GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 17 आचार्यः चरकः

1. विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चिनुत - Choose suitable answers from following alternatives.

Question 1. चरकसंहितायाः प्रकरणेषु कति अध्यायाः सन्ति?
(क) 120
(ख) 122
(ग) 100
(घ) 210
Answer: (क) 120
In simple words: Charaka Samhita, a key Ayurvedic book, contains 120 chapters that explore different aspects of medicine.

Exam Tip: Remember specific numerical facts about important texts like the Charaka Samhita, as these often appear in objective questions.

Question 2. हिताहारविहारसेवी नरः कीदृशो भवति ?
(क) अरोगी
(ख) विद्वान्
(ग) आप्तोपसेवीं
(घ) बलवान्
Answer: (क) अरोगी
In simple words: A person who consumes beneficial food and maintains a good lifestyle remains healthy and free from diseases.

Exam Tip: Focus on understanding the core principles of Ayurveda, such as the importance of proper diet and conduct for health, which often form the basis of such questions.

Question 3. 'ज्वरः' इति शब्दस्य अर्थः कः?
(क) Jewellery
(ख) Fever
(ग) Little
(घ) Old age
Answer: (ख) Fever
In simple words: The Sanskrit word 'Jvaraḥ' directly means "fever" in English.

Exam Tip: Build a strong vocabulary of Sanskrit terms and their meanings, especially those related to health and daily life, to correctly answer direct translation questions.

Question 4. 'उचितः' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थः कः?
(क) निश्चितः
(ख) अरुचिः
(ग) सूचितः
(घ) अनुचितः
Answer: (घ) अनुचितः
In simple words: The opposite meaning of 'Uchitaḥ' (proper or appropriate) is 'Anuchitaḥ' (improper or inappropriate).

Exam Tip: Practice identifying antonyms and synonyms for common Sanskrit words, paying attention to prefixes like 'an-' which often indicate negation.

Question 5. 'रागरहितः' इति शब्दस्य समासप्रकारं लिखत।
(क) षष्ठी तत्पुरुष
(ख) द्वितीय तत्पुरुष
(ग) तृतीया तत्पुरुष
(घ) पञ्चमी तत्पुरुष
Answer: (ग) तृतीया तत्पुरुष
In simple words: The term 'Rāgarahitaḥ' means "free from attachment" or "without passion," which falls under the Tritīyā Tatpuruṣa category of compounds.

Exam Tip: Learn the different types of Sanskrit compounds (Samāsa) and recognize how they are formed to correctly classify words like 'Rāgarahitaḥ'.

Question 6. 'कुत्रापि' इति शब्दस्य योग्यसन्धिविच्छेदं दर्शयत।
(क) कुत्रा + अपि
(ख) कुत्र + अपि
(ग) कु + तत्र + अपि
(घ) कु + त्रापि
Answer: (ख) कुत्र + अपि
In simple words: The correct way to separate the word 'Kutrāpi' into its original parts is 'Kutra' (where) and 'Api' (also/even), which forms 'anywhere'.

Exam Tip: When splitting compound words (Sandhi), look for the original base words and common connecting vowels or consonants to find the accurate breakdown.

2. एकवाक्येन संस्कृतभाषया उत्तरं लिखत - Write answers in one sentence into sanskrit.

Question 1. आचार्यचरकस्य क : ग्रन्थः सुप्रसिद्धः वर्तते?
Answer: 'चरकसंहिता' नाम आचार्यचरकस्य ग्रन्थः सुप्रसिद्धः वर्तते।
In simple words: The book called 'Charaka Samhita' is very well-known and famous, written by Acharya Charaka.

Exam Tip: When asked about famous works, remember to include the author's name along with the title of the treatise for a complete answer.

Question 2. चरकस्य ग्रन्थे कस्य व्याख्यानं वर्तते?
Answer: चरकस्य ग्रन्थे सहस्रद्वयम् औषधयोगानां विस्तृतं व्याख्यानं वर्तते।
In simple words: Charaka's book contains a detailed explanation of about two thousand medicinal formulations.

Exam Tip: Be specific about the content of Charaka's work, particularly mentioning the extensive descriptions of medicinal recipes.

Question 3. औषधस्य आवश्यकता कदा भवति?
Answer: यदा रोगः शरीरे प्रविशति, तदा औषधस्य आवश्यकता भवति।
In simple words: Medicine is needed when a disease enters the body.

Exam Tip: State the condition clearly and concisely for when medication becomes necessary, as per the Ayurvedic view.

Question 4. स्वास्थ्ये कस्य प्रभावो भवति ?
Answer: स्वास्थ्ये व्यवहारस्य प्रभावो भवति।
In simple words: A person's conduct significantly affects their health.

Exam Tip: Highlight the importance of 'Vyavahāra' (conduct) in influencing well-being, reflecting a holistic health perspective.

3. रेखाङ्कितपदानि आधृत्य प्रश्नवाक्यं रचयत - Make interrogative sentences of the following underlined word. (कस्य, केन, कः, कस्मै)

Question 1. चरकाचार्यस्य चरकसंहितानामकः सुप्रसिद्धः ग्रन्थः वर्तते।
Answer: कस्य चरकसंहितानामकः सुप्रसिद्धः ग्रन्थः वर्तते?
In simple words: To make a question about 'whose' Charaka Samhita, we change 'Charakāchāryasya' to 'Kasya'.

Exam Tip: When forming questions about possession ('whose'), use the interrogative pronoun 'Kasya' (कस्य) to replace the possessive noun.

Question 2. चरकाचार्यः भारते औषधविज्ञानस्य प्रवर्तकः इति मन्यते।
Answer: कः भारते औषधविज्ञानस्य प्रवर्तकः इति मन्यते?
In simple words: To ask 'who' is considered the founder of pharmacology in India, we replace 'Charakāchāryaḥ' with 'Kaḥ'.

Exam Tip: For questions asking 'who' or 'what' (masculine singular nominative), use 'Kaḥ' (कः) to replace the subject of the sentence.

Question 3. मानवेन सम्यक् व्यवहारः करणीयः।
Answer: केन सम्यक् व्यवहारः करणीयः?
In simple words: To question 'by whom' proper behavior should be done, we substitute 'Mānaveṇa' with 'Kena'.

Exam Tip: Use 'Kena' (केन) when forming a question about the agent (by whom) in a sentence, typically replacing a noun in the instrumental case.

4. वर्गसहितम् अनुनासिकपदं लिखत – Write अनुनासिक with doss.

5. स्वभाषाम् अनुवादं कुरुत – Translate into your own language.

Question 1. आयुर्वेदस्य प्राचीनतमेषु विश्वविख्यातेषु च ग्रन्थेषु अस्य गणना भवति।
Answer: This treatise is counted among the most ancient and world-famous works.
In simple words: This book is considered one of the oldest and most well-known writings in the world.

Exam Tip: For translation questions, accurately convey the main idea while preserving the formality of the original text, then simplify in the "In simple words" section.

Question 2. अत्र प्रायः सहस्रद्वयम् औषधयोगाना विस्तृत व्याख्यानमस्ति।
Answer: Here there is an exhaustive description of approximately two thousand formulas of medicines.
In simple words: This book provides a very thorough explanation of about 2,000 different medicine recipes.

Exam Tip: When translating, pay attention to quantifiers and adjectives (e.g., 'sahastradvayam' for two thousand, 'vistṛta' for exhaustive) to capture the exact meaning.

Question 3. निखिलमपि आयुर्वेदसाहित्यम् आचार्यचरकस्य उच्छिष्टमस्ति।
Answer: The whole Ayurveda literature is the leftover of Acharya Charaka.
In simple words: All Ayurvedic writings that exist are considered to be built upon the foundations laid by Acharya Charaka.

Exam Tip: Understand the metaphorical meaning of phrases like 'leftover' (उच्छिष्टमस्ति) in context, which implies a foundational or seminal contribution, rather than a literal translation.

Question 4. नरः हितस्य आहारस्य विहारस्य च सेवनं करोति सः रोगरहितो भवति।
Answer: The man who consumes beneficial food and practices right conduct becomes free from disease.
In simple words: If someone eats healthy food and lives well, they will not get sick.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the connection between diet, lifestyle, and health outcomes as a key teaching point in Ayurvedic texts.

Question 5. यदा रोगः शरीरे प्रविष्टो भवति तदा औषधस्य आवश्यकता भवति।
Answer: Medicine is necessary when the disease enters our body.
In simple words: When illness comes into our body, medicine is then needed.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the cause-and-effect relationship between disease onset and the requirement for medicinal intervention.

GSEB Class 9 Sanskrit आचार्यः चरकः Textbook Questions and Answers

1. अधोदत्तानि वाक्यानि घटनाक्रमानुसारं पुनः लिखत – Rewrite the sentences according to events.

Question 1. किम् औषधं विना सम्यक् व्यवहारेणापि जन: रोग-रहितः भवितुमर्हति?
Answer: न, रोगस्य प्रवेशं विना अपि सम्यक् व्यवहारेण जनः रोगरहितः भवति, परं रोगे प्रविष्टे औषधम् आवश्यकम्।
In simple words: No, a person can stay healthy with proper behavior even without disease, but if disease enters, medicine is required.

Exam Tip: For philosophical questions, provide a balanced answer that acknowledges the role of both lifestyle for prevention and medicine for treatment.

Question 2. आयुर्वेदस्य प्राचीनतमेषु विश्वविख्यातेषु च गन्थेषु अस्य गणना भवति।
Answer: एतेषु सर्वेषु प्रकरणेषु संमिल्य विंशत्युत्तर-एकशतम् (120) अध्यायाः सन्ति।
In simple words: In all these sections, there are a total of 120 chapters combined.

Exam Tip: When reordering or connecting sentences, ensure the new sentence provides relevant, sequential, or explanatory information to the preceding statement.

Question 3. अथ च आयुर्वेदशास्त्रीयं यत् ज्ञानं चरकसंहितायां वर्तते तदेव सर्वत्र वर्तते।
Answer: अथ च आयुर्वेदशास्त्रीयं यत् ज्ञानं चरकसहितायां वर्तते तदेव सर्वत्र वर्तते।
In simple words: Whatever knowledge of Ayurvedic science is found in the Charaka Samhita is also present everywhere else.

Exam Tip: Recognize statements that emphasize the comprehensive nature and foundational importance of classical texts like the Charaka Samhita.

Question 4. एतेषु सर्वेषु प्रकरणेषु संमिल्य विंशत्युत्तर-एकशतम् (120) अध्यायाः सन्ति।
Answer: यः नरः हितस्य आहारस्य विहारस्य च सेवनं करोति, सः अरागी अर्थात् स्वस्थः भवति।
In simple words: The man who consumes good food and follows a proper lifestyle becomes free from disease, meaning he stays healthy.

Exam Tip: Be mindful of how different concepts (like chapter numbers and lifestyle) are sometimes linked or juxtaposed in text, even if seemingly unrelated at first glance.

Question 5. थः नरः हितस्य आहारस्य विहारस्य च सेवनं करोति सः अरोगी अर्थात् स्वस्थः भवति।
Answer: किम् औषधं विना सम्यक् व्यवहारेणापि जन: रोगरहितः भवितुमर्हति?
In simple words: Can a person remain healthy even with good behavior without needing medicine?

Exam Tip: Identify sentences that pose rhetorical questions or introduce a new point of discussion, even if presented as an 'answer'.

2. अनुवाद कुरुत – Translate in sanskrit of the following sentences

Question 1. The famous venerable teacher by the name Charaka lived in the first century AD.
Answer: चरक : नाम प्रसिद्धः आचार्य : खिस्ताब्दस्य प्रथमशताब्धां जातः।
In simple words: The well-known teacher named Charaka was born in the first century AD.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to proper Sanskrit grammar for names, titles, and historical periods when translating English sentences.

Question 2. Charaka was a great scholar of Ayurveda.
Answer: चरकः आयुर्वेदस्य महान् विद्वान् आसीत्।
In simple words: Charaka was a very knowledgeable scholar in the field of Ayurveda.

Exam Tip: Use appropriate Sanskrit terms for 'scholar' and ensure correct verb conjugation for past tense ('āsīt' - was).

Question 3. Of this great teacher there is a very famous treatise named Charaka Samhita.
Answer: अस्य आचार्यस्य चरकसंहिता नाम सुप्रसिद्धः ग्रन्थः अस्ति।
In simple words: This great teacher possesses a very famous book called Charaka Samhita.

Exam Tip: Structure the Sanskrit sentence to correctly attribute the famous treatise (Charaka Samhita) to the great teacher.

Question 4. Whatever is not in Charaka Samhita is not anywhere.
Answer: चरकसंहितायां यत् नासित, तत् नास्ति अन्यत्र।
In simple words: If something is not found in the Charaka Samhita, then it does not exist anywhere else either.

Exam Tip: This statement highlights the comprehensive nature of the Charaka Samhita, implying it contains all fundamental Ayurvedic knowledge.

Question 5. Even the life style is the important factor that influences well being.
Answer: व्यवहारस्य अपि स्वास्थ्ये प्रभावः अस्ति।
In simple words: Even a person's conduct has an effect on their overall health.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the connection between 'vyavahāra' (lifestyle/conduct) and 'svāsthya' (health) in your translation.

3. अधोदत्तानां शब्दानां समानार्थकान् शब्दान् (पर्यायशब्दान्) लिखत – Choose synonyms of the given words.

Question 1. 'प्रसिद्ध' इति शब्दस्य पर्याय शब्दः कः?
(क) कथितः
(ख) विख्यातः
(ग) सिद्धः
(घ) विज्ञानः
Answer: (ख) विख्यातः
In simple words: The word 'prasiddha' (famous) has the same meaning as 'vikhyātaḥ' (well-known).

Exam Tip: When choosing synonyms, look for words that share the exact or very similar core meaning, avoiding those with related but distinct connotations.

Question 2. 'नृपतिः' इति शब्दस्य पर्याय शब्दः कः?
(क) पार्थिवः
(ख) राजन्य:
(ग) भूमिरक्षकः
(घ) चक्रवर्ती
Answer: (क) पार्थिवः
In simple words: The Sanskrit word 'nṛpatiḥ' (king) is a synonym for 'pārthivaḥ' (ruler of the earth).

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with classical Sanskrit vocabulary for titles and roles, as these often have multiple synonymous terms.

Question 3. 'वैद्यः' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) व्याधितः
(ख) निरामयः
(ग) चिकित्सकः
(घ) रोगधरः
Answer: (ग) चिकित्सकः
In simple words: The term 'vaidyaḥ' (physician) is synonymous with 'cikitsakaḥ' (medical practitioner).

Exam Tip: Understand common professional titles in Sanskrit, especially in the context of health and medicine.

Question 4. 'उपदेशः' इति शब्दस्य पर्याय शब्दः कः?
(क) आदेशः
(ख) उपदेशः
(ग) व्ययपेदशः
(घ) बोद्यः, निर्देश
Answer: (घ) बोद्यः, निर्देश
In simple words: The word 'upadeśaḥ' (instruction or advice) has synonyms like 'bodhyaḥ' (to be taught) and 'nirdeśa' (direction).

Exam Tip: When selecting synonyms, consider all given options, as sometimes more than one word might be close in meaning, but one is a more precise or common alternative.

Question 5. 'नितराम्' इति शब्दस्य पर्याय शब्दः कः?
(क) नितान्तम्
(ख) अतिशयः
(ग) विशेषः
(घ) नित्यम्
Answer: (क) नितान्तम्
In simple words: The word 'nitarām' (completely or exceedingly) is a synonym for 'nitāntam' (utterly or absolutely).

Exam Tip: Be aware of adverbs and their nuanced meanings, as they can significantly change sentence emphasis.

4. अधोदत्तानां शब्दानां विरुद्धार्थकान् शब्दान् लिखत् – Choose antonyms of the following words.

Question 1. 'प्राचीन' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) अतिजूर्णः
(ख) अतिजीर्णः
(ग) अर्वाचीनः
(घ) अधुना
Answer: (ग) अर्वाचीनः
In simple words: The opposite of 'prācīna' (ancient) is 'arvācīnaḥ' (modern).

Exam Tip: Antonyms often represent opposing concepts, such as old versus new, so identify words that directly contradict the meaning.

Question 2. 'विख्यातः' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) प्रसिद्ध
(ख) ख्यातः
(ग) अविख्यातः
(घ) कुख्यातः
Answer: (ग) अविख्यातः
In simple words: The opposite of 'vikhyātaḥ' (famous) is 'avikhyātaḥ' (unknown or not famous).

Exam Tip: Look for common negative prefixes like 'a-' (अ-) or 'an-' (अन्-) which can form antonyms in Sanskrit.

Question 3. 'विस्तृतम्' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) विस्तीर्णम्
(ख) संक्षिप्तम्
(ग) विशालम्
(घ) प्रदीर्थम्
Answer: (ख) संक्षिप्तम्
In simple words: The word 'vistṛtam' (extensive or widespread) is the opposite of 'saṃkṣiptam' (brief or condensed).

Exam Tip: Consider the scope of a concept; an extensive idea contrasts with a concise one.

Question 4. 'विनाशकः' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) विध्वंसकः
(ख) नाशकारी
(ग) सर्जनात्मकः
(घ) स्रष्टा
Answer: (ग) सर्जनात्मकः
In simple words: The opposite of 'vināśakaḥ' (destroyer) is 'sarjanātmakaḥ' (creative or constructive).

Exam Tip: Antonyms often represent opposing actions or qualities, such as destruction versus creation.

Question 5. 'निखिलम्' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) अखिलम्
(ख) अपूर्णम्
(ग) अर्धम्
(घ) खिलम्
Answer: (घ) खिलम्
In simple words: 'Nikhilam' (entire or whole) has its opposite in 'khilam' (incomplete or residual).

Exam Tip: Differentiate between words that mean 'partially complete' (like 'ardham' or 'apūrṇam') and those that mean 'incomplete' or 'leftover' in a specific context (like 'khilam').

Question 6. 'उच्छिष्टम्' इति शब्दस्य विरूद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) शिष्टम्
(ख) अशिष्टम्
(ग) अनुच्छिष्टम्
(घ) परिशिष्टम्
Answer: (ग) अनुच्छिष्टम्
In simple words: The opposite of 'ucchiṣṭam' (leftover or impure) is 'anucchiṣṭam' (not leftover or pure).

Exam Tip: Understand the cultural and ritualistic connotations of words like 'ucchiṣṭam' to accurately identify their antonyms, especially those formed with negative prefixes.

Question 7. 'स्मर्तव्याः' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) स्मरणीयाः
(ख) स्मा:
(ग) विस्मरणीयाः
(घ) स्मृताः
Answer: (ग) विस्मरणीयाः
In simple words: The opposite of 'smartavyāḥ' (to be remembered) is 'vismaraṇīyāḥ' (to be forgotten).

Exam Tip: Recognize the 'smṛ' root for memory and how prefixes like 'vi-' can indicate the opposite action.

Question 8. 'दाता' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) आदाता
(ख) दानी
(ग) आदानम्
(घ) प्रदाता
Answer: (क) आदाता
In simple words: The opposite of 'dātā' (giver) is 'ādātā' (receiver).

Exam Tip: Focus on pairs of words that represent opposing roles or actions, like giving versus taking.

Question 9. 'अरागी' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) अरूक्
(ख) रुग्णः, रोगग्रस्तः
(ग) नीरोगः
(घ) अस्वस्थः
Answer: (ख) रुग्णः, रोगग्रस्तः
In simple words: The opposite of 'arāgī' (healthy or free from attachment) is 'rugṇaḥ' (sick) or 'rogagrastaḥ' (afflicted by disease).

Exam Tip: When a word has multiple meanings, consider which antonym best fits the context, here 'free from disease' being the primary sense.

5. सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरुत - Dissolve sandhis

Question 1. 'औषधान्युल्लिाखितानि' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) औषधा + न्युल्लिखितानि
(ख) औषधान् + युल्लिखितानि
(ग) औषधानि + उल्लिखितानि
(घ) औषधा + उल्लिखितानि
Answer: (ग) औषधानि + उल्लिखितानि
In simple words: The word 'auṣadhānyullikhitāni' correctly separates into 'auṣadhāni' (medicines) and 'ullikhitāni' (mentioned).

Exam Tip: In Sandhi (joining of words), look for vowel or consonant changes at the junction, such as 'i' changing to 'y' before a vowel (yan sandhi).

Question 2. 'चरकस्योच्छिष्टम्' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) चरक + स्यो + च्छिष्टम्
(ख) चरकस्य + उच्छिष्टम्
(ग) चरकस्यो + छिष्टम्
(घ) चरकस्य + उद् + शिष्टम्
Answer: (ख) चरकस्य + उच्छिष्टम्
In simple words: The compound word 'carakasyocchiṣṭam' correctly breaks down into 'carakasya' (of Charaka) and 'ucchiṣṭam' (leftover or remnants).

Exam Tip: Identify the constituent words in a Sandhi by carefully checking for typical vowel blendings and consonant transformations.

Question 3. 'यन्नास्ति' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः
(क) यत् + न + अस्ति
(ख) यत् + नास्ति
(ग) यत् + न + अस्ति
(घ) यत् + ना + आस्ति
Answer: (क) यत् + न + अस्ति
In simple words: The word 'yannāsti' correctly separates into 'yat' (that which), 'na' (not), and 'asti' (is).

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the transformation of 't' to 'n' when followed by 'n' and the subsequent vowel lengthening (Dirgha Sandhi) when 'na' combines with 'asti'.

Question 4. 'विषयेष्वसक्तः' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) विषये + ष्व + सक्तः
(ख) विषयेषु + आसक्तः
(ग) विषयेषु + असक्तः
(घ) विषये + स्वसक्तः
Answer: (ग) विषयेषु + असक्तः
In simple words: The term 'viṣayeṣvasaktaḥ' breaks down into 'viṣayeṣu' (in objects) and 'asaktaḥ' (unattached).

Exam Tip: Recognize 'u' changing to 'v' (yan sandhi) when followed by a vowel, and understand the meaning of the components to confirm the correct split.

आचार्यः चरकः Introduction:

Charaka is referred to us the Father of Indian Medicine. Interestingly, the term Charaka used to be applied to 'wandering physicians' in ancient times. According to Charaka, health and disease are not predetermined and life may be prolonged by human effort and attention to lifestyle. Prevention of diseases is more important than treatment. Charaka was the first physician to present the concept of digestion. His treatise 'Charaka Samhita' is considered to be a standard work and is translated into many foreign languages.

आचार्यः चरकः Prose, Translation and Glossary

चरकनाम्ना प्रसिद्धः आचार्यः खिस्तस्य प्रथमशताब्द्यां आयुर्वेदस्य महान् पण्डितः। सः कनिष्कनृपतेः राजवैद्यः आसीत्।

Translation : The famous venerable teacher by the name Charaka, a great scholar of Ayurveda lived in the first century AD. He was the royal physician of king Kanishka.

अस्य आचार्यस्य चरकसंहितनामकः सुप्रसिद्धः ग्रन्थः वर्तते। आयुर्वेदस्य प्राचीनतमेषु विश्वविख्यातेषु च ग्रन्थेषु अस्य गणना भवति।

Translation : Of this great teacher there is a very famous treatise named Charaka Samhita and it is counted among the most ancient world-famous treatises of Ayurveda.

अस्मिन् ग्रन्थे सूत्रस्थानम्, निदानस्थानम्, विमानस्थानम्, शारीरस्थानम्, इन्द्रियस्थानम्, चिकित्सास्थानम्, कल्पस्थानम्, सिद्धिस्थानम् चेति अष्टौ प्रकरणानि सन्ति। एतेषु सर्वेषु प्रकरणेषु सम्मिल्य विंशत्युत्तर-एकशतम् अध्यायाः सन्ति। अस्य ग्रन्थस्य प्रमाणं द्वादशसहस्रश्लोकात्मक वर्तते। अत्र प्रायः सहस्रद्वयम् औषधयोगानां विस्तृतम् व्याख्यानमस्ति। अस्मिन् व्याख्याने ज्वर-रक्त पित्त-उन्माद-अतिसार-प्रमेहादीनाम् उदर-शिरो-हृदयादीनां च रोगाणां विनारकानि विनाशकानि च औषधानि उल्लिखितानि सन्ति। एवं हि मन्यते यत् भारते औषधविज्ञानस्य प्रवर्तकः अयमेवाचार्यः।

Translation: In this treatise there are eight sections such as Sutrasthanam, Nidansthanam, Vimansthanam, Sharirsthanam, Indriyasthanam, Chikitsasthanam, Kalpasthanam and Siddhisthanam. Among all these sections there are totally 120 chapters. The size of this treatise consists of 12000 verses. There is a detailed description of composition of approximately 2000 medicines. In this description the medicines that cure and eradicate the diseases such as fever, leprosy, frenzy, dysentery, diabetes, etc., and the diseases of abdomen, head, and heart are mentioned. Indeed, in this way, this venerable teacher alone is considered to be the founder of pharmacology in India.

निखिलमपि आयुर्वेदसाहित्यम् आचार्यस्य चरकस्य उच्छिष्टमस्ति। अथं च आयुर्वेदशास्रीयं यत् ज्ञानं चरक-संहितायां वर्तते तदेव सर्वत्र वर्तते, चरकसंहितायां यत् नास्ति, तत् कुत्रापि न वर्तते।

Translation : All the literature on Ayurveda is the leftover of Acharya Charaka. And whatever knowledge pertaining to Ayurveda is there in Charaka Samhita, the same is seen everywhere in all other books). Whatever is not in Charaka Samhita is not anywhere.

अस्य केचन उपदेशाः स्मर्तव्याः सन्ति। तद्यथा-मनुष्यः केन प्रकारेण रोगरहितः भवितुम् अर्हतीति विषये उपदिशति आचार्यः

Translation: Some of the instructions of this great man Charaka are worth remembering. For example, Acharya advises about how man will be free from diseases.

नरो हिताहारविहारसेवी समीक्ष्यकारी विषयेष्वसक्तः। दाता समः सत्यपरः क्षमावानाप्तोपसेवी च भत्यरोगी॥

Translation: The man who eats beneficial food, practices good behavior, acts after considering well, being disinterested in the objects of sensual pleasure, who is charitable, truthful, forgiving, equal, and who serves trustworthy persons becomes free from diseases.

अर्थात् यः नरः हितस्य आहारस्य विहारस्य च सेवनं करोति, सर्व कार्य समीक्ष्य करोति, विषयेषु नितरामासक्तः न भवति यः दानं करोति, व्यवहारे समत्वं क्षमाभावं च आचरति, आप्तजनानां सेवां करोति तादृशः नरः अरोगी अर्थात् स्वस्थः भवति।

Translation: The man who takes wholesome food and practices good conduct, does all work after thinking well, who is totally disinterested in sensual pleasures, who practices charity and practices impartiality and forgiveness in practical life, and who serves relatives, such a man is free from diseases and is healthy.

अत्र एकः प्रश्नः। किम् औषधं विना सम्यक् व्यवहारेणापि जनः रोगरहितः भवितुमर्हतीति? तस्यदेमुत्तरम्। यदा रोगः शरीरे प्रविशति भवति तदा औषधस्य आवश्यकता, भवति। परन्तु शरीरे रोगस्य प्रवेशः एव न स्यात् एतदर्थं मानवेन सम्यक् व्यवहार: करणीय एव। व्यवहारस्यापि स्वास्थ्ये प्रभावो भवतीत्येषः चरकाचार्यस्य उपदेशः।

Translation : There is a question here. “Can man be free from diseases without taking any medicine and merely by proper lifestyle?” The answer is as follows. When a disease enters the body, medicine is necessary. But in order that disease should not enter the body in any way, the man should adopt the proper lifestyle. It is Charaka's advice that even lifestyle is an important factor that influences man's well-being.

Glossary: चरकनाम्ना – चरकः इति नाम यस्य सः. चरकनामा, तेन-बहव्रीहि समास – by the name Charaka, खिसतस्य प्रथमशताब्द्याम् – in the first century AD, कनिष्क नृपतेः – नृपतेः – कनिष्कः, नृपतिः, तस्य-कर्मधारय समास, of the king named Kanishka, नृणाम् नृणाम् वा पति:-षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास, राजवैद्यः – royal doctor, राज्ञः वैद्य – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष or वैद्यानाम् राजा – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष।

प्राचीनतमेषु विश्वविख्यातेषु – in the most ancient, world famous (books); adjectives of the noun, 'ग्रन्थेषु' अस्य गणना भवति – It is counted, अयम् गण्यते।

अष्टौ प्रकरणानि – eight chapters, सम्मिल्य – totally; an adverb विंशत्युत्तर-एकशतम् – one hundred and twenty प्रमाणम् – size, द्वादशसहस्रश्लोकात्मकम् – consisting of 12,000 verses, adjectives of 'प्रमाणम्' प्रायः – approximately. This is an indeclinable औषध-योगानाम् – of the composition of medicines. विस्तृतम् व्याख्यानम् – exhaustive description, ज्वर रक्तपित्त – उन्माद – अतिसार – प्रमेहादीनाम् – of (the disease such as) fever, leprasy, frenzy, dysentery, diabetes, etc, adjective of the noun ‘रोगाणाम' उदर-शिरो-हृदयादीनाम् – of abdomen, head, heart, etc, adjective of the noun.

'रोगाणाम' निवारकाणि – that remove or cure (the diseases), adjective of, 'औषधानि' विनाशकानि - that destroy (the diseases), adjective of 'औषधानि' उल्लिखितानि – are mentioned, एवम् हि in the same way, similarly, मन्यते – (it) is considered by the people, जनैः is understood here, औषधविज्ञानस्य – of pharmacology, औषधानाम् विज्ञानम्, तस्य-षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास, प्रवर्तकः founder, the adjective of the noun 'आचार्यः'।

आयुर्वेदसाहित्यम् – literature of Ayurveda, उच्छिष्टस्ति - उच्छिष्टम् + अस्ति is (something which), is left over after being tasted or used, आयुर्वेदशास्त्रीयम् – concerning the science of Ayurveda, केचन उपदेशाः – some instructions, object of the potential passive participle, 'स्मर्तव्याः ' – worthremembering, स्मृ (IP) potential passive participle, masculine nominative plural अस्माभिः उपदेशाः स्मर्तव्याः – passive voice, वयम् उपदेशान् स्मरेम – Active voice, तद्यथा – तत् – यथा Just as, for example,

Prose-order of the verse : हिताहारविहारसेवी, समीक्ष्यकारी, विषयेषु, असक्तः, दाता, समः, सत्यपरः, मावान्, आप्तोपसेवी च नरः अरोगी भवति।

हिताहाराविहारसेवी - one who eats beneficial, wholesome food and who practises good conduct, adjective of the noun ‘नरः', समीक्ष्यकारी - one who acts after thinking well, adjective of the noun, 'नरः' विषयेषु असक्तः – विषयेषु . असक्तः detached or disinterested (असक्तः ) about pleasures, adjective of the noun, नरः' विषय means objects of sensual enjoyment, दाता - one who practises charity, adjective of नरः, आप्तोपसेवी - one who serves/helps one's relatives, adjective of नरः, आप्त means a trust-worthy credible person. भवत्यरोगी – भवति + अरोगी (he) becomes free from diseases, अरोगी – न रोगी-नत्र तत्पुरूष समास।

नितरामसक्तः – नितराम् + असक्तः completely disinterested, औषधम् विना – without (taking) medicine. The indeclinable; 'faal' – governs the accusative, instrumental and ablative so. 3110eta विना, औषधाात् विना are also acceptable. भवितुमर्हति – भवितुम् + अर्हति, can, become. तस्येदमुत्तरम् – तस्य + इदम् + उत्तरम् – this (is) the answer to that (question) व्यवहारः – conduct, व्यवहारस्यापि – व्यवहारस्य + अपि – even of the conduct. भवतीत्येषः – भवति + इति + एषः this is as (it) is.