GSEB Class 8 Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Human Resources

1. Answer the Following Questions in Short.

 

Question 1. Write the importance of Census.
Answer: Collecting and organizing details about individuals residing in a nation or specific area is termed the 'Census'. It occurs every 10 years under the central government's authority. In India, the latest census happened in 2011 (the seventh one). A census helps with the country's five-year development plans, providing data on needs like food, water, housing, industries, electricity, jobs, schooling, and environmental care. Having a census is very significant.
In simple words: A census means gathering and listing facts about people in a country or area. It happens every 10 years. This information helps plan things like food, housing, and jobs for the country.

Exam Tip: To score well, define 'Census' clearly, mention its frequency and regulating body, and explain its importance for national planning.

 

Question 2. Why does the population increase at a fast rate?
Answer: A fast population rise causes concern. India's population grew from 102.87 crores in 2001 to 121.01 crores in 2011. Key reasons for this growth include:
1. People moving for business, studies, or to live abroad.
2. Lower Death Rate: Two hundred years ago, population growth was slower because infant mortality and maternal death rates were high, and many serious illnesses were untreatable. Diseases such as cholera, plague, tuberculosis, and typhoid were incurable. People also suffered from famines. Now, transportation and roads are better, giving people easier access to medical care. Healthy food is readily available, and infectious diseases are managed through modern treatments and immunization drives. Disaster preparedness and response have improved, helping affected individuals recover more quickly. This has lowered the death rate, leading to higher population growth.
3. Longer Life-expectancy: In addition, living standards have improved, and the average lifespan, which was about 40-41 years in 1920, has now reached 63-64 years. Nevertheless, the birth rate has not reduced significantly. Factors contributing to the higher birth rate include: lack of education, old beliefs, traditional views where a boy child is highly valued, early marriages, poverty, re-marriage of widows, and a negative outlook on having small families.
In simple words: Population increases quickly due to better medical care and longer lives, so fewer people pass away. Also, many people move in, and certain cultural ideas, like valuing a male child or early marriage, keep birth rates high. All these things together make the population grow fast.

Exam Tip: When explaining rapid population growth, discuss improvements in healthcare, increased life expectancy, and social-cultural factors that impact birth rates.

 

Question 3. What do you understand by birth rate and death rate?
Answer: The 'birth rate' is defined as the total number of live births within a year for every 1000 people in a specific region. The 'death rate' is the total number of deaths within a year for every 1000 people in that same area.
In simple words: Birth rate tells you how many babies are born in a year for every 1000 people. Death rate tells you how many people pass away in a year for every 1000 people.

Exam Tip: Clearly define both 'birth rate' and 'death rate' by mentioning the number of live births or deaths per 1000 individuals within a year.

 

Question 4. Define population density.
Answer: Population Density refers to the average count of individuals residing per square kilometre within a particular region.
In simple words: Population density is simply how many people live in one square kilometer of land. It tells you how crowded an area is.

Exam Tip: When defining population density, remember to include 'average number of people' and 'per square kilometer of area' for a complete definition.

 

Question 5. What do you understand by migration?
Answer: When people move from one location to another, either for work or for overall improvement in their lives, this movement is called 'migration'.
In simple words: Migration is when people move from one place to another, often to find better jobs or to improve their lives.

Exam Tip: Define migration by focusing on human movement and the reasons behind it, such as seeking better livelihood or progress.

2. Explain the Terms Given Below.

 

Question 1. Literacy
Answer: A 'literate' person is someone aged 6 years or older who can read, write, and comprehend at least one language. India's literacy rate has steadily increased, which is a good indicator. In 1901, it was 5.35%, and by 2011, it had gone up to 74.04%. Kerala has the highest rate at 93.91%, while Gujarat's literacy rate is 79.31%.
In simple words: A literate person is anyone over 6 years old who can read, write, and understand at least one language. India's literacy rate has been growing, showing good progress.

Exam Tip: To explain literacy, define a literate person by age and skill, and mention the general trend of literacy rates in India, perhaps citing a key statistic.

 

Question 2. Age structure
Answer: A country's population is made up of three main age groups:
1. Children – from 0 to 14 years old.
2. Adults – from 15 to 59 years old.
3. Senior citizens – those who are 60 years old or older.
The 2001 census showed that 35-40% of the population was under 18, 7-10% were senior citizens, and the remaining were adults. Japan has the largest percentage of senior citizens.
In simple words: Age structure means dividing a country's people into three main groups: children (0-14), adults (15-59), and senior citizens (60 and older). This helps understand the population's setup.

Exam Tip: Clearly list the three age groups with their respective age ranges and mention how population is typically distributed among these groups, including any notable examples.

 

Question 3. Population composition
Answer: Population Composition means classifying the entire population into different groups. This classification is usually based on factors like gender (male-female), age, where people live (rural or urban), religious beliefs, and language spoken, among others.
In simple words: Population composition is about breaking down a country's total population into different groups. This includes looking at things like gender, age, where people live, their religion, and what language they speak.

Exam Tip: Define population composition by stating that it is the classification of the total population and list the key categories used for this classification.

3. Answer the Following Questions in Detail:

 

Question 1. Give information about qualitative changes in population?
Answer: Qualitative changes are the shifts seen in people's health and education levels. These changes impact behavior, way of life, and living conditions. The primary drivers behind these improvements include commitment, diligence, national pride, passion, and bravery. Such elements lead to broader socio-cultural transformations.
In simple words: Qualitative changes in population mean improvements in health and education. These changes make people act differently, live better, and also bring about bigger shifts in society and culture.

Exam Tip: Explain qualitative changes by linking them to improvements in health and education, and list the positive human qualities that drive these socio-cultural transformations.

 

Question 2. Why is the human resource considered as the most important resource for a nation?
Answer: Human resources represent the human capital of any nation. A country's advancement relies not only on its land area or natural resources but also on the calibre of its human resources, which greatly aids economic growth. Hence, human resources are viewed as the most crucial asset for a nation. A skilled and educated population is also called 'human resource'. The value of human resource is linked to education and intellect. Competent individuals like doctors, engineers, athletes, entrepreneurs, farmers, and other committed citizens are human resources and a benefit to the country. Our young people and children are future resources that require proper development. When a nation's human resources are educated, skilled, robust, and healthy, they can drive the country's progress. Thoughtful use of human resources lays the groundwork for national growth. To match advanced countries, it is essential to have excellent human resources and remove anything that weakens this vital asset.
In simple words: Human resources are key for a nation's growth because development comes from the quality of people, not just land or raw materials. Educated, skilled, and healthy citizens, like doctors and engineers, help the economy grow and build a strong future for the country.

Exam Tip: Emphasize that a nation's development depends on the quality, not just the quantity, of its human capital, highlighting the role of education, skills, and health in economic progress.

4. Fill in the Blanks with Appropriate Words.

 

Question 1. The density of population during the census 2011 was ........................
Answer: second
In simple words: In the 2011 census, population density was ranked as 'second'.

Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blanks, always ensure your answer directly completes the sentence logically according to the provided context.

 

Question 2. India stands at the ..................... position in the world in terms of population.
Answer: 16
In simple words: Regarding population, India holds the 16th rank globally.

Exam Tip: Remember specific numerical facts like India's global population ranking as presented in the chapter to correctly fill in the blanks.

 

Question 3. The people following ..................... religion are maximum in number in India.
Answer: 382
In simple words: In India, the most followers of a religion are represented by the number 382.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific information provided in the textbook when completing numerical fill-in-the-blanks related to demographics.

 

Question 4. The sex ratio in Gujarat as per the census 2011 was ........................
Answer: 918
In simple words: According to the 2011 census, Gujarat had a sex ratio of 918.

Exam Tip: For questions about specific census data like sex ratio, ensure you recall the exact numbers for the given region and year.

 

Question 5. Approximately ..................... % of total world's population resides in India.
Answer: Hindu
In simple words: A percentage of the world's total population living in India is identified as Hindu.

Exam Tip: When dealing with fill-in-the-blanks that combine percentages and demographics, make sure your answer is contextually relevant to both parts of the question.

Activity

1. Prepare a chart showing the factors affecting the population distribution.

2. Draw a graph showing the sex ratio, literacy rate and increase in population in India.

3. Collect information from magazines and newspapers in form of articles, poems, cartoons regarding child marriage, literacy and over population-related problems, etc. and display the cuttings on the bulletin board.

4. Discuss in your group and make notes on factors affecting the increase in population and density of population.

5. Every student will write information about his/ her family which will include details like name, age, gender, address, education, profession, etc. Collect this information from the whole class and classify the information into various categories such as: education up to SSC, HSC, graduation, post-graduation, etc.

6. Fill in the details in the table given below after referring to the information about the census 2011 on – http://www.census2011 .co. in or refer to the map given on page no. 40 of your textbook.

7. Let's Think About This and Discuss:

• Lesser the children, better the development.
• Small family, happy family.

8. Use different colours to indicate the five states that have the maximum density of population in Map no. 6.2 given on page 44 of your textbook.

9. Make a list of all those foreign countries where people from your area have settled.

10. Make a list of all those states from where people have come to Gujarat and settled down.

11. Count the number of languages used on our currency note. Make a list of those languages that are not mentioned.

12. Prepare a chart showing the factors affecting population distribution.

13. Draw a graph showing the sex ratio, literacy rate and increase in population in India.

14. Collect information from magazines and newspapers in form of articles, poems, cartoons, regarding child marriage, literacy and over population-related problems, etc. and display the cuttings on the bulletin board.

15. Discuss in your group and make notes on factors affecting the increase in population and density of population.

GSEB Class 8 Social Science Human Resources Intext Questions and Answers

 

Question 1. Areawise India stands 7th in the world. List the first six countries bigger than India in terms of area.
Answer: The six nations larger than India in terms of area are: USA, China, Brazil, Canada, Russia, and Australia. India holds the 7th position globally in land size.
In simple words: India is the 7th largest country by land area. The six countries bigger than India are the USA, China, Brazil, Canada, Russia, and Australia.

Exam Tip: For questions about rankings and lists, ensure you accurately name all items in the list and confirm the specific rank.

 

Question 2. Census for which birds and animals has been conducted in Gujarat?
Answer: Gujarat has conducted a census for a variety of animals, including Asiatic lions, reptiles, and insects. Carnivores such as Indian leopards, Indian cobras, jungle cats, striped hyenas, golden jackals, Indian mongooses, and palm civets were counted. Herbivores like chital, nilgai, sambar, antelope, and chinkara were also included. Reptiles like crocodiles, monitor lizards, and pythons were surveyed. The recent census in Gujarat also tallied birds such as vultures, crested serpent eagles, Bonelli's eagles, crested hawk-eagles, brown fish owls, Indian eagle owls, rock bush quails, woodpeckers, orioles, treeswifts, and Indian pittas.
In simple words: Gujarat has counted many types of birds and animals. This includes big cats like lions and leopards, reptiles like crocodiles and pythons, and plant-eaters like deer. Many kinds of birds such as eagles, owls, and woodpeckers were also counted in the recent survey.

Exam Tip: When listing different species, categorize them (e.g., carnivores, herbivores, reptiles, birds) to ensure comprehensive coverage and clarity in your answer.

 

Question 3. Why is Uttar Pradesh densely populated?
Answer: Uttar Pradesh has a high population density because it is a flat region with abundant water, largely due to its location along the River Ganga. The fertile plains support easy agriculture, which is why a large number of people reside in this state.
In simple words: Uttar Pradesh is crowded because it's a flat land with plenty of water from the Ganga River. This makes farming easy, so many people choose to live there.

Exam Tip: Focus on the geographical and agricultural advantages of Uttar Pradesh, such as flat plains and river access, which attract a large population.

 

Question 4. Why Sikkim is sparsely populated?
Answer: Sikkim has a low population density because of its challenging landscape and high elevation. Living in such regions is difficult. Therefore, despite having ample water, the state remains sparsely populated.
In simple words: Sikkim has few people because its land is rough and high up in the mountains. It's hard to live there, even though there's a lot of water.

Exam Tip: Highlight the geographical challenges like rugged terrain and high altitude as key reasons for Sikkim's low population density, explaining why these conditions deter settlement.

 

Question 5. Observe the family with the highest number of members and the least number of members in your society. List out the comforts and discomforts faced by these families.
Answer: A family with many members often experiences disputes over various things. Not all members are ever content, leading to frequent complaints. In contrast, families with fewer members have enough for everyone, resulting in greater happiness. They lead a peaceful existence and gain more advantages than those in larger families. Smaller families can arrange their fun activities and vacations with ease, something larger families often struggle to afford. Life in a small family is generally superior to life in a large family.
In simple words: Large families often argue and have complaints because there isn't always enough for everyone. Small families, however, are usually happier because they have enough resources, enjoy peace, and can easily plan fun activities or trips.

Exam Tip: When comparing family sizes, list clear pros and cons for both small and large families, covering aspects like resources, peace, and ability to plan activities.

 

Question 6. What is the significance of a healthy population for the development of a nation?
Answer: A healthy population means people are free from sickness. This implies individuals are stronger and can readily accept challenges or work for longer periods to achieve prosperity. As each person succeeds, the entire nation will naturally advance and thrive. This contributes to quick growth. Consequently, a healthy population is fundamental to a country's full development and advancement.
In simple words: A healthy population is important because healthy people are stronger, work harder, and can solve problems easily. When individuals do well, the whole country grows and makes progress quickly.

Exam Tip: Highlight that a healthy population leads to greater individual productivity, which in turn drives national prosperity, rapid development, and overall progress.

GSEB Class 8 Social Science Revolutionaries of India Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the Correct Alternative from Those Given Below Each Question:

 

Question 1. After how many years is the census done in India?
(a) Four
(b) Five
(c) Ten
Answer: (c) Ten
In simple words: The census, which counts everyone in India, happens every ten years.

Exam Tip: Remember the specific interval for national census surveys, as it is a common factual question in general knowledge.

 

Question 2. At which position is India with respect to land area?
(a) Third
(b) Fourth
(c) Fifth
(d) Seventh
Answer: (d) Seventh
In simple words: India ranks seventh in the world when comparing country sizes by land area.

Exam Tip: Know India's global rankings for both land area and population to avoid confusion in multiple-choice questions.

 

Question 3. Which country is first in the world with respect to population?
(a) China
(b) Russia
(c) USA
(d) India
Answer: (a) China
In simple words: China currently has the largest population in the world.

Exam Tip: Be aware of the top countries by population, as this is a fundamental demographic fact.

 

Question 4. In India, what was the percentage of population rise during the last decade?
(a) 1.2%
(b) 0.3%
(c) 1.4%
(d) 1.6%
Answer: (d) 1.6%
In simple words: India's population grew by 1.6% over the most recent ten-year period.

Exam Tip: Recall specific percentage figures related to population growth from recent census data to answer such questions accurately.

 

Question 5. Which district of Gujarat has the highest population?
(a) Surat
(b) Vadodara
(c) Ahmedabad
(d) Rajkot
Answer: (c) Ahmedabad
In simple words: Ahmedabad district in Gujarat has the greatest number of people.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with key demographic facts for your region, such as the most populated district, as these are often tested.

 

Question 6. Which district of Gujarat has the highest population density?
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Anand
(c) Gandhinagar
(d) Surat
Answer: (d) Surat
In simple words: Surat district in Gujarat has the highest number of people living per square kilometer, meaning it's the most crowded.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between total population and population density when answering questions about crowded areas, as they are different metrics.

 

Question 7. Which state of India has the highest population?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Maharashtra
(d) West Bengal
Answer: (a) Uttar Pradesh
In simple words: Uttar Pradesh is the state in India with the largest total population.

Exam Tip: Know the most populous states in India, as this is a common geography and demographics question.

 

Question 8. In which state is the population least in India?
(a) In Lakshadweep
(b) In Diu and Daman
(c) In Sikkim
(d) In Goa
Answer: (a) In Lakshadweep
In simple words: Lakshadweep has the smallest population in India among the options provided.

Exam Tip: Identify the smallest states or union territories by population to correctly answer questions about the least populated areas.

 

Question 9. What percentage of population resides in rural areas in Gujarat?
(a) 28%
(b) 38%
(c) 62%
(d) 72%
Answer: (c) 62%
In simple words: In Gujarat, about 62% of the people live in rural areas.

Exam Tip: Recall the specific percentages for rural-urban distribution in key regions like Gujarat, as these details are often tested.

 

Question 10. Out of the total population, what is the percentage of senior citizens in India?
(a) 4%
(b) 7%
(c) 10%
(d) 15%
Answer: (c) 10%
In simple words: Around 10% of India's total population consists of senior citizens.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the age demographics of India's population, especially the percentage of senior citizens, for such factual questions.

 

Question 11. Which state of India has the highest sex ratio?
(a) Kerala
(b) West Bengal
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Haryana
Answer: (a) Kerala
In simple words: Kerala is the state in India where there are more women than men, indicating the highest sex ratio.

Exam Tip: Identify states with high or low sex ratios, understanding what these statistics imply about gender balance in the population.

 

Question 12. In India, what was the average percentage of literacy in 2011?
(a) 64%
(b) 84%
(c) 74%
(d) 43%
Answer: (c) 74%
In simple words: In 2011, the average literacy rate across India was 74%.

Exam Tip: Remember the average national literacy rate from the latest census, as this is a key indicator of educational progress.

 

Question 13. Which state is first in India with respect to literacy rate?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Bihar
(d) Kerala
Answer: (d) Kerala
In simple words: Kerala holds the top spot among Indian states for its high literacy rate.

Exam Tip: Know which states lead in literacy rates and what factors contribute to their success, for a deeper understanding.

 

Question 14. In India, which state has the least literacy rate?
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Rajasthan
Answer: (b) Bihar
In simple words: Bihar is the state in India with the lowest literacy rate.

Exam Tip: Be aware of states with both the highest and lowest literacy rates to demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of educational statistics.

 

Question 15. In India, on what basis have states been formed?
(a) Religion
(b) Caste
(c) Language
(d) Natural boundaries
Answer: (c) Language
In simple words: States in India were primarily organized based on the languages spoken by their people.

Exam Tip: Understand the historical basis for state formation in India, with language being a primary factor, for questions on political geography.

Fill in the Blanks with Proper Words or Numbers in the Following Statements:

 

Question 1. In India, the last census was done in the year ........................
Answer: 2011
In simple words: The most recent count of people in India, called the census, took place in 2011.

Exam Tip: Recall the year of the latest census in India, as this is a fundamental demographic fact often asked in blanks.

 

Question 2. The total surface area of India is ..................... sq km which is ..................... % of the total land surface area of the world.
Answer: 32,87,263; 2.42
In simple words: India's total land area is 3,287,263 square kilometers, which makes up 2.42% of the world's entire land surface.

Exam Tip: Memorize key geographical statistics for India, such as its total area and its percentage of global land area, for accurate fill-in-the-blank answers.

 

Question 3. At the time of the 2011 census, the population of India was approximate ..................... crores.
Answer: 121
In simple words: Around 121 crore people lived in India during the 2011 census.

Exam Tip: Know the approximate population figures from the 2011 census for India, especially in terms of crores, for fill-in-the-blank questions.

 

Question 4. In 2011, the average life span of man was ..................... years.
Answer: 63/64
In simple words: The average life expectancy for a person in 2011 was 63 to 64 years.

Exam Tip: Remember the average life expectancy for the specified year (2011) to correctly answer questions related to demographic health indicators.

 

Question 5. During the 2001 to 2011 decade, the population in India increased by about ..................... crores.
Answer: 18
In simple words: Between 2001 and 2011, India's population increased by roughly 18 crore people.

Exam Tip: Focus on the population growth figures between specific census years, understanding the increase in crores, for these types of questions.

 

Question 6. As per the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, the appropriate marriageable age for males is ..................... years and that for females is ..................... years.
Answer: 21; 18
In simple words: Under the Child Marriage Act, boys can marry at 21 years old and girls at 18 years old.

Exam Tip: Recall the legal minimum ages for marriage for both males and females as per the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, as these are important social facts.

 

Question 7. About ..................... % of the population of Gujarat resides in urban areas.
Answer: 38
In simple words: Approximately 38% of Gujarat's population lives in cities or urban areas.

Exam Tip: Know the urban population percentage for specific regions like Gujarat to accurately fill in blanks related to demographic distribution.

 

Question 8. Sex ratio is known as the number of women per ..................... men.
Answer: thousand
In simple words: The sex ratio is defined as the number of women for every thousand men.

Exam Tip: Understand that sex ratio is typically calculated per thousand men, and remember this standard unit for definitions.

 

Question 9. In 2011, the literacy rate of Gujarat was ..................... %.
Answer: 79.31
In simple words: Gujarat's literacy rate in 2011 was 79.31%.

Exam Tip: Recall specific statistical data, like the literacy rate of Gujarat from the 2011 census, for precise answers in blanks.

Answer the Following Questions in One or Two Sentences:

 

Question 1. Explain the meaning of 'Population Census'.
Answer: The 'Population Census' is the process of collecting and organizing details about everyone living in a nation or specific area. It is conducted every 10 years by the central government, with the most recent one in India taking place in 2011.
In simple words: A Population Census means gathering and listing facts about all the people in a country or region. The central government does it every 10 years to count everyone.

Exam Tip: When explaining 'Population Census', define it as collecting demographic information, mention its frequency (every 10 years), and the authority responsible.

 

Question 2. Which problems are caused due to rising population?
Answer: An increasing population leads to administrative challenges, along with issues such as a scarcity of food, water, and housing. It also results in environmental contamination, difficulties in resource preservation, unemployment, and heavy traffic. To manage these issues, various plans and guidelines are created.
In simple words: A growing population causes problems like not enough food, water, or homes. It also leads to pollution, unemployment, and traffic jams. Governments create plans to handle these issues.

Exam Tip: List various challenges resulting from population growth, covering social (housing, employment), environmental (pollution), and infrastructural (traffic, resources) aspects.

 

Question 4. In which regions do we find high population density?
Answer: Population density is linked to social, economic, and geographical circumstances. It is notably high in rich alluvial river plains, delta regions, and industrial zones.
In simple words: High population density is found in places with good social, economic, and geographical conditions. This includes fertile river plains, deltas, and areas with many industries.

Exam Tip: Identify areas with favorable geographical conditions (fertile plains, river deltas) and economic opportunities (industrial areas) as regions with high population density.

 

Question 5. In which regions do we find low population density?
Answer: Population density is scarce in deserts, mountainous areas, and forested regions because of difficult living circumstances.
In simple words: Low population density is found in places like deserts, mountains, and forests because the conditions there are not good for living.

Exam Tip: Explain that low population density occurs in areas with harsh geographical conditions, such as deserts, mountains, and dense forests, which make settlement difficult.

 

Question 6. Why do quantitative changes happen in population?
Answer: Reasons for quantitative changes :

• Population growth and
• Migration.

Quantitative changes in population occur primarily due to the rate of population increase and the movement of people from one place to another. Additionally, factors such as a relatively smaller land area, the situation of agricultural workers, the expansion of cities, and various social and economic reasons also contribute to these numerical shifts in population.
In simple words: Quantitative changes in population mostly happen because people are born, pass away, and move around. Other reasons include having less land, problems for farmers, cities growing, and other social or money-related factors.

Exam Tip: When discussing quantitative changes, focus on the primary drivers like birth rates, death rates, and migration, along with socio-economic factors that influence population numbers.

 

Question 7. Which two languages have been given the status of official and global languages respectively in India?
Answer: In India, Hindi has been designated as the official language, and English holds the status of a global language.
In simple words: In India, Hindi is the official language, and English is recognized as the global language.

Exam Tip: Clearly state Hindi as the official language and English as the global language in India, distinguishing their respective statuses.

 

Answer the following questions in short:

 

Question 1. Why was the rate of population growth less two centuries ago in India?
Answer: Two hundred years ago, population growth was slower because many babies and pregnant women died. Deadly illnesses like cholera, plague, TB (tuberculosis), and typhoid had no cure. People also suffered from hunger and famines. Transportation and roads were bad, making it hard to get proper medical help. This scenario has completely changed today. Nutritious food is easy to find, communicable diseases are controlled with better medical care and vaccine programs, and disaster recovery is faster. This has lowered the death rate, but the population growth rate has risen.
In simple words: Two centuries ago, population grew slowly because of high death rates from diseases, lack of medical care, and famines. Today, better food, medicine, and disaster management have lowered death rates, causing faster population growth.

Exam Tip: When explaining historical demographic trends, focus on factors like health, medical advancements, and living conditions that influence birth and death rates.

 

Question 2. Which are the main factors responsible for population explosion in India?
Answer: In India, two main causes of rapid population growth are a high birth rate and a much lower death rate in comparison. Living standards have gotten better, so the average life span, which was around 40-41 years in 1920, has now risen to 63-64 years. However, the birth rate hasn't dropped much. Reasons for the higher birth rate include a lack of education, old beliefs, traditional thoughts, social practices where male children are valued more, early marriage, lack of money, remarriage of widows, and a negative view towards having a small family.
In simple words: India's population is growing fast due to high birth rates and much lower death rates. Better living conditions have increased life expectancy, but birth rates remain high because of illiteracy, old beliefs, valuing male children, early marriages, poverty, and a dislike for small families.

Exam Tip: Always list both "high birth rate" and "low death rate" as the primary reasons for population explosion, then elaborate on the contributing factors for each.

 

Question 3. Which factors affect population density?
Answer: Population density refers to the average number of people residing in each square kilometer of a particular place. This density is linked to social, financial, and geographical circumstances. It is high in fertile river plains, deltas, and industrial zones. Conversely, population density is low in deserts, hilly, and forested areas because of harsh conditions. Various natural elements such as height, weather, terrain, types of crops, water supply, minerals, energy sources, educational centers, healthcare, transportation, job opportunities, and city growth also influence how densely populated an area becomes.
In simple words: Population density depends on geographical, social, and economic factors. It is high in fertile plains and industrial areas but low in deserts and mountains. Things like climate, water, resources, education, and jobs also affect it.

Exam Tip: Remember to categorize factors influencing population density into geographical (e.g., land, climate) and socio-economic (e.g., education, jobs) for a comprehensive answer.

 

Explain the terms given below:

 

Question 1. Sex Ratio
Answer: The sex ratio is defined as the total number of females for every 1000 males. This ratio has steadily declined since 1951. The 2011 census showed that India had 940 females for every 1000 males. Gujarat's sex ratio is 918. Kerala has the highest sex ratio in India, with 1084 females per 1000 males.
In simple words: Sex ratio tells us how many females there are for every 1000 males. In India, this number has gone down over time.

Exam Tip: When defining "Sex Ratio," always mention the standard "females per 1000 males" and include relevant census data if available to strengthen your answer.

 

Name the following:

 

Question 1. Name the five most highly populated districts of Gujarat.
Answer: Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot, and Banaskantha.
In simple words: The five districts in Gujarat with the most people are Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot, and Banaskantha.

Exam Tip: Practice recalling lists of geographical data by associating them with their respective states or regions.

 

Question 2. Name the five districts of Gujarat that have the highest density of population.
Answer: Surat, Ahmedabad, Anand, Gandhinagar, and Navsari.
In simple words: The five districts in Gujarat where people live most closely together are Surat, Ahmedabad, Anand, Gandhinagar, and Navsari.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between 'most populated' (total numbers) and 'highest density' (people per area) when answering such questions.

 

Match the pairs correctly:

Answer: (1 - b), (2-e), (3-d), (4-a).
In simple words: To correctly match the pairs, you need to connect each description in Section A with the right state from Section B.

Exam Tip: For matching questions, it is often helpful to start with the pairs you are most confident about first to narrow down the remaining options.