Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Chapter 3.3 Stephen Hawking Solutions

Class 10 English Chapter 3.3 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Stephen Hawking Poem 10th Std Question Answer

Question 1.Get into pairs and match the prominent personalities with the disabilities they had :

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक मिलान करने वाला प्रश्न है जहाँ कॉलम 'A' में प्रमुख व्यक्तित्वों के नाम दिए गए हैं और कॉलम 'B' में उनकी संबंधित विकलांगता या पहचान का विवरण दिया गया है। छात्रों को सही जोड़े का मिलान करना है।

'A'	'B'
(1) John Milton	(a) The great German composer and musician who became deaf at the age of 28 years.
(2) Beethoven	(b) The great English poet who became blind at the age of 43 years.
(3) Stephen Hawking	(c) An American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor, had a learning disability.
(4) Walt Disney	(d) Famous scientist of the 20th century who was paralyzed.
(5) Albert Einstein	(e) Great inventor who has over 1000 patents had a learning disability and became deaf.
(6) Thomas Edison	(f) Great 20th Century scientist and noted physicist who had a learning disability.
(7) Hellen Keller	(g) Dancer whose leg had to be amputated because of an accident.
(8) Sudha Chandran	(h) Was blind and deaf.
(9) Tanay Grey-Thompson	(i) Had polio and was elected as the President of the United States for four terms.
(10) Franklin Roosevelt	(j) Is a wheelchair racer.

Answer:

A	B
(1) John Milton	(b) The great English poet who became blind at the age of 43 years.
(2) Beethoven	(a) The great German composer and musician who became deaf at the age of 28 years.
(3) Stephen Hawking	(d) Famous scientist of the 20th century who was paralyzed.
(4) Walt Disney	(c) An American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor, had a learning disability.
(5) Albert Einstein	(f) Great 20th Century scientist and noted physicist who had a learning disability.
(6) Thomas Edison	(e) Great inventor who has over 1000 patents had a learning disability and became deaf.
(7) Hellen Keller	(h) Was blind and deaf.
(8) Sudha Chandran	(g) Dancer whose leg had to be amputated because of an accident.
(9) Tanay Grey-Thompson	(j) Is a wheelchair racer.
(10) Franklin Roosevelt	(i) Had polio and was elected as the President of the United States for four terms.

In simple words: This question matches famous individuals with their respective disabilities or significant life challenges, highlighting the diversity of experiences among prominent personalities. It demonstrates how various forms of disability have impacted or been overcome by these figures.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering matching questions, ensure accurate pairings. For historical figures, cross-reference their key life events and contributions with their challenges to ensure correctness, as precision is crucial for scoring.

 

Question 2.Word Building. (a) Reduplication : The root/stem of a word is repeated exactly the same or with a slight change. For example,

• tweet-tweet,
• pitter-patter,
• chit-chat,
• bang-bang,
• riff-raff.

Answer:(a) Reduplication : bow-wow; hee-haw; cheep! cheep; chomp-chomp; ping-pong (b) Blending: Parts of two or more words combine to form a new one. For example,

• breakfast + lunch = brunch
• smoke + fog = smog
• motor + hotel = motel

Answer:(b) Blending: bionic, carjack, Chunnel, cineplex, cyborg, emoticon, infotainment, internet, liger (lion + tiger), netizen, telethon, vidiot, workaholic (c) Clipping: Reducing a word to one of its syllables or a part of it. For example, I Mathematics – Maths

• Advertisement - Ad
• Laboratory - Lab

Answer:(c) Clipping: exam, gym (gymnasium), 'flu (influenza), gas (gasoline), memo (memorandum) (d) Acronym: Words formed from the first letter of each of the words involved. For example, I radar, scuba, Unicef, Nasa

• BBC, CID, USA, ATM, VIP
• DOB, KYC, PM, GN, TY etc.

Answer:(d) Acronym : laser, CD-ROM, IOU, K9, PIN In your notebook, write five examples of each of the above types of word-building devices. (You may take the help of a Dictionary/Internet)In simple words: This question explores different methods of word formation: reduplication (repeating a word), blending (combining parts of words), clipping (shortening words), and acronyms (forming words from initial letters). Understanding these processes helps in expanding vocabulary and comprehending word origins.

🎯 Exam Tip: For word building, know the definitions and be able to provide diverse examples for each type. Practice recognizing these patterns in new words to demonstrate a strong grasp of morphological concepts.

 

Night of the Scorpion Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.Observe the time line and search the occurances according to it. Prepare a chart.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक समयरेखा (timeline) को दर्शाता है जिसमें स्टीफन हॉकिंग के जीवन की महत्वपूर्ण घटनाओं और उनसे जुड़े वर्षों जैसे 1942, 1969, 1970, 1988, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2010 और 2014 को दर्शाया गया है, साथ ही प्रत्येक वर्ष के लिए संक्षिप्त विवरण भी दिया गया है। छात्रों को इस समयरेखा के आधार पर एक चार्ट तैयार करना है।

year	2001	2005	2009	2010	2014
January 8, 1942
1969	forced to use wheel chair
1970
1988
1969	Hawking was forced to use a wheelchair.
mid-1970's	A graduate student helped manage Hawking's care and work.
1985	Hawking lost his voice for good following a tracheotomy.

In simple words: This question requires you to extract key events from Stephen Hawking's life and organize them chronologically based on a provided timeline, detailing significant milestones like his wheelchair use, care management, and loss of voice.

🎯 Exam Tip: For timeline questions, accurately identify the year and the corresponding event. Create a clear, concise chart to present the information, ensuring all dates and occurrences are correctly matched for full marks.

 

Question 2.Make a list of books written by Stephen Hawking.

Name of the book	What's in it? (topics covered)	His contribution to the world
1. ................................	(a) ................................
2. ................................	(b) ................................
3. ................................	(c) ................................
4. ................................	(d) ................................

Answer:

Name of the book	What's in it? (topics covered)	His contribution to the world
1. A Brief History of Time	overview of space and time, existence of God and the future	an account of cosmology for the masses
2. The Universe in a Nutshell	guide to cosmology's big theories	illustrated, easier to understand
3. A Briefer History of Time	touched upon the newest developments in the field like the String theory	simplified the original work's core concepts

In simple words: This question asks for a list of Stephen Hawking's prominent books, their main topics, and how each contributed to making complex scientific concepts accessible to a wider audience.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing books by an author, ensure you include both the correct title and a concise summary of their content or significance. This demonstrates thorough understanding of the author's work.

 

Question 3.Make a list of Hawking's physical inabilities after 1963.
(a) ..........................
(b) ..........................
(c) ..........................
(d) ..........................
(e) ..........................
(f) ..........................

Answer:Hawking's physical inabilities after 1963
(a) could not go anywhere except on a wheelchair
(b) an ever-worsening physical state
(c) needed someone 24/7 to manage his care and. work
(d) except for feeding himself and getting out of bed, had need of assistance for virtually everything else
(e) speech increasingly slurred, finally lost his voice for good
(f) ability to do his work in perilIn simple words: This question outlines the progressive physical challenges Stephen Hawking faced after 1963, including his reliance on a wheelchair, worsening physical condition, need for constant assistance, slurred speech leading to voice loss, and difficulties in performing his work.

🎯 Exam Tip: For listing challenges or inabilities, ensure a comprehensive yet concise enumeration. Use bullet points or numbered lists for clarity and include specific details from the text to support each point.

 

Question 4.Shape your mind. Complete the network of cluster diagram with the name of great personalities and their contribution.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक क्लस्टर आरेख है जिसके केंद्र में 'Field of Excellence' लिखा है और उससे 'Fine art', 'Literature', 'Mathematics' और 'Science' जैसी विभिन्न शाखाएँ निकल रही हैं। प्रत्येक शाखा से आगे छोटे वृत्त (बबल्स) निकलते हैं, जहाँ संबंधित क्षेत्र के महान व्यक्तित्वों के नाम और उनके योगदान को भरना अपेक्षित है।
Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक क्लस्टर आरेख है जो विभिन्न 'Field of Excellence' (उत्कृष्टता के क्षेत्र) को दर्शाता है। केंद्र से 'Fine art', 'Literature', 'Mathematics' और 'Science' की शाखाएँ निकलती हैं, जिनमें से प्रत्येक शाखा के अंतर्गत संबंधित क्षेत्र के महान व्यक्तित्वों और उनके योगदान का विस्तृत विवरण दिया गया है।

Field of excellence : Fine Art
Satyajit Ray (film director) rose to fame with 'Pather Panchali' combined humanism and simplicity in his film making won Honorary Oscar Award in 1992	Vasudev Gaitonde (painter) started Bombay Progressive Arts Group combined Zen philosophy and calligraphy to create abstract paintings awarded Padma Shri posthumously in 1971	Rabindranath Tagore (poet) wrote 'Gitanjali' combined nationalism, and spiritualism to express his ideas won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913

Field of excellence : Mathematics
Srinivas Ramanujan Field : Mathematics famous for the Ramanujan prime, the Ramanujan theta function One of the Fellows of the Royal Society the first Indian to be elected a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge	Euclid Field : Geometry Father of Geometry his book 'Elements' served as the main textbook to teach Mathematics until the early 20th century	Shakuntala Devi Field : Numbers known as the human computer 6 years old demonstrated her arithmetic abilities at the University of Mysore she could give the 23rd root of a 201-digit number in 50 seconds in 2013, honoured with a Google Doodle for what would have been her 84th birthday

Field of excellence : Literature
Shakespeare (poet, dramatist) wrote many plays like Macbeth, Hamlet, and also many sonnets combined humanism and felicity of verbal expression in his writings, known especially for his characterizations considered by many as the greatest writer in English	Charles Dickens (novelist) wrote many novels depicting conditions in the Victorian era combined verbal descriptions with strong characterizations considered by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era	G. B. Shaw (playwright) wrote many plays such as 'Pygmalion', 'Man and Superman' combined social satire with wit to criticize many social mores and traditions leading literary figure of the 19th and 20th centuries

Field of excellence : Science
Marie Curie Field : Physics, Chemistry pioneering work on Radioactivity; discovery of polonium and radium first woman to win the Nobel Prize first person and only woman to win the Nobel prize twice the first woman to become a Professor at the University of Paris	Alexander Graham Bell Field : Physics, Sound awarded the first US patent for the telephone in 1876 groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications and aeronautics received numerous honorary degrees and dozens of medals and awards	C V Raman Field : Physics groundbreaking work in the field of light scattering won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 famous for the Raman effect 1954, awarded the Bharat Ratna also awarded the Lenin Peace Prize and made a Fellow of the Royal Society

In simple words: This question requires you to identify and list prominent individuals from various fields such as Fine Art, Literature, Mathematics, and Science, along with their key contributions, demonstrating a broad knowledge of human achievement across disciplines.

🎯 Exam Tip: For network/cluster diagrams, organize information clearly under relevant categories. Ensure that each personality is correctly matched with their field and that their contributions are specific and accurate, as this reflects strong general knowledge.

 

Question 5.Complete the following web.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वेब आरेख है जिसके केंद्र में 'Stephen Hawking's Achievements' लिखा है। केंद्रीय विषय से विभिन्न शाखाएँ निकल रही हैं, जिनमें से एक पर 'Became world famous after publication of 'A Brief History of Time.' लिखा है। छात्रों को इस वेब को स्टीफन हॉकिंग की अन्य उपलब्धियों और योगदानों से संबंधित जानकारी के साथ पूरा करना है।
Answer:

Stephen Hawking's Achievements
Written or Co-written 15 books	'A Brief History of Time' 4 years atop the 'London Sunday Times' Best-Seller list. It sold millions of copies worldwide and was translated into more than 40 languages.	Writes at a prolific rate.
30 years as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics At Cambridge	Contributed to theories in Cosmology despite suffering from ALS	Became world famous after publication of 'A Brief History of Time.'

In simple words: This question requires completing a web diagram that summarizes Stephen Hawking's achievements, including his prolific writing, the global success of 'A Brief History of Time', his long tenure as Lucasian Professor, and his significant contributions to cosmology despite battling ALS.

🎯 Exam Tip: For web diagrams, ensure each point directly relates to the central theme (Hawking's achievements) and is concisely stated. Accuracy in listing book successes, academic roles, and scientific contributions is key for high scores.

 

Question 6.Explain how the life of Stephen Hawking proves the proverb ‘Every cloud has a silver lining'. Write it down in your notebook.
Answer:Every cloud has a silver lining. This proverb 'Every cloud has a silver lining' means that you should never feel hopeless because difficult times always lead to better days. Difficult times are like dark clouds that pass overhead and block the sun. But at the same time, on the outer edge of the clouds you will invariably observe a silver lining that provides some measure of light and hope. The problems and difficulties that we face in life are like those dark clouds. Stephen Hawking started experiencing problems with his health while he was barely 21, a student at Oxford. On occasion he would trip and fall, or slur his speech. Later on, he was diagnosed with ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. It was a disease in which the nerves that controlled his muscles were shutting down. He was given two and a half years to live. But as we know - he went on to live more than a half century beyond. Thanks to an early diagnosis, advanced medical treatment and complete support from family, friends and students, he lived a full life and made major contributions to existing theories in physics and cosmology. These, in fact, were the silver linings that brightened what would otherwise have been a lacklustre life. The life of Stephen Hawking proves that even though the difficulty we face might seem enormous, there is always hope, there are always ways to circumvent them and to keep on achieving and contributing to the world.In simple words: Stephen Hawking's life exemplifies 'Every cloud has a silver lining' because despite being diagnosed with a debilitating disease (ALS) at a young age and given a short life expectancy, he overcame immense physical challenges to become one of the most brilliant scientists, making profound contributions to physics and cosmology, proving that hope and achievement can emerge from adversity.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining a proverb with a real-life example, first define the proverb clearly. Then, narrate the relevant parts of the example, explicitly linking specific events or outcomes to the proverb's meaning to show how it is proven.

 

Question 7.Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Justify your stand/answer by quoting a line from the text.
(a) Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
(b) Hawking believed that man cannot live on other planets in the future.
(c) Though Hawking lost control over his body, he writes with a prolific rate with the help of assistants.
(d) Hawking has written or co-written more than 25 books.

Answer:
(a) No, I do not agree. The line from the text justifying this stand is Eventually, however, doctors did diagnose Hawking with the early stages of ALS.
(b) No, I do not agree. The line from the text justifying this stand is He's convinced that time travel is possible and that humans may indeed colonize other planets in the future,
(c) Yes, I do agree. The line from the text justifying this stand is Through the program and the help of assistants, Stephen Hawking has continued to write at a prolific rate.
(d) No, I do not agree. The line from the text justifying this stand is Over the years, Stephen Hawking has written or co-written a total of 15 books.In simple words: This question checks your understanding of facts about Stephen Hawking's life by asking you to agree or disagree with statements and justify your answer using direct quotes from the provided text.

🎯 Exam Tip: For agreement/disagreement questions, always state your position clearly (agree/disagree) and then provide the exact quote from the text that supports your reasoning. This shows both comprehension and textual evidence.

 

Question 8.The following incidents in Stephen Hawking's life are given in jumbled order. Arrange the incidents in proper sequence as per their order of occurrence in Hawking's life.
(a) Hawking's book 'The Universe in a Nutshell' offered an illustrated guide to cosmology's big theories.
(b) Hawking published the book 'A Brief History of Time' that offered an overview of space and time.
(c) Hawking was unable to attend a conference in Arizona.
(d) Hawking was diagnosed with ALS while studying cosmology at the University of Cambridge.
(e) Hawking published 'A Briefer History of Time' that contained the newest development.

Answer:
(d) Hawking was diagnosed with ALS while studying cosmology at the University of Cambridge.
(b) Hawking published the book 'A Brief History of Time' that offered an overview of space and time.
(a) Hawking's book 'The Universe in a Nutshell' offered an illustrated guide to cosmology's big theories.
(e) Hawking authored 'A Briefer History of Time' that contained the newest developments.
(c) Hawking was unable to attend a conference in Arizona.In simple words: This question requires you to put key events from Stephen Hawking's life, such as his diagnosis and the publication of his major books, into their correct chronological order.

🎯 Exam Tip: When arranging events chronologically, look for time markers or implied sequences within the text. Carefully read each incident and establish its relative position to others to form the correct order.

 

Question 9.Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the Verbs as per the Subject :
(1) Mother .................................... a good meal. (cook/cooks)
(2) Mother and her daughter .................................... a good meal. (cook/cooks)
(3) The rise and fall of the Empire .................................... recorded in History. (is/are)
(4) Neither Ritesh nor Alok .................................... well. (play/plays)
(5) Either of the two .................................... guilty. (is/are)
(6) Everyone .................................... mistakes. (make/makes)
(7) That news .................................... published today. (is/are)
(8) Eight lakh rupees .................................... a big amount. (was/were)
(9) The Committee .................................... approved of it. (has/have)
(10) The cost of all the goods .................................... risen. (has/have)

Answer:
(1) cooks
(2) cook
(3) is
(4) plays
(5) is
(6) makes
(7) is
(8) was
(9) has
(10) hasIn simple words: This question tests your understanding of subject-verb agreement, requiring you to choose the correct form of the verb (singular or plural) based on the subject of each sentence.

🎯 Exam Tip: For subject-verb agreement, identify the true subject of the sentence, especially in cases with compound subjects, indefinite pronouns, or phrases that might mislead. Ensure the verb's form matches the subject's number (singular/plural) for grammatical correctness.

 

Question 10.From the following sentences, underline the Nouns and encircle their Determiners that specify the noun in a noun phrase. (articles/possessive pronouns/demonstratives or quantifiers)
(1) He lost his voice for good.
(2) Over the years, Hawking has written 15 books.
(3) These three books articulate his search for science's Holy Grail.
(4) A few events prevented him from despondency.
(5) That dream made him realize it.

Answer:
(1) He lost his voice for good.
(2) Over the years, Hawking has written 15 books.
(3) These three books articulate his search for science's Holy Grail.
(4) A few events prevented him from despondency.
(5) That dream made him realize it.In simple words: This question asks you to identify nouns (persons, places, things, ideas) and their determiners (words like 'the', 'his', 'these', 'few' that specify the noun) within given sentences, demonstrating an understanding of basic sentence structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: To identify determiners, remember they always come before a noun and specify it (e.g., quantity, possession, definiteness). Nouns are typically the main entities in the sentence. Practice with diverse sentence structures to improve accuracy.

 

Question 11.Complete the information from following graphic organiser and prepare summary.

Summary Maker

Title of the text : (a) Name of the personality : (b) Age : (c) Books (As Author) : (d) Field of Excellence : (e) Achievements :
Answer:

Title of the text	Stephen Hawking
Name of the personality	Stephen Hawking
Age	born 8 January 1942
Books as author	'A Brief History of Time' 'The Grand Design' 'The Universe in a Nutshell' 'A Briefer History of Time' 'Black Holes and Baby Universes'
Film	'The Theory of Everything'
Field of excellence	Theoretical Physics, Cosmology
Achievements	Albert Einstein Award, 1978; Co-founder of Microsoft Research

In simple words: This task involves completing a graphic organizer with information about Stephen Hawking, covering his birth date, key books, field of expertise, and notable achievements, forming a concise summary of his life and work.

🎯 Exam Tip: When filling out graphic organizers, ensure factual accuracy and brevity. Each piece of information should be directly relevant to the category. For summaries, combine these points into coherent sentences without adding new details or opinions.

 

Question 12. You have come to know from the text that 'The Theory of Everything' is a film describing the life and work of Stephen Hawking. Watch the film on internet and write a complete review of it. You can take help of the following points while writing the review of the film.
(1) Title
(2) Characters
(3) Story
(4) Dialogues
(5) Picturisation
(6) Music
(7) Special features (if any)
(8) Opinion / Views
(9) Message/Moral values.
Answer:
The Theory of Everything – Movie Review
The movie 'The Theory of Everything' is based on the life of Stephen Hawking. He was diagnosed with ALS at the age of 21, but because of the love of fellow Cambridge student, Jane Wilde, whom he married, he went on to secure achievement after achievement and began to be called the successor to Einstein.

He and Jane defy terrible odds and break new ground In the fields of medicine and science, achieving more than either could hope to Imagine. Hawkings physical decline weakens his already frail body. His mind, on the other hand, remains sharp, always in pursuit of that single equation that would explain the elusive 'Theory of Everything'. Right up to his mid-seventies, Stephen Hawking has no plans to retire.

The dialogue smoothly carries the narrative forward, at times Indulging In monosyllabic repartee, which, at times, provides crisp tongue-in-cheek humour. It is a very enjoyable film. It is tasteful and engaging and beautiful visually.

The music, which is quite haunting, was nominated for the best musical score at the Oscars.

The film has been criticised for harping on the theme of 'Time' throughout, and for being too sentimental!

However, its message that a person can accomplish much in one's lifetime despite being afflicted with a severe physical disability is universally relevant. Moral values of love and loyalty permeate the film and thus makes it a 'treat to watch.
In simple words: This movie review details the plot, character development, and key themes of 'The Theory of Everything', focusing on Stephen Hawking's life, his battle with ALS, and his scientific pursuits, highlighting the film's artistic merits and inspiring message.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reviewing a film, cover key aspects like plot, characters, direction, music, and overall message to provide a comprehensive analysis.

 

Question 13. Answer in one word
(1) At what age was Stephen diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
(2) Over the years, how many books has Stephen written or co-written?
(3) When did Stephen catapult to international prominence?
(4) In which year was his life story depicted?
Answer:
21
15
1988
2014
In simple words: Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with ALS at 21, wrote or co-wrote 15 books, gained international prominence in 1988, and his life story was depicted in 2014.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific numerical details like ages and years as they are often direct recall questions.

 

Question 14. (a) Hawking's book 'A Brief History of Time' spent more than four years atop the 'London Sunday Times'.
Answer:
(a) Hawking's book 'A Brief History of Time' spent more than four years atop the 'London Sunday Times'.
In simple words: Stephen Hawking's book 'A Brief History of Time' was a major bestseller, staying on the 'London Sunday Times' list for over four years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the significance of literary achievements, as they often highlight the impact of a personality's work.

 

Question 15. Observe the timeline and search from the passage the occurrences according to It. (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Date	Event
8 January 1942	Stephen Hawking was born.
1988	published 'A Brief History of Time'.
2001	published 'The Universe in a Nutshell'.
2005	authored 'A Briefer History of Time'.
2014	The film 'The Theory of Everything' is released.

In simple words: This timeline outlines key milestones in Stephen Hawking's life, including his birth, the publication dates of his major books like 'A Brief History of Time' and 'The Universe in a Nutshell', and the release year of the film 'The Theory of Everything'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Timelines require precise matching of dates with events, focusing on chronological order and accuracy.

 

Question 16. Complete the table with relevant information about Hawking: (The answer is given directly.)
Answer:

Books	Films
(1) A Brief History of Time	The Theory of everything
(2) The Universe in a Nutshell
(3) A Briefer History of Time

In simple words: This table connects Stephen Hawking's famous books like 'A Brief History of Time' and 'The Universe in a Nutshell' with the film 'The Theory of Everything', which depicts his life and work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that all information is correctly categorized and mapped between the specified columns or sections of a table.

 

Question 17. Write from the passage words for
(a) status
(b) summary
(c) people
(d) immediate.
Answer:
(a) status – prominence
(b) summary – overview
(c) people - masses
(d) immediate – instant.
In simple words: This question asks for synonyms or equivalent words from the passage for "status," "summary," "people," and "immediate".

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to find words from a passage, ensure the chosen word accurately reflects the context and meaning of the given term.

 

Question 18. Find out the antonyms from the passage for the following
(i) worst
(ii) exclude
(iii) duplicate
(iv) oldest
Answer:
(i) worst x best
(ii) exclude xinclude
(iii) duplicate x original
(iv) oldest x newest
In simple words: This task requires identifying words from the text that have opposite meanings to the given terms: 'worst', 'exclude', 'duplicate', and 'oldest'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read the passage to locate words that are direct opposites of the given terms, considering the context in which they are used.

 

Question 19. (1) He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (Rewrite using the present perfect tense of the underlined part.)
Answer:
He has been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
In simple words: To change the sentence to present perfect tense, replace "was diagnosed" with "has been diagnosed".

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the present perfect tense (has/have + past participle) is used to describe actions that started in the past and continue to the present or whose effect is still relevant.

 

Question 20. It has sold millions of copies worldwide and been translated into more than 40 languages. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
Having sold millions of copies worldwide, it has been translated into more than 40 languages.
In simple words: To convert to a simple sentence, combine the two clauses using a participial phrase like "Having sold millions of copies".

🎯 Exam Tip: A simple sentence contains only one independent clause. Use participial phrases or infinitives to combine multiple ideas without creating additional clauses.

 

Question 21. The short informative book became an account of cosmology. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
The short informative book became an account of cosmology, didn't it?
In simple words: To add a question tag, identify the verb (became), its tense (past simple), and the subject (book, which is "it"), then use the auxiliary "did" in the negative form.

🎯 Exam Tip: Question tags use an auxiliary verb (or 'be' verb) that matches the main verb's tense and a pronoun that matches the subject, with opposite polarity (positive statement, negative tag; negative statement, positive tag).

 

Question 22. Stephen Hawking was a versatile personality. Justify.
Answer:
Stephen Hawking was a versatile personality. He has not only done groundbreaking work in physics and cosmology but also written or co-written 15 books. He worked as a professor of mathematics for a long time. He used to attend various conferences and could think in 11 dimensions.
In simple words: Stephen Hawking's versatility is evident from his groundbreaking contributions to physics and cosmology, prolific writing (15 books), long tenure as a mathematics professor, attendance at numerous conferences, and ability to conceptualize complex ideas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying a statement, provide multiple specific examples or facts from the text that directly support the claim.

 

Question 23. Fill in the blanks (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) Hawking claimed that he could think in ............ dimensions.
(b) ............ is the study of the big. ............ is the study of the small.
(c) ............ is a single unifying theory that can combine cosmology with quantum mechanics.
Answer:
(a) 11
(b) Cosmology, Quantum Mechanics
(c) Science's Holy Grail
In simple words: This question tests knowledge about Stephen Hawking's intellectual claims (thinking in 11 dimensions), the definitions of cosmology and quantum mechanics, and the concept of a unifying theory.

🎯 Exam Tip: Fill-in-the-blanks questions often require precise recall of facts, definitions, or numerical details from the text.

 

Question 24. *(1) Record the occurrence according to the time chart (The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

September 2010	Hawking spoke against the idea that God could have created the world.

In simple words: In September 2010, Stephen Hawking publicly stated his belief that God was not necessary for the creation of the universe.

🎯 Exam Tip: For timeline questions, accurately match the event to its corresponding date, ensuring the information is directly from the passage.

 

Question 25. Complete the table
Answer:

Name of Hawking's book	Central Idea	Conclusion
The Grand Design	God could not have created the universe.	The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of laws of physics and nothing more.

In simple words: The table outlines 'The Grand Design' by Stephen Hawking, stating its central idea that God wasn't necessary for creation and concluding that the Big Bang resulted solely from the laws of physics.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing tables, extract specific information for each column directly from the text and present it concisely.

 

Question 26. Complete the following: What is Hawking convinced of?
Answer:

Stephen Hawking's convictions...	Time travel is possible. Humans may indeed colonize other planets in the future.

In simple words: Stephen Hawking was convinced that time travel is a possibility and that humans would eventually colonize other planets.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about a person's convictions, identify their core beliefs or strong opinions as stated in the text.

 

Question 27. (1) Write words ending in '-ity' using the words given
(a) unify
(b) possible
(c) compatible
(d) inevitable.
Answer:
(a) unify - unity
(b) possible - possibility
(c) compatible – compatibility
(d) inevitable – inevitability.
In simple words: This exercise converts given words into their noun forms ending in '-ity', demonstrating the transformation of verbs or adjectives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand common suffixes like '-ity' and how they change a word's part of speech, often from an adjective to a noun, to accurately form new words.

 

Question 28. Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B
'A'
(a) unifying
(b) compatible
(c) inevitable
(d) spontaneous
'B'
(a) agreeable
(b) unavoidable
(c) unplanned
(d) joining
Answer:

'A'	'B'
(a) unifying	(d) joining
(b) compatible	(a) agreeable
(c) inevitable	(b) unavoidable
(d) spontaneous	(c) unplanned

In simple words: This matching exercise pairs words from Column A with their correct definitions or synonyms in Column B.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching words, consider their precise meanings and context to ensure accurate pairings.

 

Question 29. Write sentences using the given phrases
(a) lay out
(b) be the consequence of
(c) is compatible with.
Answer:
(a) I want you to lay out your plans for the future before you graduate.
(b) Your present sad condition is the consequence of your past bad habits.
(c) "The king's view on this topic is compatible with mine," said the queen.
In simple words: This task requires creating clear and grammatically correct sentences that effectively incorporate each of the provided phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing sentences with phrases, ensure the phrase fits naturally into the sentence structure and conveys its intended meaning clearly.

 

Question 30. Hawking spoke against the idea. (Rewrite using 'did not'.)
Answer:
Hawking did not speak in favour of the idea.
In simple words: To rewrite using 'did not', change "spoke against" to "did not speak in favour of", maintaining the original meaning.

🎯 Exam Tip: When rewriting sentences with negative constructions, ensure the new phrasing accurately reflects the original meaning while adhering to grammatical rules.

 

Question 31. State the function of the underlined auxiliaries
(a) Humans may colonize other planets in the future.
(b) The universe can create itself from nothing.
(c) The universe will create itself from nothing.
Answer:
(a) may - possibility
(b) can - ability
(c) will - future action/prediction.
In simple words: This question asks to identify the specific modal function of the auxiliary verbs 'may', 'can', and 'will' within their respective sentences.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the distinct meanings of modal auxiliaries (e.g., 'may' for possibility, 'can' for ability, 'will' for prediction) to correctly identify their functions.

 

Question 32. Add question tags
(a) The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of the laws of physics.
(b) There is something rather than nothing.
Answer:
(a) The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of the laws of physics, wasn't it?
(b) There is something rather than nothing, isn't there?
In simple words: To add question tags, use the auxiliary verb from the main clause in the opposite polarity, followed by the pronoun corresponding to the subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the question tag matches the tense and auxiliary verb of the main sentence and uses a pronoun for the subject.

 

Question 32. Do you believe that there is a God? Why?
Answer:
I believe that there is a God. This world had to have had a Creator. There is infinite variety of creation all around us and it is not possible that all of it came on its own.
In simple words: The answer expresses a belief in God, citing the complexity and infinite variety of creation as evidence that it could not have spontaneously arisen without a Creator.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for a personal belief, provide a clear stance and support it with logical reasoning or observations, even if it's a subjective opinion.

 

Question 33. The Big Bang was a natural occurrence.
Answer:
In the context of the passage, yes, I agree. The line from the text justifying this stand is The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of the laws of physics and nothing more.
In simple words: Yes, the Big Bang is presented in the text as a natural event, entirely explained by the laws of physics without any external intervention.

🎯 Exam Tip: When agreeing or disagreeing with a statement based on a passage, always quote or reference a specific line from the text to support your stance.

 

Question 34. Arrange the following in order of occurrence
(a) Hawking is admitted into a medical clinic.
(b) Hawking notices problems with his physical health while at Oxford and later at Cambridge.
(c) Hawking undergoes a series of tests.
(d) Hawking's father takes him to see a doctor.
(e) Hawking's father takes notice of the condition.
Answer:
(b) Hawking notices problems with his physical health while at Oxford and later at Cambridge,
(e) Hawking's father takes notice of the condition,
(d) Hawking's father takes him to see a doctor.
(a) Hawking is admitted into a medical clinic.
(c) Hawking undergoes a series of tests.
In simple words: The correct chronological order of events is: Hawking notices health problems, his father notices them, his father takes him to a doctor, he is admitted to a clinic, and then he undergoes tests.

🎯 Exam Tip: For sequencing questions, carefully read each event and identify temporal cues or logical progressions to establish the correct chronological order.

 

Question 35. Fill in the blanks in the boxes (The answers are given directly.)
(a) Two scientists other than Stephen Hawking mentioned in this passage are ............ and Lou Gehrig.
(b) Hawking was ............ years old when he was admitted Into a medical clinic.
(c) Hawking first began to notice problems with his physical health while he was at ............
Answer:
(a) Sir Isaac Newton
(b) 21
(c) Oxford
In simple words: The blanks are filled with "Sir Isaac Newton" as another scientist mentioned, "21" as Hawking's age when admitted to a clinic, and "Oxford" as where he first noticed health problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to proper nouns, specific numbers, and locations mentioned in the text for accurate fill-in-the-blanks responses.

 

Question 36. Complete the following map:
Answer:

Diagnosed at the age of: 21	Name of disease: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Facts about Stephen Hawking's disease
Simple explanation of the disease: Nerves that controlled muscles were shutting down.	Initial symptoms: tripping, falling and slurring of speech
Life span predicted by doctors: two and a half years.

In simple words: This map summarizes Stephen Hawking's ALS diagnosis: he was 21, the disease involved nerves shutting down, initial symptoms included tripping and slurred speech, and doctors predicted a lifespan of two and a half years.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing a concept map, break down the main topic into its core components and provide concise, accurate information for each branch.

 

Question 37. Complete the following:
(a) A decade is a period of ............
(b) ............ refers to the formless matter supposed to have existed before the creation of the universe.
(c) To ............ one's speech is to speak (words) indistinctly so that the sounds run into one another.
Answer:
(a) 10 years.
(b) Chaos
(c) slur
In simple words: This question defines a decade as 10 years, identifies chaos as the formless matter before the universe, and defines slur as speaking indistinctly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to definitions and contextual clues within the passage to accurately fill in the blanks with the correct terms.

 

Question 38. The Grand Design was Hawking's first major publication in almost a decade.
Answer:
The Grand Design was Hawking's first major publications in almost a decade.
In simple words: The Grand Design marked Stephen Hawking's first significant book release in nearly ten years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note key facts about publications, such as their significance or timing, as these often highlight important periods in an author's career.

 

Question 39. Hawking first began to notice problems with his physical health while he was at Oxford. (Frame a 'Wh-' question to get the underlined part as answer.)
Answer:
When did Hawking first begin to notice problems with his physical health?
In simple words: To form a 'Wh-' question for "while he was at Oxford", use "When" as the interrogative word.

🎯 Exam Tip: When framing 'Wh-' questions, identify the part of the sentence that is the desired answer and choose the appropriate 'Wh-' word (who, what, when, where, why, how) to elicit that information.

 

Question 40. He would trip and fall or slur his speech. (Rewrite using 'not only ... but also ...'.)
Answer:
He would not only trip and fall but also slur his speech.
In simple words: To rewrite using 'not only... but also', combine the two actions (trip and fall, slur his speech) with this correlative conjunction structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Not only... but also' is used to emphasize that two actions or qualities are present. Ensure both elements are grammatically parallel after the conjunction.

 

Question 41. He didn't look into the problem until 1963. (Rewrite without 'didn't'.)
Answer:
He avoided looking into the problem until 1963.
In simple words: To rewrite without 'didn't', change "didn't look into" to "avoided looking into", which conveys the same meaning of postponement or neglect.

🎯 Exam Tip: When rewriting sentences to remove a specific negative construction, choose a positive verb that accurately captures the original negative meaning.

 

Question 42. (1) You must have suffered from some illness or sickness. Mention two or three symptoms. That I was an atypical case.
Answer:
Once I suffered from a viral infection of the throat. It began with a slight irritation in the throat. Then there was pain and I found difficulty in swallowing food and even water. I developed high fever, a runny nose and even had fits of shivering. I visited a doctor' who confirmed the illness and who prescribed tablets for the cure.
In simple words: Symptoms described for a viral throat infection include irritation and pain in the throat, difficulty swallowing food and water, high fever, runny nose, and shivering fits.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing symptoms, be specific and provide details that clearly illustrate the physical sensations or observations.

 

Question 43. (1) The following incidents in Stephen Hawking's life are given in jumbled order. Arrange the incidents in proper sequence as per their order of occurrence in Hawking's life
(a) At college, Hawking was bored with life.
(b) Hawking reflected on the condition of the boy suffering from leukemia.
(c) After the diagnosis, Hawking went on to became a noted scientist.
Answer:
(a) Hawking reflected on the condition of the boy suffering from leukemia.
(b) At college. Hawking was bored with life.
(c) After the diagnosis, Hawking went on to became a noted scientist.
In simple words: The correct chronological sequence of these events is: Hawking reflecting on a boy with leukemia, then his period of being bored with life at college, and finally becoming a noted scientist after his diagnosis.

🎯 Exam Tip: For sequencing events, look for cause-and-effect relationships or temporal markers that indicate the order in which actions or states occurred.

 

Question 44. In the mid-1970's what did the Hawking's family do?
Answer:
In the mid-1970's, the Hawking family had taken in one of Hawking's graduate students to help manage his care and work.
In simple words: In the mid-1970s, Stephen Hawking's family arranged for a graduate student to live with them and assist with his care and work.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about specific actions or events in a particular timeframe, directly extract the relevant information from the passage.

 

Question 45. What effect did the incidents mentioned below have on Hawking?
(a) Hawking saw a boy in the same room he was in suffering from leukemia.
Answer:
Hawking reflected that his situation seemed more tolerable.
In simple words: Seeing a boy with leukemia made Hawking realize his own condition, while severe, could be worse, thereby making his situation seem more bearable.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the effect of an incident, focus on the immediate or implied emotional, psychological, or behavioral changes in the person involved.

 

Question 46. Why was Hawking forced to use a wheelchair?
Answer:
Hawking was forced to use a wheelchair because physical control over his body had diminished becoming completely despondent.
In simple words: Stephen Hawking had to use a wheelchair because his physical control deteriorated due to his illness, leading to a state of profound helplessness.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a "why" question is asked, provide the causal reason directly stated or strongly implied in the text.

 

Question 47. Only those who knew him well could understand him. (Rewrite using 'no one'.)
Answer:
Other than (Apart from) those who knew him well, no one could understand him.
In simple words: To rewrite using 'no one', you must state that "no one" understood him, with the exception of those who knew him intimately.

🎯 Exam Tip: When rewriting with a negative phrase like 'no one', ensure the new sentence retains the original meaning accurately, often by introducing an exclusionary clause.

 

Question 48. The resulting situation required 24-hour nursing care for the acclaimed physicist. (Underline the words used as adjectives.)
Answer:
The resulting situation .required 24-hour nursing care for the acclaimed physicist.
In simple words: The adjectives in the sentence are "24-hour" describing the duration of care, "nursing" describing the type of care, and "acclaimed" describing the physicist's status.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns. To identify them, look for words that describe or provide more information about the nouns in the sentence.

 

Question 49. Fill in the blanks (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) For 30 years, Stephen Hawking held the post of ............
(b) Stephen Hawking selected his words with a ............
(c) Stephen Hawking failed to appear at the conference because of a ............
(d) ............ remains a constant anxiety.
Answer:
(a) Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge.
(b) hand-held clicker.
(c) chest infection.
(d) Hawking's health
In simple words: This question fills in blanks related to Stephen Hawking's career (Lucasian Professor), communication method (hand-held clicker), reason for absence (chest infection), and persistent concern (his health).

🎯 Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blanks, recall specific details, titles, tools, or conditions mentioned in the text to provide accurate answers.

 

Question 50. The following incidents in Stephen Hawking's life are given in jumbled order. Arrange the incidents in proper sequence as per their order of occurrence in Hawking's life
(a) Hawking was rushed to hospital.
(b) Hawking's predicament caught the attention of a California computer programmer.
(c) Hawking announced that he was retiring.
Answer:
(a) Hawking's predicament caught the attention of; a California computer programmer.
(b) Hawking announced that he was retiring.
(c) Hawking was rushed to hospital.
In simple words: The correct sequence is: Hawking's difficult situation attracts a programmer's attention, he later announces his retirement, and then he is rushed to the hospital.

🎯 Exam Tip: When sequencing events, carefully analyze the cause-and-effect relationships and temporal progression described in the text to determine the correct order.

 

Question 51. What do Stephen Hawking's works include?
Answer:
Stephen Hawking's works include numerous scientific papers as well as information for the non- scientific community.
In simple words: Stephen Hawking's works encompass a wide range of scientific papers and educational materials aimed at both academic and general audiences.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about a person's works, summarize the different types of contributions they made, especially distinguishing between academic and popular outputs.

 

Question 52. Complete the following.
Answer:

The speaking program ...	...was developed by a California computer programmer. ...could be directed by head or eye movement. ...allowed Hawking to select words on a computer screen that were then passed through a speech synthesizer

In simple words: The speaking program used by Stephen Hawking was developed by a California programmer, controlled by head or eye movement, and enabled him to select words on screen which were then vocalized by a speech synthesizer.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing a descriptive block like this, ensure all components of the system or process are clearly and accurately detailed as per the text.

 

Question 53. Record the occurrence according to the time chart (The answer is given directly.)
Answer:
2009 – Hawking failed to appear at a conference in Arizona because of a chest infection.
In simple words: In 2009, Stephen Hawking could not attend a conference in Arizona due to a chest infection.

🎯 Exam Tip: For event-based questions, accurately extract the year, event, and reason, ensuring all details are present as per the provided information.

 

Question 54. Find evidences of Stephen Hawking's special life.
Answer:
(a) Hawking used a computer speaking program to select words on a screen that were then passed through a speech synthesizer.
(b) Hawking directed the program through a cheek muscle attached to a sensor.
(c) Hawking had virtually lost all control of his body.
In simple words: Evidence of Stephen Hawking's unique life includes his use of a cheek muscle-controlled computer to speak via a synthesizer, demonstrating his ingenuity despite almost complete bodily paralysis.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for "evidence," provide specific examples or factual descriptions from the text that directly support the claim being made.

 

Question 55. Explain the life of Stephen Hawking with reference to the following statement: Hawking's health, of course, remains a constant concern.
Answer:
Due to his physical condition, Hawking's health is always a source of worry. There are times when his body is not able to cope with the physical challenges of a routine day. There are times when his health deteriorates to such an extent that he has to be rushed to hospital. Despite all this, he continues to share his ideas with the world.
In simple words: Stephen Hawking's life was marked by persistent health issues, often requiring hospitalization, yet he remarkably continued his intellectual contributions to the world despite these constant physical challenges.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining a statement in context, elaborate on its implications by providing details from the text that illustrate the reality described.

 

Question 56. Guess the meaning of predicament.
Answer:
a difficult or unpleasant situation.
In simple words: Predicament means a challenging or undesirable situation one finds themselves in.

🎯 Exam Tip: To guess the meaning of a word, use context clues from the surrounding sentences or the overall theme of the passage.

 

Question 57. Write the adjective forms of:
(a) infection
(b) office.
Answer:
(a) infectious
(b) official.
In simple words: The adjective form of 'infection' is 'infectious', and for 'office', it is 'official'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand common suffixes (e.g., -ious, -ial) that transform nouns into adjectives to correctly derive their forms.

Question 58. Write from the last paragraph phrases that give an indication of Stephen Hawking's health situation.

Answer: a constant concern, a worry, rushed to the hospital, 'gravely ill', make a full recovery
In simple words: The text describes Stephen Hawking's ongoing health challenges using specific phrases that convey a state of continuous medical attention and concern.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to extract specific phrases, ensure you quote them exactly as they appear in the passage to demonstrate precise understanding of the text.

Question 59. Underline the determiners. (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Today, with virtually ............ control of ............ body gone, Hawking directs ............ program through ............ cheek muscle attached to ............ sensor.

Answer: all
his
the
a
a
In simple words: Determiners are words that introduce a noun, providing information about its quantity or specificity, such as 'all', 'his', or 'the'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying determiners helps in understanding the scope and reference of nouns in a sentence. Practice recognizing articles, possessive pronouns, and quantifiers as determiners.

Question 60. Pick out the verbs and state the tense.
(a) Stephen Hawking has continued to write at a prolific rate.
(b) He had already announced he was retiring.

Answer:
(a) has continued - Present perfect
(b) had - announced - Past perfect.
In simple words: Verbs describe actions or states of being, and their tense indicates when the action occurred, such as 'has continued' for a present perfect action or 'had announced' for a past perfect event.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately identifying verbs and their tenses is fundamental for constructing grammatically correct sentences and understanding the timeline of events in any text.

Question 61. He failed to appear at a conference. (Rewrite using 'not'.)

Answer: He did not appear at a conference.
In simple words: Rewriting a sentence using 'not' involves changing the verb to its negative form while maintaining the original meaning.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to rewrite sentences, pay close attention to maintaining the original meaning and grammatical structure, even with new words or phrases.

Question 62. Pick out the prepositions
(a) Hawking directs the program through a cheek muscle attached to a sensor.
(b) He was rushed to the hospital for being what ! the university officials described as

Answer:
(a) through, to
(b) to, for, as.
In simple words: Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence, often indicating position, direction, or time.

🎯 Exam Tip: A strong understanding of prepositions is key to improving sentence clarity and grammatical accuracy. Look for words that connect elements and show relationships.

Question 63. (1) Write two compound words of your own
(2) Pick out the present participle and use it in a sentence He has done groundbreaking work in physics and cosmology.
(3) Spot the errors in the sentence and rewrite the sentence It been translated into many than 40 languages.
(4) Frame a sentence using the given phrase to look into
(5) Identify the sentence Hawking's health, of course, remains a constant concern.
(6) Write the present participle verb form of the given words (a) simplify, (b) argue
(7) Arrange the words in alphabetical order speech, spontaneous, space, spine
(8) Write two hidden words in the word international

Answer:
(1) noteworthy, worldwide (humankind, handheld)
(2) Present Participle groundbreaking Sentence C V Raman carried out groundbreaking work in the field of light scattering.
(3) It has been translated into more than 40 languages.
(4) The teacher said he would look into the matter of the missing chocolates.
(5) Assertive Sentence.
(6) (a) simplifying (b) arguing
(7) space, speech, spine, spontaneous
(8) inter, intern (nation, national)
In simple words: This question tests various language skills including word formation, grammar, sentence construction, and vocabulary, covering compound words, participles, error correction, sentence framing, and word arrangement.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multi-part grammar questions, break down each task and apply the relevant linguistic rules carefully. Pay attention to details like spelling, tense, and word order.

Question 64. (1) Write a word that sounds the same as the given word and make sentences with both the words allowed
(2) Complete the word chain of nouns from the lesson. cosmology y..
(3) Prepare a word register of 4 words for the given word time.
(4) Rewrite using the indirect form of narration. "Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing,” Hawking said.

Answer:
(1) allowed - He allowed the students to take a break. aloud - He was angry when the student spoke aloud.
(2) cosmology, years, scientist, time, existence
(3) time age, day, date, year, (month, clock, tide, moment, second, present, past, future, term, hour, era, century, interval, tempo, week)
(4) Hawking said that because there was a law such as gravity, the universe could and would create itself from nothing.
In simple words: This question covers homophones, noun chains, word registers for a specific theme, and converting direct speech into indirect narration, demonstrating a range of English language competencies.

🎯 Exam Tip: When dealing with homophones, ensure you use each word correctly in context. For indirect narration, remember to change pronouns, tenses, and time/place expressions appropriately.

Question 65. (1) Change to the comparative degree It is the highest civilian award in the US.
(2) Use the given word as a noun and verb in sentences focus

Answer:
(1) It is the higher than any other civilian award in the US.
(2) focus (a) After Std. X, you must focus on your career, (verb)
(b) Never lose focus of your goals in life, (noun)
In simple words: This question tests your ability to change degrees of comparison for adjectives and to use a single word, 'focus', correctly as both a noun and a verb in different sentence structures.

🎯 Exam Tip: To convert to comparative degree, remember to add 'er' or 'more' and use 'than'. When using a word as both a noun and a verb, ensure the sentence structure clearly indicates its role in each instance.