GSEB Class 7 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 3 कोऽरुक्

1. Pronounce the following words orally :
नीचेना शब्दोनुं मोटेथी उच्चारण करो :
वैद्यर्षिः, शृणोति (शृणोति), हितभुक्, ऋतुभुक्, अनन्तरम्, स्वस्थानम्, कोऽरुक्
Answer: Say these words three times in clear and correct pronunciation under the guidance of your Sanskrit teacher.
In simple words: Practice saying these Sanskrit words out loud three times. Make sure to pronounce them clearly and correctly with your teacher's help.

Exam Tip: Correct pronunciation is vital for Sanskrit. Pay close attention to the sounds and practice regularly to improve fluency and accuracy.

2. Answer the following questions based on the content of the lesson. (In Sanskrit)
पाठना विषयवस्तुना आधारे प्रश्नोना जवाब लखो:

Question 1. पक्षी किं वदति?
Answer: पक्षी वदति, "कोऽरुक्" इति ।
In simple words: The bird says, "Who is healthy?"

Exam Tip: When answering in Sanskrit, ensure your response directly addresses the question and uses appropriate vocabulary from the lesson.

Question 2. पक्षी वने कुत्र उपविशति?
Answer: पक्षी वने वृक्षे उपविशति ।
In simple words: The bird sits on a tree in the forest.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to location words like 'वने' (in the forest) and 'वृक्षे' (on the tree) in Sanskrit questions and answers.

Question 3. वृक्षस्य अधः कः अस्ति?
Answer: वृक्षस्य अधः वैद्यर्षिः वाग्भटः अस्ति ।
In simple words: Under the tree, there is the sage Vaagbhatt.

Exam Tip: Identifying key characters and their locations helps in understanding the story's context. Remember 'अधः' means 'under'.

Question 4. ऋषिः किं वदति?
Answer: ऋषिः वदति, “यः हितभुक्, मितभुक्, ऋतुभुक् अस्ति, सः अरुक् भवति" इति।
In simple words: The sage says, "One who eats beneficial food, in moderation, and according to the season, remains healthy."

Exam Tip: This is a crucial teaching from the story. Remember the three principles: beneficial food (हितभुक्), moderate quantity (मितभुक्), and seasonal eating (ऋतुभुक्).

Question 5. सन्तुष्टः पक्षी कुत्र आगच्छति?
Answer: सन्तुष्टः पक्षी ऋषिसमीपम् आगच्छति।
In simple words: The satisfied bird comes near the sage.

Exam Tip: Note how the bird's state ('सन्तुष्टः' - satisfied) leads to its action of approaching the sage.

3. Find out the actions verbs from the unit. Then write them in blanks. Follow the illustration:
પાઠમાંથી ક્રિયા આધારિત શબ્દો શોધીને નીચેની ખાલી જગ્યાઓમાં લખો:
Example : ઉદાહરણ : મચ્છતિ,
Answer: गच्छति, अस्ति, वदति, भवति, अटति, पृच्छति, कुर्वन्ति, ददाति, उपविशति, शृणोति (शृणोति), करोति, आगच्छति, नमति
In simple words: These are the action words (verbs) found in the lesson: goes, is, speaks, becomes, wanders, asks, do, gives, sits, hears, does, comes, bows.

Exam Tip: Identifying verbs helps in understanding the actions and events in a story. Practice recognizing the root meanings of these Sanskrit verbs.

4. Frame sentences as shown in the example :
ઉદાહરણ મુજબ વાક્યરચના કરો :
Example:
• ભિક્ષુકः .......................... गच्छति। (गृह)
Answer: भिक्षुकः गृहम् गच्छति।
In simple words: The beggar goes home.

Exam Tip: When filling in blanks, ensure the verb agrees with the subject and the object is in the correct case (e.g., accusative for destination).

Question 1. शृगालः .......................... भ्रमति। (वन)
Answer: शृगालः वनम् भ्रमति ।
In simple words: The jackal roams in the forest.

Exam Tip: Remember to use the correct case for the direct object (वनम्) with verbs of motion like 'भ्रमति' (roams).

Question 2. नृपः .......................... गच्छति। (नगर)
Answer: नृपः नगरम् गच्छति।
In simple words: The king goes to the city.

Exam Tip: For verbs of movement like 'गच्छति' (goes), the destination (नगरम्) is usually in the accusative case.

Question 3. साधुः .......................... विहरति। (तीर्थ)
Answer: साधुः तीर्थम् विहरति
In simple words: The sage wanders to the pilgrimage site.

Exam Tip: 'विहरति' means to wander or roam. The object of wandering (तीर्थम्) is in the accusative case.

Question 4. पक्षी .......................... अटति। (द्वार)
Answer: पक्षी द्वारम् अटति।
In simple words: The bird wanders to the door.

Exam Tip: 'अटति' also implies wandering. The place it wanders to (द्वारम्) takes the accusative case.

5. Frame sentences as shown in the example:
ઉદાહરણ મુજબ વાક્યરચના કરો :
Example:
• पक्षी .......................... गच्छति .......................... उपविशति च। (वन, वृक्ष)
Answer: पक्षी वनं गच्छति वृक्षे उपविशति च।
In simple words: The bird goes to the forest and sits on a tree.

Exam Tip: When combining two actions, ensure proper case usage for each object. 'वनं' (to the forest) for motion and 'वृक्षे' (on the tree) for location.

Question 1. छात्रः .......................... गच्छति .......................... उपविशति च। (शाला, आसन)
Answer: छात्रः शालां गच्छति आसने उपविशति च।
In simple words: The student goes to the school and sits on the seat.

Exam Tip: Remember that 'शालां' (to the school) is accusative for destination, while 'आसने' (on the seat) is locative for position.

Question 2. अधिकारी .......................... गच्छति .......................... उपविशति च। (कार्यालय, आसन्द)
Answer: अधिकारी कार्यालयं गच्छति आसन्दे उपविशति च।
In simple words: The officer goes to the office and sits on the chair.

Exam Tip: Similar to the previous question, use accusative for the destination 'कार्यालयं' and locative for the sitting place 'आसन्दे'.

Question 3. भक्तः .......................... गच्छति .......................... उपविशति च। (मन्दिर, पूजास्थान)
Answer: भक्तः मन्दिरं गच्छति पूजास्थाने उपविशति च ।
In simple words: The devotee goes to the temple and sits in the place of worship.

Exam Tip: Practice forming sentences with different subjects and destinations. 'मन्दिरं' (to the temple) is accusative, and 'पूजास्थाने' (in the place of worship) is locative.

Question 4. सिंहः .......................... गच्छति .......................... उपविशति च। (वन, वृक्षतल)
Answer: सिंहः वनं गच्छति वृक्षतले उपविशति च।
In simple words: The lion goes to the forest and sits under the tree.

Exam Tip: 'वनं' (to the forest) is accusative, while 'वृक्षतले' (under the tree) uses the locative case, implying 'at the base of the tree'.

Activity: प्रवृत्ति

• Enact and present the events of the picture story.
चिरकथाना प्रसंगो अभिनय साथे रजू करो.
• Tell a story based on the pictures of the picture story.
चित्रकथाना चित्रोना आधारे वार्टकथन करो.
• Draw a picture of a bird, a fox or Rishi (sage).
कोई पण एक पक्षीनू चित्र बनावो.

Exam Tip: Activities like these help reinforce understanding of the story through creative expression. Focus on clearly depicting the main characters and events.

Sanskrit Digest Std 7 GSEB कोऽरुक् Important Questions and Answers

1. Answer each of the following questions in one or two sentences in Sanskrit :

Question 1. पक्षी आकाशे कुत्र गच्छति?
Answer: पक्षी आकाशे अत्र तत्र गच्छति।
In simple words: The bird goes here and there in the sky.

Exam Tip: For simple Sanskrit questions, a direct and concise answer using vocabulary from the lesson is best.

Question 2. 'कोऽरुक्' - इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थः?
Answer: 'कोऽरुक्' इति शब्दस्य अर्थः 'क: नीरोगः भवति' इति।
In simple words: The word 'कोऽरुक्' means 'Who is healthy?' or 'Who remains free from disease?'

Exam Tip: Understanding the meaning of key Sanskrit terms is essential. Memorize the exact definition provided in the text.

Question 3. पक्षी कुत्र अटति?
Answer: पक्षी द्वारं द्वारम् अटति।
In simple words: The bird wanders from door to door.

Exam Tip: The repetition 'द्वारं द्वारम्' emphasizes the extensive wandering of the bird, meaning 'door to door'.

Question 4. पक्षी किं पृच्छति?
Answer: पक्षी एकम् एव प्रश्नं पृच्छति – “कोऽरुक्?” इति।
In simple words: The bird asks only one question – "Who is healthy?"

Exam Tip: The phrase 'एकम् एव प्रश्नं' highlights that the bird consistently asks the same single question.

Question 5. कोऽपि किं न ददाति?
Answer: कोऽपि उत्तरं न ददाति ।
In simple words: Nobody gives an answer.

Exam Tip: 'कोऽपि' means 'anyone' or 'nobody' depending on the context. Here, with the negative 'न', it means 'nobody'.

Question 6. वाग्भट्टः कः अस्ति?
Answer: वाग्भट्टः वैद्यर्षिः अस्ति।
In simple words: Vaagbhatt is a medical sage.

Exam Tip: Remember Vaagbhatt's identity as a 'वैद्यर्षिः' (sage of medicine), which is crucial to the story.

Question 7. वाग्भट्टः किं शृणोति ?
Answer: पक्षी पुनः वदति – “कोऽरुक्? कोऽरुक्?" इति। वाग्भट्टः तत् शृणोति।
In simple words: The bird repeatedly says – "Who is healthy? Who is healthy?" Vaagbhatt listens to that.

Exam Tip: Note the repetition of the question, emphasizing the bird's persistent search for the answer, which Vaagbhatt then hears.

Question 8. कः ऋषि वाग्भट्ट नमति?
Answer: पक्षी ऋषि वाग्भट्ट नमति।
In simple words: The bird bows to the sage Vaagbhatt.

Exam Tip: This act of bowing signifies respect and acknowledgment of Vaagbhatt's wisdom.

2. Translate the following sentences in Sanskrit :

Question 1. There is a bird.
Answer: एकः पक्षी अस्ति।
In simple words: To say "There is a bird," you use 'एकः पक्षी' for 'a bird' and 'अस्ति' for 'is'.

Exam Tip: Basic Sanskrit sentence structure often places the subject first, followed by the verb.

Question 2. The bird wanders door to door.
Answer: पक्षी द्वारं द्वारम् अटति।
In simple words: 'पक्षी' means 'bird', 'द्वारं द्वारम्' means 'door to door', and 'अटति' means 'wanders'.

Exam Tip: The repetition of a noun in Sanskrit can indicate 'from...to...' or 'every...', as seen with 'द्वारं द्वारम्'.

Question 3. People ridicule it.
Answer: जनाः उपहासं कुर्वन्ति।
In simple words: 'जनाः' means 'people', 'उपहासं' means 'ridicule', and 'कुर्वन्ति' means 'they do'.

Exam Tip: Make sure the verb ('कुर्वन्ति') matches the plural subject ('जनाः').

Question 4. The bird becomes disappointed.
Answer: पक्षी निराशः भवति।
In simple words: 'पक्षी' is 'bird', 'निराशः' is 'disappointed', and 'भवति' is 'becomes'.

Exam Tip: The verb 'भवति' (to become) is commonly used to describe a change in state or condition.

Question 5. The bird again speaks, “Who is healthy ?” “Who is healthy ?"
Answer: पक्षी पुनः वदति, कोऽरुक् (कः अरुक्)? कोऽरुक् (कः अरुक्)?
In simple words: 'पक्षी' means 'bird', 'पुनः' means 'again', 'वदति' means 'speaks', and 'कोऽरुक्' means 'who is healthy?'.

Exam Tip: Note the use of 'पुनः' to indicate repetition of an action or speech.

Question 6. The person who takes meal according to the season.
Answer: यः ऋतु अनुसारं भोजनं करोति।
In simple words: 'यः' means 'who', 'ऋतु अनुसारं' means 'according to the season', 'भोजनं' means 'meal', and 'करोति' means 'does' or 'takes'.

Exam Tip: This sentence is key to understanding the sage's advice about living a healthy life.

3. Choose the correct option for the answer of each of the given questions :

Question 1. पक्षी कुत्र गच्छति?
(a) गृहम्
(b) आकाशे
(c) वृक्षम्
(d) ऋषिम्
Answer: (b) आकाशे
In simple words: The bird goes in the sky.

Exam Tip: Read the question carefully to identify the specific location or direction being asked for.

Question 2. सः पक्षी पुनः पुनः किं वदति?
(a) कोऽरुक्
(b) कः रुग्णः
(c) कः वैद्यर्षिः
(d) कः हितभुक्
Answer: (a) कोऽरुक्
In simple words: The bird repeatedly says "Who is healthy?"

Exam Tip: The phrase 'पुनः पुनः' means 'again and again', emphasizing the bird's recurring question.

Question 3. पक्षी द्वारं द्वारम् किं पृच्छति?
(a) सः धान्यकणान् खादति।
(b) कः हितभुक् अस्ति?
(c) सः एकम् प्रश्नं पृच्छति।
(d) कः वनं गच्छति?
Answer: (c) सः एकम् प्रश्नं पृच्छति।
In simple words: The bird asks only one question as it goes from door to door.

Exam Tip: The options describe different actions, but the story clearly states the bird's persistent questioning.

Question 4. What is the meaning of 'हितभुक्' ?
(a) One who takes balanced meal
(b) One who takes excess meal
(c) One who takes beneficial meal
(d) One who takes meal according to the season
Answer: (c) One who takes beneficial meal
In simple words: The term 'हितभुक्' means someone who consumes food that is good for their health.

Exam Tip: Knowing the precise meaning of Sanskrit terms from the glossary is critical for answering vocabulary-based questions correctly.

Question 5. Find the word like 'वैद्यर्षिः' from the words given below and write.
(a) देवाङ्गी
(b) देवषी
(c) पितृश्री
(d) देवर्षिः
Answer: (d) देवर्षिः
In simple words: The word 'वैद्यर्षिः' means a medical sage, and 'देवर्षिः' is a similar word referring to a divine sage.

Exam Tip: Look for words with similar prefixes or suffixes that indicate a related meaning or category.

Question 6. Which Rishi is there under a tree?
(a) Charak
(b) Vedvyas
(c) Vagbhatt
(d) Atri
Answer: (c) Vagbhatt
In simple words: The Rishi who sits under the tree in the story is named Vagbhatt.

Exam Tip: Specific details about characters and their settings should be remembered to answer direct recall questions accurately.

Question 7. Write Sanskrit word for the word 'Sky'.
(a) अम्भः
(b) गगनः
(c) मेघः
(d) वसुधा
Answer: (b) गगनः
In simple words: The Sanskrit word for 'sky' is 'गगनः'.

Exam Tip: Vocabulary questions require direct recall of Sanskrit equivalents for English words. Practicing common word translations is helpful.

Question 8. What is the meaning of a word 'अरुक्' ?
(a) Joking
(b) Beneficial
(c) Healthy
(d) Proper meal
Answer: (c) Healthy
In simple words: The word 'अरुक्' means healthy, or without disease.

Exam Tip: Connect the meaning of 'अरुक्' directly to 'नीरोगः' (free from disease) as explained in the lesson.

Question 9. जनाः उपहासम्
(a) करोति
(b) कुर्वन्ति
(c) करोषि
(d) कुरुतः
Answer: (b) कुर्वन्ति
In simple words: 'जनाः' is plural, so the verb 'कुर्वन्ति' (they do) is the correct form for 'जनाः उपहासम्' (people ridicule).

Exam Tip: Always ensure the verb's ending agrees with the subject's number (singular or plural) and person (first, second, or third).

Question 10. पक्षी .......................... प्रश्नं पृच्छति।
(a) एकम्
(b) द्वे
(c) त्रयः
(d) चत्वारः
Answer: (a) एकम्
In simple words: The bird asks only one question. 'एकम्' means 'one'.

Exam Tip: This fill-in-the-blank question tests your recall of details from the story. The bird asks a single question.

Question 11. पक्षी वनं गच्छति वृक्षे ..........................
(a) वदति
(b) भवति
(c) उपविशति
(d) आगच्छति
Answer: (c) उपविशति
In simple words: The bird goes to the forest and sits on a tree. 'उपविशति' means 'sits'.

Exam Tip: The action typically associated with being on a tree after going to a forest is 'sitting'. Choose the verb that fits the context.

Question 12. वैद्यर्षिः वाग्भट्टः वदति, .......................... मितभुक् ऋतुभुक्" इति।
(a) मिताहारः
(b) हितभुक्
(c) मितभुक्
(d) अल्पभुक्
Answer: (b) हितभुक्
In simple words: Vaagbhatt says, "One who consumes beneficial food, in moderation, and according to the season." 'हितभुक्' means 'one who takes beneficial meal'.

Exam Tip: This question tests your memory of the sage's complete teaching, which includes three key aspects of healthy eating.

4. Put a✓ against the true statement and X a against the false statement :

Question 1. पक्षी आकाशे अत्र तत्र गच्छति । [ ]
Answer: पक्षी आकाशे अत्र तत्र गच्छति । [ ✔ ]
In simple words: This statement is true; the bird moves here and there in the sky.

Exam Tip: Carefully recall the bird's initial actions described in the story to determine the truthfulness of the statement.

Question 2. पक्षी निराशः भवति। [ ]
Answer: पक्षी निराशः भवति। [ ✔ ]
In simple words: This statement is true; the bird becomes disappointed when no one answers its question.

Exam Tip: Understand the sequence of events and the bird's emotional state as the story progresses.

Question 3. वृक्षस्य अधः ऋषिः महर्षिः अस्ति। [ ]
Answer: वृक्षस्य अधः ऋषिः महर्षिः अस्ति। [ X ]
In simple words: This statement is false; it was Sage Vaagbhatt (वैद्यर्षिः), not a 'महर्षिः' (great sage), under the tree.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific titles and names mentioned in the story to avoid confusion.

Question 4. यः हितकारी भोजनं न करोति । [ X ]
Answer: यः हितकारी भोजनं न करोति । [ X ]
In simple words: This statement is false; the sage advises eating beneficial food, so not doing so would lead to illness, not health.

Exam Tip: Understand the sage's core teaching about 'हितभुक्' (beneficial food) to correctly assess statements related to it.

Question 5. यः ऋतु अनुसारं भोजनं करोति सः एव नीरोगः भवति इति। [ ]
Answer: यः ऋतु अनुसारं भोजनं करोति सः एव नीरोगः भवति इति। [ √]
In simple words: This statement is true; the sage teaches that one who eats according to the season remains healthy.

Exam Tip: This directly reflects another key aspect of Vaagbhatt's advice on seasonal eating for good health.

Question 6. The satisfied bird comes to the Rishi. [ ]
Answer: The satisfied bird comes to the Rishi. [√]
In simple words: This statement is true; after hearing the sage's answer, the bird is satisfied and approaches him.

Exam Tip: Focus on the bird's state ('satisfied') and its action ('comes to the Rishi') as a direct outcome of understanding the sage's wisdom.

Question 7. Then, a bird goes to its own place. [ ✔ ]
Answer: Then, a bird goes to its own place. [ ✔ ]
In simple words: This statement is true; after getting the answer and bowing, the bird returns to its own abode.

Exam Tip: The story concludes with the bird's return, indicating the resolution of its quest for knowledge.

5. Find out the true meaning of the given Sanskrit words from the given options and write :

Question 1. कोऽरुक् - Who is coming ?/Who is healthy ?
Answer: Who is healthy?
In simple words: The correct meaning of 'कोऽरुक्' is "Who is healthy?"

Exam Tip: Always choose the meaning that fits the context of the story, especially for words with multiple possible interpretations.

Question 2. वैद्यर्षिः - The doctor/About the doctor
Answer: The doctor
In simple words: 'वैद्यर्षिः' directly means "the doctor" or "medical sage."

Exam Tip: Understand that this term refers to a specific person's role or profession.

Question 3. शृणोति - Listen at/Listen to
Answer: Listen to
In simple words: 'शृणोति' means "listens to" or "hears."

Exam Tip: Verbs of hearing often use 'to' in English. This is a common translation nuance.

Question 4. हितभुक् - Balanced (Beneficial) meal eater/Measured meal eater
Answer: Balanced (Beneficial) meal eater
In simple words: 'हितभुक्' describes someone who consumes meals that are good for their well-being.

Exam Tip: Focus on the 'हित' (beneficial) part of the word to grasp its primary meaning.

Question 5. ऋतुभुक् - Eater according to a season/According to the seasons
Answer: Eater according to a season
In simple words: 'ऋतुभुक्' refers to a person who eats food appropriate for the current season.

Exam Tip: The suffix 'भुक्' indicates 'eater', and 'ऋतु' refers to 'season'.

Question 6. अनन्तरम् - Ahead/Then
Answer: Then
In simple words: 'अनन्तरम्' means "after that" or "then," indicating a sequence of events.

Exam Tip: This word is a temporal adverb, showing the order in which things happen.

Question 7. स्वस्थानम् - In the institution/At own place
Answer: At own place
In simple words: 'स्वस्थानम्' means one's own place or abode.

Exam Tip: The prefix 'स्व' means 'own', and 'स्थानम्' means 'place'.

Question 8. उपहासम् - Laughter/Ridicule
Answer: Ridicule
In simple words: 'उपहासम्' means mockery or scoffing, referring to making fun of someone.

Exam Tip: This word describes the negative reaction of people to the bird's repeated question.

Question 9. अधः - Down/Up
Answer: Down
In simple words: 'अधः' specifically means 'below' or 'down'.

Exam Tip: 'अधः' is a positional adverb. Remember its opposite, 'उपरि' (above).

Question 10. मितम् - According to the season/Proper quantity
Answer: Proper quantity
In simple words: 'मितम्' means limited or in a measured amount.

Exam Tip: This term relates to 'मितभुक्' (eating in moderation), a key component of the sage's health advice.

6. Write the similar words of the following Sanskrit words:

Question 1. पक्षी = खगः, विहगः
Answer: पक्षी = खगः, विहगः
In simple words: Other words for 'पक्षी' (bird) are 'खगः' and 'विहगः'.

Exam Tip: Knowing synonyms helps enrich your vocabulary and improves your ability to rephrase sentences in Sanskrit.

Question 2. आकाशे = गगने, नभे
Answer: आकाशे = गगने, नभे
In simple words: Other words for 'आकाशे' (in the sky) are 'गगने' and 'नभे'.

Exam Tip: Remember that 'आकाशे', 'गगने', and 'नभे' are all in the locative case, meaning "in the sky."

Question 3. पुनः पुनः = वारंवारम्
Answer: पुनः पुनः = वारंवारम्
In simple words: 'पुनः पुनः' (again and again) has the synonym 'वारंवारम्'.

Exam Tip: Recognize adverbs of frequency and their various forms in Sanskrit.

Question 4. अरुक् = नीरोगः, स्वास्थ्यम्
Answer: अरुक् = नीरोगः, स्वास्थ्यम्
In simple words: Similar words for 'अरुक्' (healthy, without disease) are 'नीरोगः' and 'स्वास्थ्यम्' (health).

Exam Tip: Note that 'स्वास्थ्यम्' refers to the state of health itself, while 'नीरोगः' describes a healthy person.

Question 5. जनाः = मनुष्याः, मानवाः
Answer: जनाः = मनुष्याः, मानवाः
In simple words: Other words for 'जनाः' (people) are 'मनुष्याः' and 'मानवाः'.

Exam Tip: These are common plural forms for 'human being' or 'people'.

Question 6. वृक्षः = पादपः, द्रुमः
Answer: वृक्षः = पादपः, द्रुमः
In simple words: Other words for 'वृक्षः' (tree) are 'पादपः' and 'द्रुमः'.

Exam Tip: Expand your vocabulary by learning multiple terms for common nouns like 'tree'.

Question 7. अधः = अधस्तात्
Answer: अधः = अधस्तात्
In simple words: 'अधः' (below) is synonymous with 'अधस्तात्'.

Exam Tip: Both these words function as adverbs indicating a position or direction of 'below'.

7. write the opposite words of the given Sanskrit words:

Question 1. पुनः पुनः X एकदा
Answer: पुनः पुनः X एकदा
In simple words: The opposite of 'पुनः पुनः' (again and again) is 'एकदा' (once).

Exam Tip: Antonyms are crucial for understanding word relationships. 'पुनः पुनः' implies repetition, while 'एकदा' implies a single instance.

Question 2. अत्र X तत्र
Answer: अत्र X तत्र
In simple words: The opposite of 'अत्र' (here) is 'तत्र' (there).

Exam Tip: These are common directional adverbs. Learning them in pairs helps with recall.

Question 3. नीरोगः X रुग्णः, सरोगः
Answer: नीरोगः X रुग्णः, सरोगः
In simple words: The opposite of 'नीरोगः' (healthy, disease-free) is 'रुग्णः' (sick) or 'सरोगः' (diseased).

Exam Tip: Understanding the meaning of 'रोग' (disease) helps in identifying both 'नीरोगः' (without disease) and 'सरोगः' (with disease).

Question 4. निराशः X साशः
Answer: निराशः X साशः
In simple words: The opposite of 'निराशः' (disappointed, hopeless) is 'साशः' (hopeful, with hope).

Exam Tip: The prefix 'निः' often implies 'without' or 'lack of', while 'स' implies 'with'.

Question 5. गच्छति X आगच्छति।
Answer: गच्छति X आगच्छति।
In simple words: The opposite of 'गच्छति' (goes) is 'आगच्छति' (comes).

Exam Tip: The prefix 'आ' often denotes movement towards the speaker or a point of reference.

Question 6. अधः X उपरि
Answer: अधः X उपरि
In simple words: The opposite of 'अधः' (below, down) is 'उपरि' (above, up).

Exam Tip: These are fundamental positional adverbs and should be learned as a pair.

Question 7. प्रश्नम् X उत्तरम्
Answer: प्रश्नम् X उत्तरम्
In simple words: The opposite of 'प्रश्नम्' (question) is 'उत्तरम्' (answer).

Exam Tip: These terms are common in academic contexts and are direct opposites.

Question 8. हितम् X अहितम्
Answer: हितम् X अहितम्
In simple words: The opposite of 'हितम्' (beneficial, good) is 'अहितम्' (harmful, bad).

Exam Tip: The prefix 'अ' often negates the meaning of a word, as seen here.

Question 9. मितम् X अमितम्
Answer: मितम् X अमितम्
In simple words: The opposite of 'मितम्' (limited, measured) is 'अमितम्' (unlimited, unmeasured).

Exam Tip: Again, the 'अ' prefix denotes the opposite. This relates to the concept of 'मितभुक्' (eating in moderation).

Question 10. भोजनम् X भोजनत्यागः
Answer: भोजनम् X भोजनत्यागः
In simple words: The opposite of 'भोजनम्' (meal, eating) is 'भोजनत्यागः' (giving up food, fasting).

Exam Tip: 'त्यागः' means 'abandonment' or 'giving up', forming the opposite of consuming food.

Question 11. सन्तुष्टः X असन्तुष्टः
Answer: सन्तुष्टः X असन्तुष्टः
In simple words: The opposite of 'सन्तुष्टः' (satisfied, contented) is 'असन्तुष्टः' (dissatisfied, discontented).

Exam Tip: The prefix 'अ' is a common way to form antonyms in Sanskrit.

Question 12. समीपम् X दूरम्
Answer: समीपम् X दूरम्
In simple words: The opposite of 'समीपम्' (near) is 'दूरम्' (far).

Exam Tip: These are essential directional words. Learn them together to understand spatial relationships.

Question 13. अनन्तरम् X पश्चात्
Answer: अनन्तरम् X पश्चात्
In simple words: The opposite of 'अनन्तरम्' (then, afterwards) is 'पश्चात्' (after).

Exam Tip: Both words relate to sequence, but 'अनन्तरम्' suggests 'immediately after', while 'पश्चात्' is a general 'after'. Here, they are presented as opposites, implying a different temporal sense in context.

8. Join the following words :

Question 1. कः + अरुक् = कोऽरुक्
Answer: कः + अरुक् = कोऽरुक्
In simple words: When 'कः' (who) combines with 'अरुक्' (healthy), it forms 'कोऽरुक्', meaning "who is healthy?".

Exam Tip: This illustrates a sandhi rule in Sanskrit, where 'विसर्ग' (ः) changes before certain letters.

Question 2. कः + अपि = कोऽपि
Answer: कः + अपि = कोऽपि
In simple words: When 'कः' (who) combines with 'अपि' (even/also), it forms 'कोऽपि', meaning "anyone" or "somebody".

Exam Tip: This is another example of sandhi, showing how words combine to create new meanings.

Question 3. वैद्य + ऋषिः = वैद्यर्षिः
Answer: वैद्य + ऋषिः = वैद्यर्षिः
In simple words: The words 'वैद्य' (doctor) and 'ऋषिः' (sage) combine to form 'वैद्यर्षिः', a medical sage.

Exam Tip: This is an example of vowel sandhi, where two vowels merge to form a new one, creating a compound word.

Question 4. एकम् + एव = एकमेव
Answer: एकम् + एव = एकमेव
In simple words: 'एकम्' (one) combined with 'एव' (only) becomes 'एकमेव', meaning "only one" or "just one".

Exam Tip: This illustrates a sandhi rule involving 'm' at the end of a word before a vowel, resulting in a single combined form.

9. Arrange the following sentences in proper order :

Question 1. पक्षी निराशः भवति।
Question 2. एकः पक्षी अस्ति।
Question 3. सन्तुष्टः पक्षी ऋषिसमीपम् आगच्छति।
Question 4. अनन्तरं स्वस्थानं गच्छति।
Question 5. सः पुनः पुनः वदति "कोऽरुक्?"
Answer:
1. एकः पक्षी अस्ति।
2. सः पुनः पुनः वदति "कोऽरुक्?”
3. पक्षी निराशः भवति।
4. सन्तुष्टः पक्षी ऋषिसमीपम् आगच्छति।
5. अनन्तरं स्वस्थानं गच्छति।
In simple words: The correct order of events from the story is: a bird exists, it repeatedly asks "Who is healthy?", it becomes disappointed, then it comes to the sage, and finally, it returns to its own place.

Exam Tip: To arrange sentences, identify the beginning, middle, and end of the narrative, and look for logical connectors or chronological indicators.

10. Make the sentences as per example :
उदाहरण :
• बालः .......................... गच्छति .......................... उपविशति च। (गृह, प्रकोष्ठ)
Answer: बालः गृहं गच्छति प्रकोष्ठे उपविशति च।
In simple words: The boy goes to his house and sits in the room.

Exam Tip: Remember to use the accusative case for the destination ('गृहं') and the locative case for the place of sitting ('प्रकोष्ठे').

Question 1. शिक्षकः .......................... गच्छति .......................... उपविशति च। (शाला, वर्गखण्ड)
Answer: शिक्षकः शालां गच्छति वर्गखण्डे उपविशति च।
In simple words: The teacher goes to the school and sits in the classroom.

Exam Tip: Ensure that the noun 'शालां' (school) is in the accusative case for movement and 'वर्गखण्डे' (classroom) is in the locative case for position.

Question 2. ऋषिः .......................... गच्छति .......................... उपविशति च। (वन, नदीतट)
Answer: ऋषिः वनं गच्छति नदीतटे उपविशति च।
In simple words: The sage goes to the forest and sits on the riverbank.

Exam Tip: 'वनं' is accusative (to the forest), and 'नदीतटे' is locative (on the riverbank). Pay attention to these case endings.

Question 3. भरतः .......................... गच्छति .......................... उपविशति च। (क्रीडाङ्गण, मित्रसमीप)
Answer: भरतः क्रीडाङ्गणं गच्छति मित्रसमीपे उपविशति च।
In simple words: Bharata goes to the playground and sits near his friend.

Exam Tip: 'क्रीडाङ्गणं' is accusative for the destination, while 'मित्रसमीपे' uses the locative case for the vicinity of the friend.

Question 4. दीपकः .......................... गच्छति .......................... उपविशति च। (ग्राम, मार्ग)
Answer: दीपकः ग्रामं गच्छति मार्गे उपविशति च।
In simple words: Deepak goes to the village and sits on the road.

Exam Tip: 'ग्रामं' is in the accusative case (to the village), and 'मार्गे' is in the locative case (on the road).

कोऽरुक् Summary in English

The small story in this chapter shows the importance of our physical health. It warns us for our bad habit of our life-style and food. Our mind and soul become pure (sacred) only after by cleanliness of our body. The story teaches the children to be aware of their food-eating-habits and the importance of their physical health.

Exam Tip: Summaries help you grasp the main message quickly. Focus on the central themes like physical health, lifestyle habits, and mindful eating.

Glossary :
एकः - one. पक्षी - bird. सः - It. आकाशे - in the sky. अत्र तत्र - here and there. गच्छति - is going. पुनः पुनः - again and again, often. वदति - speaks. कोऽरुक् ? (कः + अरुक्) - Who is healthy? नीरोगः - healthy, free from disease. भवति - is, lives.

Translation: There is a bird. It goes here and there in the sky. It speaks again and again, "Who is healthy ? (Who is without any disease ?)”

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with all the glossary terms as they are crucial for understanding the Sanskrit text and answering questions accurately.

Glossary:
द्वारं द्वारम् - door to door. अटति - wanders, moves.
पृच्छति - asks. जनाः - people. उपहासम् - ridicule, fun. कुर्वन्ति - do.
कोऽपि - कः + अपि - anyone, anybody. ददाति न - does not give.
निराशः - disappointed.

Translation: The bird wanders door to door. It asks only one question. People ridicule it. Nobody answers it. The bird becomes disappointed.

Exam Tip: Regularly review the glossary to build a strong Sanskrit vocabulary, which will greatly assist in translation and comprehension tasks.

Glossary:
वनं (वनम्) - in the forest. च - and. उपविशति - and sits. वृक्षस्य अधः - under the tree. वैद्यर्षिः - the doctor, the vaidya Rishi. वाग्भटः - Vagbhat; a Guru of Ayurveda. पुनः - again. शृणोति (शृणोति) - hears, listens to.

Translation: The bird travels into the forest and sits on a tree. Vaidya Rishi Vagbhat is present beneath the tree. The bird speaks once more, asking, “Who is healthy? Who is healthy?” Vagbhat hears its words.

Glossary:
हितभुक् - one that takes balanced (beneficial) meal. मितभुक् - one who takes meal in proper quantity, one who takes measured meal. ऋतुभुक् ('ऋतभुक्') - one who takes meal according to a season. अर्थः- (that) means. यः - who. हितकारी - beneficial. करोति - takes. मितम् - limited.

Translation: It states, "A balanced (beneficial) meal eater, a limited (measured) meal eater, and an eater who follows the seasons." This simply means: "The person who consumes a balanced meal, eats the proper amount, and eats according to the season, stays healthy."

Glossary:
ऋतु-अनुसारम् - according to the season. सः एव - only he. सन्तुष्टः - satisfied, contented. ऋषिसमीपम् - near the Rishi. आगच्छति - comes. ऋषिं (ऋषिम्) - to the Rishi. नमति - bows. अनन्तरं (अनन्तरम्) - then. स्वस्थानं (स्वस्थानम्) - to its own place.

Translation: The contented bird approaches the Rishi. It bows respectfully to the Rishi. After that, it proceeds to its own location.

कोऽरुक् Summary in Gujarati
આ નાનકડી વાર્તા શારીરિક સ્વાથ્યનું મહત્ત્વ દર્શાવે છે. તે આપણી જીવનપ્રણાલી અને ભોજનની ખોટી આદતો અંગે આપણને સાવચેત કરે છે. દેહશુદ્ધિથી જ મનશુદ્ધિ અને આત્મશુદ્ધિ થાય છે. આ વાર્તા બાળકોને તેમની ખાવાપીવાની ટેવો અંગે સભાન કરીને શારીરિક સ્વાથ્યનું મહત્ત્વ સમજાવે છે.

शब्दार्थ : एकः - one. पक्षी - bird. सः - It. आकाशे - in the sky. अत्र तत्र - here and there. गच्छति - is going. पुनः पुनः - again and again, often. वदति - speaks. कोऽरुक् ? (कः + अरुक्) - Who is healthy? नीरोगः - healthy, free from disease. भवति - is, lives.

Translation: There is a bird. It moves here and there in the sky. It asks again and again, "Who is healthy? (Who is free from any illness?)"

शब्दार्थ : દ્વારે દ્વારે (અહીં બારણે બારણે), દરેક ઘરે. અટતિ - wanders, moves. પૃચ્છતિ - asks. જનાઃ - people. ઉપહાસમ્ - ridicule, fun. કુર્વન્તિ - do. કોऽપિ - કઃ + અપિ - anyone, anybody. દદાતિ ન - does not give. નિરાશઃ - disappointed.

Translation: The bird roams door to door. It asks only one question. People mock it. No one provides an answer. The bird becomes disappointed.

शब्दार्थ : वनम् - in the forest. च - and. उपविशति - sits. वृक्षस्य अधः - under the tree. वैद्यर्षिः - the doctor, vaidya Rishi. वाग्भट्टः - Vagbhat; a Guru of Ayurveda. पुनः - again. शृणोति (शृणोति) - hears, listens to.

Translation: It travels into the forest and sits on a tree. Under the tree is Vaidya Rishi Vagbhat. The bird speaks again: "Who is healthy? Who is healthy?" Vagbhat listens.

शब्दार्थ: हितभुक् – हितकारी भोजन करनार. मितभुक् – अल्प मात्रामां अथवा मापसरनुं भोजन करनार अर्थात् वधु पडतुं भोजन न करनार. ऋतुभुक् ('ऋतभुक्' नही) – ऋतु अनुसार भोजन करनार, ऋतु प्रमाणे भोजन करनार. अर्थः- (एनो) अर्थ. यः – जे. हितकारी - (शरीर माटे) हितकारक. करोति – करे छे. मितम् - मापसर, मर्यादित.

अनुवादः ते कहे छे, “हितकारी भोजन करनार, अल्प मात्रामां भोजन करनार (अने) ऋतु प्रमाणे भोजन करनार.” (एना) अर्थ छे : जे हितकारी भोजन करे छे, जे मापसरनुं भोजन करे छे.

शब्दार्थ : ऋ तु-अनुसारम् - ऋतु प्रभाणे. सः एव - ते ज. सन्तुष्टः – सन्तुष्ट, संतोष पामेल. ऋषिसमीपम् – ऋषिनी पासे. आगच्छति – आवे छे. ऋ षिम् - ऋषिने. नमति - नमे छे, वंदन करे छे. अनन्तरम् - पछी. स्वस्थानम् – पोताने स्थाने.

अनुवादः (अने) जे ऋतु अनुसार भोजन करे छे, ते ज नीरोगी रहे छे. संतोष पामेलुं पक्षी ऋषिनी पासे आवे छे. ते ऋषि ने नमे छे. पछी ते पोताने स्थाने जाय छे.