GSEB Class 8 Social Science Solutions Chapter 7 Following the Mahatma Part I

1. Answer the Following Questions.

Exam Tip: Always read the question carefully to identify the core reason or event being asked about.

Question 1. Why did Gandhiji start Satyagrah in South Africa?
Answer: Due to racial disparities in South Africa, Indians had very few rights compared to the white population. Gandhiji protested against the unfairness, insults, and belittling conduct of the British towards Indians living in South Africa using truth and non-violence. He named this movement 'Satyagraha'.
In simple words: Gandhiji started Satyagraha in South Africa to fight against the unfair treatment and racial discrimination faced by Indians there, using peaceful methods.

Exam Tip: Highlight the specific reasons for Gandhiji's protest and the methods he employed.

Question 2. Which were the two main features of Satyagrah?
Answer: Truth and non-violence — these were the two essential characteristics of Satyagraha.
In simple words: Satyagraha was built on two core ideas: always telling the truth and never using violence.

Exam Tip: Remember that truth and non-violence are the fundamental pillars of Satyagraha.

Question 3. Why the Rowlett Act was called the Black Act by Gandhiji?
Answer: The Rowlett Act gave the government power to control the press more strictly. The British also arrested people without warrants and gave them endless jail terms without any trial. The accused were not allowed to know why they were arrested, nor could they appeal or see the evidence used against them in court. Thus, this act completely violated basic rights and freedom of expression and speech. Gandhiji protested against this law and called it the 'Black Act'.
In simple words: Gandhiji called the Rowlatt Act the 'Black Act' because it allowed the British to arrest people without reason or trial, taking away their basic rights and freedoms.

Exam Tip: Focus on the denial of basic rights, trial, and appeal as key reasons for its condemnation.

Question 4. Why did Khilafat Movement start In India?
Answer: After their triumph in the First World War, the allied nations signed a treaty with Turkey, which had been defeated in the conflict. According to this treaty, the Turkish Sultan, who was the religious leader (Khalifa), would lose his title. Indian Muslims began a movement to protest against this treaty. This protest became known as the ‘Khilafat Movement’. The main leaders of the Khilafat Movement were the Ali brothers – Maulana Shaukat Ali and Maulana Mohammed Ali.
In simple words: The Khilafat Movement began in India because Indian Muslims protested against the Allied nations' treaty with defeated Turkey, which aimed to remove the title of Khalifa from the Turkish Sultan, their religious leader.

Exam Tip: Mention the treaty with Turkey, the role of the Khalifa, and the protest by Indian Muslims.

Question 5. Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Non-Cooperation movement?
Answer: Gandhiji was always against any form of violence. So, when in 1922, angry farmers of Chauri-chaura village in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, rebelled against a sudden attack by the police on a peaceful rally. They then set fire to a police station, killing all 22 policemen inside. After this incident, Gandhiji pulled back the non-cooperation movement.
In simple words: Gandhiji stopped the Non-Cooperation movement because of a violent incident in Chauri-chaura where angry farmers burned a police station and killed policemen, which went against his principle of non-violence.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the Chauri-chaura incident and Gandhiji's core principle of non-violence as the reason for withdrawal.

2. Write Short Notes on the Following.

Exam Tip: For short notes, provide a concise summary covering the key events, causes, and outcomes.

Question 1. Kheda Satyagrah
Answer: The Kheda district in Gujarat faced a severe famine in 1917, which completely destroyed all the crops. Despite this, the British Government started collecting taxes instead of waiving them. In response, the farmers initiated a Satyagraha to protest against this unfair tax collection. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel resigned from his law practice and joined Gandhiji in this Satyagraha. Gandhiji wrote to the tax collector, asking for a waiver for the poor farmers and stating that rich farmers would pay taxes only if the waiver demands were accepted. Finally, in 1918, the order to waive the tax was passed. This Satyagraha became renowned as the 'Kheda Satyagraha'. Although the Kheda Satyagraha achieved only moderate success, farmers in Gujarat and across India became brave, aware, and confident. The most significant result was that the nation gained a dedicated and determined leader in Vallabhbhai Patel, who had a very strong will.
In simple words: Kheda Satyagraha was a farmer's protest in 1917 against unfair British taxes during a famine. Gandhiji and Vallabhbhai Patel led it, demanding a tax waiver. It helped farmers become braver and introduced Vallabhbhai Patel as a strong leader.

Exam Tip: Include the year, cause (famine, taxes), leaders (Gandhiji, Vallabhbhai Patel), and the key outcomes like tax waiver and rise of a new leader.

Question 2. Non-Cooperation movement
Answer: In his book, 'Hind Swaraj', Gandhiji explained that the British could only establish their rule over India because Indians cooperated with them. Therefore, to end British dominance, Gandhiji launched the non-cooperation movement in 1920 by returning the title of 'Kaiser-e-Hind'. The movement had two main aspects:
1. Boycott and
2. Creativity
(1) Boycott: This included a complete boycott of government jobs and awards, legislative meetings, government schools, foreign clothing, and other goods.
(2) Creativity: This involved spinning khadi, removing untouchability, promoting communal harmony, discouraging alcohol use, encouraging Hindu-Muslim unity, and promoting Swadeshi goods and national education. During the non-cooperation movement, many national educational institutions were set up, such as Gujarat Vidyapith (in Ahmedabad), Bihar Vidyapith, Kashi Vidyapith, Jamia-Milia Islamia (in Delhi), and Tilak Vidyapith (in Pune). Gandhiji was always against any form of violence. So, when in 1922, angry farmers of Chauri-chaura village in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, revolted against a sudden police attack on a peaceful rally and then set fire to a police station, killing all 22 policemen inside, Gandhiji withdrew the non-cooperation movement.
In simple words: The Non-Cooperation Movement, started by Gandhiji in 1920, aimed to end British rule by boycotting British institutions and promoting Indian-made goods. It involved two parts: boycotting British things and creating Indian alternatives. Gandhiji stopped the movement in 1922 after violence occurred in Chauri-chaura.

Exam Tip: Describe the philosophy behind the movement, its two main aspects (boycott and constructive programs), examples of each, and the reason for its withdrawal.

Question 3. Bardoli Satyagrah
Answer: In 1928, the British government increased land taxes by 22% in Bardoli village, Surat district. When the government did not respond to the people's plea to reduce taxes, a Satyagraha was launched to protest this sudden and unfair tax. Vallabhbhai Patel assumed leadership of the Bardoli Satyagraha. He also received support from prominent leaders like Ravishankar Maharaj and Jugatram Dave for the Satyagraha. The triumph of the Bardoli Satyagraha led people to give Vallabhbhai Patel the title of 'Sardar'.
In simple words: The Bardoli Satyagraha was a protest in 1928 led by Vallabhbhai Patel against a sudden 22% increase in land tax by the British. Its success earned Vallabhbhai Patel the title 'Sardar'.

Exam Tip: Mention the year, the cause (tax increase), the leader (Vallabhbhai Patel), and the significant outcome of his title 'Sardar'.

3. Match the Items in Column 'A' with Those in Column 'B'.
Answer:
A B
1. Champaran 3. Bihar
2. Nataal 5. South Africa
3. Amritsar 2. Punjab
4. Chauri Chaura 1. U (tar Pradesh
5. Lahore 4. Pakistan
In simple words: You need to pair the places or events from Column A with their correct locations or related items from Column B.

Exam Tip: Carefully review each item and its corresponding options. Ensure you know the geographical locations or associated events for each historical name.

Activities:

• Collect pictures of the National Leaders mentioned in this chapter and stick them in your notebook.
• Assume that you are a student of a government school in the year 1920. Make a poster appealing to youngsters to join the Non-cooperation Movement.
• Prepare a news article to be published in one regional and one English newspaper on the day after the Jallianwala Baug massacre.

Exam Tip: Activities help in better understanding and retention of concepts. Focus on the creativity and historical accuracy of your responses.

Question 1. Discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between the Champaran and the Kheda Satyagraha.
Answer:
Similarities between the Champaran and the Kheda Satyagrahas:
• Both movements were against injustice to farmers.
• Gandhiji took on the leadership of both Satyagrahas.
• Both Satyagrahas were successful.
• Both brought attention from the entire country.
Differences between the Champaran and the Kheda Satyagrahas:
• European landlords were exploiting farmers in Champaran, making them grow and sell indigo. In Kheda, farmers were being exploited by the excessive land revenue collected by the British.
• Gandhiji achieved success in Champaran by presenting the farmers' issues directly to the British government, while in Kheda, he had to write to the British Commissioner for the Satyagraha to succeed.
• Gandhiji fought the Champaran Satyagraha alone, whereas for the Kheda Satyagraha, he had the backing of leaders like the strong-willed Vallabhbhai Patel, among others.
In simple words: Both Champaran and Kheda Satyagrahas involved Gandhiji leading protests for farmers against unfair treatment and were successful. The differences were in the specific type of exploitation (indigo vs. land tax), Gandhiji's approach (direct negotiation vs. written appeal), and his level of support from other leaders.

Exam Tip: Organize your answer using clear bullet points for similarities and differences to make it easy to understand. Focus on key elements like cause, leadership, and outcomes for comparison.

Choose the Correct Alternative from Those Given Below Each Question:

Exam Tip: For multiple-choice questions, eliminate obviously incorrect options first, then select the best fit from the remaining choices.

Question 1. Why did Gandhiji go to South Africa?
(a) For further studies
(b) For practising law
(c) For doing business
(d) For seeing the world
Answer: (b) For practising law
In simple words: Gandhiji went to South Africa to work as a lawyer.

Exam Tip: Recall the key biographical details of Mahatma Gandhi's early life and career choices.

Question 2. When did Gandhiji return to India from South Africa?
(a) In 1905
(b) In 1908
(c) In 1916
(d) In 1915
Answer: (d) In 1915
In simple words: Gandhiji came back to India from South Africa in the year 1915.

Exam Tip: Memorize important dates related to key figures in India's freedom struggle.

Question 3. Which ashram did Gandhiji establish first in Ahmedabad?
(a) Pavnar Ashram
(b) Satyagraha Ashram
(c) Sabarmati Ashram
(d) Paldi Ashram
Answer: (b) Satyagraha Ashram
In simple words: Gandhiji first set up the Satyagraha Ashram in Ahmedabad.

Exam Tip: Be aware of the sequence and names of institutions established by historical leaders.

Question 4. Which Satyagraha did Gandhiji conduct in Bihar in 1917?
(a) Dandi Satyagraha
(b) Kheda Satyagraha
(c) Champaran Satyagraha
(d) Borsad Satyagraha
Answer: (c) Champaran Satyagraha
In simple words: In 1917, Gandhiji led the Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar.

Exam Tip: Link the specific Satyagrahas with their locations and years for quick recall.

Question 5. In which village of Champaran did Gandhiji stay and fight against the unjust system of Champaran?
(a) Madhubani
(b) Purniya
(c) Motihari
(d) Hajipur
Answer: (c) Motihari
In simple words: Gandhiji stayed in Motihari village during the Champaran Satyagraha.

Exam Tip: Remember specific place names associated with major historical events.

Question 6. Who undertook the leadership of the Kheda Satyagraha (1917-1918)?
(a) Gandhiji
(b) Mohanlal Pandya
(c) Jhinabhai Desai
(d) Vallabhbhai Patel
Answer: (a) Gandhiji
In simple words: Gandhiji was the leader of the Kheda Satyagraha.

Exam Tip: Identify the primary leader of each major movement.

Question 7. Who were Gandhiji's supporters in the Kheda Satyagraha?
(a) Vallabhbhai Patel
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Kasturba Gandhi
(d) Mohanlal Pandya
Answer: (a) Vallabhbhai Patel
In simple words: Vallabhbhai Patel was one of Gandhiji's key supporters during the Kheda Satyagraha.

Exam Tip: Be aware of other prominent figures who supported Gandhiji in specific movements.

Question 8. Due to which Satyagraha did the country find a committed and dedicated leader like Vallabhbhai Patel?
(a) Champaran Satyagraha
(b) Bardoli Satyagraha
(c) Borsad Satyagraha
(d) Kheda Satyagraha
Answer: (d) Kheda Satyagraha
In simple words: The Kheda Satyagraha revealed Vallabhbhai Patel as a committed leader.

Exam Tip: Understand the outcomes and impacts of each Satyagraha, especially how they influenced leadership.

Question 9. Which was India's first revolt against the British government?
(a) Jallianwala Satyagraha
(b) Rowlett Act Satyagraha
(c) Borsad Satyagraha
(d) Bardoli Satyagraha
Answer: (b) Rowlett Act Satyagraha
In simple words: The Rowlett Act Satyagraha was India's initial large-scale protest against the British government.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between different types of protests and identify the earliest significant ones.

Question 10. The sultan of which country was the Khalifa (religious head) of Islam during the 1st World War?
(a) Iraq
(b) Afghanistan
(c) Turkey
(d) Iran
Answer: (c) Turkey
In simple words: During the First World War, the Islamic religious leader, the Khalifa, was the Sultan of Turkey.

Exam Tip: Connect historical religious titles with the countries they were associated with.

Question 11. How did Gandhiji start the non-cooperation movement?
(a) By taking up a fast
(b) By setting foreign clothes on fire
(c) By giving up the title of 'Kaisar-e-Hind'
(d) By giving up the designation of barrister
Answer: (c) By giving up the title of 'Kaisar-e-Hind'
In simple words: Gandhiji launched the non-cooperation movement by returning his 'Kaisar-e-Hind' title.

Exam Tip: Remember the symbolic actions taken by Gandhiji at the start of major movements.

Question 12. In which village of Uttar Pradesh did a violent incident take place during the non-cooperation movement?
(a) At Sitapur
(b) At Hamirpur
(c) At Rampur
(d) At Chauri-chaura
Answer: (d) At Chauri-chaura
In simple words: A violent event happened in the village of Chauri-chaura in Uttar Pradesh during the non-cooperation movement.

Exam Tip: Recall the specific incident that led to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Question 13. Where is Jallianwala Baug located?
(a) In Amritsar
(b) In Hyderabad
(c) In Delhi
(d) In Kolkata
Answer: (a) In Amritsar
In simple words: Jallianwala Baug is situated in Amritsar.

Exam Tip: Be familiar with the locations of important historical sites.

Question 14. On which day did the Jallianwala Baug massacre take place?
(a) On Baisakhi Full Moon Night
(b) On Phaguni Full Moon Plight
(c) On Guru Full Moon Night
(d) On Kartik Full Moon Night
Answer: (a) On Baisakhi Full Moon Night.
In simple words: The Jallianwala Baug massacre happened on Baisakhi Full Moon Night.

Exam Tip: Remember the specific date and associated festival of the Jallianwala Baug massacre.

Question 15. Who was responsible for the Jallianwala Baug massacre?
(a) General William Wylie
(b) General Neil
(c) General Saunders
(d) General Dyer
Answer: (d) General Dyer
In simple words: General Dyer was responsible for the Jallianwala Baug massacre.

Exam Tip: Identify the key individuals involved in significant historical events.

Question 16. When did the Simon Commission come to India?
(a) In 1922
(b) In 1927
(c) In 1931
(d) In 1924
Answer: (b) In 1927
In simple words: The Simon Commission arrived in India in 1927.

Exam Tip: Recall the year of arrival for important commissions and events.

Question 17. All the Indian institutions boycotted the Simon Commission because ..........
(a) it did not have a single English representative.
(b) it did not have a single Muslim representative.
(c) it did not have a single Indian representative.
(d) it did not have a single woman representative.
Answer: (c) it did not have a single Indian representative.
In simple words: Indian institutions boycotted the Simon Commission because it did not include any Indian members.

Exam Tip: Focus on the reasons for key boycotts and protests during the freedom struggle.

Question 18. In which year did the Bardoli Satyagraha take place?
(a) In 1931
(b) In 1928
(c) In 1926
(d) In 1920
Answer: (b) In 1928
In simple words: The Bardoli Satyagraha happened in 1928.

Exam Tip: Match major Satyagrahas with their respective years.

Question 19. Vallabhbhai Patel accepted the leadership of which Satyagraha?
(a) Nagpur Jhanda
(b) Bardoli
(c) Champaran
(d) Kheda
Answer: (b) Bardoli
In simple words: Vallabhbhai Patel became the leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha.

Exam Tip: Connect specific leaders with the movements they led.

Question 20. After the success of which Satyagraha did Vallabhbhai Patel get the title of 'Sardar'?
(a) Bardoli
(b) Borsad
(c) Dandi
(d) Kheda
Answer: (a) Bardoli
In simple words: Vallabhbhai Patel received the title 'Sardar' after the triumph of the Bardoli Satyagraha.

Exam Tip: Understand the significant outcomes of various movements, such as the conferment of honorary titles.

Question 21. The British government increased the Bardoli District tax by what percentage?
(a) 28%
(b) 48%
(c) 6%
(d) 22%
Answer: (d) 22%
In simple words: The British government raised the tax in Bardoli District by 22 percent.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific numerical details like percentages in historical contexts.

Question 22. Which place, shown on the map, was honoured with the title of 'Sardar'?
(a) Navsari
(b) Bardoli
(c) Ganadevi
(d) Valsad
Answer: (b) Bardoli
In simple words: Bardoli was the place that was honored with the title of 'Sardar'.

Exam Tip: Relate the geographical locations to historical events and associated honors.

Question 23. Who prepared the 'Nehru Report'?
(a) Miss Vijayalaxmi Nehru
(b) Govind Vallabh Pant
(c) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Pandit Motilal Nehru
Answer: (d) Pandit Motilal Nehru
In simple words: Pandit Motilal Nehru wrote the 'Nehru Report'.

Exam Tip: Accurately attribute important historical documents to their authors.

Question 24. Who did not accept the Nehru Report due to which the British also rejected it?
(a) The Muslim League
(b) The Congress Convention
(c) Punjab Unionists
(d) The Justice party of Madras region
Answer: (a) The Muslim League
In simple words: The Muslim League did not agree with the Nehru Report, which led the British to also reject it.

Exam Tip: Understand the political dynamics and reasons for the acceptance or rejection of proposals during the freedom struggle.

Question 25. On the banks of which river in Lahore was the demand for 'Complete Freedom' made?
(a) Ravi
(b) Sutlej
(c) Jhelum
(d) Chenab
Answer: (c) Ravi
In simple words: The demand for 'Complete Freedom' was declared on the banks of the Ravi River in Lahore.

Exam Tip: Link significant historical declarations with their specific locations, including rivers if mentioned.

Question 26. When did the Congress Convention take the pledge of freedom?
(a) On December 31, 1929
(b) On January 26, 1929
(c) On December 30, 1932
(d) On January 26, 1930
Answer: (d) On January 26, 1930
In simple words: The Congress Convention took the pledge of freedom on January 26, 1930.

Exam Tip: Memorize the dates of important resolutions and pledges made by the Indian National Congress.

Question 27. On which day was the Constitution of free India implemented?
(a) On 2nd January 1950
(b) On 15th August 1947
(c) On 26th January 1950
(d) On 26th January 1930
Answer: (c) On 26th January 1950
In simple words: The Constitution of free India was put into effect on January 26, 1950.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between the date of independence and the date of the Constitution's implementation.

Question 28. Which historic event does the place marked on the map given below remind us of?
(a) Dandikooch
(b) Battle of Plassey
(c) Battle of Buxar
(d) Jallianwala Baug Massacre
Answer: (d) Jallianwala Baug Massacre
In simple words: The marked place on the map makes us recall the Jallianwala Baug Massacre.

Exam Tip: Relate geographical markers on maps to major historical incidents for spatial memory.

Question 1. Gandhiji was a ............ .
Answer: Barrister
In simple words: Gandhiji was a lawyer.

Exam Tip: Know the profession or primary role of key historical figures.

Question 2. Gandhiji went to ............ to practice law.
Answer: South Africa
In simple words: Gandhiji traveled to South Africa for his legal work.

Exam Tip: Remember the geographical context of significant events in a leader's life.

Question 3. ............ means fighting against injustice with truth and non-violence.
Answer: Satyagraha
In simple words: Satyagraha is the act of opposing unfairness using truth and peaceful resistance.

Exam Tip: Understand the core definitions of important historical terms.

Question 4. Gandhiji was successful in the fight against the ............ system in South Africa.
Answer: Racial
In simple words: Gandhiji won the battle against the racial system in South Africa.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific systems or issues Gandhiji fought against in different contexts.

Question 5. Gandhiji travelled all over India on the advice of ............ .
Answer: Gopalkrishna Gokhale
In simple words: Following Gopalkrishna Gokhale's suggestion, Gandhiji traveled across India.

Exam Tip: Recognize the mentors and advisors who influenced prominent leaders.

Question 6. Gandhiji established the 'Satyagraha' Ashram at ............ in Ahmedabad on 25th May, 1915.
Answer: Kochrab
In simple words: Gandhiji founded the 'Satyagraha' Ashram in Kochrab, Ahmedabad, on May 25, 1915.

Exam Tip: Recall the exact locations and dates of important establishments by historical figures.

Question 7. Gandhiji shifted the Satyagraha Ashram at Kochrab to the banks of the ............ river.
Answer: Sabarmati
In simple words: Gandhiji moved the Satyagraha Ashram from Kochrab to the banks of the Sabarmati river.

Exam Tip: Understand the evolution and changes related to historical institutions and their founders.

Question 8. The Champaran region of Bihar was famous for its ............ .
Answer: Mango plantations
In simple words: Champaran, in Bihar, was well-known for its mango farms.

Exam Tip: Remember distinguishing characteristics or produce of historical regions.

Question 9. European landlords would force the farmers to produce ............ on 3/20th portion of their land.
Answer: Indigo
In simple words: European landowners made farmers grow indigo on three-twentieths of their land.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific cash crops or agricultural practices enforced by colonial powers.

Question 10. Gandhiji decided to look into the question of the farmers of Champaran on the insistence of ............ .
Answer: Raj Kumar Shukla
In simple words: Gandhiji chose to investigate the Champaran farmers' problems after Raj Kumar Shukla urged him to.

Exam Tip: Note the key individuals who invited or persuaded Gandhiji to intervene in various local issues.

Question 11. Gandhiji stayed at the ............ village at Champaran and conducted the Champaran Satyagraha.
Answer: Motihari
In simple words: Gandhiji resided in Motihari village during the Champaran Satyagraha.

Exam Tip: Pinpoint the specific villages or towns where major movements were based.

Question 12. In 1917 the crops had failed in Kheda district due to ............ .
Answer: famine
In simple words: In 1917, crops in Kheda district failed because of a severe food shortage.

Exam Tip: Identify the natural calamities or economic reasons behind agricultural distress.

Question 13. The farmers conducted the Kheda Satyagraha against the British government under the leadership of ............ .
Answer: Gandhiji
In simple words: Farmers launched the Kheda Satyagraha against the British, with Gandhiji leading them.

Exam Tip: Consistently identify the leader of each Satyagraha.

Question 14. On Gandhiji's advice ............ gave up his law practice and joined the Kheda Satyagraha.
Answer: Vallabhbhai Patel
In simple words: Following Gandhiji's counsel, Vallabhbhai Patel stopped his legal work and participated in the Kheda Satyagraha.

Exam Tip: Recall the specific individuals who joined important movements at Gandhiji's behest.

Question 15. The Kheda Satyagraha proved of great importance from the viewpoint of ...................... .
Answer: principles
In simple words: The Kheda Satyagraha was very important because it showed some key ideas about how people should fight for their rights.

Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blank questions, identify the core concept being described to find the correct single-word answer.

Question 16. The ...................... were victorious in the First World War.
Answer: England (allied nations).
In simple words: The group of countries that included England won the First World War.

Exam Tip: Recall the major powers involved in World War I and which side emerged victorious to answer this question.

Question 17. Gandhiji called the Rowlett Act as a '......................'.
Answer: Black Act
In simple words: Gandhiji referred to the Rowlett Act as the 'Black Act' because it was very unfair and oppressive.

Exam Tip: Remember the specific names or terms Gandhiji used for significant events or laws, as these are often tested.

Question 18. Jallianwala Baug is situated in ...................... .
Answer: Amritsar
In simple words: Jallianwala Baug, a historic location, is found in the city of Amritsar.

Exam Tip: Knowing the location of important historical sites is crucial for questions related to specific events like the Jallianwala Baug massacre.

Question 19. During the ...................... Satyagraha people tried to strengthen Hindu-Muslim unity.
Answer: Rowlett Act
In simple words: People tried to make Hindu-Muslim unity stronger during the protests against the Rowlett Act.

Exam Tip: Understand the context and goals of various Satyagrahas to correctly identify specific movements and their related aims.

Question 20. During the First World War the sultan of ...................... was the head of Islam.
Answer: Turkey
In simple words: During World War I, the leader of Turkey was also considered the religious head of Islam.

Exam Tip: Connect major historical events, like World War I, with important religious and political figures of the time to answer such questions.

Question 21. Gandhiji started ...................... movement by giving up the title of 'Kaisar-e-Hind'.
Answer: non-cooperation
In simple words: Gandhiji launched the non-cooperation movement by giving up his 'Kaisar-e-Hind' title.

Exam Tip: Focus on significant actions taken by leaders like Gandhiji to initiate major movements, such as returning titles as a form of protest.

Question 22. Due to the violent incident that took place in the village of ...................... Gandhiji withdrew the non-cooperation movement.
Answer: Chauri-chaura
In simple words: Gandhiji stopped the non-cooperation movement because of a violent event in the village of Chauri-chaura.

Exam Tip: Remember the key events that led to the suspension or withdrawal of major movements, such as the Chauri-chaura incident for Non-Cooperation.

Question 23. There wasn't a single Indian in the ...................... Commission.
Answer: Simon
In simple words: The Simon Commission did not have even one Indian member on it.

Exam Tip: Understand why certain commissions or policies faced widespread opposition, as the absence of Indian representation in the Simon Commission was a major issue.

Question 24. Vallabhbhai Patel accepted the leadership of the ...................... Satyagraha.
Answer: Bardoli
In simple words: Vallabhbhai Patel became the leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha.

Exam Tip: Link prominent leaders with the specific movements they led to ensure accuracy in historical questions.

Question 25. After the success of Bardoli Satyagraha, Vallabhbhai Patel was honoured with the title of ...................... .
Answer: Sardar
In simple words: After the Bardoli Satyagraha succeeded, Vallabhbhai Patel was given the honorary title of 'Sardar'.

Exam Tip: Recognize the titles and honors bestowed upon national leaders in recognition of their contributions to major movements.

Question 26. ...................... was the chairman of the committee formed to draft the Constitution of India.
Answer: Pandit Motilal Nehru
In simple words: Pandit Motilal Nehru chaired the committee that was set up to write the Constitution for India.

Exam Tip: Remember the key individuals involved in drafting important historical documents like the Constitution of India.

Question 27. The British government rejected the ...................... because the Muslim League did not accept it.
Answer: Nehru Report
In simple words: The British government turned down the Nehru Report because the Muslim League did not agree with it.

Exam Tip: Understand the reasons behind the rejection of important proposals, such as the Nehru Report, which often involved disagreements among political parties.

Question 28. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of the convention organised at ...................... by the Congress Committee in 1929.
Answer: Lahore
In simple words: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of the meeting arranged by the Congress Committee in Lahore in 1929.

Exam Tip: Associate important historical conventions with their specific locations and the leaders who presided over them.

Question 29. In 1929, the Congress passed a resolution of '......................' on the banks of River Ravi in Lahore.
Answer: Complete Freedom
In simple words: In 1929, the Congress passed a resolution asking for 'Complete Freedom' by the River Ravi in Lahore.

Exam Tip: Identify key resolutions and their significance, such as the demand for 'Complete Freedom' which marked a turning point in the independence movement.

Question 30. The Congress Committee took the oath of freedom on 26th January, ...................... .
Answer: 1930
In simple words: The Congress Committee pledged for freedom on January 26, 1930.

Exam Tip: Remember specific dates and years for pivotal moments in the freedom struggle, like the pledge of freedom day.

State whether the following statements are true or false:

Question 1. Gandhiji established the 'Satyagraha' Ashram at Kochrab on 25th May 1920.
Answer: False
In simple words: The statement is incorrect because Gandhiji established the Satyagraha Ashram in 1915, not 1920.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to dates when studying historical events, as a small detail can change a statement from true to false.

Question 2. The Champaran region of Bihar was famous for its mango plantations.
Answer: True
In simple words: The statement is correct; the Champaran area in Bihar was indeed well-known for growing mangoes.

Exam Tip: Factual recall of details about regions and their agricultural significance can be important for true/false questions.

Question 3. The British government announced the Rowlett Act after the 2nd World War.
Answer: False
In simple words: The statement is incorrect because the Rowlett Act was introduced after the First World War, not the Second.

Exam Tip: Be careful to distinguish between different World Wars and their associated historical events to avoid common errors.

Question 4. Gandhiji started the Freedom Movement on the thoughts of non-cooperation.
Answer: False
In simple words: The statement is incorrect as Gandhiji based his initial freedom movements on 'Satyagraha' (truth and non-violence), while non-cooperation was a specific strategy that came later.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between Gandhiji's core philosophy (Satyagraha) and the various movements (like Non-Cooperation) he launched, which were based on that philosophy.

Question 5. After ending the non-cooperation movement Gandhiji started creative work in rural areas.
Answer: True
In simple words: The statement is correct; after the non-cooperation movement finished, Gandhiji began working on constructive programs in villages.

Exam Tip: Understand Gandhiji's focus on constructive work, which often followed major political movements, especially in rural development.

Question 6. The Gujarat Vidyapith was established in Ahmedabad during the revolution against to the Simon Commission.
Answer: False
In simple words: The statement is incorrect because Gujarat Vidyapith was established during the Non-Cooperation Movement, not specifically against the Simon Commission.

Exam Tip: Connect educational institutions like Vidyapiths with the correct historical movements, as they were often established during periods of nationalistic fervor.

Question 7. Mahatma Gandhi was against a violent revolution.
Answer: True
In simple words: The statement is correct; Mahatma Gandhi always opposed revolutions that involved violence.

Exam Tip: Remember Gandhiji's core principle of non-violence (ahimsa), which guided all his actions and campaigns.

Question 8. The Constitution of free India was implemented on 15th August 1947.
Answer: False
In simple words: The statement is incorrect; India's Constitution was implemented on January 26, 1950, while independence was achieved on August 15, 1947.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between the date of India's independence and the date its Constitution came into effect, as these are two different but important historical milestones.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:

Question 1. What is the name of the Father of our Nation?
Answer: The name of the Father of our Nation is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
In simple words: The Father of our Nation is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.

Exam Tip: This is a direct recall question; ensure you state the full name accurately.

Question 2. Why did people respect Gandhiji even at an international level?
Answer: Gandhiji had successfully carried out a non-violent Satyagraha against racial discrimination in South Africa. Therefore, people respected Gandhiji even at an international level.
In simple words: People respected Gandhiji globally because he successfully led a peaceful protest against racial discrimination in South Africa.

Exam Tip: Focus on Gandhiji's successful application of non-violence against injustice, particularly his work in South Africa, as the main reason for his international acclaim.

Question 3. What did Gandhiji do on the advice of Gopalkrishna Gokhale?
Answer: On the advice of Gopalkrishna Gokhale, Gandhiji toured the whole of India and tried to understand the needs, the plight and the conditions of the people.
In simple words: Following Gopalkrishna Gokhale's advice, Gandhiji traveled all over India to understand what people needed, their struggles, and their living conditions.

Exam Tip: When answering about influences on Gandhiji, highlight the specific actions he took based on that advice, such as touring the country to understand its people.

Question 4. Where and when did Gandhiji establish an ashram in Ahmedabad?
Answer: Gandhiji established his 'Satyagraha Ashram' at Kochrab, Ahmedabad on 25th May 1915. After two years Gandhiji shifted this Satyagraha Ashram to the banks of the Sabarmati.
In simple words: Gandhiji set up his 'Satyagraha Ashram' in Kochrab, Ahmedabad, on May 25, 1915, and later moved it to the Sabarmati River banks.

Exam Tip: Include both the initial location and date, as well as any significant changes or relocations of important institutions.

Question 5. Where is Champaran located? Why was it famous?
Answer: Champaran is located at the foot of the Himalayas in Bihar near Nepal. It was famous for its mango plantations.
In simple words: Champaran is in Bihar, close to Nepal, at the base of the Himalayas, and was known for growing mangoes.

Exam Tip: For geographical questions, provide both the location and the primary reason for its fame.

Question 6. How were European landlords exploiting the farmers at Champaran?
Answer: European landlords forced the farmers to produce indigo on 3/20th portion of their land in Champaran. They would then exploit the farmers further by making them sell the indigo produce at very low rates.
In simple words: European landlords in Champaran made farmers grow indigo on a large part of their land and then forced them to sell it cheaply, which was a form of exploitation.

Exam Tip: Clearly explain the specific methods of exploitation, mentioning the crops, land proportions, and pricing, to provide a complete answer.

Question 7. How did the Champaran Satyagraha become a success?
Answer: Gandhiji decided to tackle the issue on the request of Rajkumar Shukla. He stayed at Motihari village in Champaran and talked about the problems of these farmers to the British rulers. The British promised to implement Gandhiji's suggestions. This is how the Champaran Satyagraha became a success.
In simple words: The Champaran Satyagraha succeeded because Gandhiji, asked by Rajkumar Shukla, investigated farmer issues in Motihari, presented them to the British, and the British then agreed to follow his advice.

Exam Tip: Outline the sequence of events that led to the success of a Satyagraha, including the initial request, Gandhiji's involvement, and the outcome.

Question 8. How did the Kheda Satyagraha become a success?
Answer: Though the Kheda Satyagraha enjoyed only moderate success, farmers of Gujarat, as well as India, became fearless, aware and courageous. The most important outcome was that the nation found a devoted and committed leader like Vallabhbhai Patel who had an extremely strong willpower.
In simple words: The Kheda Satyagraha had moderate success, but it helped farmers in Gujarat and India become brave and aware. The most important result was that the nation gained a dedicated leader, Vallabhbhai Patel, who had strong determination.

Exam Tip: Even if a movement's direct goals were partially met, focus on its wider impacts, such as instilling courage in people or identifying new leaders, as forms of 'success'.

Question 9. What was the provision of the Rowlett Act?
Answer: The Rowlett Act authorized the government to exercise stricter control on press. The British also arrested people without warrants and sentenced them to indefinite jail sentences without trial. The accused were not allowed to know the reason for their arrest nor were they allowed to appeal or know the evidence used against them in court.
In simple words: The Rowlett Act gave the government power to control newspapers more strictly. It allowed British officials to arrest people without reason or trial, keeping them in jail indefinitely, and not letting them see evidence or appeal their case.

Exam Tip: List the key features or clauses of controversial acts like the Rowlett Act, emphasizing the oppressive aspects that led to public protest.

Question 10. Why and when was a meeting held in Jallianwala Baug?
Answer: A meeting was organized on 13th April 1919 (on the day of Baisakhi, which was a Full Moon Night) at Jallianwala Baug in Amritsar, to protest against the Rowlett Act and pay tribute to the martyrs who had been victims of British exploitation and also to protest against the arrest of popular leaders Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kichlu under the Rowlett Act.
In simple words: On April 13, 1919, a meeting was held at Jallianwala Baug in Amritsar during Baisakhi. Its purpose was to protest the Rowlett Act, honor those killed by British actions, and oppose the arrests of leaders like Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kichlu under that same Act.

Exam Tip: Provide both the specific date and the multiple reasons for holding such an important public gathering, as historical events often have complex causes.

Question 11. Who were the main leaders of the Khilafat Movement?
Answer: The main leaders of the Khilafat Movement were the Ali brothers - Maulana Shaukat Ali and Maulana Mohammed Ali.
In simple words: The main leaders of the Khilafat Movement were the Ali brothers, Maulana Shaukat Ali and Maulana Mohammed Ali.

Exam Tip: Identify the key individuals who spearheaded significant movements, as their names are crucial for historical context.

Question 12. Which national educational institutions were set up during the non-cooperative movement to facilitate education?
Answer: During the non-cooperation movement many national educational institutions like Gujarat Vidyapith (in Ahmedabad), Bihar Vidyapith, Kashi Vidyapith, Jamia- Milia Islamia (in Delhi), Tilak Vidyapith (in Pune), etc. were established.
In simple words: During the non-cooperation movement, many national schools were started to help people get an education. Some examples are Gujarat Vidyapith, Bihar Vidyapith, Kashi Vidyapith, Jamia-Milia Islamia, and Tilak Vidyapith.

Exam Tip: List specific examples of institutions founded during nationalist movements, as this demonstrates detailed knowledge of the period.

Question 13. Why did the political institutions of India boycott the Simon Commission?
Answer: In the seven-member Simon Commission, all the members were British. There wasn't a single Indian representative. Therefore, all the political institutions of India boycotted the Simon Commission.
In simple words: Indian political groups boycotted the Simon Commission because all seven of its members were British, and there were no Indian representatives.

Exam Tip: The lack of Indian representation was a central reason for the boycott of the Simon Commission; clearly state this key point in your answer.

Question 14. What was the main reason for the Bardoli Satyagraha?
Answer: In 1928 the British government increased the taxes on land by 22 % in Bardoli village of Surat district. When the government did not attend to the people's request to lower taxes, a Satyagraha was undertaken to protest against this untimely and unjust levy.
In simple words: The Bardoli Satyagraha started because the British government unfairly raised land taxes by 22% in 1928, and they ignored requests from the people to reduce these taxes.

Exam Tip: State the specific grievance, including the percentage increase and the location, as the primary cause of the Bardoli Satyagraha.

Question 15. Why did the British government not accept the 'Nehru Report'?
Answer: The Muslim League did not accept the 'Nehru Report' so the British Government rejected it.
In simple words: The British Government rejected the 'Nehru Report' because the Muslim League did not agree with its proposals.

Exam Tip: Understand how divisions among Indian political parties, such as the Muslim League's non-acceptance, often influenced British government decisions.

Question 16. When, where and under whose chairmanship did the congress pass the resolution of 'Complete Freedom'?
Answer: On December 31, 1929, at midnight, the Congress passed a resolution of 'Complete Freedom' on the banks of River Ravi in Lahore under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru.
In simple words: On December 31, 1929, at midnight, the Congress passed the 'Complete Freedom' resolution by the River Ravi in Lahore, led by Jawaharlal Nehru.

Exam Tip: Include all three crucial pieces of information - when (date and time), where (location and specific landmark), and by whom (chairman) - for a complete answer.

Write short notes on the following:

Question 1. Jallianwala Baug Massacre
Answer: A meeting was organized on 13th April 1919 (on the day of Baisakhi, which was a Full Moon Night) at Jallianwala Baug in Amritsar, to protest against the Rowlett Act and pay tribute to the martyrs who had been victims of British exploitation and also to protest against the arrest of popular leaders Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kichlu under the Rowlett Act. About 10,000 people had gathered for this meeting. Without any prior notice, General Dyer ordered his soldiers to open fire on the unarmed people gathered there. The firing stopped only when the soldiers ran out of ammunition. Though Government records claim that 379 people died and 1200 were injured during the shootout the actual number of casualties was quite high. After this horrifying incident, Gandhiji completely lost faith in the British sense of justice and fairness.
In simple words: On April 13, 1919, a large gathering took place at Jallianwala Baug in Amritsar to protest the Rowlett Act and British actions. General Dyer's soldiers fired on the unarmed crowd without warning, killing and injuring many. This brutal event made Gandhiji completely lose trust in British justice.

Exam Tip: For short notes on historical events, describe the date, location, purpose of the gathering, the main incident, the casualties, and its immediate impact or consequence.

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1. Years and events have been given in Section A and Section B respectively. Match the events given in Section B with the year in which they took place given in Section A:
Section 'A' (Year)
(1) 1917
(2) 1919
(3) 1920
(4) 1927
(5) 1928
Section 'B' (Events)
(1) Non-cooperation movement
(2) Bardoli Satyagraha
(3) Jallianwala Baug Massacre
(4) Champaran Satyagraha
(5) Resolution of Complete Freedom
(6) Simon Commission
Answer:
(1-4),
(2-3),
(3-1),
(4-6),
(5-2).
In simple words: The correct matches are: 1917 with Champaran Satyagraha; 1919 with Jallianwala Baug Massacre; 1920 with Non-cooperation movement; 1927 with Simon Commission; and 1928 with Bardoli Satyagraha.

Exam Tip: Review historical timelines and match key events with their specific years to ensure accuracy in pairing questions.