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Detailed Chapter 06 પૂર્ણાંક સંખ્યાઓ GSEB Solutions for Class 6 Mathematics
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Class 6 Mathematics Chapter 06 પૂર્ણાંક સંખ્યાઓ GSEB Solutions PDF
પ્રયત્ન કરો: [પાન નંબર 116]
Question. નીચે આપેલાં સ્થાનોમાં યોગ્ય નિશાની કરોઃ
(a) દરિયાની સપાટીથી 100 મી નીચે
(b) \(0^\circ\)Cથી \(25^\circ\)C ઉપરનું તાપમાન
(c) \(0^\circ\)Cથી \(15^\circ\)C નીચું તાપમાન
Answer:
(a) દરિયાની સપાટીથી 100 મી નીચે \(\implies -100\) મી
(b) \(0^\circ\)Cથી \(25^\circ\)C ઉપરનું તાપમાન \(\implies +25^\circ\)C
(c) \(0^\circ\)Cથી \(15^\circ\)C નીચું તાપમાન \(\implies -15^\circ\)C
In simple words: When writing places below a level, use a minus sign. When writing above a level, use a plus sign. For temperatures, above \(0^\circ\)C is positive, and below \(0^\circ\)C is negative.
Exam Tip: Understand that "below" means negative values and "above" means positive values in mathematics, especially concerning sea level and temperature scales.
પ્રયત્ન કરો [પાન નંબર 118]
Question 1. સંખ્યારેખા પર \(3, 7, -4, 8, -1\) અને \(-3\) બતાવો.
Answer:
In simple words: To show numbers on a number line, first draw a straight line with arrows on both sides. Mark zero in the middle. Then, mark positive numbers to the right and negative numbers to the left. Finally, place dots at the exact spots for each given number.
Exam Tip: Always make sure your number line is clearly labeled with zero, positive numbers, negative numbers, and arrows indicating it extends infinitely in both directions.
Question 2. ઉપર્યુક્ત ઉદાહરણને ધ્યાનમાં રાખીને \(>\) અને \(<\) ચિહ્નોનો ઉપયોગ કરી – ખાલી જગ્યા પૂરોઃ
\(0 \quad \text{___} \quad -1\)
\(-100 \quad \text{___} \quad -101\)
\(-50 \quad \text{___} \quad -70\)
\(50 \quad \text{___} \quad -51\)
\(-53 \quad \text{___} \quad -5\)
\(-7 \quad \text{___} \quad 1\)
Answer:
\(0 > -1\)
\(-100 > -101\)
\(-50 > -70\)
\(50 > -51\)
\(-53 < -5\)
\(-7 < 1\)
In simple words: When comparing numbers, remember that larger numbers are always to the right on a number line, and smaller numbers are to the left. Any positive number is bigger than any negative number, and zero is bigger than all negative numbers.
Exam Tip: Visualizing numbers on a number line helps in correctly using the greater than (>) or less than (<) signs. Remember that numbers further to the right are always greater.
પ્રયત્ન કરો [પાન નંબર 119]
Question. \(>\) અથવા \(<\) નો ઉપયોગ કરી સરખામણી કરો અને નીચેના તારણો પર રોહિણીના અવલોકનો સાથે સહમત છો કે નહીં તે જણાવો:
\(0 \quad \text{___} \quad -8\)
\(-1 \quad \text{___} \quad -15\)
\(5 \quad \text{___} \quad -5\)
\(11 \quad \text{___} \quad 15\)
\(0 \quad \text{___} \quad 6\)
\(-20 \quad \text{___} \quad 2\)
ઉપર્યુક્ત પ્રશ્નોથી રોહિણી નીચે આપેલાં તારણો ઉપર પહોંચે છે:
(a) દરેક ધન પૂર્ણાક દરેક ઋણ પૂર્ણાક કરતાં મોટા છે.
(b) શૂન્ય દરેક ધન પૂર્ણાકો કરતાં નાનો છે.
(c) શૂન્ય એ ઋણ પૂર્ણાકો કરતાં મોટો છે.
(d) શૂન્ય એ ઋણ પૂર્ણક કે ધન પૂર્ણાંક નથી.
(e) શૂન્યની જમણી બાજુ જેમ દૂર જઈએ તેમ સંખ્યા મોટી થાય છે.
(f) શૂન્યની ડાબી બાજુ જેમ દૂર જઈએ તેમ સંખ્યા નાની થાય છે. શું તમે તેની સાથે સહમત છો?
Answer:
\(>\) અથવા \(<\) નો ઉપયોગ કરીને નીચે પ્રમાણે દર્શાવી શકાય :
\(0 > -8\)
\(-1 > -15\)
\(5 > -5\)
\(11 < 15\)
\(0 < 6\)
\(-20 < 2\)
હા, રોહિણીનાં તમામ તારણ સાચાં છે. અમે તેનાં તારણો સાથે સહમત છીએ.
In simple words: Yes, all of Rohini's conclusions are correct. We agree with her observations. Positive numbers are always greater than negative numbers. Zero is smaller than any positive integer but larger than any negative integer. Numbers get larger as you move right from zero on a number line, and they get smaller as you move left.
Exam Tip: Remember the basic rules of integer comparison: positive numbers are always greater than negative numbers, and zero is greater than all negative numbers but less than all positive numbers. On a number line, values increase from left to right.
પ્રયત્ન કરો [પાન નંબર 125]
Question. * નીચેના સરવાળાનો જવાબ શોધોઃ
(a) \( (-11) + (-12) \)
(b) \( (+10) + (+4) \)
(c) \( (-32) + (-25) \)
(d) \( (+23) + (+40) \)
Answer:
(a) \( (-11) + (-12) \)
\( = -11 - 12 \)
\( = -(11 + 12) \)
\( = -23 \)
(b) \( (+10) + (+4) \)
\( = +10 + 4 \)
\( = +(10 + 4) \)
\( = +14 \)
(c) \( (-32) + (-25) \)
\( = -32 - 25 \)
\( = -(32 + 25) \)
\( = -57 \)
(d) \( (+23) + (+40) \)
\( = +23 + 40 \)
\( = +(23 + 40) \)
\( = +63 \)
In simple words: When adding two negative numbers, add their absolute values and keep the negative sign. When adding two positive numbers, just add them. When adding numbers with different signs, subtract the smaller absolute value from the larger absolute value and use the sign of the number with the larger absolute value.
Exam Tip: Remember the rules for adding integers: Same signs mean add and keep the sign. Different signs mean subtract the smaller absolute value from the larger, and use the sign of the larger absolute value.
પ્રયત્ન કરો [પાન નંબર 125]
Question. નીચેના ઉકેલ શોધો:
(a) \( -70 + (+8) \).
(b) \( (-9) + (+13) \).
(c) \( (+7) + (-10) \).
(d) \( (+12) + (-7) \).
Answer:
અહીં, યાદ રાખીશું કે બે વિરોધી સંખ્યાઓનો સરવાળો હંમેશાં શૂન્ય થાય છે. આથી, આવી બે સંખ્યાઓને પરસ્પર વિરોધી કહે છે.
(a) \( -70 + (+8) \)
\( = -70 + 8 \)
\( = -(70 - 8) \)
\( = -62 \)
(b) \( (-9) + (+13) \)
\( = (-9) + (+9) + (+4) \) [\(\because 13 = 9 + 4\)]
\( = 0 + (+4) \) [\(\because (-9) + (+9) = 0\)]
\( = 4 \)
(c) \( (+7) + (-10) \)
\( = (+7) + (-7) + (-3) \) [\(\because (-10) = (-7) + (-3)\)]
\( = 0 + (-3) \) [\(\because (+7) + (-7) = 0\)]
\( = -3 \)
(d) \( (+12) + (-7) \)
\( = (+5) + (+7) + (-7) \) [\(\because 12 = 5 + 7\)]
\( = (+5) + 0 \) [\(\because (+7) + (-7) = 0\)]
\( = 5 \)
In simple words: We remember that when two opposite numbers are added, the sum is always zero. This is why such numbers are called additive inverses of each other. For addition problems, break down numbers to use this rule and simplify the calculation.
Exam Tip: When adding integers with different signs, a useful strategy is to decompose one number to create an additive inverse pair that sums to zero, simplifying the remaining addition.
પ્રયત્ન કરો [પાન નંબર 127]
Question 1. સંખ્યારેખાનો ઉપયોગ કરીને નીચેના સરવાળાઓનો ઉકેલ શોધોઃ
(a) \( (-2) + 6 \)
(b) \( (-6) + 2 \)
આવા, બીજા બે પ્રશ્નો બનાવો અને સંખ્યારેખાનો ઉપયોગ કરીને ઉકેલ શોધો.
Answer:
(a) \( (-2) + 6 \)
પહેલાં સંખ્યારેખા ઉપર તેની ડાબી બાજુ \(2\) પગલાં (દરેક \(1\) એકમનું પગલું) ચાલતાં \(-2\) ઉપર પહોંચીશું. તે પછી \(-2\)ની જમણી બાજુ \(6\) પગલાં (દરેક \(1\) એકમનું પગલું) ચાલતાં \(4\) ઉપર પહોંચાશે. આમ, \( (-2) + 6 = +4 \).
(b) \( (-6) + 2 \)
પહેલાં સંખ્યારેખા ઉપર તેની ડાબી બાજુ \(6\) પગલાં (દરેક \(1\) એકમનું પગલું) ચાલતાં \(-6\) ઉપર પહોંચીશું. તે પછી \(-6\)ની જમણી બાજુ \(2\) પગલાં (દરેક \(1\) એકમનું પગલું) ચાલતાં \(-4\) ઉપર પહોંચાશે. આમ, \( (-6) + 2 = -4 \).
આવા અન્ય બે પ્રશ્નો નીચે મુજબ છે :
(1) \( (-4) + 5 \)
આમ, \( (-4) + (5) = 1 \).
(2) \( 6 + (-1) \)
આમ, \( 6 + (-1) = 5 \).
In simple words: To add numbers using a number line, start at the first number. If you are adding a positive number, move to the right. If you are adding a negative number, move to the left. The spot you land on is the answer.
Exam Tip: Always make sure to count each 'step' correctly on the number line. Moving right for positive additions and left for negative additions is key for accuracy.
Question 2. સંખ્યારેખાનો ઉપયોગ કર્યા વગર નીચેનાનો ઉકેલ શોધોઃ
(a) \( (+7) + (-11) \)
(b) \( (-13) + (+10) \)
(c) \( (-7) + (+9) \)
(d) \( (+10) + (-5) \)
આવા પાંચ પ્રશ્નો પૂછી અને તેમનો ઉકેલ શોધો.
Answer:
(a) \( (+7) + (-11) \)
\( = (+7) + (-7) + (-4) \) [\(\because (-11) = (-7) + (-4)\)]
\( = 0 + (-4) \) [\(\because (+7) + (-7) = 0\)]
\( = -4 \)
(b) \( (-13) + (+10) \)
\( = (-10) + (-3) + (+10) \) [\(\because (-13) = (-10) + (-3)\)]
\( = (-10) + (+10) + (-3) \)
\( = 0 + (-3) \) [\(\because (-10) + (+10) = 0\)]
\( = -3 \)
(c) \( (-7) + (+9) \)
\( = (-7) + (+7) + (+2) \) [\(\because (+9) = (+7) + (+2)\)]
\( = 0 + (+2) \) [\(\because (-7) + (+7) = 0\)]
\( = 2 \)
(d) \( (+10) + (-5) \)
\( = (+5) + (+5) + (-5) \) [\(\because (+10) = (+5) + (+5)\)]
\( = (+5) + ((+5) + (-5)) \)
\( = (+5) + 0 \) [\(\because (+5) + (-5) = 0\)]
\( = 5 \)
ઉપર મુજબના બીજા પાંચ પ્રશ્નોઃ
Question 1. \( (+9) + (-2) \).
Answer: \( 7 \)
Question 2. \( (-8) + (+12) \).
Answer: \( 4 \)
Question 3. \( (-5) + (+8) \).
Answer: \( 3 \)
Question 4. \( (+12) + (-6) \).
Answer: \( 6 \)
Question 5. \( (+10) + (-14) \).
Answer: \( -4 \)
In simple words: To add integers without a number line, use the property of additive inverses where a number and its opposite sum to zero. Decompose numbers to create these zero pairs, then add the remaining parts.
Exam Tip: Always look for ways to group additive inverses (a number and its opposite) when performing calculations without a number line, as this simplifies the process to zero.
HOTs પ્રકારના પ્રશ્નોત્તર
Question 1. નીચેના દરેક પ્રશ્નના જવાબ માટે શોધીને તેનો ક્રમ-અક્ષર પ્રશ્નની સામે માં લખો: સંખ્યારેખા ઉપર \( -5 \) ની ડાબી બાજુએ ....... છે.
(a) \( -8 \)
(b) \( 8 \)
(c) \( 5 \)
(d) \( -2 \)
Answer: (a) \( -8 \)
In simple words: On a number line, numbers to the left of any given number are always smaller. So, the number \( -8 \) is to the left of \( -5 \).
Exam Tip: Remember that on a number line, moving to the left always indicates a smaller value, and moving to the right indicates a larger value.
Question 2. \( 3 \) માં \( -3 \) ઉમેરતાં .......... મળે.
(a) \( -6 \)
(b) \( 0 \)
(c) \( 6 \)
(d) \( -3 \)
Answer: (b) \( 0 \)
In simple words: When you add a number to its opposite, the result is always zero. This is a basic rule of adding integers.
Exam Tip: The sum of any integer and its additive inverse (opposite) is always zero. This is a fundamental concept in integer arithmetic.
Question 3. \( 3 \) અને \( -2 \) વચ્ચે ........... પૂર્ણાંકો છે.
(a) \( 3 \)
(b) \( 2 \)
(c) \( 4 \)
(d) \( 5 \)
Answer: (c) \( 4 \)
In simple words: The integers between \( 3 \) and \( -2 \) are \( -1, 0, 1 \), and \( 2 \). Counting these gives a total of four integers.
Exam Tip: When finding integers between two numbers, list all integers strictly greater than the smaller number and strictly less than the larger number.
Question 4. \( -6 + (-4) = .......... \)
(a) \( -2 \)
(b) \( 10 \)
(c) \( 2 \)
(d) \( -10 \)
Answer: (d) \( -10 \)
In simple words: When adding two negative numbers, add their absolute values and keep the negative sign. So, \( 6 + 4 = 10 \), and with the negative sign, it becomes \( -10 \).
Exam Tip: Remember that adding two negative numbers always results in a larger negative number; it's like combining two debts.
Question 5. \( 0 > .......... \)
(a) \( 2 \)
(b) \( 5 \)
(c) \( 10 \)
(d) \( -2 \)
Answer: (d) \( -2 \)
In simple words: Zero is always greater than any negative number, but it is smaller than any positive number. Among the given choices, only \( -2 \) is a negative number.
Exam Tip: Understand the position of zero on the number line: it separates positive numbers (to its right) from negative numbers (to its left), being greater than all negatives and less than all positives.
Question 6. \( 8 - (-2) = .......... \)
(a) \( 6 \)
(b) \( -6 \)
(c) \( 10 \)
(d) \( -10 \)
Answer: (c) \( 10 \)
In simple words: Subtracting a negative number is the same as adding its positive counterpart. So, \( 8 - (-2) \) becomes \( 8 + 2 \), which equals \( 10 \).
Exam Tip: Remember the rule: "minus a minus makes a plus." This means subtracting a negative number changes the operation to addition.
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GSEB Solutions Class 6 Mathematics Chapter 06 પૂર્ણાંક સંખ્યાઓ
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