GSEB Class 7 Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Location and Time

Answer The Following Questions In Brief

Question 1. How much time does one longitude take to pass from the sun?
Answer: Each longitude takes just 4 minutes to pass by the sun.
In simple words: It takes 4 minutes for one longitude to move past the sun.

Exam Tip: Remember this specific time for longitude movement, as it's a fundamental concept in global time calculations.

Question 2. Draw a circle and mark important latitudes on it.
Answer: The Earth's globe is represented by a circle with important horizontal lines called latitudes. These include the Equator (0°), Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N), Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S), Arctic Circle (66.5° N), Antarctic Circle (66.5° S), and the North (90° N) and South (90° S) Poles. The diagram visually shows these significant parallels of latitude.
In simple words: You need to draw a globe, which is a circle, and then add lines like the Equator, Tropic of Cancer, and Tropic of Capricorn, plus the Arctic and Antarctic Circles, showing how they divide the Earth by degrees north and south.

Exam Tip: Always remember the specific degree values for each major latitude (Equator, Tropics, Circles) and their N/S designation.

Question 3. Draw a circle and mark important longitudes on it.
Answer: A circle representing the globe should be drawn, showing vertical lines known as longitudes. These lines run from the North Pole to the South Pole, including the Prime Meridian (0°) and other meridians at various degrees East and West, such as 15°, 30°, 45°, and so on, up to 180°.
In simple words: Draw a globe with lines that go from the top to the bottom. These lines, called longitudes, should include the 0° line and others marked with degrees east and west.

Exam Tip: Ensure the longitudes are drawn vertically from pole to pole and are labeled correctly with their degrees East (E) or West (W).

5.2: Longitudes Of The Earth

Question 4. Which circle is 0° latitude? How is it? Where are the countries of USA, Brazil, Russia, Norway and England located from 0°?
Answer: The Equator is the 0° latitude. It has a circular shape, spreading from east to west, and is the largest latitude. Countries like USA, Russia, Norway, and England are found north of 0°, while Brazil lies to the south of 0° latitude.
In simple words: The Equator is the 0° latitude, it's a big circle going around the Earth. USA, Russia, Norway, and England are above it, and Brazil is below it.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the name of the 0° latitude and its defining characteristics, then accurately position the listed countries relative to it.

Question 5. With the help of mobile phone, find out some cities ahead and behind Greenwich Line.
Answer: Cities that are ahead of the Greenwich Line include Sydney, Hong Kong, Delhi, and Tokyo. Cities that are behind the Greenwich Line include New York, Washington, Toronto, and Los Angeles.
In simple words: Cities like Sydney and Tokyo are ahead of Greenwich time, while New York and Los Angeles are behind it.

Exam Tip: Provide at least three examples for both "ahead" and "behind" the Greenwich Line to score full marks.

Question 6. Which circle is 0° latitude?
Answer: The Equator is the 0° latitude. It is circular in shape, extends from east to west, and represents the largest latitude.
In simple words: The Equator is the 0° latitude; it's a big, round line going around the Earth.

Exam Tip: Accurately name the 0° latitude and highlight its key features: circular shape and maximum length.

Gseb Class 7 Social Science Location And Time Additional Important Questions And Answers

Question 1. What are latitudes and longitudes? Explain.
Answer:

• The Earth is divided into various sections by some imaginary lines.
• These lines are not actually drawn on the Earth's surface.
• They are imaginary lines that help us to study the Earth and its geography more effectively.
• Such horizontal lines drawn on the globe are referred to as latitudes.
• While the vertical lines drawn on the globe are referred to as longitudes.

Exam Tip: Clearly define both latitudes and longitudes, emphasizing their imaginary nature and their roles in geographical study.

Question 2. What are hemispheres? Explain.
Answer:

• The 0° latitude, called the Equator, passes horizontally from the Earth's center, from the west to the east.
• As a result, the Equator divides the Earth into two halves. These halves are referred to as hemispheres.
• The part of the Earth above the 0° latitude (Equator) in the north is known as the Northern Hemisphere, while the part of the Earth below the Equator in the south is called the Southern Hemisphere.

Exam Tip: Clearly define hemispheres and explain how both the Equator and Prime Meridian contribute to dividing the Earth into these geographical regions, mentioning both north/south and east/west divisions.

Question 3. Where are the below mentioned countries located from 0° latitude? USA, Brazil, Russia, Norway, England, Kenya, Mongolia, Chile, South Africa, Egypt, Canada.
Answer:

Exam Tip: For location questions, always specify 'North', 'South', or 'On Equator' for each country. Create a clear table for readability.

Question 4. Answer the following questions:
(i) Through which countries does the Equator pass?
(ii) Through which countries does the Tropic of Cancer pass?
(iii) Through which countries does the Tropic of Capricorn pass?
Answer:

Note: 1. For the position of these countries, refer to map number 5.4.
2. The whole of Sumatra is in Indonesia, whereas only a part of Borneo belongs to Indonesia.

Exam Tip: Ensure you include all countries and continents mentioned for each latitude line. Use a clear table format for organized presentation.

Question 5. Write a note on longitudes.
Answer:

• The vertical imaginary lines drawn on the Earth's globe are referred to as longitudes.
• The longitudes are drawn from the north to the south direction.
• There are 180 longitudes to the east of the 0° longitude.
• Similarly, there are 180 longitudes to the west of the 0° longitude.
• Therefore, in total, there are 360 longitudes.
• The 0° longitude passes through England, France, Spain, Algeria, Mali, Porto, and other places.

Exam Tip: Define longitudes clearly, specify their direction, the total number, and mention a few countries through which the 0° longitude passes.

Question 6. Write a short note on Greenwich Line.
Answer:

• The 0° longitude, which divides the Earth into two halves, specifically the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, is referred to as the Greenwich Line or Greenwich Meridian.
• It is called so because it passes through Greenwich in England.
• There are 180 longitudes on both sides of the Greenwich Line.
• The Greenwich Line is drawn from the north to the south.

Exam Tip: Define the Greenwich Line as the 0° longitude, state its purpose in dividing hemispheres, and explain why it carries the name "Greenwich".

Question 7. Make a list of the nations that fall in the Eastern Hemisphere and those In the Western Hemisphere.
Answer:

Note: For the position of these countries, refer to map number 5.6.

Exam Tip: Organize your answer clearly by hemisphere and continent. Try to include a few well-known examples for each to demonstrate broad knowledge.

Question 8. Write a note on International Date Line (IDL).
Answer:

• The International Date Line is an imaginary line on Earth that extends from the North Pole to the South Pole.
• IDL stands for the International Date Line.
• The 180° longitude is recognized as the International Date Line.
• There is only one longitude at 180°.
• It travels through the Pacific Ocean.
• When a person moves across the IDL, the date and day change.

Exam Tip: Mention that the IDL is the 180° longitude, its location primarily in the Pacific Ocean, and its primary function of changing the date and day.

A. Shape of the IDL:
Answer:

• The IDL is supposed to be straight, but it is not.
• In many places, it is zigzag.
• If drawn straight, this longitude would pass through numerous islands in the Pacific Ocean.
• Consequently, when the line crossed such islands, the locations there would have two days and dates, which created confusion for these islands.
• Therefore, the IDL was drawn only through water bodies.
• Thus, the IDL does not pass through any landforms.
• To draw it from water bodies, it needed to be made zigzag.
• Therefore, the shape of the IDL is zigzag.

Exam Tip: Focus on explaining *why* the IDL is zigzag – to avoid dividing countries and creating date confusion. A simple diagram can reinforce this understanding.

Question 9. How is time of a location decided?
Answer:

• The largest clock on Earth is the sun.
• A place's time is determined by the sun's position in the sky.
• However, to be exact, the time of places on Earth is determined through longitudes.
• There are a total of 360 longitudes on Earth.
• The Earth requires 24 hours to complete one rotation.
• Thus, in one hour, 15 longitudes \( \left(\frac{360}{24} = 15\right) \) pass through the sun.
• In another way, it takes 4 minutes \( \left(\frac{60}{15} = 4\right) \) for the Earth to pass one longitude through the sun.
• This clarifies that there is a difference of 4 minutes between two adjacent longitudes.
• This time difference is used to determine the time of a particular location.
• According to this, the time at different longitudes varies at different places on Earth.

Exam Tip: Start by mentioning the sun, then move to the precise role of longitudes, illustrating with the calculation of 15 longitudes per hour and the 4-minute difference between adjacent longitudes.

Question 10. What is local time?
Answer:

• The longitude that directly faces the sun helps in determining the local time.
• When the sun is precisely on this longitude, it is 12 pm or 12 noon.
• Using this time as the base, the local time of the place is decided.
• Places situated on the same longitude will have the same time, but places on different longitudes within the same country will have different times.

Exam Tip: Define local time in relation to the sun's overhead position on a longitude, and clarify how time varies with longitude, even within a single country.

Question 11. Write a note on standard time.
Answer:

• A country contains many longitudes, each indicating a different time.
• However, if the time in different places within the same country varies, it creates issues in the administration of the nation.
• Therefore, we have a standard time in our country.
• Standard time means a fixed time that is common for the entire nation.
• It is determined based on one specific longitude of the country.
• It is set by following the local time of a place located in the middle of the country.
• The Standard time of our country has been fixed using the 82.5° E longitude, which is located near Allahabad.
• This means if it is 8:00 am in Allahabad, it is the same time across all of India.
• Standard time helps people to be punctual in their work.
• Large countries like Australia, which extend extensively from east to west, have more than one standard time.

Exam Tip: Explain the necessity of standard time due to variations in local time, how it is determined (central longitude, e.g., 82.5° E for India), and its benefits for administration and punctuality.

Question 12. Why is the IDL zigzag? OR Give reason: The International Date Line is not straight.
Answer:

• The IDL is supposed to be straight, but it is not.
• In many places, it is zigzag.
• If drawn straight, this longitude would pass through numerous islands in the Pacific Ocean.
• Consequently, when the line crossed such islands, the locations there would have two days and dates, which created confusion for these islands.
• Therefore, the IDL was drawn only through water bodies.
• Thus, the IDL does not pass through any landforms.
• To draw it from water bodies, it needed to be made zigzag.
• Therefore, the shape of the IDL is zigzag.

Exam Tip: Focus on explaining *why* the IDL is zigzag – to avoid dividing countries and creating date confusion. A simple diagram can reinforce this understanding.

Question 13. Write a short note on the main longitudes of the earth.
Answer: There are two primary longitudes on Earth:
A. Greenwich Line,
B. International Date Line.
The detailed explanation of these is as follows:
A. Greenwich Line:

• The 0° longitude, which divides the Earth into two halves, specifically the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, is referred to as the Greenwich Line or Greenwich Meridian.
• It is called so because it passes through Greenwich in England.
• There are 180 longitudes on both sides of the Greenwich Line.
• The Greenwich Line is drawn from the north to the south.

Exam Tip: Clearly identify the two main longitudes. For the Greenwich Line, specify its degree, its role in hemisphere division, and its geographical reference point. For IDL, briefly state its degree and function.

Question 9. How is time of a location decided?
Answer: The sun acts as the biggest natural clock for Earth. The time at any specific place is decided by where the sun is located in the sky. To be more accurate, the time for different locations on Earth is determined using longitudes. There are 360 longitudes in total across the globe. The Earth takes 24 hours to complete one full rotation. Therefore, in one hour, 15 longitudes pass directly beneath the sun. This means it takes the Earth just 4 minutes for one longitude to pass the sun. This shows a 4-minute time difference between any two nearby longitudes. This difference in time is used to figure out the specific time of a particular location. Because of this, the time changes at different longitudes, leading to different times in various places on Earth.
In simple words: Earth's time is set by the sun's position. Longitudes help measure this precisely. The Earth rotates, causing 15 longitudes to pass the sun each hour, meaning a 4-minute difference between each longitude. This system determines local time worldwide.

Exam Tip: Remember the key figures: 360 longitudes, 24 hours for one rotation, 15 longitudes per hour, and 4 minutes per longitude. These are fundamental for time calculations.

Question 10. What is local time?
Answer: The longitude that points directly towards the sun helps us determine the local time. When the sun is exactly overhead on this longitude, it is considered 12 pm or 12 noon. Using this specific time as a baseline, the local time of a particular place is then established. Places situated on the same longitude will experience the same local time, but locations on different longitudes within the same country may have varying local times.
In simple words: Local time is when the sun is directly above a longitude. This exact moment is noon, and all places on that longitude share this same time.

Exam Tip: Local time is specific to a longitude, meaning two places on different longitudes will have different local times even if they are in the same country.

Question 11. Write a note on standard time.
Answer: Many longitudes pass through a single country, with each one showing a different local time. However, if every place in the same country uses a different time, it causes issues for national management and administration. To solve this, a country adopts a standard time. Standard time is a fixed time that applies commonly to the whole nation. It is decided based on the local time of one specific longitude that generally passes through the middle of the country. For example, India's standard time is set by the 82.5° E longitude, which is located near Allahabad. This means if it is 8:00 am in Allahabad, it is 8:00 am across all of India. Standard time helps people be prompt in their work and keeps schedules consistent. Very large countries that stretch far from east to west, such as Australia, often have more than one standard time zone to accommodate their vast geographical spread.
In simple words: Standard time is a single, fixed time for an entire country, chosen from a central longitude. This avoids confusion caused by different local times and helps with organization and punctuality.

Exam Tip: Understand that standard time is a practical solution for large countries, as using local time for every longitude would create chaos in scheduling and coordination.

Answer in One or Two Sentence

Question 1. What are latitudes?
Answer: Latitudes are horizontal imaginary lines drawn on the globe of the Earth.
In simple words: Latitudes are flat, imaginary lines on a globe.

Exam Tip: Latitudes are always horizontal and measured North or South from the Equator.

Question 2. What are longitudes?
Answer: Longitudes are the vertical lines drawn on the globe of the Earth.
In simple words: Longitudes are vertical, imaginary lines on a globe.

Exam Tip: Longitudes are always vertical and measured East or West from the Prime Meridian.

Question 3. What is Northern Hemisphere?
Answer: The Northern Hemisphere is the part of the Earth above the 0° latitude, which is the Equator, in the northern direction.
In simple words: The Northern Hemisphere is the top half of Earth, above the Equator.

Exam Tip: Remember the Equator as the dividing line for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Question 4. What is Southern Hemisphere?
Answer: The Southern Hemisphere is the part of the Earth located below the 0° latitude, which is the Equator, in the southern direction.
In simple words: The Southern Hemisphere is the bottom half of Earth, below the Equator.

Exam Tip: Understand that the Equator serves as the reference point for both Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Question 5. What is North Star?
Answer: The North Star is a bright, shining star located in the northern sky that was historically used to determine latitudes.
In simple words: The North Star is a bright star in the north, used to find latitudes.

Exam Tip: The North Star's fixed position makes it a reliable guide for navigation and finding your latitude.

Question 6. What is Greenwich Line?
Answer: The Greenwich Line is the 0° longitude that divides the Earth into two halves, known as the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
In simple words: The Greenwich Line is the main longitude at 0 degrees, splitting Earth into east and west halves.

Exam Tip: The Greenwich Line is also known as the Prime Meridian and is the reference for global time zones.

Question 7. Why is the 0° longitude called Greenwich Line?
Answer: The 0° longitude is called the Greenwich Line because it passes through Greenwich in England.
In simple words: It's called the Greenwich Line because it runs through Greenwich, England.

Exam Tip: Linking the name to its geographical origin is a simple way to remember it.

Question 8. Which continents fall in the Eastern Hemisphere?
Answer: Asia, Europe, New Zealand, and parts of Africa are located in the Eastern Hemisphere.
In simple words: Asia, Europe, New Zealand, and some of Africa are in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Exam Tip: Visualize a world map and mentally divide it at the Prime Meridian to identify continents in each hemisphere.

Question 9. Which continents fall in the Western Hemisphere?
Answer: North America, South America, and parts of Africa are located in the Western Hemisphere.
In simple words: North America, South America, and some of Africa are in the Western Hemisphere.

Exam Tip: Knowing the key continents in each hemisphere helps understand global geographical divisions.

Question 10. When does the date or day change?
Answer: The date or day changes when a person crosses the 180° longitude, which is also known as the International Date Line.
In simple words: The date changes when you cross the International Date Line (180° longitude).

Exam Tip: Crossing the IDL eastward means you subtract a day, while crossing it westward means you add a day.

Question 11. On which longitude is India located?
Answer: India is located between 68.7° E to 97.25° E longitudes.
In simple words: India is found between 68.7° E and 97.25° E longitudes.

Exam Tip: Remembering these specific longitude values helps in understanding India's geographical spread and time zone.

Question 12. How is the standard time of the country decided?
Answer: The standard time for a country is decided by adopting the local time of a single place situated approximately in the middle of that country.
In simple words: A country's standard time is set by the local time of a central location.

Exam Tip: This ensures uniformity in time across the entire nation, simplifying schedules and coordination.

Question 13. Define: Standard time.
Answer: A fixed time that is common for the entire nation is called Standard time.
In simple words: Standard time is one common time for a whole country.

Exam Tip: This definition is concise and important for understanding time zones.

Question 14. What decides the standard time of India?
Answer: The 82.5° E longitude, which is situated near Allahabad, decides the standard time of India.
In simple words: India's standard time is decided by the 82.5° E longitude near Allahabad.

Exam Tip: Remember "82.5° E longitude" and "Allahabad" as key terms for India's standard time.

Question 15. Why is standard time necessary?
Answer: Standard time is necessary for maintaining punctuality in work and for overall convenience in daily activities.
In simple words: Standard time helps people be on time and makes daily life easier.

Exam Tip: Highlight the benefits of standard time: punctuality and convenience.

Question 16. Which nations have more than one standard time?
Answer: Large countries that extend significantly from east to west, such as the U.S.A., Canada, Russia, Australia, and China, often have more than one standard time.
In simple words: Big, wide countries like USA, Canada, Russia, Australia, and China have multiple time zones.

Exam Tip: Countries with vast east-west stretches typically adopt multiple time zones to align with local solar time more accurately.

Question 17. Name a few countries ahead of time in comparison to India.
Answer: Bangladesh, New Zealand, Singapore, Japan, Australia, and China are a few countries that are ahead of India in terms of time.
In simple words: Bangladesh, New Zealand, Singapore, Japan, Australia, and China are ahead of India's time.

Exam Tip: Countries located to the east of India will generally have a time that is ahead of India's time.

Question 18. Name a few countries behind of time in comparison to India.
Answer: Pakistan, U.S.A., Canada, Uganda, France, and Ukraine are a few countries that are behind India in terms of time.
In simple words: Pakistan, USA, Canada, Uganda, France, and Ukraine are behind India's time.

Exam Tip: Countries located to the west of India will generally have a time that is behind India's time.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Latitudes are imaginary ............... lines.
(a) Horizontal
(b) Vertical
(c) Oblongular
(d) Zigzag
Answer: (a) Horizontal
In simple words: Latitudes are the imaginary flat lines around the Earth.

Exam Tip: Visualize horizontal lines like the Equator to remember the nature of latitudes.

Question 2. The part above the 0° latitude is called ............... Hemisphere.
(a) Northern
(b) Southern
(c) Eastern
(d) Western
Answer: (a) Northern
In simple words: The upper half of the Earth, above the Equator, is called the Northern Hemisphere.

Exam Tip: The 0° latitude is the Equator, dividing the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Question 3. Which hemisphere is located below the Equator?
(a) Northern
(b) Southern
(c) Eastern
(d) Western
Answer: (b) Southern
In simple words: The Southern Hemisphere is found below the Equator.

Exam Tip: Remember the Equator as the key reference point for dividing the Earth into its upper (Northern) and lower (Southern) halves.

Question 4. We can know the exact latitude and longitude of a place with the help of ...............
(a) GPS
(b) GPRS
(c) Magnetic compass
(d) All of the options
Answer: (a) GPS
In simple words: GPS (Global Positioning System) helps us find the precise location using latitudes and longitudes.

Exam Tip: GPS is a satellite-based navigation system widely used for accurate location tracking.

Question 5. Greenwich is located in ...............
(a) Ireland
(b) Scotland
(c) Germany
(d) England
Answer: (d) England
In simple words: The town of Greenwich, which the Prime Meridian passes through, is in England.

Exam Tip: Remember that the Prime Meridian is named after Greenwich, a town in England, establishing its international significance.

Question 6. ............... divides the earth into east and west.
(a) Equator
(b) Tropic of Capricorn
(c) Greenwich Line
(d) International Date Line
Answer: (c) Greenwich Line
In simple words: The Greenwich Line separates the Earth into its eastern and western halves.

Exam Tip: The Greenwich Line (Prime Meridian) is the primary longitude that serves as the boundary between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

Question 7. There are total ............... longitudes.
(a) 180
(b) 180
(c) 260
(d) 360
Answer: (d) 360
In simple words: There are 360 longitudes in total that circle the Earth.

Exam Tip: The Earth's full rotation corresponds to 360 degrees, hence 360 longitudes.

Question 8. Which longitude is known as International Date Line?
(a) 90°
(b) 120°
(c) 0°
(d)180°
Answer: (d)180°
In simple words: The 180° longitude is called the International Date Line.

Exam Tip: The International Date Line is crucial for understanding global time and date changes.

Question 9. IDL passes through the ............... Ocean.
(a) Antarctic
(b) Arctic
(c) Pacific
(d) Atlantic
Answer: (c) Pacific
In simple words: The International Date Line mostly goes through the Pacific Ocean.

Exam Tip: Remember that the IDL primarily traverses water bodies to minimize disruption to land-based timekeeping.

Question 10. What is the shape of IDL?
(a) Straight
(b) Zigzag
(c) Criss-cross
(d) Oblique
Answer: (b) Zigzag
In simple words: The International Date Line has a zigzag shape.

Exam Tip: The zigzag path of the IDL avoids dividing countries or island groups into different days.

Question 11. The biggest clock of the earth is the ...............
(a) Sun
(c) Stars
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) Sun
In simple words: The sun acts as Earth's largest natural clock.

Exam Tip: The sun's apparent movement in the sky is the fundamental basis for defining time.

Question 12. The earth takes ............... to complete one rotation.
(a) 24 hours
(b) 365 days
(c) A fortnight
(d) A leap year
Answer: (a) 24 hours
In simple words: Earth needs 24 hours to spin around completely once.

Exam Tip: This rotation causes day and night and is the basis of our 24-hour day.

Question 13. How many longitudes pass through the sun in one hour?
(a) 12
(b) 15
(c) 4
(d) 8
Answer: (b) 15
In simple words: The Earth rotates so that 15 longitudes pass under the sun every hour.

Exam Tip: Understanding this calculation (360°/24 hours = 15°/hour) is essential for time zone concepts.

Question 14. There is a difference of ............... minutes between two adjacent longitudes.
(a) 4
(b) 8
(c) 15
(d) 20
Answer: (a) 4
In simple words: There is a 4-minute time difference between each longitude line.

Exam Tip: Remember this 4-minute rule as it's key to calculating local time differences across longitudes.

Question 15. When the sun is exactly on a longitude, it is ............... in that place.
(a) 12 am
(b) 12 pm
(c) 8 am
(d) 8 pm
Answer: (b) 12 pm
In simple words: When the sun is directly overhead a longitude, it's noon (12 pm) there.

Exam Tip: 12 pm (noon) signifies the moment the sun reaches its highest point for a specific longitude.

Question 16. Standard time of the country is decided by following the local time of the place located in the ............... of the country.
(a) Extreme north
(b) Extreme south
(c) Middle
(d) Any of these
Answer: (c) Middle
In simple words: A country's standard time is set using the local time of a place near its center.

Exam Tip: Choosing a central location helps ensure the standard time is a fair average for the entire nation.

Question 17. The standard time of India is decided from the ............... longitude.
(a) 68° W
(b) 82.5° E
(c) 98° W
(d) 102.5° E
Answer: (b) 82.5° E
In simple words: India's standard time is determined by the 82.5° E longitude.

Exam Tip: The 82.5° E longitude is also known as the Indian Standard Meridian.

Question 18. The longitude that decides the standard time of India passes from near ...............
(a) Varanasi
(b) Haridwar
(c) Dehradun
(d) Allahabad
Answer: (d) Allahabad
In simple words: The longitude used for India's standard time passes close to Allahabad.

Exam Tip: Remember Allahabad as the key city associated with the Indian Standard Time meridian.

Question 19. The places on the east of the ............... are denoted by E.
(a) Equator
(b) IDL
(c) Arctic Circle
(d) Greenwich Line
Answer: (d) Greenwich Line
In simple words: Locations to the east of the Greenwich Line are marked with 'E'.

Exam Tip: The Greenwich Line acts as the reference point for Eastern and Western longitudes.

Question 20. What is the distance between two latitudes?
(a) 121 km
(b) 242 km
(c) 111 km
(d) 282 km
Answer: (c) 111 km
In simple words: There is a distance of 111 km between each degree of latitude.

Exam Tip: This distance is roughly constant because latitudes are parallel circles around the Earth.

Question 21. Which longitude is known as IDL?
(a) 82.5°
(b) 90°
(c) 180°
(d) 360°
Answer: (c) 180°
In simple words: The 180° longitude is also known as the International Date Line.

Exam Tip: The IDL is the counter-longitude to the Prime Meridian and is where the calendar day changes.

Question 22. The latitudes are drawn from ............... to................
(a) East, West
(b) North, South
(c) East, South
(d) North, West
Answer: (a) East, West
In simple words: Latitudes are drawn in an east-west direction around the globe.

Exam Tip: Visualize latitudes as rings circling the Earth parallel to the Equator.

Question 23. Longitudes are drawn from ............... to ...............
(a) East, West
(b) North, South
(c) West, South
(d) South, East
Answer: (b) North, South
In simple words: Longitudes are drawn running from the North Pole to the South Pole.

Exam Tip: Remember longitudes as vertical lines that converge at the Earth's poles.

Question 24. Which of these countries is not located in the south of the Equator?
(a) Chile
(b) Brazil
(c) Egypt
(d) Both A and B
Answer: (c) Egypt
In simple words: Egypt is not located south of the Equator, unlike Chile and parts of Brazil.

Exam Tip: Knowing the general location of countries relative to the Equator helps answer such questions quickly.

Question 25. The Equator passes from ...............
(a) Indonesia
(b) Uganda
(c) Columbia
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: The Equator goes through countries like Indonesia, Uganda, and Colombia.

Exam Tip: Memorize a few key countries that lie on the Equator to easily identify them.

Question 26. The ............... passes through India.
(a) Equator
(b) Tropic of Cancer
(c) Tropic of Capricorn
(d) Antarctic circle
Answer: (b) Tropic of Cancer
In simple words: The Tropic of Cancer goes through India.

Exam Tip: The Tropic of Cancer is a significant latitude that runs through the northern part of India.

Question 27. Through which nation of South America does the Tropic of Cancer pass?
(a) Mexico
(b) Alaska
(c) Greenland
(d) Ecuador
Answer: (a) Mexico
In simple words: The Tropic of Cancer passes through Mexico, which is a country in North America.

Exam Tip: Be careful to distinguish between continents; the Tropic of Cancer primarily passes through North America, Africa, and Asia, not South America.

Question 28. Through which continent does the Tropic of Capricorn pass?
(a) Asia
(b) North America
(c) Europe
(d) Australia
Answer: (d) Australia
In simple words: The Tropic of Capricorn goes through the continent of Australia.

Exam Tip: The Tropic of Capricorn primarily passes through South America, Africa, and Australia.

Question 29. The Greenwich Line passes through ...............
(a) Japan
(b) Canada
(c) Singapore
(d) Spain
Answer: (d) Spain
In simple words: The Greenwich Line crosses through Spain.

Exam Tip: Knowing key countries on the Prime Meridian, like the UK, France, and Spain, helps in geographical understanding.

Question 30. New Zealand is in the ............... Hemisphere.
(a) Western
(b) Eastern
(c) Southern
(d) Both B and C
Answer: (d) Both B and C
In simple words: New Zealand is located in both the Eastern and Southern Hemispheres.

Exam Tip: Many countries can be located in combinations of hemispheres, depending on their geographical coordinates.

Fill in the blanks

Question 1. There is a luminating star in the north direction which is called ___________.
Answer: North star
In simple words: A bright star that consistently shines in the northern part of the sky is commonly called the North Star.

Exam Tip: Remember that the North Star (Polaris) has been historically used for navigation because it remains relatively fixed in the sky, making it a reliable guide.

Question 2. __________ helps us in knowing the exact latitude and longitude of a place.
Answer: Satellite
In simple words: Modern technology uses satellites to pinpoint the precise location, or the exact latitude and longitude, of any spot on Earth.

Exam Tip: Global Positioning Systems (GPS) rely on a network of satellites to provide accurate location and time information worldwide.

Question 3. The full form of IDL is ___________.
Answer: International Date Line
In simple words: IDL stands for the International Date Line, which is an imaginary line on Earth that separates two calendar days.

Exam Tip: Knowing full forms of geographical abbreviations like IDL is crucial for understanding global time and date concepts.

Question 4. The full form of GPS is ___________.
Answer: Global Positioning System
In simple words: GPS is a system that uses satellites to show you exactly where you are on the Earth, giving precise location details.

Exam Tip: Understand the practical applications of GPS in daily life, such as navigation, mapping, and tracking.

Question 5. The IDL is drawn from ___________.
Answer: Water bodies
In simple words: The International Date Line is mostly drawn over oceans and seas, intentionally avoiding land areas.

Exam Tip: The IDL is intentionally drawn through water bodies to prevent a single landmass from having two different dates simultaneously, which would cause significant confusion.

Question 6. In olden times, the time of the place was decided with the help of the location of the ___________.
Answer: Sun
In simple words: In the past, people used the position of the sun in the sky to tell what time it was, observing its movement throughout the day.

Exam Tip: Early civilizations used observations of the sun's highest point (solar noon) and simple devices like sundials to determine local time.

Question 7. Today, the time of the places on the earth is decided through ___________.
Answer: Longitudes
In simple words: Nowadays, longitudes are used to accurately calculate and set the time in different places around the world, creating time zones.

Exam Tip: Longitudes are vertical lines on a globe that help divide the Earth into different time zones, with each 15-degree segment representing one hour.

Question 8. When its 3 p.m. in ___________ city, it is 3 p.m. everywhere in India.
Answer: Allahabad
In simple words: India's standard time is set based on the local time at Allahabad. So, if it's 3 p.m. there, it's 3 p.m. across the whole country.

Exam Tip: India's standard meridian of 82.5° E, which passes near Allahabad (now Prayagraj), is crucial for setting the country's uniform standard time.

Question 9. The countries situated on the north of the Equator are denoted by ___________.
Answer: N
In simple words: Places located above the Equator, in the northern part of the globe, are commonly marked with the letter 'N' to show their position.

Exam Tip: Latitudes are always accompanied by 'N' for North or 'S' for South to clearly indicate their respective hemisphere.

Question 10. 180° longitude is called ___________.
Answer: International Date Line
In simple words: The 180-degree line of longitude is also recognized as the International Date Line, where the date changes.

Exam Tip: The 180° longitude is special because it is where a new calendar day officially begins or ends.

Question 11. When the IDL is crossed, the ___________ change.
Answer: Date and day
In simple words: Crossing the International Date Line means that the calendar date and the day of the week will either advance or go back, depending on the direction of travel.

Exam Tip: Remember that moving east across the IDL means subtracting a day, while moving west means adding a day.

Question 12. When time of a place is decided on the basis of its mid-noon, it is called ___________ time.
Answer: Local
In simple words: The time for a specific place that is determined by when the sun is directly overhead (mid-noon) is called local time.

Exam Tip: Local time varies from place to place, especially for locations at different longitudes, as the sun reaches its highest point at different times.

Question 13. ___________ longitudes will pass through sun in three hours.
Answer: 45
In simple words: Since the Earth rotates 15 degrees of longitude in one hour, 45 longitudes will pass under the sun in three hours.

Exam Tip: The Earth rotates 1° of longitude every 4 minutes, or 15° every hour. Use this conversion factor for such calculations.

Question 14. India is located between ___________ and ___________ longitudes.
Answer: 68.7°E, 97.25° E
In simple words: India stretches across a wide range, from 68.7 degrees East longitude to 97.25 degrees East longitude.

Exam Tip: Knowing the longitudinal and latitudinal extent of a country is important for understanding its time zone and climatic variations.

Question 15. Sun rises early in the countries in ___________ Hemisphere.
Answer: Eastern
In simple words: Countries located in the Eastern Hemisphere experience sunrise earlier than those in the Western Hemisphere because the Earth spins from west to east.

Exam Tip: The Earth's rotation from west to east causes places to the east to see the sun rise first, giving them an earlier sunrise.

Question 1. The vertical imaginary lines drawn on the globe of the earth are known as latitudes.
Answer: False
In simple words: Vertical imaginary lines on the globe are actually called longitudes, while horizontal lines are known as latitudes.

Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between latitudes (horizontal, parallel to the Equator) and longitudes (vertical, converging at the poles).

Question 2. The IDL is used to decide time.
Answer: False
In simple words: The IDL helps to determine the date and day change, not the specific time of day. Time zones are actually determined by longitudes.

Exam Tip: Remember that the Greenwich Meridian (0° longitude) is the primary reference for universal time (UTC), while the IDL (180° longitude) marks the change of date.

Question 3. Nepal follows same time as India.
Answer: True
In simple words: Nepal generally follows a time zone that is closely related to India's standard time, with a small offset for its local circumstances.

Exam Tip: Some neighboring countries, despite having slightly different longitudes, may adopt a similar standard time for convenience and ease of cross-border activities.

Question 4. Sri Lanka follows same time as India.
Answer: True
In simple words: Sri Lanka also uses a standard time that is the same as India's Standard Time for practical reasons.

Exam Tip: Regional cooperation and geographical proximity often lead countries to share common time zones for consistency.

Question 5. The places located on the same longitude may have different time.
Answer: False
In simple words: All places that are located on the same line of longitude have the same local time because they experience noon at the same moment.

Exam Tip: Local time is fundamentally determined by longitude. If two places share the same longitude, their solar time is identical.

Question 6. There are 180 longitudes in total.
Answer: False
In simple words: There are actually 360 longitudes in total around the Earth, including 180 to the east and 180 to the west of the Prime Meridian.

Exam Tip: Remember that longitudes are measured 180° east and 180° west from the Prime Meridian, making a complete circle of 360°.

Question 7. Huge countries may have more than one standard time.
Answer: True
In simple words: Very large countries that stretch across many longitudes often have multiple time zones to make sure that local time aligns better with the sun's position.

Exam Tip: Countries like Russia, Canada, and the USA are prime examples of nations that span vast longitudinal distances and therefore utilize several time zones.

Question 8. The IDL is zigzag.
Answer: True
In simple words: The International Date Line is not straight; it zigs and zags intentionally to avoid cutting through land areas and islands, which would create confusion.

Exam Tip: The zigzag path of the IDL ensures that countries and island groups remain in a single time zone, simplifying daily life and administration.

Question 9. The local time and standard time are two different concepts.
Answer: True
In simple words: Local time is based on the sun's position at a specific longitude, while standard time is a fixed, uniform time adopted across a wider region for convenience.

Exam Tip: Understand that standard time is a practical solution to avoid the confusion that would arise if every location used its own precise local time.

Question 10. The IDL passes through Siberia.
Answer: False
In simple words: The International Date Line is designed to mostly pass through water bodies and avoids land masses like Siberia to prevent date confusion within a single country.

Exam Tip: The IDL is deliberately offset from the 180° longitude in several places to avoid dividing countries, such as Russia (near Siberia) and various Pacific island nations.