ICSE Class 10 History and Civics Board Exam Question Paper 2016 with Solutions

ICSE Class 10 History And Civics Board Exam Question Paper with Solutions

PART I (30 Marks)

Question 1

(a) What is meant by ‘Residuary Powers’ of the Parliament ? [1 Mark]

Answer:
The Parliament can make laws with respect to all those matters which are not mentioned in any of the three lists - the Union List, the State List and the Concurrent List.

Teacher's Note:
a) Residuary powers are vested in the Union Parliament as per Article 248 of the Constitution.
b) Students must clearly mention all three lists and state that matters not covered in them fall under residuary powers.

(b) What is the normal term of office of the Lok Sabha ? [1 Mark]

Answer:
5 years.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Lok Sabha can be dissolved earlier by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
b) During a proclamation of National Emergency, its term can be extended by law of Parliament for one year at a time.

(c) State any one subject wherein the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha enjoy co-equal powers in legislation of laws. [1 Mark]

Answer:
The Union Parliament has co-equal powers with the State Legislatures over the subjects mentioned in the Concurrent List, or in all matters of legislation including Constitutional Amendment bills where both houses have equal powers.

Teacher's Note:
a) Ordinary bills can be introduced in either House and require approval from both.
b) Ensure you specify that both houses hold equal legislative authority for non-money bills and constitutional amendments.

(d) Who presides over the meeting of the Rajya Sabha in the absence of the Vice-President of India ? [1 Mark]

Answer:
The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who is elected from amongst its members, presides over the meeting of the Rajya Sabha in the absence of the Vice-President of India.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
b) Mention both the title (Deputy Chairman) and the method of selection (elected from among its members) for full clarity.

(e) By whom and on whose advice are the Council of Ministers appointed ? [1 Mark]

Answer:
The Council of Ministers are appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Teacher's Note:
a) The President acts on the formal recommendation of the Prime Minister while appointing other ministers.
b) Students should name both the appointing authority (President) and the advising authority (Prime Minister).

(f) Name the official procedure by which the President can be removed. [1 Mark]

Answer:
Impeachment.

Teacher's Note:
a) Impeachment is a quasi-judicial procedure carried out in Parliament for violation of the Constitution.
b) The resolution must be passed by a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Parliament.

(g) Mention any one important occasion when the President addresses a Joint Session of Parliament. [1 Mark]

Answer:
The President addresses a Joint Session of both Houses of Parliament at the commencement of the first session after each general election and at the commencement of the first session of each year.

Teacher's Note:
a) Another occasion is when there is a deadlock between the two Houses over an ordinary bill.
b) State the exact constitutional occasions clearly to score full marks.

(h) Name the highest Civil Court in a District. [1 Mark]

Answer:
The Court of the District Judge.

Teacher's Note:
a) The District Judge is the highest judicial authority in civil matters at the district level.
b) Do not confuse civil courts with criminal courts, where the highest court is the Court of the Sessions Judge.

(i) What is meant by the term ‘Judicial Review’ of the High Court ? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Judicial Review is the power of the High Court to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders of the State Government, and declare them null and void if they violate the provisions of the Constitution.

Teacher's Note:
a) This power ensures that the laws passed comply with the fundamental law of the land, the Constitution.
b) Keywords like "violate fundamental rights" or "ultra vires" are essential for a complete answer.

(j) What is meant by ‘Lok Adalat’ ? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Lok Adalat means 'People Court'. It is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism set up to provide legal aid and speedy, inexpensive justice to those who cannot afford formal court proceedings.

Teacher's Note:
a) Lok Adalats help in reducing the backlog of cases in regular courts through compromise and settlement.
b) Mention both the meaning (People's Court) and the objective (speedy and inexpensive justice).

Question 2

(a) What impact did the uprising of 1857 have on the Mughal Rule ? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The Mughal Empire, which had already lost its prestige and power, was completely wiped out as a direct consequence of the uprising of 1857.
2. The last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was tried by the British and exiled to Rangoon, officially ending the Mughal dynasty.

Teacher's Note:
a) The event marked the final abolition of the Mughal Empire in India.
b) Students should mention both the end of the dynasty and the exile of Bahadur Shah Zafar.

(b) Name the Presidents who presided over the first two Sessions of the Indian National Congress. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885 at Mumbai was presided over by W. C. Bonnerjee.
2. The second session of the Indian National Congress in 1886 at Kolkata was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji.

Teacher's Note:
a) W. C. Bonnerjee was the first president of the INC.
b) Ensure correct spellings of names (W. C. Bonnerjee and Dadabhai Naoroji) as spelling errors lead to loss of marks.

(c) State two reasons given by Lord Curzon to justify the Partition of Bengal. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Administrative Necessity: Lord Curzon claimed that the province of Bengal was too large (with a population of 78 million) and difficult to administer efficiently under a single government.
2. Relief to Provinces: It was argued that the outlying areas like Assam needed separate administrative attention and relief from the heavy burden of the Bengal administration.

Teacher's Note:
a) Officially, the British propagated administrative efficiency as the sole reason.
b) Students should distinguish between the official reason (administrative efficiency) and the actual political motive (divide and rule).

(d) Name the famous Pact that demonstrated the unity between the Congress and the Muslim League. When was it signed ? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The famous pact was the Lucknow Pact.
2. It was signed in the year 1916.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Lucknow Pact marked an important milestone in Hindu-Muslim political cooperation during the freedom struggle.
b) Both the name of the pact and the correct year are mandatory to secure full marks.

(e) Why was the Congress session held at Lahore in 1929 significant to the National Movement ? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Under the presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore session passed the historic resolution for Poorna Swaraj (Complete Independence).
2. It was decided to celebrate 26th January as Independence Day, and the tricolor flag was hoisted publicly for the first time.

Teacher's Note:
a) This session shifted the goal of the national movement from dominion status to complete independence.
b) Keywords like "Poorna Swaraj" and "Jawaharlal Nehru" must be included in the answer.

(f) Mention any two contributions of the INA to the National Movement. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The Indian National Army (INA) under Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose fought bravely alongside the Japanese forces and captured territories like Kohima and Ukhral in Northeast India.
2. The heroic exploits and subsequent trials of INA soldiers deeply inspired patriotic fervor among the Indian masses and shook the foundations of British rule in India.

Teacher's Note:
a) The INA demonstrated armed resistance against the British on a major international scale.
b) Focus on both the military campaign and the psychological impact on the Indian population and armed forces.

(g) Why was Mountbatten’s Plan finally accepted by the Congress ? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The continuous obstruction by the Muslim League in the Interim Government made coalition governance impossible, leaving partition as the only practical solution.
2. Widespread communal riots across the country made the Congress leaders realize that partition was necessary to prevent further bloodshed and establish peace.

Teacher's Note:
a) Congress accepted the inevitable partition to avoid civil war and endless communal violence.
b) Mentioning the breakdown of the Interim Government and communal violence covers the core evaluation points.

(h) What made Japan surrender to the Allies in August 1945 ? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The dropping of atomic bombs by the United States on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.
2. The massive devastation, catastrophic loss of human lives, and destruction forced Japan to surrender unconditionally to the Allies.

Teacher's Note:
a) This event marked the dramatic end of World War II in the Asian theatre.
b) Students must mention both cities (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) and the atomic bombings.

(i) State the full forms of the following agencies of the United Nations : UNICEF and UNESCO. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. UNICEF: United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund.
2. UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Teacher's Note:
a) Both are specialized agencies/funds of the United Nations working globally in humanitarian and educational fields.
b) Accurate spelling of every word in the full forms is essential to avoid negative marking.

(j) Give any two examples of Human Rights violations. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Denial of freedom of speech and expression, where citizens are arbitrarily arrested or silenced for criticizing the government.
2. Imposition of forced labor, human trafficking, and slavery violating basic human dignity and freedom.

Teacher's Note:
a) Human rights violations include infringement of fundamental liberties guaranteed by international declarations.
b) General examples like forced labor, arbitrary detention, or denial of basic education are widely accepted by examiners.

PART II (50 Marks)

SECTION A

Attempt any two questions from this Section.

Question 3

With reference to the Union Legislature, answer the following questions:
(a) How is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha elected ? State two Disciplinary Functions of the Speaker. [3 Marks]

Answer:
Election of the Speaker: The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is elected by its members from amongst themselves soon after the newly elected House meets for the first time.
Disciplinary Functions:
1. The Speaker maintains order and decorum in the House and can order unruly members to withdraw or suspend them from the House.
2. The Speaker has the power to adjourn the House or suspend its sitting in case of grave disorder.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Speaker acts as the impartial presiding officer of the Lok Sabha.
b) Clearly distinguish between administrative duties (allotting time) and disciplinary functions (suspending members, maintaining order).

(b) Explain two conditions under which a member of Parliament can be disqualified under the Anti-Defection Law. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Voluntary resignation: If a member belonging to a political party voluntarily gives up their membership of that political party.
2. Violation of party whip: If a member votes or abstains from voting in the House contrary to any direction issued by their political party without obtaining prior permission.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Anti-Defection Law was added by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act to curb political defections.
b) Mentioning both voluntary resignation and voting against party whip covers the primary grounds of disqualification.

(c) Give reasons to justify why the Lok Sabha is considered to be more powerful than the Rajya Sabha. [4 Marks]

Answer:
1. Control over the Executive: A Vote of No-Confidence against the government can only be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. If passed, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers must resign.
2. Financial Powers: Money bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha has no power to reject or amend a Money Bill; it can only delay it for a maximum period of 14 days.
3. Numerical Strength: In a joint sitting of both Houses called to resolve a deadlock, the Lok Sabha has a numerical advantage due to its larger total strength.
4. Responsibility: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible solely to the Lok Sabha and not to the Rajya Sabha.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Lok Sabha represents the direct will of the people of India, giving it supremacy in financial and executive matters.
b) Students must highlight financial superiority and control over the executive to score full marks.

Question 4

The President of India is the Constitutional Head of the Indian Republic. In this context, answer the following questions:
(a) How is the President elected ? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. The President is elected indirectly by an Electoral College in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote.
2. The Electoral College consists of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha).
3. It also includes the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabhas) of all States and Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry.

Teacher's Note:
a) Nominated members of Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies do not participate in the presidential election.
b) Explicitly mention both Parliament and State Assemblies to ensure complete coverage of the Electoral College.

(b) Mention three types of Emergencies that the President is empowered to proclaim. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. National Emergency: Proclaimed under Article 352 when the security of India or any part of it is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
2. Constitutional Emergency (President's Rule): Proclaimed under Article 356 when the government of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
3. Financial Emergency: Proclaimed under Article 360 when the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened.

Teacher's Note:
a) These emergency powers are vested in the President on the written advice of the Union Cabinet.
b) Students should name all three categories correctly with their respective grounds for full credit.

(c) Explain briefly any four ‘Executive Powers’ of the President. [4 Marks]

Answer:
1. Appointment of High Officials: The President appoints the Prime Minister, other Union Ministers, Governors of States, the Chief Justice and Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, and the Attorney-General of India.
2. Head of the Union Administration: All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken and executed in the name of the President.
3. Administration of Union Territories: The President administers Union Territories directly through administrators or Lieutenant-Governors appointed by them.
4. Power to Remove Officials: The President has the power to remove Union Ministers, Governors, and high constitutional functionaries in accordance with constitutional procedures.

Teacher's Note:
a) Executive powers relate to the administration and enforcement of laws and appointment of key officials.
b) List clear examples like appointing the Prime Minister or judges to make the answer comprehensive.

Question 5

The Supreme Court has an extensive jurisdiction. In the light of this statement, answer the following questions:
(a) What are the qualifications of the judges of the Supreme Court ? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. He or she must be a citizen of India.
2. He or she must have been for at least five years a Judge of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession; OR
3. He or she must have been for at least ten years an advocate of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession; OR
4. He or she must be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.

Teacher's Note:
a) These qualifications are laid down under Article 124(3) of the Indian Constitution.
b) Students must mention citizenship and at least two of the professional criteria (Judge, Advocate, or Jurist).

(b) (i) Explain the composition of the Supreme Court. [3 Marks]
(ii) How are the Judges of the Supreme Court appointed ?

Answer:
(i) Composition: The Supreme Court of India consists of the Chief Justice of India and a number of other judges fixed by Parliament (currently 33 other judges, making a total strength of 34 including the Chief Justice).
(ii) Appointment of Judges: Every judge of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President of India after consultation with the Chief Justice of India and such other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts as the President deems necessary.

Teacher's Note:
a) The collegium system plays a key role in recommending names for judicial appointments to the President.
b) Clearly separate sub-part (i) composition and sub-part (ii) appointment process in your answer presentation.

(c) Explain the cases in which the Supreme Court enjoys Original Jurisdiction? [4 Marks]

Answer:
Original jurisdiction extends to cases which the Supreme Court has the authority to hear and decide in the first instance. These include:
1. Disputes between the Government of India and one or more States.
2. Disputes between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other.
3. Disputes between two or more States.
4. Disputes regarding the enforcement of Fundamental Rights guaranteed under the Constitution.

Teacher's Note:
a) Original jurisdiction refers to cases that cannot be initiated in any lower court.
b) Listing federal disputes (centre-state and inter-state) and protection of fundamental rights covers all vital points.

SECTION B

Attempt any three questions from this Section.

Question 6

Explain the Causes of the Great Revolt of 1857, with reference to the following:
(a) Any three Political Causes. [3 Marks]
(b) Any three Military Causes. [3 Marks]
(c) Any four Economic Causes. [4 Marks]

Answer:
(a) Political Causes:
1. Lord Dalhousie's Doctrine of Lapse and Subsidiary Alliance: The aggressive annexation policy displaced many Indian rulers and chiefs, creating deep resentment among royal families, notably in Jhansi and Satara.
2. Annexation of Awadh: The annexation of Awadh in 1856 on grounds of alleged misgovernance deeply hurt the sentiments of the people and the sepoys, most of whom hailed from Awadh.
3. Loss of Prestige of Mughal Emperor: The British disrespect towards the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar alarmed the Muslim community and undermined traditional political authority.
(b) Military Causes:
1. Discrimination in Pay and Promotion: Indian soldiers were paid much less than their British counterparts and faced bleak prospects of promotion, being barred from holding high military ranks.
2. General Service Enlistment Act (1856): This Act made it compulsory for new recruits to serve overseas if required, which violated the religious beliefs and caste taboos of Hindu soldiers.
3. Disproportionate Troop Ratio: The number of Indian soldiers in the British army vastly exceeded European soldiers, making it easier for sepoys to realize their strength.
(c) Economic Causes:
1. Destruction of Indian Handicrafts: The British tariff policies and dumping of cheap machine-made British goods ruined traditional Indian textile industries and impoverished artisans.
2. Drain of Wealth: Wealth and resources of India were systematically drained to England as surplus revenue without any proportional return in development.
3. Heavy Land Revenue Demands: Exorbitant land revenue systems like Zamindari, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari crushed peasants under heavy debt and led to frequent famines.
4. Confiscation of Jagirs: The British government confiscated rent-free lands and jagirs of many landlords and taluqars, reducing them to poverty.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Revolt of 1857 was a culmination of accumulated grievances across political, military, and economic spheres.
b) Ensure precise headings and distinct points for political, military, and economic causes as requested in the sub-parts.

Question 7

Through various National Movements, Gandhiji mobilised public support to win freedom for India. In this context, state the following:
(a) Any three causes for Gandhi to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement ? [3 Marks]
(b) The name given to the uprising of 1942. Two reasons for launching this mass uprising. [3 Marks]
(c) The impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement in India’s freedom struggle. [4 Marks]

Answer:
(a) Causes for launching the Non-Cooperation Movement:
1. Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: The passing of the repressive Rowlatt Act and the brutal massacre of innocent people at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar shocked Gandhiji and the nation.
2. Khilafat Wrong: The dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire and the injustice done to the Caliph (Khilafat issue) alienated Indian Muslims, leading Gandhiji to unite Hindus and Muslims through the movement.
3. Economic Hardships: Post-World War I economic distress, high taxation, inflation, and scarcity of essential goods created immense public discontent against British rule.
(b) Uprising of 1942:
1. Name of the uprising: The Quit India Movement.
2. Reason 1 - Failure of Cripps Mission: The proposals of the Cripps Mission offered no immediate independence or transfer of real power, leading to widespread disappointment.
3. Reason 2 - Fear of Japanese Invasion: There was an immediate threat of Japanese invasion into India, and Gandhiji believed that a free India could defend itself better against the Axis powers.
(c) Impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement:
1. Mass Mobilization: It transformed the national movement into a genuine mass movement, drawing peasants, workers, women, and students into the struggle for freedom.
2. Blow to British Prestige: It severely shook the authority and economic prestige of the British government by promoting Swadeshi and boycotting foreign goods and institutions.
3. Fostering Self-Reliance: The movement popularized the use of Khadi, promoted national education, and fostered economic self-reliance.
4. Hindu-Muslim Unity: It created unprecedented communal harmony and solidarity between Hindus and Muslims through the joint struggle of Non-Cooperation and Khilafat.

Teacher's Note:
a) Gandhian movements shifted the freedom struggle from elite politics to mass participation.
b) Structure answers clearly with proper headings for causes, the Quit India movement name and reasons, and impacts.

Question 8

The Partition of Bengal and the Formation of the Muslim League were two important events that had its impact on the National Struggle for Independence. In this context, explain the following:
(a) Impact of Swadeshi and Boycott movements as part of the Anti-Partition Movement. [3 Marks]
(b) Any three factors leading to the formation of the Muslim League. [3 Marks]
(c) Objectives of the Muslim League. [4 Marks]

Answer:
(a) Impact of Swadeshi and Boycott movements:
1. Economic Regeneration: It revived indigenous industries, promoted the use of Swadeshi (home-made) goods, and provided employment to local craftsmen and weavers.
2. Political Awakening: It instilled a spirit of national pride, self-reliance, and political consciousness among the masses, making people boldly challenge British colonial rule.
3. Spread of Nationalism: The movement went beyond Bengal, inspiring national fervor across the country through public meetings, processions, and patriotic songs.
(b) Factors leading to the formation of the Muslim League:
1. British Policy of Divide and Rule: Recognizing Hindu-Muslim unity during the anti-partition agitation, the British encouraged the formation of a separate Muslim political organization to check nationalism.
2. Loss of Muslim Political Power: The decline of traditional Muslim rule and the backwardness of Muslims in Western education and government jobs created a sense of insecurity.
3. Role of British Officials: British officials like Archbold and Governor-General Lord Minto actively guided Muslim leaders like Aga Khan to demand separate electorates.
(c) Objectives of the Muslim League:
1. To promote feelings of loyalty among Indian Muslims towards the British Government.
2. To protect and advance the political and other rights and interests of the Muslims of India.
3. To prevent the rise of any feelings of hostility between Muslims and other communities of India.
4. To keep the Muslim intelligentsia away from the mainstream of the national movement led by the Congress.

Teacher's Note:
a) The partition of Bengal catalyzed extremist nationalism and paved the way for communal separate electorates.
b) Memorize the specific objectives of the Muslim League verbatim as they are frequently asked in board exams.

Question 9

(a) Identify the leader in the picture. Give two examples to state that the leader followed an expansionist policy. [3 Marks]

[Figure: Benito Mussolini in military uniform and cap]

Answer:
1. Identification: Benito Mussolini.
2. Example 1: Mussolini proclaimed that "Italy must expand or perish" and aggressively pursued colonial expansion to satisfy nationalist ambitions.
3. Example 2: He ordered the brutal invasion and annexation of Ethiopia (Abyssinia) in 1936.

Teacher's Note:
a) Benito Mussolini was the fascist dictator of Italy who dragged his nation into World War II.
b) Students must correctly identify the personality from the picture before stating the expansionist examples.

(b) State three factors that led to the rise of Fascism. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Discontentment after the Treaty of Versailles: Italy felt cheated and humiliated at Versailles as it did not receive the territories promised after fighting alongside the Allies in World War I.
2. Economic Crisis: Severe post-war economic depression, massive unemployment, inflation, food shortages, and frequent strikes created widespread unrest.
3. Threat of Communism: The fear of a Bolshevik-style communist revolution among industrialists and middle classes prompted them to support totalitarian fascist dictatorships for stability.

Teacher's Note:
a) Fascism rose in Europe as a reaction against democratic weaknesses, economic turmoil, and communist threats.
b) Clearly list three distinct socio-economic or political factors to secure full marks.

(c) State four similarities between the ideologies of Nazism and Fascism. [4 Marks]

Answer:
1. Rejection of Democracy: Both ideologies strongly rejected democracy, liberalism, and parliamentary systems in favor of totalitarian authoritarian rule.
2. One-Party and One-Man Rule: Both believed in total centralized power under a supreme leader (dictator) and a single ruling party.
3. Glorification of War and Aggression: Both glorified militarism, aggression, and war as instruments of national glory and expansion.
4. Suppression of Opposition: Both suppressed all civil liberties, freedom of speech, and political opposition through terror, secret police, and propaganda.

Teacher's Note:
a) Nazism (Hitler's ideology in Germany) was an offshoot of Italian Fascism (Mussolini's ideology) with added racial supremacy elements.
b) Emphasize anti-democracy, totalitarianism, and militarism as the core shared tenets.

Question 10

With reference to the United Nations and its related Agencies, answer the following questions:
(a) Explain any three functions of the WHO. [3 Marks]
(b) State the composition of the International Court of Justice. [3 Marks]
(c) State any four functions of the General Assembly. [4 Marks]

Answer:
(a) Functions of the WHO (World Health Organization):
1. To direct and coordinate international health work and promote primary health care, sanitation, and safe drinking water.
2. To help countries combat major global diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, AIDS, and pandemics through specialized training and medical research.
3. To set international standards for the purity, strength, and safety of biological products and pharmaceutical drugs.
(b) Composition of the International Court of Justice (ICJ):
1. The ICJ consists of 15 judges elected jointly by the UN General Assembly and the Security Council.
2. Judges are chosen based on their high moral character and legal qualifications, ensuring representation of the principal legal systems of the world.
3. Judges serve a term of nine years and are eligible for re-election.
(c) Functions of the General Assembly:
1. To discuss any questions or matters relating to international peace and security within the scope of the UN Charter.
2. To consider and approve the annual budget of the United Nations and apportion financial contributions among member states.
3. To elect non-permanent members of the Security Council, members of the Economic and Social Council, and appoint the Secretary-General upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
4. To promote international cooperation in political, economic, social, cultural, educational, and health fields, and encourage the progressive development of international law.

Teacher's Note:
a) The UN General Assembly acts as the main deliberative and policymaking organ of the United Nations.
b) State exact numerical figures (like 15 judges for ICJ and 9-year terms) accurately to earn full marks.