, Akola
1 January, 2018
To
The Headmaster,

Sub :
Sir/Madam,

- various experiments included in Standard X syllabus
- purpose of your requirements
- equipments, apparatus etc.
- quality and quantity
- benefits and utility
- add your own points

Thank you,

Yours obediently,
Answer:
Sanjay Sharma,
In-charge of Science Committee,
New English High School,
Akola-444 001.
1 January, 2020.

To,
The Headmaster,
New English High School,
Akola.
Subject: Requirement of scientific equipment, apparatus and formulae charts for the laboratory.

Respected sir,

With regard to learning Science content, processes and views of the nature of Science experiments play significant role in Science. As per the new syllabus, new subjects and some experiments are included in revised Science coursebooks. Experiments give immense pleasure of self-learning and observations.

The equipment and apparatus that we have been using in our Science laboratory are outdated and rarely of any use. If we bring some new, definitely it will arose interest in learning Science and doing some experiments on our own. Being in-charge of Science Committee, I request you on behalf of all students and teachers to bring following equipment and apparatus in our Science laboratory.

1. 2 compound microscope
2. 2 Hand lens
3. 6 Beakers
4. 3 Beakers Tongs
5. 3 Test Tube holder
6. Thermometer
7. Safety goggles-6
8. 6 funnels
9. 1 microwave oven
10. 2 pipette
11. Graduated Cylinder
12. Vernier Calliper
13. Meters
14. Compass
15. Stop clock

You are well aware that due to lack of equipment our Science teachers can't conduct some experiments in the lab.
Hope you will understand our difficulty and buy the listed equipment and apparatus as early as possible so that the subject of Science can be well understood by doing various experiments in the laboratory.
Anticipating your valuable help in this respect.

Thanking you,

Yours obediently,
Sanjay Sharma
In-charge of Science Committee.
In simple words: This formal letter from the Science Committee In-charge requests the Headmaster to procure new scientific equipment and charts for the Standard X practicals, explaining the need due to outdated current resources and the importance for effective learning.

🎯 Exam Tip: A well-structured formal letter includes proper salutations, clear subject, concise body paragraphs detailing the request and its justification, and a polite closing.

 

Question 1. 'There is no short-cut to success'. Expand this maxim with a suitable introduction, body, examples and conclusion. Write it in your notebook in about 20 lines.
Answer: 'There is no Short-cut to Success.'
It is often said that success requires hardwork and great diligence as well as commitment. This makes success a long-term achievement. Everybody thinks that there are some easier ways to live life, no need to work hard for livelihood but the truth is that easier ways are always the toughest ways. Most of us forget that for reaching success, the road is not strewn with roses. Success is an achievement by constant diligence and most of us lack the essential quality, diligence. The magic of hardwork and perseverance cannot be underestimated.
Most of the time it happens that we start our efforts but soon lose heart half-way and give up our efforts and thus fail to reach the pinnacle of success. If we have the confidence in our efforts, there is nothing that can deter us from achieving. Sitting in front of Television and watching the shopping network channel, fascinating over the new-miracle making abs machine which promises you the six- pack abs only in 5 minutes of daily exercises, you think that product is heaven sent, so you grab your phone book the order and start dreaming about your perfect body. Two months later,
In simple words: Success fundamentally stems from hard work, diligence, and commitment, not from seeking easy ways, as shortcuts often lead to incomplete efforts and failure to achieve true goals.

🎯 Exam Tip: When expanding on a maxim, ensure a clear introduction, provide logical arguments and examples in the body, and conclude by reinforcing the main idea effectively.

Language Study

Question 1.Pick out the Prefixes and Suffixes from the following words and find the root word:

Word	Prefix	Suffix	Root Word
1. unattainable	un	able	attain
2. indomitable	in	able	-
3. disheartening	dis	ing	hearten
4. incalculable	in	able	calculate
5. disconsolate	dis	ate	console
6. ensuring	en	ing	sure

Answer:

Word	Prefix	Suffix	Root Word
1. unattainable	un	able	attain
2. indomitable	in	able	-
3. disheartening	dis	ing	hearten
4. incalculable	in	able	calculate
5. disconsolate	dis	ate	console
6. ensuring	en	ing	sure

In simple words: This table categorizes words by breaking them down into their prefix, suffix, and core root word to understand their structure and meaning. It's a fundamental exercise in word formation and vocabulary building.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to identifying the correct root word after stripping prefixes and suffixes, as this often reveals the core meaning of the term.

Question 2.Say whether the Predicates in the sentences below contain Objects/Complements/Adverbials:

Answer:
(a) Madame Curie discovered radium. – Object
(b) Pierre was knocked down. – Complement
(c) Pitchblende was expensive. – Complement
(d) The couple took a flat. – Object
(e) They moved cautiously, success came finally. – AdverbialIn simple words: This question asks to classify the part of the predicate that completes the verb's meaning: an object receives the action, a complement renames or describes the subject, and an adverbial describes how, when, or where the action happens.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the function of objects, complements, and adverbials is crucial for analyzing sentence structure and meaning in grammar questions.

Question (B)Pick out the Conjunctions in the following sentences and say whether they are Subordinators or Coordinators.

Answer:
(a) There are women who show extreme courage. – who – subordinator
(b) Pitchblende was an extremely expensive substance, so they could not afford to buy. - so-subordinator
(c) After her daily household work, Marie settled down to studv. – After-subordinator
(d) Marie wanted to study in Paris but her father could not afford it. – but-coordinator
(e) History is full of chapters that tell of extraordinary people! – that-subordinatorIn simple words: This exercise identifies conjunctions in sentences and classifies them as either subordinators (which connect a dependent clause to an independent clause) or coordinators (which connect grammatically equal elements).

🎯 Exam Tip: Correctly identifying subordinators and coordinators is vital for constructing complex and compound sentences and ensures grammatical accuracy.

Live English!

Question (a)What is Blogging?

Answer:The term blog is short for web log. It is an online public diary which lists each diary entry in reverse order so that new diary entries are placed on the top of the page, and older entries are placed below. Each entry is called a post.In simple words: Blogging is like keeping an online diary or journal, where new posts appear first, and each entry is called a post.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests your basic understanding of digital communication terms; define clearly and concisely.

Question (b)Who Blogs?

Answer:Anyone can create a blog, if they have a basic understanding of the way the software works. There are privately owned blogs on individual webpages, which require a little knowledge about creating webpages, but there are also blog creation services which allow you to quickly and easily set up your own blog. You can add posts as often as you like, and can say almost anything that you want. Blogs are created for a lot of different reasons, and by many different people.In simple words: Anyone can blog, whether it's on a personal website with some technical knowledge or by using easy-to-set-up blog creation services, allowing diverse individuals to share their thoughts and content.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing who can blog, highlight the accessibility of blogging platforms for a broad audience, not just tech-savvy individuals.

Question (c)What Are Blogs About?

Answer:There are many topics that a blog may contain, depending on who is updating it and why. Many blogs provide news or comment in response to a particular subject, like local news, politics or even hobbies. Food blogs are popular for people who want to share recipes, and many political activists and writers have blogs which are used to respond to current political topics. Many blogs also function as personal online diaries.In simple words: Blogs can be about almost anything, from personal diaries to news, politics, hobbies like food, or specific subjects, reflecting the diverse interests of their creators.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the wide variety of topics blogs cover, ranging from personal to professional, to show comprehensive understanding.

Question (d)Blog Classification

Answer:A blog is usually textual, based on news and commentary, although there are other types of blogs which are gaining popularity. Artlogs are blogs which focus on art, Photoblogs focus on photography, Sketch- blogs focus on sketching, and so on. There are also a few specialised types of blogs, including Vblogging or video blogging, and Podcasting or audio blogging.In simple words: Blogs are mainly text-based but can be classified by their media, such as artlogs for art, photoblogs for photography, and vlogging or podcasting for video and audio content.

🎯 Exam Tip: When classifying blogs, distinguish between general textual blogs and specialized multimedia formats like artlogs, photoblogs, vlogging, and podcasting.

Question (e)Creating a Blog on the Internet

Answer:If you have a good understanding of webpage design and development, you may be able to create your own blog on a personal website. Otherwise, your best option is to choose a website that does the setting up for you, so that all you have to do is join, customise a little and begin to write. There are many blog websites like www.livejournal.com, www.wordpress.com, www.blogger.com or www.blogs.myspace.com which will allow you to quickly and easily create your own blog. They also give you the option to set controls so that you can choose to allow only friends or only yourself to read them.In simple words: You can create a blog by designing your own website if you know web development, or more easily by using popular blog services like WordPress or Blogger that handle the technical setup and offer privacy controls.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight both the custom website creation and the user-friendly platform options when explaining how to create a blog.

Question (f)Blog Popularity

Answer:Blogs are becoming more and more popular for many reasons. This is because they offer a wealth of information on a lot of different topics. They also drive traffic to websites by attracting new visitors with interesting blog column commentary. Blogs are a great tool because they allow anyone to express themselves on the Internet. If you are looking for a way to express yourself online, or to share information regarding a favourite subject of yours, beginning your own blog may be the best option for you because everyone has an opinion on the Internet, and soon everyone will have their own personal weblog too.In simple words: Blogs are popular because they provide diverse information, attract website traffic, and offer an accessible platform for anyone to express their opinions and share knowledge online.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on information sharing, website traffic generation, and personal expression as key factors contributing to blog popularity.

Now with the help of your teacher create your own Blog on one of the following given topics.

1. Your experiences and recently celebrated birthday party.
2. Your expectations from the school.
3. Describe the surroundings of your residence.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र ब्लॉगिंग करते समय अपनाई जाने वाली 'क्या करें' (Dos) और 'क्या न करें' (Don'ts) की सूची प्रस्तुत करता है। 'क्या करें' खंड अच्छे व्यवहार को मॉडल करने, नवीन कार्य को बढ़ावा देने, विचारोत्तेजक सामग्री पोस्ट करने और दूसरों को प्रेरित करने जैसे सकारात्मक दिशानिर्देशों को रेखांकित करता है। 'क्या न करें' खंड में नकली होने, बहुत बार पोस्ट करने, अपनी पोस्ट को पसंद न करने, अत्यधिक जानकारी साझा करने या अपमानजनक भाषा का उपयोग करने से बचने जैसी चेतावनियाँ शामिल हैं।

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated To Science And Humanity Additional Important Questions And Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.Write the importance of the years. (Answers are directly given.)

Answer:
1. 1867-Marie Curie was born.
2. 1895-Marie and Pierre got married.In simple words: This question asks for key events associated with specific years in Marie Curie's life, highlighting her birth and marriage.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical events, precise dates and their associated happenings are essential for accurate recall.

Question 2.State whether the following statements are True or False:

Answer:
1. Pitchblende is a black, very hard and cheap substance – False
2. Men could see many substances through the powerful rays of Uranium. – True
3. The emperor of Austria gifted a ton of pitchblende to the Curies – True
4. The Curies sacrificed all their luxuries of life to save money to buy pitchblende. - TrueIn simple words: This question checks understanding of facts about pitchblende, uranium, the Curies' sacrifices, and a gift from the Austrian emperor, by asking to determine if statements are true or false.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accuracy in distinguishing factual information from misstatements is crucial for scoring well in true/false questions; review the text carefully.

Name The Following:

Question 1.An admirer of the Curies.

Answer:The emperor of Austria.In simple words: This question asks to identify the specific person who admired the Curies mentioned in the text.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific factual recall is key here; ensure you remember names and titles mentioned in the text.

Question 2.A black, very hard and expensive substance-

Answer:Pitchblende.In simple words: This question asks to name the substance described by its physical properties and high cost.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a question describes characteristics, identify the specific object or substance that matches all given traits.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.What qualities do great achievers possess?

Answer:Great achievers possess qualities like commitment, courage, dedication and singleness of purpose in their effort.In simple words: Great achievers are characterized by strong commitment, bravery, dedication, and a focused goal in their pursuits.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing qualities, use precise descriptive adjectives and nouns that reflect the depth of character required for great achievements.

Question 2.What information do you get about Marie's early life?

Answer:Marie was born in a poor family. Her childhood dream was to study Science in Paris but her father could not afford the expenses for this. So she worked as a governess and saved a little money and went to Sorbonne, the University of Paris to study science. Thus she worked hard in her childhood to fulfil her dream.In simple words: Marie Curie came from a poor family, had a childhood dream of studying science in Paris, and worked as a governess to save money to pursue her education at Sorbonne.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about early life, include details about family background, aspirations, and the challenges faced to achieve those dreams.

Question 3.What are the signs of poverty suffered by the young couple?

Answer:The young couple was very poor indeed. They started their journey from a shabby laboratory. They took a flat in Paris which contained hardly any furniture. Marie used to work and settle down to study in laboratory in a wooden shed near their flat. It had a leaky skylight and an earthen floor. All these things are the signs of poverty suffered by the young couple.In simple words: The Curies' poverty was evident in their shabby laboratory, a flat with minimal furniture, and Marie's workspace in a leaky, wooden shed with an earthen floor.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific textual evidence that visually depicts the conditions of poverty to support your answer effectively.

Question 4.Complete the following sentences: (Answers are directly given and underlined.)

Answer:
1. Madame Curie dedicated her life to the cause of Science and to the welfare of humanity.
2. The qualities that great achievers possess are extraordinary courage, determination and singleness of purpose.
3. Marie Curie could not study Science in Paris and fulfil her childhood dream because her father could not afford the expenses of her studies.
4. Marie and Pierre set up a laboratory in a wooden shed near their flat.In simple words: This question requires filling in the blanks to complete sentences related to Marie Curie's dedication, qualities of achievers, challenges in her education, and the couple's initial laboratory setup.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the context and main ideas of the text to accurately complete the sentences, ensuring they align with the information provided.

Question 5.What proves Marie's strong will power?

Answer:When the couple could not buy pitchblende which was an expensive substance they sacrificed all the luxuries of life to save money. They lived in extreme poverty. They could not buy costly food and warm clothes for extremely cold Parisian winter. They could not sleep due to lack of warmth. Marie refused to take rest whenever her husband begged her to give up the struggle. All the above incidents prove that Marie had a strong will power to achieve the aim of her life.In simple words: Marie's strong willpower is demonstrated by her sacrificing all luxuries, enduring extreme poverty, and refusing to rest despite her husband's pleas, all to save money for pitchblende and pursue her life's scientific aim.

🎯 Exam Tip: To prove a character trait like willpower, list specific actions and sacrifices made by the individual as evidence from the text.

Question 6.Why were the two new substances named Polonium and Radium?

Answer:When Pierre and Marie found two new substances in their new discovery, she called one Polonium in honour of her country Poland and being the most powerful of the radioactive elements another was called "Radium".In simple words: Marie named the new substances Polonium, after her native country Poland, and Radium, due to its powerful radioactive properties.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to provide both reasons for the names – one personal (homage to country) and one scientific (property of the element).

Question 7.Which gift did she receive from the emperor of Austria? Why was it the most precious for them?

Answer:Pitchblende is a very expensive substance which Pierre and Marie could not afford to buy in large quantity for their experiments. The emperor of Austria was an admirer of the Curies. So he gifted them a ton of pitchblende so that the Curies could carry out their experiments easily.In simple words: The emperor of Austria gifted the Curies a ton of pitchblende, which was precious because it was an expensive substance they couldn't afford, essential for their experiments.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify both the gift and the reason for its value – its cost and its critical role in their research.

Question 8.How is radium used in the medical field?

Answer:The benefits of radium in the world of medicine are incalculable. It has been used with great effect in treatment of cancer. The bacteria of such diseases as typhus, cholera and anthrax can also be killed by radium so it was a great gift in the medical field.In simple words: Radium is invaluable in medicine for treating cancer and killing bacteria responsible for diseases like typhus, cholera, and anthrax.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific medical applications mentioned – cancer treatment and bacterial sterilization – to provide a complete answer.

Question 9.How did Pierre meet with an early death?

Answer:In 1906 Pierre was knocked down and killed by a horse - drawn wagon and thus met with an early death leaving Marie disconsolate.In simple words: Pierre Curie died prematurely in 1906 after being hit by a horse-drawn wagon, leaving Marie heartbroken.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the year and the exact cause of death clearly, as these are critical factual details.

Question 10.What makes Marie Curie an exceptional scientist?

Answer:When Marie and Perrie discovered Radium and Polonium they could have patented their discovery and become rich but Marie refused to do so and gave it free to the world and the world of medicine. She also believed that Radium belongs to the people not to her. She worked selflessly without expecting money. Her humanity and selflessness make Marie Curie an exceptional scientist.In simple words: Marie Curie was an exceptional scientist due to her humanity and selflessness; she chose not to patent Radium and Polonium, giving her discoveries freely to the world, believing they belonged to all of humanity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize her decision not to patent her discoveries and her belief in shared scientific knowledge as primary evidence of her exceptional character.

Question 11.Describe how Curies first sighted Radium. What was its colour?

Answer:After continuing their work for more than four years on a September night, the Curies after a day's tiresome work, went to the laboratory to have another look at the hundreds of small bowls into which they had poured filtered pitchblende. While moving forward in the dark laboratory they found rays of soft, bluish purple light coming from the small glass-covered bowls. Thus they sighted the Radium for the first time. Its colour was bluish purple.In simple words: The Curies first saw Radium on a September night after years of work, observing soft, bluish-purple light emanating from glass bowls containing filtered pitchblende in their dark laboratory. Its color was bluish purple.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include details about the setting (dark laboratory), the context (after years of work), and the specific visual observation (bluish-purple light) for a comprehensive answer.

Activity-Based On Vocabulary:

Question 1.Find out the words from the passage which mean:
1. unbeatable
2. discouraging
3. hardly
4. illiteracy

Answer:
1. indomitable
2. disheartening
3. scarcely
4. ignoranceIn simple words: This activity tests vocabulary by asking to find synonyms from the text for words like 'unbeatable', 'discouraging', 'hardly', and 'illiteracy'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read the passage to find words that match the given meanings in context; synonyms may not be exact but should be the closest fit.

Question 2.Find out antonyms for the following from the passage: (Answers are directly given.)

Answer:
1. economical × expensive
2. poverty × luxury
3. chill x warmth
4. worthless × preciousIn simple words: This task requires identifying words from the text that have opposite meanings to given terms, such as 'economical' vs. 'expensive' or 'poverty' vs. 'luxury'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on finding direct textual antonyms; sometimes a word might imply an opposite but not be its explicit counterpart in the passage.

Question 3.Write down the describing words used for the following nouns:
1. work
2. pitchblende
3. colour
4. desire.

Answer:
1. tiresome work
2. filtered pitchblende
3. beautiful colour
4. compulsive desireIn simple words: This question asks to recall the adjectives or descriptive words that were used in the text to modify specific nouns like 'work', 'pitchblende', 'colour', and 'desire'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Scan the text for the nouns and locate the adjectives immediately preceding them to ensure you pick the exact descriptive words used in the passage.

Activities Based On Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.Her father could not afford the expenses of her education in Paris. (Make it affirmative.)

Answer:Her father was unable to afford the expenses of her education in Paris.In simple words: This exercise converts a negative sentence about a father's financial inability into an affirmative one, conveying the same meaning using a different structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: To convert a negative sentence to affirmative, identify the negative verb or phrase and replace it with an antonym or a positive construction that retains the original meaning.

Question 2.Her life in the University was a disheartening experience in poverty and hunger. (Make it negative.)

Answer:Her life in the University was not an encouraging/heartening experience in poverty and hunger.In simple words: This task transforms a sentence describing a 'disheartening' university experience into a negative statement, using an antonym like 'not encouraging' or 'not heartening' to maintain the original meaning.

🎯 Exam Tip: When making a sentence negative, choose an antonym for a key adjective or verb and introduce 'not' to accurately reverse its polarity without changing the core message.

Question 3.Marie took a job as a governess and saved a little money. (Rewrite using 'by' + ing.)

Answer:Marie saved a little money by taking a job as a governess.In simple words: This rewrites a sentence to show that Marie saved money through the action of taking a governess job, using the 'by' + '-ing' structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'by' + '-ing' construction emphasizes the method or means by which an action is performed.

Question 4.Marie Curie's childhood dream was to study science in Paris, but her father could not afford the expense for this. (Rewrite using 'Though'.)

Answer:Though Marie Curie's childhood dream was to study science in Paris, her father could not afford; the expense for this.In simple words: This exercise rewrites a sentence to express a contrast using 'Though', highlighting that despite Marie's dream of studying science, her father couldn't afford it.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Though' (or 'Although') clauses are used to introduce a contrasting idea or a concession, often preceding the main clause.

Change The Degree:

Question 1.Pitchblende was the most precious gift the Curies had received.

Answer:
(a) Positive – No other gift the Curies had, received was as precious as pitchblende.
(b) Comparative – Pitchblende was more precious gift than any other gifts the Curies had received.In simple words: This question transforms a superlative sentence about pitchblende's preciousness into its positive and comparative degrees, showing different ways to express the same idea of value.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that positive degree compares with "as...as," and comparative degree uses "more...than" or an "-er" ending, while superlative uses "the most" or an "-est" ending.

Question 2.Pitchblende is one of the most expensive substances.

Answer:
(a) Positive – Very few substances are as expensive as pitchblende.
(b) Comparative – Pitchblende is more expensive substance than most other substances.In simple words: This task converts a superlative statement about pitchblende's expense into positive and comparative forms, illustrating how to compare its cost relative to other substances.

🎯 Exam Tip: For superlatives involving "one of the most," the positive degree often starts with "Very few..." and the comparative degree uses "than most other...".

Change The Voice:

Question 1.In 1906, Pierre was knocked down by a horse - drawn wagon. (Begin the sentence with 'A horse-drawn wagon'.)

Answer:A horse-drawn wagon knocked down Pierre in 1906.In simple words: This changes a passive sentence, where Pierre was the recipient of the action, into an active sentence by making "A horse-drawn wagon" the subject performing the action.

🎯 Exam Tip: To change from passive to active voice, identify the agent of the action (often in a "by" phrase) and make it the new subject of the sentence.

Question 2.In 1911, Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize. (Begin the sentence with 'They')

Answer:They awarded Marie the Nobel Prize in 1911.In simple words: This converts a passive sentence to an active one by introducing "They" as the implied subject who performed the action of awarding the Nobel Prize to Marie.

🎯 Exam Tip: When the agent in a passive sentence is unstated or general, use a general pronoun like "They" or "Someone" to convert it to active voice.

Personal Response:

Question 1.Describe your favourite scientist.

Answer:C.V. Raman who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 is my favourite scientist. He was the first Asian and first non-white to receive any Nobel Prize in Science. He was the first to investigate the harmonic nature of the sound of the Indian drums such as the tabla and the Mrudangam. He discovered that, when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength.In simple words: My favorite scientist is C.V. Raman, a Nobel laureate for Physics, known for his groundbreaking work on light scattering and the harmonic nature of Indian drums, making him the first Asian non-white Nobel winner in science.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a favorite scientist, include their key achievements, the year of significant awards, and why they are personally inspiring to you.

Question 2.What qualities, do you think, are important to get success in our life?

Answer:There are some key components of success without which we cannot succeed in our life. First our mindset-without a positive mindset the rest of these components won't have as much power as they should. Staying focused on goal is also important. Besides it, dedication, discipline and determination are important factors to get success in our life.In simple words: Success in life requires a positive mindset, focused goal-setting, and crucial qualities such as dedication, discipline, and strong determination.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing success qualities, emphasize both mental attributes (mindset, focus) and behavioral ones (dedication, discipline, determination).

Question 3.Why are awards and prizes given to the people in different fields?

Answer:An award or a prize is something given to a person, in recognition of his or her excellence in a certain field. It may also simply be a public acknowledgement of excellence. It boosts the recipient's confidence. It also encourages and inspires him/her to do better in his/her life. It also inspires other people in different fields to achieve something great.In simple words: Awards and prizes acknowledge excellence, boost recipients' confidence, and inspire them and others to achieve greater things in their respective fields.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the dual purpose of awards: recognition for past achievements and motivation for future endeavors, both for the recipient and others.

Language Study:

1. Coordinators: Coordinators are words that join grammatically, equal units together. E.g., and, but, or, nor are the main Coordinators.
2. Subordinators: Words whose function is to establish an unequal grammatical relationship are called subordinators. that, for, who, whether, if, because, so. Dependent clauses Principal clause that, for, who, whether, if, because, so subordinate conjunctions (subordinators)

Do As Directed:

Question 1.Complete the words by using correct letters:

Answer:
1. bred - bread
2. bi_th - birth
3. la_ge - large
4. prie - prizeIn simple words: This exercise fills in missing letters to complete common words, testing basic spelling and vocabulary.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read the incomplete words carefully and consider common letter patterns to deduce the correct missing letters.

Question 2.Put these words in alphabetical order:
1. lifeless, hostile, endurance, progress
2. commitment, characterise, courage, costly

Answer:
1. endurance, hostile, lifeless, progress
2. characterise, commitment, costly, courageIn simple words: This task arranges sets of words in alphabetical order, a fundamental skill for organizing information.

🎯 Exam Tip: When alphabetizing, compare words letter by letter from left to right; if the first letters are the same, move to the second, and so on.

Question 3.Punctuate the following sentences:
1. do you remember the day when you told me that you wanted radium to have a beautiful colour marie said to her husband
2. she replied i am working for science radium belongs to the people not to me

Answer:
1. "Do you remember the day when you told me that you wanted radium to have a beautiful colour?" Marie said to her husband.
2. She replied, "I am working for science. Radium belongs to the people, not to me.”In simple words: This exercise requires adding correct punctuation, including quotation marks, question marks, commas, and periods, to make sentences grammatically accurate and clear.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to direct speech, sentence beginnings, and end-of-sentence punctuation (period, question mark, exclamation mark) to punctuate correctly.

Question 4.Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the given word: ' incalculable'

Answer:
1. ill
2. call
3. able
4. cubeIn simple words: This task involves creating new words of at least three letters using only the letters available in the word 'incalculable'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Systematically look for letter combinations within the given word to form new, valid words, ensuring they meet the minimum length requirement.

Question 5.Write related words as shown in the example: (Answer is directly given and underlined.)

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक शब्द-जाल (वर्ड वेब) है जो 'विज्ञान' (Science) से संबंधित विभिन्न अवधारणाओं को दर्शाता है। केंद्रीय शब्द 'विज्ञान' है, जिससे 'खोज' (discovery), 'भौतिकी' (physics), 'प्रायोगिक' (practicals), 'प्रयोग' (experiments) और 'सिद्धांत' (theory) जैसे शब्द जुड़े हुए हैं।
Answer:
discovery
physics
Science
practicals
experiments
theoryIn simple words: This activity asks to list words related to 'Science' such as 'discovery', 'physics', 'practicals', 'experiments', and 'theory'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for related words, brainstorm key terms, concepts, and applications directly associated with the central topic.

Question 6.Complete the word-chain of verbs. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word!
eat → t...........,

Answer:eat → take, extend, develop, paddle.In simple words: This task completes a verb word-chain where each new verb must start with the last letter of the preceding verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure each word in the chain is an actual verb and correctly starts with the last letter of the previous word.

 

Answer: eat - take, extend, develop, paddle.
In simple words: This is a word chain where each word starts with the last letter of the previous word.

Attempt Any One

 

Question (a) Make a meaningful sentence of your own using the phrase: 'to fight against '
Answer: Kailash Satyarthi has been fighting against child labour for the last several years.
In simple words: The phrase "to fight against" means to actively work to oppose or overcome something.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure your sentence makes logical sense and correctly uses the given phrase in context.

 

Question (b) Add a clause to the following sentence to expand it meaningfully: The history is the subject .................... .
Answer: The history is the subject which gives the narration of episodes happened in the past.
In simple words: A clause adds more information to the main subject, explaining what kind of subject history is in this context.

🎯 Exam Tip: When adding a clause, make sure it grammatically connects to the main sentence and provides relevant detail.

Attempt Any One

 

Question (a) Add prefix or suffix to make new words :
1. ignore
2. dedicate
Answer: 1. ignorance
2. dedication
In simple words: Prefixes and suffixes are added to root words to change their meaning or grammatical function.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand common prefixes (un-, dis-, in-) and suffixes (-ance, -tion, -able) to form new words accurately.

 

Question (b) Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words :
1. ignore
2. dedicate
Answer: 1. Don't ignore your parent's advice.
2. Dedicate your life for poor; the father told his son.
In simple words: These sentences demonstrate how to use the words 'ignore' and 'dedicate' in a real-world context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose one word and construct a clear, grammatically correct sentence that reflects its meaning.

Live English

Blogging

1. Terms - (Blogging)
2. Blog - Web log which is an online public diary.
3. Purpose - Anybody can create blog for any reason.
4. About - Function as personal online diaries
5. Types - Artlogs - Focus on art
6. Photologs - Focus on photography
7. Sketch - Focus on sketching blogging - Video blogging
8. Podcasting - Audio blogging
9. Creating - You can create your own blog on a personal website or any other websites like www.livejournal.com, www.wordpress.com, www.blogger. corn, www.blogs.rny-space.com
10. Popularity - Blogs allow anyone to express themselves on the Internet and it becomes popular if people like it.

Steps Of Creating Blogs

Starting a blog is the best way to share your Ideas and expertise online. Follow the given steps to create your blog.

• Choose your blogging platform. (word press)
• Choose a Domain name. (www.yourblog.com)
• Sign up with Web Host and install Word Press (www.bluehost.com is good hosting provider)
• Sign up with a web hosting.
• Choose the hosting plan.
• Choose the domain name you want.
• Complete your registration.
• Install wordpress with one-click installation.
• Log into your new blog.
• Customizing and choosing a blog theme.
• Adding Post and Pages.
• Get Traffic and monetize your blog.

My English Coursebook 10th Class Solutions Pdf Unit 4