CBSE Class 10 Social Science HOTs The Making of a Global World

Summary

MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science The Making of a Global World

Question : Explain three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange. Find one example of each type of flow which involved India and Indians, and write a short account of it.
Answer : The three types of movements or flows within the international economic exchange are trade flows, human capital flows and capital flows or investments. These can be explained as the trade in agricultural products, migration of labour, and financial loans to and from other nations. In the pre-modern world, India was the nerve-centre of trade and commerce. It exported textiles and spices in lieu of gold and silver from Europe. Many exotic foods like potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes and sweet potatoes arrived in India from the Americas after the discovery of searoutes by Columbus. In the domain of labour, mines, plantations and factories were facilitated by indentured workers from abroad in the nineteenth century. This was an instrument of colonial domination by the British. 

Question : Describe any three effects values of de-industrialisation in India.
Answer : With the advent of industrialisation in England, India faced the situation of de-industrialisation, which signifies steady decline of industrial output in India. The negative values of de-industrialisation in India are as follows :
(i) Falling prices of Indian textiles : The prices of Indian textiles (mainly hand-spun clothes) fell drastically.
(ii) Dismal condition of Indian spinners and weavers : With the advent of spinning jenny in England, the low-priced Manchester and Liverpool yarn was exported to Indian cities. As a matter of fact, Indian spinners and weavers were affected by the machine-made yarn and textile. Their plight became dismally poor and they became insolvent.
(iii) Decline of national textile ventures : Many prominent national textiles and handloom industries relegated to the background.
(iv) Acute economic crisis : Due to continuous imports from England, the Balance of Trade (BOT) turned in favour of England. The economic condition of India was highly deplorable. 

Question : Prepare a flow chart to show how Britain’s decision to import food led to increased migration to America and Australia.
Answer : 

Question : “The pre-modern world changed with the discovery of new sea routes to America.’’ Give any three suitable examples to explain the statement.
Answer : The pre-modern world assumed a new structure with the invention of sea routes to America. Christopher Columbus discovered the vast continent of America in 1498. After the discovery of America, the process of cultural exchange started at a rapid pace.
Three examples are as follows:
(i) Foods like potatoes, maize, tomatoes, chillies, sweet potatoes were introduced to other continents, mainly Asia and Europe.
(ii) Slave trade was brisk. Europeans inducted slaves from the African countries and transported them to America.
(iii) Metals like silver from Peru and Mexico improved the status of the Europeans wealth. 

Question : The Great Depression had an adverse impact on the Indian economy. Substantiate the statement.
Answer : The impact of Great Depression was strongly felt in the agricultural domain in India. Evidently, the Indian economy was closely linked with the global economy. Being a British colony, India exported agricultural goods and imported British-made goods. The decline in agricultural prices led to the reduction of farmer's income and agricultural products. At the same time, the government did not lessen the tax, which turned the farmers and land lords into insolvency. As a matter of fact, there was a huge economic unrest in rural India. 

Question : What do you mean by the terms ‘mass production’ and ‘mass consumption’?
Answer : One salient feature of the dynamic US economy of the 1920s was mass production. The doyen of mass production was the car manufacturer Henry Ford. He adopted the assembly line production in his new car plant in Detroit. The assembly line production compelled workers to repeat a single task continuously and mechanically, such as incorporating a particular part into the car at a place dictated by conveyor belt. This was the way of augmenting the output per worker by accelerating the pace of work. Standing in front of a conveyor belt, no worker would afford to delay the motions, take a pause, or even strike a friendly conversation with workmate. Therefore, Henry Ford's cars succeeded the assembly line at three minutes interval, a speed much faster than that achieved by previous methods. The T-Model Ford was the world's first mass produced car. As a matter of fact, mass production lessened the cost of goods and this culminated in the process of mass consumption. 

Question : Explain what is referred to as the G-77 countries. In what ways can G-77 be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins?
Answer : The 'G-77 countries' represented the group of 77 countries that demanded a new economic international order (NEIO). The New Economic International Order (NIEO) is a system that would give them real control over their natural resources, without being victimised by the agents of neocolonialism, a new variant of colonialism in trade. Neocolonialism was practiced by the former colonial powers.
The G-77 can be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins (the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank). These two institutions were designed to accomplish the financial needs of industrial and developed countries. They did nothing for the economic growth of former colonies and developing nations. 

Question : Explain any four problems posed by the First World War in India.
Answer : Problems posed by the First World War in India are as follows:
(i) Defence expenditure sky rocketed as the Great War loomed large in the horizon.
(ii) Taxes and custom duties were raised and income tax was introduced.
(iii) Crop failures in many parts of India resulted in severe food shortage.
(iv) Famine and influenza decimated millions of people in the subcontinent. 

Question : ‘Grow more jute, brothers, with the hope of greater cash. Costs and debts of jute will make your hopes get dashed. When you have spent all your money and got the crop off the ground, traders, sitting at home, will pay only 5 a mound’. Who profits from jute cultivation according to the jute growers’ lament? Discuss.
Answer : According to the jute growers, the in-house traders will be benefitted by the profits of the jute cultivation. The characteristics of the statement can be discussed as:
(i) Hardship of jute growers: The jute growers toiled mercilessly in the field. They worked several hours in the field and yet remained insolvent.
(ii) Investment made by jute growers: The jute growers invested heavily in the jute cultivation, in terms of physical labour and capital payment.
(iii) Profit of traders: After getting the crop off the ground, the in-house traders paid meager amount to the jute growers. Therefore, the in-house traders profited from the jute cultivation. 

Question : What was the impact of the Great Depression of 1929 on the post-war economy ?
Answer : In 1929 the Great Depression had strongly upset the post world war economy.
(i) E.H. Carr claims that the economic crisis overstrained Germany as the nation was unable to meet the war debts. Despite the world economic crisis, the French government hesitated to admit publicly that reparation was dead. In June, 1932, a conference was held up at Lausanne to arrive at a final decision on the reparation question. The Lausanne conference cancelled all reparation claims in return for a single payment of 150,000,000 pound in the form of 5% redeemable bonds.
(ii) The year 1932 saw the last act in the confused drama of reparation, which had tormented the world for more than a decade. E.H. Carr noted that the Lausanne conference buried both reparation and inter-allied debts "in the same unhonoured grave".
(iii) Due to prolonged economic crisis, Germany and other major European powers could not borrow loans from America. All major global banks faced economic downturn. As a matter of fact, economic crises dominated the global scene. Due to economic turmoil, unemployment and poverty became the recurrent themes of major global countries.

Question : What were the main features of the First World War?
Answer : The main features of the First World War are as follows: (i) The First World War (1914-18) was mainly fought in Europe. But its impact was felt around the world.
(ii) It was fought between two power blocs — the Allies (Britain, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary and Ottoman Turkey).
(iii) It lasted for more than four years.
(iv) It was the first modern industrial war as it saw the use of machine guns, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons, etc. on a large scale.
(v) To fight the war, millions of soldiers had to be recruited from around the world and most of them were young men and men of working age.
(vi) Death and injuries reduced the able-bodied workforce in Europe.
(vii) Industries were restructured to produce warrelated goods.

Source/Case Based Questions 

Question : Read the extract and answer the questions that follow: 

The Second World War broke out a mere two decades after the end of the First World War. It was fought between the Axis Powers (mainly Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (Britain, France, the Soviet Union and the US). It was a war waged for six years on many fronts, in many places, over land, on sea, in the air. Once again death and destruction was enormous. At least 60 million people, or about 3 per cent of the world's 1939 population, is believed to have been killed, directly or indirectly, as a result of the war. Millions more were injured. Unlike in earlier wars, most of these deaths took place outside the battlefields. Many more civilians than soldiers died from warrelated causes. Vast parts of Europe and Asia were devastated, and several cities were destroyed by aerial bombardment or relentless artillery attacks. The war caused an immense amount of economic devastation and social disruption. Reconstruction promised to be long and difficult. Two crucial influences shaped post-war reconstruction. The first was the US's emergence as the dominant economic, political and military power in the Western world. The second was the dominance of the Soviet Union. It had made huge sacrifices to defeat Nazi Germany, and transformed itself from a backward agricultural country into a world power during the very years when the capitalist world was trapped in the Great Depression. 

(i) Who were the countries directly involved in the Second World War?
Answer : (a) The Second World War broke out a mere two decades after the end of the First World War.
(b) It was fought between the Axis Powers (mainly Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (Britain, France, the Soviet Union and the US). 

(ii) Who trapped the world in the Great Depression?
Answer : The capitalists trapped the world in the Great Depression. 

(iii) What was the duration of the Second World War?
Answer : (a) The Second World War broke out a mere two decades after the end of the First World War.
(b) It was for six years on many fronts, in many places, over land, on sea, in the air.

Creating Based Questions

Question : Use the information provided along with the terms given in the box to form a coherent passage to show how and why government imposed Corn Laws. Also include information that is not mentioned below to complete it.
Late eighteenth century, prices, landed groups, urban dwellers, corn lows were abolished Population growth....increased the demand for food grains.... demand for agricultural products went up....government also restricted import of corn....unhappy with high food prices.....Corn Laws.
Answer : Population growth from the late eighteenth century had increased the demand for food grains in Britain. As urban centres expanded and industry grew, the demand for agricultural products went up, pushing up food grain prices. Under pressure from landed groups, the government also restricted the import of corn. The laws allowing the government to do this were commonly known as the 'Corn Laws'. Unhappy with high food prices, industrialists and urban dwellers forced the abolition of the Corn Laws.

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:

When we talk of ‘globalization’ we often refer to an economic system that has emerged since the last 50 years or so. But as you will see the making of the global world has a long history – of trade, of migration, of people in search of work, the movement of capital, and much else. As we think about the dramatic and visible signs of global interconnectedness in our lives today, we need to understand the phases through which this world in which we live has emerged. All through history, human societies have become steadily more interlinked. From ancient times, travellers, traders, priests and pilgrims travelled vast distances for knowledge, opportunity and spiritual fulfillment, or to escape persecution. They carried goods, money, values, skills, ideas, inventions, and even germs and diseases. As early as 3000 BCE an active coastal trade linked the Indus valley civilizations with present-day West Asia. For more than millennia, cowries from the Maldives found their way to China and East Africa. The long-distance spread of diseasecarrying germs may be traced as far back as the seventh century. By the thirteenth century it had become an unmistakable link. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option

Question : What is the most common perception about ‘globalization’?
(a) Removal of trade boundaries
(b) Development of transportations to travel globally
(c) Invention of multimedia to connect the world
(d) Global changes taken place in 20th century
Answer : A

Question : Which of the following was not the objective behind making a global world?
(a) To gain knowledge
(b) To transport goods
(c) To find the sources of livelihood
(d) To spread disease-carrying germs
Answer : D

Question : In ancient time ‘cowries’ were used as—
(a) To know direction during long sea voyages
(b) A transport medium to cross mountains
(c) A medium of exchange used by traders
(d) To call those who fled from Maldives to China
Answer : C

Question : Find out the wrong statement from the following:
(a) The traces of globalization can be found way back from 3000 BC
(b) During ancient time silk-route played important role to connect Europe and Asia
(c) Several aspects of human life have helped in the making of a global world
(d) The process of globalization has always positive outcomes for humanity
Answer : D