Oxford Solutions for ICSE Class 6 History Civics Chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization

Keywords

1. Dwelling houses: Dwelling houses are buildings, that people live in and but do not use as offices, trading places, etc.
These were private homes where families carried out their daily routines and slept. They were typically built with baked bricks and often had two stories with a central courtyard.
Teacher's Tip: Think of "Dwell" as a place where you "stay" or live.
Exam Tip: Mention that these houses were purely residential and not used for business to get full marks.

2. Public building: These buildings are used by all the people and are not privately owned.
These structures served the entire community for activities like gathering, storage, or rituals. Examples include the massive assembly halls and the great granaries found in the city centers.
Teacher's Tip: Public means "Everyone" can use it.
Exam Tip: If asked for examples, always list the Great Bath or the Assembly Hall.

3. Granaries: Granaries were the store houses where the people of Indus valley civilization stored their extra grain. The Great Granary was discovered at Harappa.
These buildings were essential for storing surplus food to protect the city against future famines. They were usually built on raised platforms near the river for easy transport and to keep the grain dry.
Teacher's Tip: Grain is stored in a "Gran"ary - both words start with "Gra".
Exam Tip: Remember to specify Harappa as the location for the "Great Granary".

4. Great Bath: Great Bath was a big tank at Mohanjodaro that was probably used by the general public during religious ceremonies.
It was a large rectangular pool made water-tight with a layer of natural tar called bitumen. Historians believe it was used for ritual purification before special religious events.
Teacher's Tip: Think of it as a "Holy Swimming Pool" for the whole city.
Exam Tip: Note that the Great Bath is specifically located in Mohenjodaro, not Harappa.

5. Drainage system: It is a process by which water or liquid waste is drained out from an area.
The Indus Valley civilization was famous for having the most advanced underground sewage system of the ancient world. Every house was connected to street drains that were covered with stone slabs or bricks.
Teacher's Tip: It is like the "Underground Plumbing" of the city.
Exam Tip: Use the word "sanitation" when describing the importance of this system to score high.

6. Terracotta: It is a reddish-brown clay that has been baked. Seals are the clay tablets used by Harappan merchants to stamp their goods.
This durable material was used to create everything from children's toys and pots to religious figurines. Once baked in an oven, the clay became very hard and lasted for thousands of years.
Teacher's Tip: "Terra" means earth and "cotta" means cooked.
Exam Tip: Remember that terracotta was the primary material for both play items and merchant tools.

7. Mother Goddess: Was the female deity worshiped by the people of the Indus Valley civilization. Many smoke- stained clay figures of the Mother Goddess have been found.
She represented fertility and the life-giving power of nature. The smoke stains on the statues suggest that the people burned oil or incense during their prayers.
Teacher's Tip: Think of her as the "Symbol of Nature's Power".
Exam Tip: Mention the "smoke-stained" evidence to show you understand how they worshipped.

EXERCISES

A. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1: The main river of the Harappan civilization was Ravi.
Answer: Ravi.
Harappa was situated on the banks of this river, which provided water and a path for trade. It was a tributary of the larger Indus River system.
Teacher's Tip: Remember the river "Ravi" is near "Harappa".
Exam Tip: Don't confuse Ravi with the Indus; while it's the Indus Valley civilization, the city of Harappa is specifically on the Ravi.

Question 2: The Great Bath is located in Mohenjodaro.
Answer: Mohenjodaro.
This city was one of the largest and most organized settlements of the entire civilization. The Great Bath was the centerpiece of its religious and social life.
Teacher's Tip: Mohenjodaro = Massive Bath.
Exam Tip: Spelling Mohenjodaro correctly is a common way to ensure full marks.

Question 3: The main occupation of the Harappan were farming.
Answer: farming.
The fertile soil near the rivers allowed people to grow a variety of crops like wheat and barley. This surplus food production allowed the civilization to grow into large cities.
Teacher's Tip: Food starts with farming, and every ancient civilization relied on it.
Exam Tip: "Agriculture" is another word for farming that you can use in your answers.

Question 4: The rich wore ornaments made of gold, silver and ivory.
Answer: gold, silver and ivory.
These expensive materials were traded from far away to show the high status of the wealthy people. Skilled craftsmen created beautiful jewelry that reflected the owner's importance.
Teacher's Tip: G.S.I. - Gold, Silver, Ivory for the rich.
Exam Tip: List all three materials if the question asks for multiple examples.

Question 5: The Harappan seals are made of clay, soapstone and copper.
Answer: clay, soapstone and copper.
Merchants used these seals to mark their goods and prove who owned them during long trade journeys. Each seal often featured a unique animal carving and some form of writing.
Teacher's Tip: C.S.C. - Clay, Soapstone, Copper for seals.
Exam Tip: Soapstone is the most common material mentioned for seals, so remember it well.

B. Match the following:
 

Question : Match the historical sites and artifacts in Column A with their correct descriptions in Column B.
Column A
1. Kalibangan
2. Houses
3. Toys
4. Dancing girl
5. Lothal
Column B
(a) terracotta
(b) Rajasthan
(c) bronze
(d) dockyard
(e) baked bricks
Answer:
1. Kalibangan - (b) Rajasthan
2. Houses - (e) baked bricks
3. Toys - (a) terracotta
4. Dancing girl - (c) bronze
5. Lothal - (d) dockyard
This exercise helps connect specific Indus Valley sites with their geographic locations and famous artifacts found by archaeologists. By matching these items, we can better understand the advanced engineering and artistic skills of the ancient Harappan people.
Teacher's Tip: Associate "Lothal" with "Logistics" to remember it is the site with the dockyard for trade.
Exam Tip: When writing your answer, clearly list the number from Column A followed by the letter and text from Column B to avoid confusion.

C. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1: The Harappan civilization belongs to the Mesolithic/ Neolithic/Bronze
Answer: The Harappan civilization belongs to the Bronze Age.
People in this era learned how to mix copper and tin to make bronze, which was much stronger than pure copper. This allowed them to make better tools, weapons, and beautiful statues.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the Bronze medal - it represents this advanced age of metal.
Exam Tip: Always associate "Harappan" with "Bronze" to get this right.

Question 2: Lothal/Ropar/Harappa was the first city to be discovered in the Indus Valley region.
Answer: Harappa was the first city to be discovered in the Indus Valley region.
Archaeologists found this city in 1921, which is why the entire civilization is often called the "Harappan Civilization." Its discovery changed what we knew about ancient Indian history.
Teacher's Tip: First site = First name (Harappan).
Exam Tip: Be sure to mention that "Harappa" gave the civilization its second name.

Question 3: The Assembly Hall is in Mohanjodaro/Lothal/Harappa.
Answer: The Assembly Hall is in Mohanjodaro.
This large, pillared hall was a place where leaders or citizens could gather for meetings. It shows that Mohenjodaro had a very organized way of governing its people.
Teacher's Tip: Meetings (Assembly) happened in the "M" city (Mohenjodaro).
Exam Tip: Associate Mohenjodaro with large public gathering places like the Bath and the Hall.

Question 4: Wheat/Fish/Barley was the staple food of the Harappans.
Answer: Wheat was the staple food of the Harappans.
Farming this grain provided a reliable source of energy for the people to survive and build their cities. It was often ground into flour to make various types of bread.
Teacher's Tip: We still eat wheat as a main food today, just like they did!
Exam Tip: While they ate many things, "Wheat" is the primary staple mentioned in your book.

Question 5: The neem/banyan/pipal tree was probably regarded as sacred by the Harappans.
Answer: The pipal tree was probably regarded as sacred by the Harappans.
Carvings of this tree's leaves are often found on their seals and pottery, showing its religious importance. This tradition of respecting the pipal tree continues in many parts of India today.
Teacher's Tip: The "P" tree was "Powerful" in their religion.
Exam Tip: Use the pipal tree as an example if asked about their worship of nature.

D. State whether the following are true or false.

Question 1: The Harappan cities had an elaborate drainage system.
Answer: False.
Correct: The Harappan cities had well planned system.
While the textbook marks this as false, it emphasizes that the system was "well planned" as the core feature. This planning ensured that the cities remained clean and were much more hygienic than other ancient cities.
Teacher's Tip: Focus on the "Planning" aspect for this specific textbook answer.
Exam Tip: Follow the textbook's correction exactly to avoid losing marks.

Question 2: Domestication of animals was the main occupation of the Harappans.
Answer: False.
Correct: Farming was the main occupation of the Harappans.
Although they raised many animals, their primary way of getting food and wealth was through agriculture. Raising animals was a secondary job that helped with farming and transport.
Teacher's Tip: Farming is always the #1 job in early river civilizations.
Exam Tip: Always identify agriculture/farming as the "main" occupation.

Question 3: The Harappans decorated their pottery with various designs.
Answer: True.
They used black paint to create beautiful geometric patterns, animal figures, and plant designs on their red clay pots. This shows that they valued both functionality and beauty in their everyday objects.
Teacher's Tip: Red pottery + Black designs = Harappan style.
Exam Tip: Mention the colors (red and black) to show extra knowledge.

Question 4: The Harappans built strong boats.
Answer: True.
They needed reliable boats to carry heavy loads of grain and cloth to far-away places like Mesopotamia. The discovery of a dockyard at Lothal proves they were experts at maritime travel.
Teacher's Tip: Boats were their "Water Trucks" for trade.
Exam Tip: Link the strong boats to their "flourishing trade" in your explanations.

Question 5: Invasion by foreign tribes like the Aryans might have led to the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization.
Answer: True.
Historians believe that conflict with new groups arriving in the region was one of several factors that caused the cities to be abandoned. This is a common theory about how the civilization finally came to an end.
Teacher's Tip: Invasion is just one "Theory" of many.
Exam Tip: Use the word "might" as there is no single proven cause for the collapse.

E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/ sentences:

Question 1: What discoveries proved that India had a 4,500-year old urban civilization?
Answer: The excavations carried out at various sites prove that around 4,500 years ago highly civilized people lived in this region and gave to the world its earliest cities, its first town planning, its first architecture in stone and clay and its first example of sanitary engineering and drainage system.
Digging up the ruins revealed that the people were not just nomads but lived in sophisticated, well-organized cities. These physical remains act as a "time capsule" showing their advanced lifestyle.
Teacher's Tip: Excavations = Finding proof buried underground.
Exam Tip: Mention "sanitary engineering" as a unique highlight of this civilization.

Question 2: Why is the Indus Valley Civilization also called the Harappan civilization?
Answer: The Indus Valley civilization is also called the Harappan civilizations because the things found in all the sites were very much like the articles found at Harappa.
Since Harappa was the very first city to be excavated, it became the model for identifying other similar sites. Archaeologists use the name of the first site to describe the whole culture.
Teacher's Tip: The "First" discovered city gives its name to the whole group.
Exam Tip: Mention that the "articles" or artifacts found were consistent across all sites.

Question 3: Why did the Indus Valley people build granaries close to the river bank?
Answer: All the granaries were built close to the river bank so that the grains could be easily transported with the help of boats.
Boats were the fastest way to move heavy loads of food from the countryside into the city or for trading with other nations. Building storage by the water saved time and labor for the workers.
Teacher's Tip: Rivers are like "Ancient Highways" for food delivery.
Exam Tip: Use the word "transportation" to explain the logic of the location.

Question 4: Give one example to prove that the Indus Valley bronze smiths were skilled craftspeople.
Answer: The bronze smiths made tools, weapons and metal sculptures such as the famous figure of the ‘dancing girl’. They were also engaged in other crafts like brick laying, boat making, stone cutting, masonry and carpentry.
The 'dancing girl' statue is especially important because it shows they could mold metal into delicate human shapes. This required very high heat and a precise understanding of how metals work.
Teacher's Tip: The "Dancing Girl" is the star example of their metal art.
Exam Tip: List "tools and weapons" along with the "dancing girl" for a complete list of examples.

Question 5: How do we know that the Harappans had trade relations with the Mesopotamians?
Answer: Trade relations with Mesopotamia have been proved with the discovery of Mesopotamian seals in the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization and Harappan seals in the ancient cities of Mesopotamia.
Seals acted like signatures on trade packages, so finding them in each other's lands is clear proof of business deals. This shows that their trade networks stretched thousands of miles across the sea.
Teacher's Tip: Finding an "Indian Stamp" in "Iraq" proves they were trading!
Exam Tip: Mention that seals were found in "both" civilizations to prove the connection.

F. Answer the following questions briefly:

Question 1: How were the Harappan cities planned? Explain briefly the main features of their dwelling houses.
Answer: The Harappan cities were well-planned. The main streets ran parallel to each other, cut at right angles by smaller, streets, dividing the cities into rectangular blocks. The main roads were straight and very wide. The streets were often paved with baked bricks. Dwelling houses were building that people live in. They were in different sizes. They were made of baked bricks of very good quality. But they not used as office, trading place etc.
The city layout looked like a modern grid, which helped people move around easily and allowed for organized drainage. The use of high-quality baked bricks for homes meant that these buildings could last for many generations.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the city plan as a "Giant Checkerboard".
Exam Tip: Mention "rectangular blocks" and "right angles" to describe the street planning.

Question 2: With reference to the engineering skills of the Indus Valley people, explain briefly the features of 1. The Great Bath and 2. The drainage system.
Answer:
1. The Great Bath: It was important building at Mohenjodero. This building resembled a large swimming pool, It had six entrances, a central bathing pool, galleries and dressing rooms. It was probably used by the general public during religious ceremonies.
2. The drainage system: The people of the Indus valley had an excellent, well-planned drainage system. The Kitchens and the bathrooms had drains connected to the street drains. The street drains ran along the side of the streets and were usually covered. They had manholes at regular intervals. The drainage system proves that the Indus Valley people paid great attention to sanitation and cleanliness.
The Great Bath shows they could build massive water-proof structures, which is a very difficult engineering task. Their covered drains and manholes were thousands of years ahead of their time and kept the cities extremely hygienic.
Teacher's Tip: "Sanitation" is the most important word for the drainage system.
Exam Tip: Mention "manholes" as a specific feature of their engineering brilliance.

Question 3: Give a brief account of 1. Great Granary 2. Assembly Hall.
Answer:
1. Great Granary: The Great Granary at Harappa was a large building. Historians believe that it was used to store surplus food grains. There were two rows of granaries. Each row had six granaries.
2. Assembly Hall: The Assembly Hall was another striking building found in Mohenjodaro. It was a pillared hall with thick walls and 20 pillars made of burnt or baked bricks. This may have been and assembly hall, a prayer hall or a palace.
The Granary acted as a city bank for food, ensuring no one went hungry if crops failed one year. The Assembly Hall was a multipurpose building used for important community decisions or religious gatherings.
Teacher's Tip: Granary = Food Bank, Assembly Hall = City Hall.
Exam Tip: Note the specific number (2 rows of 6 for the granary; 20 pillars for the hall).

Question 4: Describe (1) the dress and (2) ornaments of the Indus Valley people.
Answer:
1. Dress: People wore cotton and woollen garments. Two-piece dresses were worn by both men and women. The men wore a garment similar to the dhoti while the women wore skirts. The upper garments was a shawl worn around the shoulder.
2. Ornaments: Both men and women wore ornaments. They wore necklaces, amulets and finger rings. The women also wore a headdress, earrings, bangles, girdles, bracelets and anklets. The rich wore ornaments made of gold, silver and ivory. The poor wore shell, bone and copper jewellery.
The use of cotton shows they were one of the first civilizations to grow and weave this fabric for clothes. Their love for jewelry shows that they were very interested in personal fashion and status symbols.
Teacher's Tip: Everyone wore jewelry, but the "Materials" showed who was rich.
Exam Tip: Be sure to distinguish between the materials used by the rich vs. the poor.

Question 5: Describe the occupation and crafts of the Harappan people.
Answer: The main occupation of the people of the Indus Valley was farming. Farmers grew wheat, barley, fruits and vegetables. They also cultivated cotton. The land was fertile. The second occupation of the people of the Indus Valley was domestication of animals like goat, sheep, buffaloes, elephants, bulls, dogs and cats. The Indus Valley people were excellent potters and skilled crafts people. They made pottery of various shapes and sizes. They also made terracotta. The goldsmiths made gold and silver jewellery, copper smiths made utensils and the bronze smith made tools, weapons and metal sculptures. The people were also engaged in other crafts like brick laying, boat making, stone cutting, masonry and carpentry. Spinning and weaving were important occupations.
The variety of jobs shows that the civilization had a "division of labor," where people specialized in specific skills. This expertise in everything from metalwork to weaving made their cities extremely wealthy and advanced.
Teacher's Tip: They were "Masters of All Trades" from farming to jewelry.
Exam Tip: List at least three different occupations (like farming, pottery, and weaving) for a complete answer.

Question 6: Write short notes on the following: 1. Trade 2. Seals of the Indus Valley.
Answer:
1. Trade: The Indus Valley people carried on flourishing trade both within and outside India. They traded with countries like Mesopotamia, (fraq), Persia (Iran) and Afghanistan. Trade was carried on both by land and sea routes. Bullock carts, boats and ships were probably used for transport. A dockyard has been discovered at Lothal.
2. Seals of the Indus Valley: More than 2,000 seals have been unearthed from various sites. They are generally small, flat, rectangular or square in shape and made of clay, soapstone and copper. They are skillfully carved with figures of humans and animals such as the unicorn, humped bull, goat, tiger, elephant, etc. These seals were probably used by merchants and traders to stamp goods.
Trade brought new ideas and luxury items into the Indus Valley, making the economy very strong. The seals were the "passports" and "brand logos" of ancient trade, ensuring everyone knew who a package belonged to.
Teacher's Tip: Lothal's dockyard is the proof of sea trade.
Exam Tip: Mention the specific countries (like Mesopotamia) to show their international reach.

Question 7: The study of objects and artifacts found in the ruins of the Indus Valley cities help us us to form an idea of Harrapan religion. Explain.
Answer: Some of the objects found in the ruins help us to form an idea of the religion of the Harappans. No temples have been found. Numerous smoke-stained clay figures of a female deity have been found. This was probably the Mother Goddess. A three-faced figure, seated in a yogic posture and surrounded by various animals is engraved on some seals. The pipal tree was probably regarded as sacred and worshiped. The discovery of a large number of amulets suggests that people probably wore them as lucky charms to ward off evil spirits.
Since there are no grand buildings for worship, their religion seems to have been more personal and connected to nature. They worshipped powerful spirits and nature symbols like trees and animals to bring them good luck and protection.
Teacher's Tip: Nature worship = Mother Goddess + Pipal Tree + Animals.
Exam Tip: Point out that "No temples" have been found as a key feature of their religion.

Question 8: How did the Harappan civilization end?
Answer: These are some causes of the decay of the Harappan civilization
1. The Harappan might have been destroyed by natural calamities like earthquakes, floods.
2. The climate also began to change and the region became more and more dry like a desert.
3. Perhaps the Aryans attacked their cities and destroyed them.
4. An epidemic or some terrible disease might have killed the people.
There is no single "smoking gun," but a combination of natural disasters and moving river courses likely made city life impossible. Over time, the people probably migrated to other parts of India, and the great cities were slowly covered by sand.
Teacher's Tip: It was likely a "Slow Decay" rather than a single event.
Exam Tip: Use the word "causes" in the plural because there are several different theories.

G. Picture study.

Question 1: Identify the civilization from the ruins in the picture.
Answer: The ruins of Mohenjodaro indicate that it was one of the largest settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization.
These ruins show the organized streets and high walls that were common in their major cities. Seeing these remains helps us visualize how grand and massive their settlements once were.
Teacher's Tip: Brick ruins usually mean Mohenjodaro.
Exam Tip: Be sure to name the "Indus Valley Civilization" as the full name.

Question 2: When and by whom were these ruins discovered?
Answer: Rakhaldas Banerjee in 1922-23.
He was an Indian archaeologist who realized that these mounds of earth were actually buried ancient buildings. His work helped reveal a whole chapter of history that had been forgotten for thousands of years.
Teacher's Tip: Remember "R.D. Banerjee" for Mohenjodaro.
Exam Tip: Including the year 1922-23 shows excellent attention to detail.

Question 3: These ruins are an important source of information about the (a) town planning and (b) drainage system of this period. Explain.
Answer:
(a) Town planning- The Indus Valley cities were very well-planned. The streets were quite broad varying from a feet to 30 feet in breadth. The streets and roads were straight and they cut one another at right angles. The streets had rounded comers to enable the heavy carts to take a turn easily. Every street had a lighting system. Such a system of town-planning was not to be found at that time anywhere in the world.
(b) Drainage system- The people of the Indus valley had an excellent, well-planned drainage system. The kitchens and the bathrooms had drains connected to the street drains. The street drains ran along the side of the streets and were usually covered. They had manholes at regular intervals. The drainage system proves that the Indus Valley people paid great attention to sanitation and cleanliness.
The town planning shows they cared about traffic and ease of movement, while the drainage shows they were masters of public health. No other civilization of that time period had such a high level of municipal organization.
Teacher's Tip: Grid pattern + Covered drains = Modern living in ancient times.
Exam Tip: Mention the "rounded corners" as a specific engineering detail for carts.

OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Question 1: Name some major sites of the Indus Valley civilization?
Answer: Some major sites of the Indus Valley civilization are following.
1. Lothal (Gujarat)
2. Ropar (Punjab)
3. Kalibangan (Rajasthan)
4. Alamgirpur (U.P)
5. Banwali (Haryana)
6. Rakhigarhi (Haryana)
7. Dholavira (Gujarat)
These sites were spread across a massive area, showing that the civilization occupied much of modern-day Pakistan and Northern India. Each site has provided unique clues about their trade, farming, and daily life.
Teacher's Tip: Remember the states (Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan) to help find them on a map.
Exam Tip: Mentioning both the site and the state shows you have a deep understanding of the geography.

Question 2: What is Mohenjodaro mean and where it is located?
Answer: Mohenjodaro means ‘mound of the dead’. It is located on the banks of the river Indus in the Larkana district of Sind, (now in Pakistan)
The name comes from the fact that local people found skeletal remains and ancient ruins buried under the earth mounds. It was one of the most important administrative centers for the southern part of the civilization.
Teacher's Tip: Mohenjodaro = Mound of the Dead.
Exam Tip: Specify its location on the "Indus River" to distinguish it from Harappa.

Question 3: Write a short note on ‘Great Bath’?
Answer: It was important building at Mohenjodero. This building resembled a large swimming pool, It had six entrances, a central bathing pool, galleries and dressing rooms. It was probably used by the general public during religious ceremonies.
The fact that it had dressing rooms shows they cared about privacy and organization during rituals. Its design is a testament to their incredible skills in using bricks and mortar to hold water.
Teacher's Tip: Think of it as a "Community Spiritual Center".
Exam Tip: Use words like "galleries" and "dressing rooms" to describe its complexity.

Question 4: What were the main items of food of the Harappa people?
Answer: They ate wheat, barley, fruits, fish meat and vegetables.
Having a variety of foods meant they had a very balanced and healthy diet compared to other ancient people. They used the rivers not just for water but also as a source for fresh fish.
Teacher's Tip: They were healthy eaters who used everything the river and land gave them.
Exam Tip: List both grains (wheat/barley) and proteins (fish/meat) for a complete answer.

Question 5: Describe the toys used by the Harappa children?
Answer: Harappa children played with various toys like wheeled carts, dolls, animals with movable heads, sliding monkeys, rattles and whistles. The toys were generally made of baked clay or terracotta.
These toys show that Harappan parents cared about their children's play and imagination. The complexity of "movable heads" shows that even their toys were little works of engineering art.
Teacher's Tip: Terracotta toys were like the "Ancient Lego" of their time.
Exam Tip: Mention "movable heads" to highlight the technical skill of the toy makers.

Question 6: How was the Indus Valley civilization discovered? Why is it also called the Harappan civilization?
Answer: Indus valley was discovered by the finding of seals and pottery among the ruins of ancient Summerian cities. The Indus Valley civilization is also called the Harappan civilizations because the things found in all the sites were very much like the articles found at Harappa.
The discovery of their items in other civilizations like Mesopotamia first tipped off archaeologists that a mysterious "third" great civilization existed. Harappa became the "key" that unlocked the rest of the discovery.
Teacher's Tip: Discovery started with trade items (seals) found far away.
Exam Tip: Always explain both parts of this question (how discovered + why the name) to get full credit.

Question 7: What do you know about the religious beliefs and practices of the Harappans?
Answer: The people of the Indus Valley believed in religion. They worshiped ‘Mother Goddess’. She was the female deity. No temples have been found. But many smoke-stained clay figures of the Mother Goddess have been found. The pipal tree was probably regarded as sacred and also worshiped people wore amulets as lucky charms to ward off evil spirits. People also believed of life after death. They buried the dead together with items of daily use. Sometimes they cremated the dead and kept the ashes or bones in an urn along with that items.
Their belief in the afterlife is clear because they wanted the dead to have their favorite things in the next world. Using amulets shows they were a bit superstitious and wanted extra protection from bad luck or sickness.
Teacher's Tip: Religion = Nature + Afterlife + Luck.
Exam Tip: Mention the "daily use items" in burials as proof of their belief in the afterlife.