CBSE Class 10 Social Science HOTs Development

Question. Arrange the following state in the order of increasing per capita income.
(i) Bihar
(ii) Haryana
(iii) Kerala
(iv) Uttar Pradesh
Options –
(A) i-ii-iii-iv
(B) ii-iii-iv-i
(C) ii-iv-iii-i
(D) iii-iv-i-ii
Answer : (B)

Question. Which of the following question needs to be answeredw hen thinking of national development?
(a) Would a development plan benefit people from suburbs?
(b) Would a development plan include construction of new buildings?
(c) Would a development plan benefit a large or a small number of people?
(d) Would a development plan lead to increased international trade?
Answer : (c) Would a development plan benefit a large or a small number of people?

Question. Which one of the following option best signifies this picture ?
(A) Private Development System
(B) Public Department System
(C) Pure Domestic System
(D) Public Distribution System
Answer : (D) Public Distribution System

Question. Which of the following states has the highest per capita income?
(a) Punjab
(b) Bihar
(c) Kerala
(d) Tamil Nadu
Answer : (a) Punjab

Question. Which of the following report is published by the UNDP to compare the countries’ education , health and per capita income level standards.
(a) Urban development report
(b) Living index development report
(c) Human development report
(d) Resource development report
Answer : (c) Human development report

Question. Which of the following is true of development?
(a) The notion of development is different for people from different sections of society.
(b) The notion of development can never be conflicting for people from different sections of society.
(c) The notion of development always go hand in hand for industrialists and tribal people.
(d) The notion of development is only associated to higher income.
Answer : (a) The notion of development is different for people from different sections of society.

Question. Which of the following is true for a renewable resource?
(a) Renewable resources can never be overused as they are in abundance.
(b) Renewable resources are replenished by the nature over a period of time.
(c) Renewable resources are fixed, and they are bound to get exhausted.
(d) Renewable resources are available only in developed nations.
Answer : (b) Renewable resources are replenished by the nature over a period of time.

Question. Economy is the sum total of all the economic activities of a society. 
Answer : True

Question. Price of the goods and its demand are inversely proportional to each other.
Answer : True

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

Question. Assertion : Sustainable development is essential for economic growth of the countries.
Reason : Sustainable development ensures that environment friendly measures are adopted for carrying out production processes.
Answer : (a) Sustainable development is essential for economic growth as it involves judicious use of resources which leads to economic growth by reducing wastage.

Question. Assertion : The crude oil reserves are going down for the entire world, and the countries need to find substitute fuel for crude oil. Reason : A country that is dependent on imports for crude oil will demand more crude oil in the future.
Answer : (b) The crude oil resource is becoming scarce, and the countries need to resolve the issue as most of the production tasks are dependent on oil. It is obvious that demand for oil will increase in future as the world population is increasing as a result the demand for oil will also increase.

Question. Assertion : Different people have different developmental goals.
Reason : The capitalist approach to development is detrimental to poor section of the society.
Answer : (b) Different people have different developmental goals because the notion of development is different for different groups of people.

Question. Assertion : The average income of a country is about US$ 12,056; however, the country is still not a developed country.
Reason : The income levels are highly skewed for the country.
Answer : (a) A country can have skewed data of income level, i.e., certain sections of the society are extremely rich; however, a majority of the people are poor. In such a case, the average income is likely to be high for the nation, but the nation cannot be called developed as the income is not distributed in an equitable manner.

Question. Assertion : Non-renewable resources are abundant in nature.
Reason : Non-renewable resources can be replenished over a period of time.
Answer : (d) Non-renewable resources are fixed in amount and will get exhausted after several years of usage.

Read the source given below and answer the following questions.

Once it is realised that even though the level of income is important, yet it is an inadequate measure of the level of development, we begin to think of other criterion. There
could be a long list of such criterion but then it would not be so useful. What we need is a small number of the most important things. Health and education indicators are among them. Over the past decade or so, health and education indicators have come to be widely used along with income as a measure of development. For instance, Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Question. The passage given above suits which one of the following title?
(a) Calculating level of development is complex.
(b) Health and education are important parameters.
(c) HDR is an authentic report.
(d) Money is important aspect of life.
Answer : (b) Health and education are important parameters.

Question. According to the given passage, the role of health and education is equally important as money in our life is evident based on which one of the following statements?
(a) We need is a small number of the most important things.
(b) UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income.
(c) Level of income is an inadequate measure.
(d) There can be many other criterion like education and health.
Answer : (b) UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income.

Question. By publishing HDR, UNDP wants to—
(a) Emphasis on the role of education and health.
(b) Publishes balance development report
(c) Not rely on money as a important aspect of life.
(d) All of the above
Answer : (d) All of the above.

Question. What according to you, among the options given below, should also be considered in HDR?
(a) Number of holidays given to employ.
(b) Clean and safe environment.
(c) Closeness to market.
(d) Number of bridges and flyovers.
Answer : (b) Clean and safe environment.

Read the source given below and answer the following questions.
A vessel dumped 500 tonnes of liquid toxic wastes into open-air dumps in a city and in the surrounding sea.
This happened in a city called Abidjan in Ivory Coast,a country in Africa. The fumes from the highly toxic waste caused nausea, skin rashes, fainting, diarrhoea etc. After a month seven persons were dead, twenty in hospital and twenty six thousand treated for symptoms of poisoning. A multinational company dealing in petroleum and metals had contracted a local company of the Ivory Coast to dispose the toxic waste from its ship.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Question. The passage given above suits which one of the following title?
(a) Wastage of resource
(b) Poor are ignored
(c) Faulty MNC
(d) Save environment
Answer :  (c) Faulty MNC.

Question. Which one of the following statement shows severity of the problem?
(a) A vessel dumped 500 tonnes of liquid toxic wastes.
(b) Waste has been dumped in a city called Abidjan in Ivory Coast.
(c) The fumes from the highly toxic waste caused nausea, skin rashes, fainting and diarrhea.
(d) 7 persons were dead, 20 in hospital and 26,000 treated for symptoms of poisoning.
Answer :  (d) 7 persons were dead, 20 in hospital and 26,000 treated for symptoms of poisoning.

Question. What could the reason of dumping the waste near the living area by MNC?
(a) To fill up land.
(b) To save money by not following proper treatment
(c) Lack of technology
(d) Political pressure
Answer :  (b) To save money by not following proper treatment.

Question. After reading the passage, who has been benefitted from not dumping the waste in a proper way?
(a) MNC
(b) People of Abidjan
(c) Local company of Ivory Coast
(d) Government of Ivory Coast
Answer :  (a) MNC.

Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows–

Source A– Human Development Report Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income. It would be interesting to look at certain relevant data regarding India and its neighbours from Human Development Report 2018.
Source B– Sustainability of development Suppose for the present that a particular country is quite developed. We would certainly like this level of development to go up further or at least be maintained for future generations. However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels, of development are not sustainable.
Source C– Public facilities Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that you get unadulterated medicines, unless you can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases, unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps . Source A– Human Development Report.

Question. ‘Money cannot buy everything.’ Explain the statement.
Answer : Money cannot buy everything. For example, money cannot buy us a pollution free environment unless we can afford to shift to a community that already has all the things. Similarly it is also not able to protect us from infectious diseases, unless we take preventive steps.

Question. What are the criterion used by UNDP to measure the development of different countries ?
Answer :  The criterion used by UNDP to measure the development of different countries are as follows :
(i) Educational level of people
(ii) Health status
(iii) Per capita income Source B– Sustainability of Development

Question. Why is the sustainability of development became very important in the present scenario ?
Answer :  The Sustainability of development became very important in the present scenario because human beings used the vital resources indiscriminately for their greeds. This led to depletion of resources along with various global ecological crises like global warming, ozone layer depletion etc. If this depletion continues, the future of our earth will be in danger. Source C– Public facilities

Question. Name the report published by UNDP which compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income.
Answer : Human Development Report

Question. Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in which age group?
Answer : The age group of 7 years and above.

Question. What is Human Development Index?
Answer : Human Development Index is a composite index of achievements of a nation in terms of three important variables, namely—longevity, knowledge and standard of living that determine the quality of life.

Question. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries?
Answer : The World Bank uses average income or per capita income as a criterion for classifying different countries.

Question. What is the advantage of per capita income? Mention any one.
Answer : It helps to compare the development of countries as per capita income tells us whether people in one country are better off than others in a different country.

Question. On the basis of which three indicators of HDI 2004 Sri Lanka has better rank than India?
Answer : Three indicators of HDI 2004 in which Sri Lanka has better rank than India:
Per capita income- The per capita income of Sri Lanka in US dollars was 4,390 US dollars while that of India was 3,139 US dollars.
Life expectancy at birth- The life expectancy at birth for Sri Lanka was 74, higher than that of India at 64.
Gross enrolment ratio for three levels—Sri Lanka had Gross Enrolment ratio of 69 while that of India was 60.

Question. What is per capita income? Mention any two limitations of per capita income as an indicator of development.
Answer : The total income of a country divided by its total population gives the Per Capita Income. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that are needed to live well. So income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. For example, money can not buy a pollution-free environment or ensure that one gets unadulterated medicines, unless one can afford to shift to a community that already has all these thing

Question. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.
Answer : 1. Total income is not a useful measure for comparison between countries. Since countries have different populations, comparing total income does not tell what an average person is likely to earn. Hence, we use average income which is total income of the country divided by total population.
2. The defect of average as a measure is that it does not show the distribution (dispersion) of income between the rich and the poor.
3. Two countries may have the same average income but in one country almost every family may enjoy more or less the same kind of income, whereas in the other, some may be very rich and others very poor. The disparity between rich and poor is an important feature that the average measure (per capita income) does not consider. Example: In terms of development, we can take the example of India, where the metro towns are full of high-rise buildings and shopping malls while some villages have not yet been provided with a basic necessity like electricity.

Question. What is the main criteria used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criteria, if any? In what respects is the criteriaused by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
Answer : The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries is per capita income.
Limitations of using average income for comparison:
a. Average income hides the disparity.
b. Average income does not tell us the distribution of income among the people.
c. It is just a material criterion for the comparison.
The criteria used by the UNDP for measuring development is different from the one used by the World Bank on the following basis:
a. World Bank uses PCI as a criteria for comparing the countries whereas UNDP uses PCI, health status and educational levels for the comparison.
b. The criteria used by the World Bank is just a material criterion whereas the criteria used by the UNDP is both material and non-material criteria.
c. The criteria used by the World Bank does not give us a real picture of development as it is given by the UNDP.
Subject Enrichment Activity
Activity 1 Make a chart on public facilities.
Activity 2 Compare the public facilities of India and Sri Lanka.

Question. “What may be the development for one may be the destruction for the other.” Explain the statement with appropriate examples.
Answer : It is true to say that what may be the development for one may be the destruction for the other. Sometimes the developmental goals of people may be conflicting in nature and prove destructive for others. For example,
a. Construction of dam could be a development goal for the industrialist but it is a conflicting goal as it would affect the lives of the people living in that area as the local people may get displaced and their livelihood may get disrupted.
b. If there is slum near the high rise buildings then the people of that high rise building will have the developmental goal to remove the slum from that locality which will be a conflicting goal as it would displace the slum peoQ