GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 19 विनोदपद्यानि

Question 1. (क) कस के जघान
(a) कृष्णः
(b) भीमः
(c) बलरामः
(d) उग्रसेनः
Answer: (a) कृष्णः
In simple words: This question asks, "Who killed whom?" The answer states that Krishna was the one who killed.

Exam Tip: For multiple-choice questions in Sanskrit, understand the meaning of the question and each option carefully to pick the right answer.

Question 2. केन कथितं पुत्र लेखं लिख इति?
(a) कृष्णेन
(b) मित्रेण
(c) तातेन
(d) स्वमेव
Answer: (c) तातेन
In simple words: This question asks who told the son to write a letter. The answer says it was the father.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the agent (who performs the action) in Sanskrit questions, as case endings indicate the doer.

Question 3. राजा कः अभूत् गुणोत्तमः?
(a) युधिष्ठिरः
(b) रामः
(c) कृष्णः
(d) विभीषणः
Answer: (b) रामः
In simple words: This question asks which king was the best in terms of qualities. The answer identifies Rama as the king with excellent qualities.

Exam Tip: When a question asks for the best among several, focus on the specific quality mentioned and recall related characters from stories or texts.

Question 4. व्रजन्ति पद्मानि कदा विकासम्?
(a) सूर्योदये
(b) प्रात:काले
(c) प्रभाते
(d) मध्याह्न
Answer: (a) सूर्योदये
In simple words: The question asks when lotus flowers bloom. The answer states that they open during sunrise.

Exam Tip: Sanskrit literature often connects natural phenomena with specific times or events, so understanding these common associations is helpful.

Question 5. एक; केन भक्षितः?
(a) सिंहेन
(b) व्याघ्रण
(c) रोगेण
(d) ध्वनिना
Answer: (b) व्याघ्रण
In simple words: This question asks who ate one person. The answer states that a tiger ate him.

Exam Tip: Be cautious with homonyms or similar-sounding words in options. Read each option carefully to avoid confusion.

2. एकवाक्येन संस्कृतभाषया उत्तरं लिखत – Write answers in one sentence into Sanskrit.

Question 1. पुत्रेण कस्य आज्ञा न लोपिता?
Answer: पुत्रेण पितुः आज्ञा न लोपिता।
In simple words: The son did not ignore the father's command.

Exam Tip: For single-sentence answers, make sure your response directly addresses the question and is grammatically correct in Sanskrit.

Question 2. चक्रवाकी कदा विरहातुरा भवति?
Answer: चक्रवाकी सूर्योदये विरहातुरा भवति।
In simple words: The female ruddy shelduck feels lonely at sunrise.

Exam Tip: Identify the key elements (subject, action, time/cause) in the question to formulate a precise answer.

Question 3. गते भर्तरि प्रिया किं करोति?
Answer: गते भर्तरि प्रिया रोदिति।
In simple words: When her husband leaves, the beloved woman cries.

Exam Tip: Understand the context of the verse to provide an accurate and concise answer about the character's actions.

Question 4. नकारत्रयसंयुक्तस्य नन्दनस्य का नास्ति?
Answer: नकारत्रयसंयुक्तस्य नन्दनस्य दानशक्तिः नास्ति।
In simple words: Nandana, who has three 'न' sounds in his name, does not have the power to give gifts.

Exam Tip: These riddles often rely on wordplay; analyze the structure of the word mentioned (नन्दन) to grasp the hidden meaning.

Question 5. विद्वद्धिः का सदा वन्द्या?
Answer: विदिः विद्या सदा वन्द्या।
In simple words: Knowledge is always respected by wise people.

Exam Tip: Focus on the object of reverence (वन्द्या) and the subject (विद्वद्धिः) to get the correct answer.

Question 6. शीतं कं न बाधते?
Answer: शीतं कम्बलवन्तं न बाधते।
In simple words: Cold does not affect someone who possesses a blanket.

Exam Tip: This is a simple logic-based question. Think about who is protected from cold and what offers that protection.

3. निम्नलिखितानां पदानां समासप्रकारं लिखत – Write the types of compound.

Question 1. गुणोत्तमः
Answer: (गुणेषु उत्तमः)-सप्तमी तत्पुरुष समास
In simple words: "गुणोत्तमः" means "best among qualities" and is a "Saptami Tatpurusha Samasa," where the second part is related to the first part by the seventh case.

Exam Tip: For Tatpurusha compounds, identify the case ending that connects the two parts to determine the specific type of Tatpurusha Samasa.

Question 2. विहातुरा
Answer: (विरहेण आतुरा)-तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास
In simple words: "विहातुरा" means "distressed by separation" and is a "Tritiya Tatpurusha Samasa," showing a relationship through the third case.

Exam Tip: Understand the meaning of each word in the compound; "विरहेण" (by separation) indicates the third case, which is key for Tritiya Tatpurusha.

Question 3. सूर्योदय:
Answer: (सूर्यस्य उदयः)-षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास
In simple words: "सूर्योदयः" means "sunrise" or "rising of the sun" and is a "Shashthi Tatpurusha Samasa," indicating a possessive relationship through the sixth case.

Exam Tip: The genitive case (Shashthi) often shows ownership or relationship, which helps in identifying Shashthi Tatpurusha compounds.

Question 4. दानशक्तिः
Answer: (दानस्य शक्तिः)-षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास
In simple words: "दानशक्तिः" means "power of giving" or "ability to donate" and is a "Shashthi Tatpurusha Samasa," showing a possessive link through the sixth case.

Exam Tip: Practice identifying the underlying grammatical relationship between the words in a compound to correctly classify its type.

Question 5. लोकनाथः
Answer: (लोकाः नाथाः यस्य सः) – बहुव्रीहि समास अथवा (लोकना नाथ:)-षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास
In simple words: "लोकनाथः" can mean "one whose master is the people" (Bahuvrihi Samasa) or "master of the people" (Shashthi Tatpurusha Samasa), depending on the specific interpretation.

Exam Tip: Some compounds can have multiple interpretations, leading to different Samasa types. Be ready to explain both possibilities if applicable.

4. प्रदत्तान् शब्दान् प्रयुज्य वाक्यानि विरचयत - make sentences by using given words.

Question 1. What a (which) powerful man does not suffer from cold? (किम् बलवत् शीत न बाध्?)
Answer: (कं बलवन्त शीतं न बाधते)
In simple words: The question asks to create a Sanskrit sentence for "What powerful man does not suffer from cold?" The answer provides the sentence "कं बलवन्त शीतं न बाधते."

Exam Tip: When forming sentences from given words, ensure correct case endings and verb conjugations to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Question 2. King Rama has best qualities. (नृप राम गुणोत्तम अस्।)
Answer: नृपः रामः गुणोत्तमः अस्ति।
In simple words: The sentence "King Rama has best qualities" is translated into Sanskrit as "नृपः रामः गुणोत्तमः अस्ति."

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the correct forms of nouns and verbs (e.g., adding `ः` for nominative masculine singular, and using `अस्ति` for 'is').

Question 3. When does a lotus blossom? (पद्म कदा विकास व्रज्?)
Answer: पद्मम् सूर्योदय व्रजति।
In simple words: The question asks when a lotus blossoms. The answer states that the lotus blooms at sunrise.

Exam Tip: For simple questions, make sure the subject, verb, and any temporal adverbs are correctly placed and conjugated.

Question 4. There is 'न' in the beginning and at the end. (आदि नकरा अस् परतः अपि नकार अस्।)
Answer: आदौ नकराः अस्ति परतः अपि नकारः अस्ति।
In simple words: The phrase "There is 'न' in the beginning and at the end" is rendered in Sanskrit as "आदौ नकराः अस्ति परतः अपि नकारः अस्ति."

Exam Tip: Focus on accurately translating prepositions like 'in the beginning' (आदौ) and 'at the end' (परतः) for precise meaning.

Question 5. I am 'तुर' when the first letter is removed. (प्रथम वि + हा + त्वात्र्य अस्मद् 'तुर' अस्।)
Answer: प्रथम विहाय अहम् तुरः अस्मि।
In simple words: The riddle "I am 'tur' when the first letter is removed" is phrased in Sanskrit as "प्रथम विहाय अहम् तुरः अस्मि."

Exam Tip: These riddles test your understanding of word structure and meaning. Ensure the Sanskrit sentence correctly reflects the riddle's logic.

5. मातृभाषायाम् उत्तरत – Write answer in mother tounge.

Question 1. कं संजघान कृष्ण:? What are the two meanings of this sentence?
Answer: The two meanings are as follows:
1. Whom did Krishna kill?
2. If read as कंसं जधान कृष्ण:। Krishna killed Kansa.
In simple words: This sentence has two possible meanings. It can either ask "Who did Krishna kill?" or, if read slightly differently, it means "Krishna killed Kansa."

Exam Tip: Be aware that some Sanskrit sentences can have double meanings depending on how they are read or interpreted. Always consider context and word separation.

Question 2. Why is Nandana not able to donate?
Answer: According to the poet, the very name makes him unable to donate. There is न in the beginning, द in the end, and the middle letter is hit by न. So, there are three नन्दन in the name.
In simple words: The poet suggests that Nandana cannot donate because his name itself, "नन्दन," contains three 'न' sounds (न in the beginning, द at the end, and न hitting the middle letter). This wordplay implies his inability to give.

Exam Tip: This question involves wordplay. To answer well, explain how the structure or meaning of the name (नन्दन) relates to the character's characteristic (inability to donate).

Question 3. In fact how many persons went for bathing?
Answer: One man and nineteen women went for bathing. Or one man and twenty women total 21 persons went for taking a bath.
In simple words: Originally, one man and nineteen women went for bathing. If you count one man and twenty women, it totals 21 people who went to bathe.

Exam Tip: These riddles often play on numbers or phrasing. Carefully analyze how the numbers are presented and if there's a trick to the counting.

Question 4. Why a king and a beggar are called Lokanatha?
Answer: A king is Lokanatha in the sense that he is the ruler or guardian of people (लोकानाम् नाथ:). The beggar has no money and depends on the people, so he is the one whose masters or guardians (लोकानामू नाथ) people are (नाथाः यस्य सः).
In simple words: A king is called Lokanatha because he rules and protects the people. A beggar is also called Lokanatha because he relies on the people for his needs, making them his masters or guardians.

Exam Tip: This question explores double meanings. Clearly state both interpretations of "Lokanatha" and explain how each applies to the king and the beggar.

6. 'श्लोकान् अनुलक्ष्य यथायोग्यं संजोजयत Match the following slokas.

Question. Match the following slokas.
'क'
1. एको न विंशतिः स्त्रीणाम्
2. बहुव्रीहिरहं राजन्
3. विद्वद्भिः का सदा वन्द्या
4. तातेन कथितं पुत्र
5. का दानशक्तिः
'ख'
1. चात्रैवोक्तं न बुध्यते।
2. स्नानार्थं सरयूं गता।
3. खलु नन्दनस्य।
4. पाण्डवाः हर्षमागताः ।
5. षष्ठीतत्पुरुषो भवान्।
6. लेखं लिख ममाज्ञया।
Answer:
1. एको न विंशतिः स्त्रीणाम् - स्नानार्थं सरयूं गता।
2. बहुव्रीहिरहं राजन् - षष्ठीतत्पुरुषो भवान्।।
3. विद्वन्दिः का सदा वन्द्या - चात्रैवोक्तं न बुध्यते।
4. तातेन कथितं पुत्र - लेखं लिख ममाज्ञया।
5. का दानशक्तिः - खलु नन्दनस्य।
In simple words: Match each part from column 'क' with its correct corresponding part from column 'ख' to form complete phrases or ideas.

Exam Tip: When matching items, read both columns carefully to understand the context and possible connections before making your final choices.

1. अधोदत्तानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि संस्कृतभाषायाम् लिखत – Write answers of the given questions into Sanskrit.

Question 1. तातेन पुत्राय किं कथितम्?
Answer: तातेन पुत्राय कथितम् – हे पुत्र, ममाज्ञया लेखं लिख।।
In simple words: The father told his son, "Son, write a letter as per my command."

Exam Tip: When quoting direct speech in Sanskrit, ensure the use of the correct verb for "said" (कथितम्) and proper punctuation if translating.

Question 2. का शीतलवाहिनी अस्ति?
Answer: गगां काशीतलवाहिनी अस्ति।
In simple words: The cool-flowing river is the Ganga near Kashi.

Exam Tip: Identify descriptive adjectives like "शीतलवाहिनी" (cool-flowing) and the noun they refer to (Ganga) to answer clearly.

Question 3. सीमन्तिनीषु का शान्ता अस्ति?
Answer: सीमन्तिनीषु सीता शान्ता अस्ति।
In simple words: Among women, Sita is the calmest.

Exam Tip: Recall well-known characters and their prominent qualities mentioned in the texts to answer such questions.

Question 4. कस्य खलु दानशक्तिः नास्ति?
Answer: नन्दनस्य खलु दानशक्तिः नास्ति।
In simple words: Nandana certainly does not have the ability to donate.

Exam Tip: Remember the wordplay on "नन्दन" (containing three 'न's for 'no') that indicates his lack of donating power.

Question 5. सरयूतः का पुनरायाता?
Answer: सरयूतः स्त्रीणां विंशतिः पुनरायाता।
In simple words: Twenty women returned from the Sarayu river.

Exam Tip: Focus on the numbers and the actions described in the riddle. In this case, it’s about a group of women returning.

Question 6. कौ लोकनाथौ स्तः?
Answer: राजेन्द्र च भिक्षुकः च लोकनाथौ स्तः।
In simple words: Both the king and the beggar are called Lokanatha.

Exam Tip: Remember the dual meaning of "Lokanatha" to identify both the ruler and the one dependent on people.

2. अधोदत्तानां शब्दानां समानार्थकान् शब्दान् (पर्यायशब्दान्) लिखत – Write synonyms of the following words.

Question 1. 'तातेन' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(a) भ्रात्रा
(b) बन्धुना
(c) पित्रा
(d) मित्रेण
Answer: (c) पित्रा
In simple words: The synonym for 'तातेन' (by father) is 'पित्रा', which also means "by father."

Exam Tip: When finding synonyms, ensure the word is in the same grammatical case and number as the original word.

Question 2. 'गगां' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(a) भगीरथी
(b) भागीरथी
(c) नदी
(d) जहनुकन्या
Answer: (b) भागीरथी
In simple words: The synonym for 'गगां' (Ganga) is 'भागीरथी', another name for the same sacred river.

Exam Tip: Many significant rivers and deities in Sanskrit have multiple names. Learn these alternative names for better vocabulary.

Question 3. 'रोदिति' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(a) आक्रन्दति
(b) विलपति
(c) विलसति
(d) रोहति
Answer: (a) आक्रन्दति
In simple words: The synonym for 'रोदिति' (cries) is 'आक्रन्दति', which also means "cries out" or "weeps."

Exam Tip: Understand the nuances of similar-meaning words. While 'विलपति' also implies lamenting, 'आक्रन्दति' is a more direct synonym for crying.

Question 4. 'ना' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(a) न
(b) नरः
(c) पुरुषः
(d) कोऽपि जनः
Answer: (c) पुरुषः
In simple words: The synonym for 'ना' (man) is 'पुरुषः', which directly means "man" or "person."

Exam Tip: Be careful with short words. The question asks for a synonym for 'ना' as in 'man', not the negative particle 'न'.

Question 5. 'हित्वा' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(a) गत्वा
(b) व्यक्त्वा
(c) स्नात्वा
(d) भूत्वा
Answer: (b) व्यक्त्वा
In simple words: The synonym for 'हित्वा' (having left/abandoned) is 'व्यक्त्वा', which also means "having given up" or "having abandoned."

Exam Tip: Recognize prefixes and suffixes; words ending in '-त्वा' are gerunds, and their synonyms will also be gerunds.

3. अधोदत्तानां शब्दानां विरुद्धार्थकान् शब्दान् लिखत – Write antonyms of the following words.

Question 1. 'शीतलंः' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(a) शीतः
(b) कवोष्णः
(c) उष्णः
(d) उग्रः
Answer: (c) उष्णः
In simple words: The opposite of 'शीतलंः' (cold) is 'उष्णः', meaning "hot."

Exam Tip: Antonyms usually have a direct opposite meaning. Think of common pairings like cold/hot, strong/weak.

Question 2. 'बलवन्तम्' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(a) समर्थम्
(b) सशक्तम्
(c) निर्बलम्
(d) नीरोगम्
Answer: (c) निर्बलम्
In simple words: The opposite of 'बलवन्तम्' (strong) is 'निर्बलम्', which means "weak."

Exam Tip: Look for prefixes that indicate negation or opposition, such as 'निर्-' (nih-) which means 'without' or 'lacking'.

Question 3. 'गुणोत्तम्' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(a) गुणश्रेष्ठः
(b) अवगुणपूर्णः
(c) गुणहीनः
(d) अवगुणी
Answer: (c) गुणहीनः
In simple words: The opposite of 'गुणोत्तम्' (excellent in qualities) is 'गुणहीनः', meaning "devoid of qualities" or "inferior in quality."

Exam Tip: Recognize that 'उत्तम' (best) has 'हीन' (lacking) as an antonym. Combining this with 'गुण' (quality) gives the opposite meaning.

Question 4. 'आयाता' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(a) अयाता
(b) याता
(c) निर्याता
(d) प्रयाता
Answer: (b) याता
In simple words: The opposite of 'आयाता' (came) is 'याता', which means "went."

Exam Tip: Think of actions that are direct opposites, such as coming versus going, to find the correct antonym.

4. अधोदत्तानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि लिखत – Write questions of the given questions.

Question 1. कृष्णः कं जघान?
(a) राक्षसम्
(b) पूतनाम्
(c) रावणम्
(d) कंसम्
Answer: (d) कंसम्
In simple words: The question asks whom Krishna killed. The answer states that he killed Kansa.

Exam Tip: This is a direct factual question from mythology. Recalling key events and characters will help answer correctly.

Question 2. तातेन पुत्राय किं कथितम्?
(a) पुत्र, गृहं गच्छ
(b) पुत्र, काव्यं पठ
(c) पुत्र, गीतं गाय
(d) पुत्र, लेख लिख
Answer: (d) पुत्र, लेख लिख
In simple words: The question asks what the father told his son. The answer is that he told him to write a letter.

Exam Tip: Carefully read each option to determine which one accurately reflects the instruction given by the father.

Question 3. रामः कीदृशः राजा आसीत्?
(a) गुणवान्
(b) शीलवान्
(c) गुणोत्तम्:
(d) प्रजावत्सलः
Answer: (c) गुणोत्तम्:
In simple words: The question asks what kind of king Rama was. The answer is that he was excellent in qualities.

Exam Tip: When describing a character's nature, choose the adjective that best summarizes their most prominent characteristic from the text.

Question 4. रात्रौ चक्रवकी कीदृशी?
(a) विरहातुरा
(b) क्षुधातुरा
(c) तृषातुरा
(d) क्रोधाविष्टा
Answer: (a) विरहातुरा
In simple words: The question asks what the female ruddy shelduck is like at night. The answer is that she is distressed by separation.

Exam Tip: Recall the specific emotional state or condition described for the character in the given context, especially during particular times of day.

Question 5. 'स्त्रीणां विंशतिः स्नानार्थ सरयूम् ............।' रिक्तस्थाने उचितं क्रियापदं किम्?
(a) अयात्
(b) आयाताम्
(c) अयान्-अयुः
(d) अयात
Answer: (a) अयात्
In simple words: The question asks for the correct verb to complete the sentence "Twenty women to Sarayu for bathing." The answer is "अयात्" (went).

Exam Tip: When filling in blanks, ensure the verb agrees in number and tense with the subject ('स्त्रीणां विंशतिः' - twenty women).

5. सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरूत – Dissolve sandhis.

Question 1. 'ममाज्ञया' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(a) मम् + आज्ञया
(b) मम + आज्ञया
(c) मम + अज्ञया
(d) ममा + ज्ञया
Answer: (b) मम + आज्ञया
In simple words: The word 'ममाज्ञया' breaks down into 'मम' (my) and 'आज्ञया' (by command).

Exam Tip: When performing sandhi vichheda, look for vowel elongation or consonant changes that indicate two words have joined.

Question 2. 'पितुराज्ञा' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(a) पितु + राज्ञा
(b) पितुः राज्ञा
(c) पितुः + आज्ञा
(d) पितू + आज्ञा
Answer: (c) पितुः + आज्ञा
In simple words: The word 'पितुराज्ञा' separates into 'पितुः' (father's) and 'आज्ञा' (command).

Exam Tip: Remember rules for Visarga Sandhi, where 'ः' (visarga) can change to 'र्' (r) before a vowel or soft consonant.

Question 3. 'पुनरायाता' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(a) पुन + रायाता
(b) पुनः + अयाता
(c) पुनः + आयाता
(d) पुनर् + अपाता
Answer: (c) पुनः + आयाता
In simple words: The word 'पुनरायाता' splits into 'पुनः' (again) and 'आयाता' (came).

Exam Tip: Be mindful of how a visarga (ः) changes to 'र्' (r) when followed by a vowel or certain consonants in sandhi.

विनोदपद्यानि Introduction:

Poets have explored many ways to use words in languages. They see words as toys or play things. In this lesson, you will read various enjoyable verses. The first and third verses contain questions and their answers. The second and sixth verses have riddles that can be solved by slightly changing how letters are arranged. Verse number 7 is a quiz with clues. Verse number 5 is a joke about the name नन्दन. Verse 4 is likely a puzzle where the seemingly impossible स्योदये रोदिति चक्रवाकी is cleverly placed within the verse. Verse number 8 focuses on two different ways to explain the compound word लोकनाथ.

विनोदपद्यानि Prose-Order, Translation and Glossary

कं संजघान कृष्णः का शीतलवाहिनी गङ्गा।
के दारपोषणरता के बलवन्तं न बाधते शीतम्।।1।।

Prose-order: कृष्णः क संजधान? (कृष्णः कसम् जघान।) का शीतलवाहिनी गंगा? (काशीतलवाहिनी गङ्गा।) दारपोषणरताः के? (केदारपोषणरताः – कृषकाः ।) कं बलवन्तं शीतं न बाधते? (कम्बलवन्तं शीतं न बाधते।)

Translation: (This verse contains four questions and their answers also) Whom did Krishna kill? (Kansa) Which river flows in a cool manner? (काशीतलवाहिनी – the river flowing through Kashi) Which strong man does the cold not bother? (कम्बलवन्तम् – the one who has a coarse woolen blanket) Who are engrossed in nourishing (feeding) their wives? (केदारपोषण रतगः – farmers who are engaged in cultivating fields.)

Note: Join the question word and the first letter of the second word to get the answer to the first question (4). In all the other questions, join the question word and the next word to get the answers. The answer is always hidden within the question itself.

Glossary: कं संजधान – Whom did (Krishna) kill?, कंसं जधानं (he) killed Kansa का शीतलवाहिनी – which flows coolly? काशीतलवाहिनी – (the river) that flows on the surface/ground (नल) of Kashi, के दारपोष णरवा: – who are engrossed (रवाः) in nourishing wives? केदारपोषणरताः – (those) engrossed in cultivating the field, कं बलवन्तम् – to which strong man कम्बलवन्तम् – who has a rough/coarse woolen blanket?

तातेन कधितं पुत्र लेख लिख ममाज्ञया।
न तेन लिखितो लेखः पितुराज्ञा न लोपिता।।2।।

Prose-order: तातेन कथितम्- (हे) पुत्र, मम आज्ञया लेखम् लिख। नतेन लेखः लिखितः (नतेन तेन लेख: लिखितः) पितुः आज्ञा न लोपिता।

Translation: It was told by the father, “Son, write an article by my order.” The article was not written by him (or bowing down, he wrote). Father's order was not disobeyed.

Note: Read न तेन and the verse becomes a riddle. It is solved by reading it as नतेन।

Glossary: तातेन – by father, कथितम् – it was told, मम आज्ञया – by my order, त तेन – it was not (written) by him (Alternatively) नतेन – bowing down, न लोपिता – was not disobeyed.

सीमन्तिनीषु का शान्ता राजा कोऽभूत् गुणोत्तमः।
विद्वभ्दिः का सदा वन्द्या चात्रैवोक्तं न बुध्यते।।3।।

Prose-order: सीमन्तिनीषु का शान्ता? कः राजा गुणोत्तमः अभूत्? विद्वन्दिः का सदा वन्द्या? अत्र एव उक्तम् न बुध्यते।

Translation: Who is quiet among the married ladies? Who was the best king in respect of qualities? Who is always worthy to be saluted by the scholars? All this is said here in this verse itself but is not understood.

Note: Take the first and the last letter of each question to get the answers. So, रामः and सरल (simplified from 'farul' assuming a typo for clarity in explanation) are the respective answers.

Glossary: सीमन्तिनीषु – among the married ladies, गुणोत्तम – excellent in qualities, गुणेषु उत्तमः – सप्तमी तत्पुरुष समास, विद्वभिदः – by the scholars, विद्वस् (Adjective ending in स्) masculine instrumental plural, कोऽभूत – क: + अभूत who had been, अभूत – भू (1P) Aorist, (लुङ् लकार), third person singular, वन्द्या – worth-saluting, worthy of being bowed down to वन्द् (1A), Potential passive participle (कर्मणि विध्यर्थक विशेषण) feminine nominative singular, अम एव – here (in this verse) itself उक्तम् – it is said, न बुध्यते – is not understood.

व्रजन्ति पानि कदा विकास प्रिया गते भर्तीर किं करोति।
रात्री च नित्यं विरहातुरा का सूर्योदये रोदिति चक्रवाकी।4।।

Prose-order: पद्यानि कदा विकासम् व्रजन्ति? (सूर्योदये) भर्तरि गते प्रिया किम् करोति ? (रोदिति) रात्री च नित्यम् का विरहाकुला (भवति)? (चक्रवाकी)।

Translation: When do lotuses bloom? What does a beloved do when her husband dies? Who becomes unhappy due to separation every night? (The respective answers are) At the sunrise, cries, the female ruddy shelduck bird.

Note: The last line सूर्योदये रोदिति चक्रवाकी makes us wonder. The pair of ruddy shelduck birds find themselves together in the morning and are happy at sunrise. Why should then the female cry? Later we know that this is not one sentence but three one-word answers to the preceding three questions.

Glossary: विकासम् व्रजन्ति – विकसन्ति, (they) bloom भर्तरि गते – when the husband dies, This is locative absolute construction (सति सप्तमी) which can be replaced by, यदा भर्ता गतः तवा, रोदिति – cries, विरष्टा-कुला-विरहेण आकुला – तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास, – adversely affected by separation.

आदौ नकराः परतो नकरा: मध्ये नकरारेण हतो दकराः।
एवं नकरात्रयसंयुतस्य का दानशक्तिः खलु नन्दनस्य।।5।।

Prose-order: आदौ नकराः परतः नकरा; मध्ये नकारेण हतः दकराः। एवं नकरात्रयसंयुतस्य नन्दनस्य खलु का दानशक्तिः (भवेत्)?

Translation: The letter 'न' is in the beginning, and 'न' is at the end. In the middle, the letter 'द' is affected by 'न'. In this way, how can there be the ability to give in charity to the son named नन्दन with the combination of the three 'न's?

Note: This is a witticism on the word (son) which is also a name that actually means one who makes (his) parents happy.

Glossary: नकारः – the letter न दकारः – the letter द नकारेण हतः – hit with (the letter) न adjective of the noun, 'दकारः' नकारत्रयसंयुतस्य – of the one who is consisting of three, नकार – (letter न, negatives); नकाराणाम् त्रयम् नकारत्रयम् – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास, नकारत्रयेणे संयुतः तस्य-तृतीया तत्पुरुष समासा

एको ना विंशतिः स्त्रीणां सन्नानार्थ सरयुं गताः।
विंशतिः पुनरायाताः एको व्यानेण भक्षितः।।6।।

Prose-order: एकोनविंशतिः स्त्रीणाम् (एक: ना स्त्रीणाम् विशतिः) स्थानार्थम् सरयूम् गताः। विंशतिः पुनः आयोता, व्याघ्रण एकः (ना) भक्षितः।

Translation: Nineteen women went to the river Sarayu for taking a bath. Twenty came back again. One (man) was eaten by the tiger.

Note: This verse is a riddle when the first word is read as एकोनविंशतिः (nineteen एकेन कनः विंशतिः). To solve it, we should read it as एक: ना- one man स्त्रीरणां विंशतिः – twenty women.

Glossary: एको ना विंशतिः स्वीणाम् – one man (ना) and twenty women, एकोनविंशतिः स्त्रीणाम् – nineteen women, स्नानार्थम्-स्नानाय इति – चतुर्थी तत्पुरुष समास, for taking bath, सरयूम् गताः सरयूम् अगच्छन्, went to the river Sarayu विंशतिः – twenty (women), पुनः आयाताः – came back again. एकः – one, व्याघ्रण भक्षितः – was eaten by a tiger.

तुरोऽहं प्रथम हित्वा चरोऽस्मि मध्यमं विना।
आधमध्यान्तिमैर्युक्तः को भवामि वदन्तु भोः।।7।।

Prose-order: प्रथमम् हित्वा तुरः अहम् मध्यमम् विना चरः अस्मि। आद्यमध्यान्तिमैः युक्तः (अहम्) का भवामि (इति) भोः वदन्तु।

Translation: Leaving the first (letter), I am 'तुर'. I am 'चर' without the middle (letter). Tell me, O sirs, who am I, combined with the first, middle, and last letters?

Note: The answer is चतुरः

Glossary: प्रथमम् (अक्षरम्) हित्वा – leaving the first (letter), हित्वा – हा (3P), त्वान्त gerund, (संबंधक भूतकृन्दत), तुरः (Tam) तुर मध्यम विना – without the middle (letter), चरः – (I am) चरः आद्यमध्यान्तिमः युक्तः – with the first, middle, and last (letters) आद्यः च मध्यः च अन्तिमः च, तैः – इतरेतर द्वंद्व समासा, भोः वदन्तु – O please say, वदन्तु is the verb of the subject, 'भवन्तः' which is understood.

अहं च त्वं च राजेन्द्र लोकनाथावुभावपि।
बहुव्रीहिरहं राजन् षष्ठीतत्पुरुषो भवान्॥४॥

Prose-order: (हे) राजेन्द्र, अहम् च त्वम् च उभौ अपि लोकनाथो (स्व:)। (हे) राजन्, अहम् बहुव्रीहिः, भवान् षष्ठी तत्पुरुषः (अस्ति।)

Translation: O great king. You and I are both Lokanatha, O king. In my case, it is a Bahuvrihi (compound). Your majesty's case is a Shashthi Tatpurusha (compound).

Note: The term is applicable to both the king and the poet. The king is the ruler of people. The poet is the man whose rulers are the people.