GSEB Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question 1. Match structures are given in Column I with functions given in Column II.

Answer:

Exam Tip: Remember the key function of each plant structure: stomata for gas exchange and water release, xylem for water movement, phloem for food transport, and root hairs for water uptake.

Question 2. Fill in the blanks
Answer:
1. The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the arteries.
2. Haemoglobin is present in red blood cells.
3. Arteries and veins are joined by a network of capillaries.
4. The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart are called heartbeat.
5. The main excretory product in human beings is urea.
6. Sweat contains water and salts.
7. Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called urine.
8. The water reaches great heights in the trees because of the suction pull caused by transpiration.
In simple words: Fill in the missing words for each statement to complete the sentence correctly.

Exam Tip: Understand the basic functions of the circulatory, excretory, and plant transport systems to correctly fill in these blanks.

Question 3. Choose the correct option:
(a) In plants, water is transported through
(i) xylem
(ii) phloem
(iii) stomata
(iv) root hair
(b) Water absorption by roots can be increased by keeping the plants
(i) in the shade
(ii) in dim light
(iii) under the fan
(iv) covered with a polythene bag
Answer: (a) (i) Xylem
(b) (iii) under the fan
In simple words: Choose the best answer for each part of the question. Xylem transports water in plants, and a fan increases water absorption by speeding up transpiration.

Exam Tip: For MCQs, carefully read all options before selecting the best fit. Consider how environmental factors affect plant processes like transpiration and absorption.

Question 4. Why is the transport of materials necessary in a plant or an animal? Explain.
Answer: Material transportation is essential for plants and animals because it makes nutrients and oxygen available to all body parts. If necessary nutrients and oxygen do not get transported in the body, the body will not be able to survive. Therefore, it is crucial for life.
In simple words: Materials must move around in plants and animals. This delivers food and oxygen everywhere, which is needed for them to live. Without it, they cannot survive.

Exam Tip: When explaining necessity, clearly state the vital materials transported (nutrients, oxygen) and the consequence of their absence (inability to survive).

Question 5. What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Answer: Blood platelets are responsible for the blood clotting process. When an injury occurs, blood starts to flow. Normally, it clots on its own. If there are no platelets, the blood would not be able to clot and would keep flowing. A large amount of blood loss eventually leads to death.
In simple words: Platelets help blood to clot. Without them, even a small cut could make you bleed a lot because the blood wouldn't stop flowing, which could be deadly.

Exam Tip: Focus your answer on the primary role of platelets (blood clotting) and the direct, life-threatening consequence of their absence.

Question 6. What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.
Answer: There are tiny openings on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are known as stomata. Guard cells surround these openings.
Functions of stomata:
• It helps in the transpiration of water, meaning the loss of extra water from the plant.
• Water loss from the stomata creates an upward pull, which is a suction pull that helps in water absorption from the roots.
• They help in the exchange of gases.
In simple words: Stomata are small holes on leaves, guarded by special cells. They let plants get rid of extra water (transpiration) and exchange gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Exam Tip: When defining stomata, mention their location (lower surface of leaves) and the surrounding guard cells. For functions, list two distinct roles like gas exchange and transpiration.

Question 7. Does transpiration serve any useful function in plants? Explain.
Answer: Yes, transpiration performs several useful roles in plants:
• It helps to increase the absorption of water and dissolved minerals by creating a suction pull.
• It helps in removing the excess water from the plant.
• It aids in transporting water and minerals to leaves, where leaves utilize the water for photosynthesis.
• It provides a cooling effect to the plant.
In simple words: Yes, transpiration is very useful. It pulls water and minerals up from the roots, gets rid of extra water, helps deliver water for making food, and keeps the plant cool.

Exam Tip: Detail multiple benefits of transpiration, such as nutrient transport, cooling, and water regulation, to provide a comprehensive answer.

Question 8. What are the components of blood?
Answer: Blood has four main parts:
• Plasma is a liquid part of the blood that looks yellowish and contains 90% water. It holds food, enzymes, waste products, and proteins.
• Red blood cells are disc-shaped cells that have a red-colored pigment called haemoglobin. Haemoglobin helps in transporting oxygen.
• White blood cells are the body's fighting cells that protect us against bacteria and foreign materials, preventing infections.
• Platelets help in the clotting of the blood.
In simple words: Blood is made of four main parts: plasma (the liquid), red blood cells (which carry oxygen), white blood cells (which fight germs), and platelets (which help stop bleeding).

Exam Tip: Clearly list all four components of blood and briefly describe the primary function of each for a complete answer.

Question 9. Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?
Answer: Blood is required by all body parts because it contains digested food and oxygen. It provides the oxygen and digested food to different parts of the body to supply necessary energy, which helps the body perform various functions.
In simple words: Every part of the body needs blood. Blood carries food and oxygen to all cells, giving them the energy they need to work properly.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the two critical substances blood carries (digested food and oxygen) and their ultimate purpose (providing energy for functions) in your explanation.

Question 10. What makes the blood look red?
Answer: A red pigment known as haemoglobin gives blood its red color. This pigment helps in transporting oxygen to different parts of the body through the blood.
In simple words: Blood is red because of a red substance called haemoglobin. This substance also helps carry oxygen around your body.

Exam Tip: State the specific pigment (haemoglobin) and its dual role (coloration and oxygen transport) for a concise answer.

Question 11. Describe the function of the heart.
Answer: The heart functions as a pump for the circulatory system. The right auricle and ventricle receive deoxygenated blood from all body parts. This collected blood is then pumped to the lungs for cleansing. In the lungs, gas exchange takes place, and purified blood is sent back to the left auricle. It pumps this blood to the left ventricle, which then pumps the purified blood to all body parts through the arteries.
In simple words: The heart pumps blood. It gets used blood from the body, sends it to the lungs to pick up oxygen, then takes the fresh blood and pumps it back out to the rest of the body.

Exam Tip: When describing heart function, trace the path of blood, mentioning which chambers receive and pump blood, and the role of the lungs in purification.

Question 12. Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Answer: Certain waste and harmful products are created during the functioning of body cells. Waste products like urea are toxic. If these poisonous materials are not removed from the body, they mix with the blood and can harm body cells. Therefore, it is essential to remove such toxic waste materials from our bodies.
In simple words: Our body makes waste products that are harmful, like poisons. If we don't get rid of them, they can hurt our cells and make us sick, so excretion is vital.

Exam Tip: Explain that waste products are toxic and accumulate if not removed, leading to potential harm to body cells and overall health.

Question 13. Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.
Answer:

Exam Tip: Practice drawing and labeling the human excretory system, ensuring all key organs like kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra are correctly placed and identified.

Extended Learning Activities And Projects

Question 1. Find out about blood groups and their importance.
Answer:
Blood Groups: Every person has their own specific blood group, which stays the same throughout their life. Human blood can be divided into four groups: A, B, AB, and O. The letters A and B refer to specific substances found on red blood cells. Blood group AB contains both A and B substances on the red blood cells (RBCs), while blood group O has neither of these substances. Everyone belongs to one of these four groups. Blood groups are inherited and cannot be changed during life.
Importance: If there is significant blood loss from an accident, injury, or illness, a patient may urgently need blood from another person. The person who gives blood is called the donor, and the person who receives blood is called the recipient. This process of one person donating blood to another is known as a blood transfusion. It is crucial to understand that if the donor's blood is not compatible with the patient's blood, the patient's red blood cells will clump together. This can cause the patient's death.

Exam Tip: Understand the four main blood groups and the critical importance of blood compatibility during transfusions to prevent serious reactions.

Question 2. When a person suffers from chest pain, the doctor immediately takes an ECG. Visit a doctor and get information about ECG. You may even lookup an encyclopaedia or the internet.
Answer: The muscle fibers (muscle cells) in a specific part of the heart are specialized to generate electrical currents that cause the regular rhythmic heartbeats. An instrument called the Electrocardiograph can record the electrical changes occurring during a heartbeat. This graphic recording is called ECG (Electrocardiogram). ECG is performed to detect any malfunctioning areas of the heart. This allows for appropriate treatment to be given.
In simple words: When someone has chest pain, doctors do an ECG. This test records the heart's electrical signals, which cause heartbeats. It helps doctors find if there's any problem with the heart so they can give the right treatment.

Exam Tip: When explaining ECG, define it as a graphic record of the heart's electrical activity and state its purpose in diagnosing heart issues.