Focus On Solutions for ICSE Class 7 History Civics Chapter 3 Directive Principles Of State Policy

Important Words

1. Welfare state:
Welfare state is a country where citizens are guaranteed a healthy standard of living, equal opportunities, full employment and a fair distribution of wealth. Every citizen enjoys social and economic justice in a welfare state.
This type of state focuses on the well-being of all its people rather than just a few. It ensures that basic needs like healthcare and education are available to everyone regardless of their income.
Teacher's Tip: Think of a "Welfare State" as a "Well-Fair State" where everyone is doing well and things are fair.
Exam Tip: Mention that both social and economic justice are key parts of a welfare state to get full marks.

2. Directive Principles of State Policy:
Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines which all governments are expected to follow while making and implementing policies and programmes for the welfare of the people.
These serve as a roadmap for the government to create a better and more equal society for all citizens. While they are not mandatory by law, they are morally binding on the leaders of the country.
Teacher's Tip: Remember "Directive" means giving "Directions" to the government.
Exam Tip: Always define them as "guidelines" for the government's policies.

3. Special needs:
Special needs are needs that a person has because of mental or physical problems.
These requirements are essential to help individuals overcome challenges and participate fully in society. Providing support for special needs is a way to ensure equality for everyone.
Teacher's Tip: Focus on the word "Special" to remember that these needs require extra care and attention.
Exam Tip: Use both "mental" and "physical" in your definition to show a complete understanding.

I. Time To Learn

Fill in the blanks:
1. Directive Principles are given in part IV of the Constitution of India.
2. The state shall endeavour to provide employment to every individual, is a Directive Principle concerned with Economic Equality.
3. The state shall work for the separation of the executive and judicial powers, is a Directive Principle concerned with administration.
4. Uniform system of civil and criminal laws in the country, is a Directive Principle under the law and justice.
5. There should be prohibition as to the use of intoxicating drinks and other drugs, is a Directive Principle concerned with principles relating to social equality and educational upliftment.

II. Match the contents of Column A with those of Column B:

Column A
1. Instructions to the government
2. Adequate means of livelihood for all citizens
3. Establish village panchayats
4. Promote international peace and security
5. Free legal aid to needy citizens
Column B
(a) Promotion of justice
(b) General Principles
(c) Directive Principles of State Policy
(d) Gandhian Principles
(e) Principles promoting economic equality

Answer:
1. Directive Principles - (c) are non-justiciable.
2. The judiciary - (d) should be separated from executive.
3. Children up to the age of 14 - (a) should be given free and compulsory education.
4. Code of conduct - (b) should be common and uniform for all sections of the society.
These matches highlight the specific goals and legal status of the Directive Principles. They help us understand how the government aims to organize the legal system and the education of children.
Teacher's Tip: "Judiciary" and "Executive" are like two different teams that shouldn't play on the same field to keep things fair.
Exam Tip: Memorize the age "14" as it is frequently used in education-related questions.

III. Tick mark (✓) the correct statements and cross mark (X) the wrong ones:

1. That the institution of the Panchayati Raj is one of the Directive Principles related to Economic Equality. X
2. That the state shall protect ancient monuments, is one of the Directive Principles pertaining to Social Equality and Educational Uplift. X
3. That the state shall ensure equal pay for equal work, is one of the Directive Principles relating to Economic Equality. X
4. That the state shall always favour and encourage international peace and security through diplomatic channels, is a Directive Principle of administrative importance. X
5. Directive Principles get protection from the law courts X

IV. Answer the following questions:

Question 1: What are “Directive Principles”? Why can Directive Principles not be ignored by a government even though they are not justiciable?
Answer: Directive Principles: The ‘Directive Principle of State Policy’ are ‘guidelines’ or ‘directives’ given by the Constitution to the central and state governments to adopt such policies as to improve the condition of their countrymen. If these principles are followed, a welfare state which ensures justice, liberty and equality can be established. The Directive Principles are not justiciable because we cannot take recourse to law for their implementation. They do have a moral sanctioin behind them but not a legal one. If the Fundamental Rights of a person are violated, he has a right to move the court. The Directive Principles have no legal remedies.
Although they aren't laws you can fight for in court, they reflect the soul of the Constitution and the will of the people. A government that ignores them would lose the trust and votes of the citizens during elections.
Teacher's Tip: Think of Directive Principles as a "Moral Compass" for the leaders.
Exam Tip: Use the term "non-justiciable" to describe why you cannot go to court for them.

Question 2: Why are Directive Principles important? Mention any five Directive Principles.
Answer: Directive Principles of State Policy aim to create social and economic conditions under which the citizens can lead a good life. They also aim to establish social and economic democracy through a welfare state. The Directive Principles are as follows:
1. Principle relating to Economic Equality.
2. Principles relating to social Equality and Educational Uplift.
3. Principle Relating to Law, Justice and Administration.
4. Principles for International Peace.
5. Miscellaneous Principles.
These principles act as a guide to ensure the country progresses toward a balanced society where everyone has a fair chance. They keep the focus on long-term national goals rather than just immediate political gains.
Teacher's Tip: Use the phrase "Social and Economic Democracy" to describe the overall goal.
Exam Tip: When listing five principles, ensure you use the correct headings as given in the textbook.

Question 3: Which Directive Principles relate to the establishment of a socialist society?
Answer: The Directive Principles related to the establishment of a socialist society is Principles relating to Economic Equality.
Socialist goals aim to share wealth fairly and stop it from staying in only a few hands. This ensures that every worker gets a fair wage and has good conditions to work in.
Teacher's Tip: "Socialist" starts with "Social," meaning it's for the whole society's benefit.
Exam Tip: Connect "Socialist Society" directly to "Economic Equality" in your answer.

Question 4: Which directive Principle concerns the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes?
Answer: Reserved posts and reservation for political seats and fee concessions have been given to Sheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes by the Government of India.
These measures help people from these communities overcome historical disadvantages. By providing these reservations, the state promotes social equality and fair opportunities for all.
Teacher's Tip: Think of "Reservation" as an extra helping hand to ensure everyone finishes the race together.
Exam Tip: Mention "fee concessions" and "political seats" to show specific ways the government helps.

Question 5: How do the Directive Principles of State Policy seek to promote internationalism?
Answer: Principles for international peace: The state should conduct its foreign affairs in such a way that friendly and cordial relations are established with all the countries of the world. Special efforts should be made to foster respect for international law. The state shall always favour and encourage international peace and security through diplomatic channels.
This ensures that India plays a positive role in world affairs and avoids unnecessary conflicts. It shows that our country values global harmony and follows the rules of the international community.
Teacher's Tip: Imagine the whole world as a big neighborhood where India wants to be the "Good Neighbor."
Exam Tip: Use the words "peace," "security," and "diplomatic channels" to score full marks.

Question 6: What is the difference between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy?
Answer: Difference between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy:
Fundamental Rights
1. They are justiciable by law. A person can go to the Supreme Court, High Court or any other court if his right has been violated.
2. Their aim is to established political democracy.
3. Some of our fundamental rights can be suspended during emergency.
Direct Principles of State policy
1. They are not justiciable.lt no legal remedies. One can not take recourse to law their implementation.
2. Their aim is to give economic and social
3. Directive Principles of the state policy cannot be suspended.
Fundamental Rights are like your personal shield that you can use in court, while Directive Principles are goals for the government. Rights focus on your individual freedom, while Principles focus on the welfare of the whole society.
Teacher's Tip: "Rights" are what YOU can demand; "Principles" are what the GOVERNMENT should do.
Exam Tip: Use a table or clearly numbered points to show the comparison for better clarity.

V. Write short notes on the following:

Question 1: Principles relating to economic equality.
Answer: These relate to the establishment of a socialist society:
1. The government should strive to reduce inequalities in income so that wealth is not concentrated in the hands of a few people.
2. There should be no discrimination between men and women, as regards their education and employment. Men and women should get equal pay for equal work.
3. The working conditions in mills, factories, offices etc. should be such that the workers do no suffer hardship. Economic and moral exploitation of infants and children should be stopped by the state.
These rules ensure that wealth is spread out so that every citizen can afford a basic life. It also protects vulnerable groups like women and children from being treated unfairly in the workplace.
Teacher's Tip: Remember "Equal Pay for Equal Work" as a key slogan for this section.
Exam Tip: Be sure to mention the prevention of exploitation of "infants and children."

Question 2: Principles pertaining to social equality and educational uplift.
Answer: These principles are also referred to as Gandhian Principles:
1. There should be compulsory and free education for all children up to the age of 14.
2. There should also be free medical aid for all sections of society.
3. The state shall put an end of exploitation of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and all other socially as well as economically backward sections of the society.
4. There should be prohibition as to the use of intoxicating drinks (wine) and other drugs.
5. The state shall devise, as far as possible, a common and uniform code of conduct for all sections of the society.
These principles are inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's vision of a self-sufficient and moral India. They focus on improving the lives of the poor and ensuring every child gets to go to school without cost.
Teacher's Tip: Many of these principles are called "Gandhian" because they focus on village life and moral values.
Exam Tip: Mention that education should be both "free" and "compulsory" for full marks.

Question 3: Directive Principles help in the success of a democratic government?
Answer: Directive Principles help in the success of a democratic government as their basic aim is to persuade the government to provide social and economic justice in all spheres of life, keeping in view its limited material resources, at the earliest possible. Many of them have been implemented very successfully. Actually, no government can afford to ignore these instructions as they are the mirror of the public opinion and also reflect the basic spirit of the Preamble of our Constitution.
By following these guidelines, a government ensures it is truly working for the benefit of the people. This creates a strong bond of trust between the citizens and the state, making democracy work better.
Teacher's Tip: Think of these principles as the "Voice of the People" written in the Constitution.
Exam Tip: Use the word "Preamble" to show how these principles connect to the overall goals of India.

Additional Questions

A. Fill in the blanks:
1. The guidelines which all governments are expected to follow for the welfare of the people are known as Directive Principles of State Policy.
2. The Directive Principles contain a list of important and basic economic and social rights which the farmers of the Constitution wanted every Indian to enjoy.
3. To establish economic equality in the country, the government is directed to ensure a fair and equal distribution of the wealth and material resources of the country.
4. The government is directed to promote cottage industries in villages and prohibit the slaughter of cows and other cattle according to the Gandhian principles.
5. Free and compulsory education for all children between 6 and 14 years has been made a Fundamental Right.

B. Match the following:

Column A
1. Instructions to the government
2. Adequate means of livelihood for all citizens
3. Establish village panchayats
4. Promote international peace and security
5. Free legal aid to needy citizens
Column B
(a) Promotion of justice
(b) General Principles
(c) Directive Principles of State Policy
(d) Gandhian Principles
(e) Principles promoting economic equality

Answer:
1. Instructions to the government - (c) Directive Principles of State Policy
2. Adequate means of livelihood for all citizens - (e) Principles promoting economic equality
3. Establish village panchayats - (d) Gandhian Principles
4. Promote international peace and security - (b) General Principles
5. Free legal aid to needy citizens - (a) Promotion of justice.
These matches help us categorize different types of Directive Principles based on their goals. It shows that the Constitution covers everything from small village governance to world peace.
Teacher's Tip: "Panchayats" are a classic "Gandhian" idea for local self-government.
Exam Tip: Connect "Free legal aid" directly with the "Promotion of justice."

C. Choose the correct answer:

1. After 200 years of foreign rule, the Indian economy was strong/stable/ruined.
Answer: After 200 years of foreign rule, the Indian economy was ruined.

2. The Directive Principles can be classified into three/ four/five
Answer: The Directive Principles can be classified into three categories.

3. Some of the ideas of R. Ambedkar/Jawaharlal Nehru/Mahatma Gandhi were included as Directive Principles.
Answer: Some of the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi were included as Directive Principles.

4. One of the Gandhian Principles/General Principles/ Principles promoting economic equality directs the government to prevent the consumption of liquor.
Answer: One of the Gandhian Principles directs the government to prevent the consumption of liquor.

5. The Directive Principles ask the government to provide free legal aid/economic help/housing.
Answer: The Directive Principles ask the government to provide free legal aid.

D. State whether the following are true or false:
1. The farmers of our Constitution had a dream of a welfare state. True.
2. The provision of free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of 14 is a General Principle. False.
3. The Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy do not have the same purpose. False.
4. If you are deprived of your Fundamental Rights, you True
5. can go to the High Court or the Supreme Court to seek protection and enforcement of your rights. True.
6. India has achieved the goal of a Welfare State. False.

E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/ sentences:

Question 1: Define a welfare state?
Answer: Welfare State is a country where citizens are guaranted a healthy standard of living, equal opportunities, full employment, fair distribution of wealth and they also enjoy social and economic justice.
In such a state, the government takes responsibility for the basic needs of its people like health and schooling. It works to make sure that no one lives in extreme poverty or without a voice.
Teacher's Tip: Use the word "Guarantee" to remember that the state promises these things to you.
Exam Tip: List the four features (living standard, equal opportunity, employment, wealth distribution) for a full-mark answer.

Question 2: What are Directive Principles of State Policy?
Answer: In the Constitution there are certain guidelines which the central, state and local governments are expected to follow while making and implementing policies and programmes for the welfare of the people, these guidelines are known as Directive Principles of State Policy.
Think of these as a rulebook for our leaders to help them make better laws for everyone. They are the goals that the people of India expect their government to reach.
Teacher's Tip: Remember they are "Directions" given "to the State" about "Policy."
Exam Tip: Mention that these guidelines apply to "central, state and local" governments.

Question 3: Mention the categories into which Directive Principles can be, classified.
Answer: Directive Principles can be broadly classified into three categories:
1. Principles promoting economic equality
2. Gandhian Principles promoting economic and social development.
3. General Principles.
By dividing them into these groups, it is easier to understand what each guideline is trying to achieve. Each category focuses on a different part of improving Indian society.
Teacher's Tip: Remember the three groups as "Money, Gandhi, and General."
Exam Tip: Be precise with the names of the categories to show you have studied correctly.

Question 4: Mention any one Directive Principle that seeks to promote economic equality between men and women.
Answer:
1. There should be a fair and equal distribution of wealth and material resources of the country.
2. There should be equal pay for equal work, for both men and women.
This principle ensures that a person's gender does not stop them from getting paid fairly for their job. It is a major step toward making our society truly equal and just.
Teacher's Tip: "Equal pay for equal work" is the most important phrase here.
Exam Tip: Clearly state that this applies to "both men and women" to be specific.

Question 5: What is the significance of the Right to Education Act of 2009?
Answer: The Right to Education Act of 2009 (Article 21A of the Constitution) makes education a Fundamental Right of every Indian child between the ages of 6 and 14 years. It requires all privately owned schools to reserve 25 per cent of seats for children from poor families.
This act changed education from a goal into a right that you can actually demand from the state. By reserving 25% of seats, it also helps children from different economic backgrounds learn together.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the 25% as a way to make private schools open their doors to everyone.
Exam Tip: Mention the age group "6 to 14" as it is the official range for this right.

Question 6: Why can you not seek justice in a court of law if the government does not give you a job?
Answer: Directive Principles, on the other hand, are non-justiciable, if you do not get a job or proper wages, you cannot go to a court to seek justice.
Unlike Fundamental Rights, which are legal guarantees, Directive Principles are just instructions for the future. The government tries to follow them based on how much money and resources it has at the time.
Teacher's Tip: Justiciable = Can go to court; Non-justiciable = Cannot go to court.
Exam Tip: Use the term "non-justiciable" as the primary reason in your answer.

F. Answer the following questions briefly:

Question 1: Why did the farmers of the Constitution not establish a welfare state in India in 1949? What steps did they take to help future governments to achieve the goal of a welfare state?
Answer: The farmers of our Constitution had a dream of a welfare state. A welfare state is a country where citizens are guaranteed a healthy standard of living, equal opportunities, full employment and a fair distribution of wealth. The farmers of the Constitution, however, could not fulfil this dream in 1949. Our country had just been freed from 200 years of foreign rule which had ruined India’s economy. So they laid down certain guidelines in the Constitution for all future governments to follow.
At that time, India was too poor and broken from British rule to provide everything all at once. By writing the Directive Principles, they made sure that the path to a welfare state was clearly marked for future leaders.
Teacher's Tip: It's like building a house; they drew the "Blueprints" (Guidelines) but didn't have the "Bricks" (Money) yet.
Exam Tip: Mention "200 years of foreign rule" and "ruined economy" as the main reasons.

Question 2: State one Directive Principle with regard to each of the following: (a) wealth and material resources (b) weaker sections of society (c) foreign affairs.
Answer: (a) Wealth and material resources: Fair and equitable distribution of wealth and material resources of the country. The resources of the country should be used for the common good of all. (b) Weaker sections of society: A living wage for every worker, e., a wage which will enable a person to buy basic necessities. (c) Foreign policy:
1. Promote international peace and security.
2. Maintain just and honourable relations with other countries.
These rules are meant to ensure that the country's wealth isn't hogged by a few people and that everyone can afford a simple life. Our foreign policy principles ensure India stays a respected and peaceful member of the global family.
Teacher's Tip: "Common good" means helping everyone, not just one person.
Exam Tip: Use the term "living wage" when talking about weaker sections for a better score.

Question 3: Mention two Directive Principles with reference to each of the following: (a) Development of villages (b) Health
Answer: (a) Development of villages:
1. Establish village panchayats.
2. Modernize agriculture and animal husbandry.
(b) Health:
1. Improve the level of nutrition and general health of the people.
2. Prevent consumption of liquor and other harmful drugs.
Promoting village development honors India's rural heart and helps the majority of our people. The health principles aim to keep our citizens strong by protecting them from diseases and harmful substances.
Teacher's Tip: Remember "Panchayats" for villages and "Nutrition" for health.
Exam Tip: List two separate points for both (a) and (b) clearly.

Question 4: Mention the category under which the following principles are classified: (a) a decent standard of living and leisure (b) prevention of the slaughter of cows and other cattle (c) protection of the environment.
Answer: (a) Economic equality.
(b) Gandhian Principles.
(c) General Principles.
Categorizing these helps us see the different philosophical influences on our Constitution. For example, animal protection comes from the moral values taught by Mahatma Gandhi.
Teacher's Tip: "Standard of living" always involves "Economy."
Exam Tip: Be very specific with the names of the categories like "Economic equality" and "General Principles."

Question 5: Compare and contrast the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.
Answer: Fundamental Rights are justiciable, i.e., - if people are deprived of their Fundamental Rights, they can go to the Court to seek protection and enforcement of their rights. Directive Principles, on the other hand, are non justiciable, i.e., if you do not get a job or proper wages you cannot go to a court to seek justice.
Fundamental Rights are like immediate promises of freedom, while Directive Principles are long-term goals for the country. Rights protect the individual, while Principles aim to build a better overall society.
Teacher's Tip: Justiciable = Lawyer's territory; Non-justiciable = Politician's territory.
Exam Tip: Use the word "justiciable" and its opposite "non-justiciable" in your comparison.

Question 6: Briefly discuss the efforts made by various governments to implement the Directive Principles of State Policy.
Answer: Various steps have been taken by all governments to implement Directive Principles like-free and compulsory education is provided to all the children between six to fourteen years. Welfare schemes for the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes are implemented. Various employment schemes have been launched and a law is passed which guarantees equal pay for both men and women.
These real-world actions show that the government is taking the Constitution's guidelines seriously. By creating these laws and schemes, the dream of a welfare state is slowly becoming a reality for millions of Indians.
Teacher's Tip: Look at things like government schools and MNREGA as real examples of these principles in action.
Exam Tip: Mention the "Equal Pay" law as a specific success story of these principles.

G Picture study:

This is the picture of the Father of our Nation, who championed the cause of the poor and downtrodden people in India.

Question 1: Identify the person in the picture.
Answer: Father of our nation Mahatama Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was the most important leader of India's independence movement. His simple lifestyle and non-violent message continue to inspire millions around the world today.
Teacher's Tip: You can always recognize him by his simple clothing and round glasses.
Exam Tip: Always capitalize "Mahatma Gandhi" and add the title "Father of our nation."

Question 2: Mention any two of his ideas that were included in the Directive Principles of State Policy.
Answer:
1. Provide free and compulsory educations for all children up to the age of 14.
2. Promote cottage industries in villages.
Gandhi believed that India's true strength lived in its villages and in educating its youth. These principles ensure that small-scale local workers and poor children are never forgotten by the government.
Teacher's Tip: "Cottage Industries" means small businesses run from people's homes.
Exam Tip: Use the exact phrasing from the text like "cottage industries" and "up to the age of 14."

Question 3: What does the term Directive Principles of State Policy mean?
Answer: Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines which all government are expected to follow while and programmes for the welfare of the people.
They serve as a set of moral commands that tell the government how to act for the good of the country. They are like a vision board for what India should look like in the future.
Teacher's Tip: Think of them as the "Government's To-Do List."
Exam Tip: Make sure to mention that they are for the "welfare of the people."

Question 4: Mention one important difference between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles.
Answer: An important difference between them is that the Fundamental Rights are justiciable, i.e., if people are deprived of their Fundamental Rights, they can go to the Court to seek protection and enforcement of their rights. Directive Principles, on the other hand, are non-justiciable, i.e., if you do not get a job or proper wages, you cannot go to a court to seek justice.
This is the single most important legal difference between these two parts of our Constitution. One is a weapon for the citizen, and the other is a target for the government.
Teacher's Tip: Justiciable = Court help available; Non-justiciable = No court help.
Exam Tip: Using the term "justiciable" correctly is the best way to get full marks on this question.