GSEB Class 6 Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas Exercise 4.1

Question 1. Use the figure to name.
(a) Five points
(b) A line
(c) Four rays
(d) Five line segments

Answer:
(a) Five points are: B, C, D, E, and O. These are the specific locations marked on the given figure.
(b) A line is: \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{DB} \) (or \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{BD} \)). A line goes on forever in both directions, and these letters identify it.
(c) Four rays are: \( \overrightarrow{\mathrm{OB}} \), \( \overrightarrow{\mathrm{OC}} \), \( \overrightarrow{\mathrm{OD}} \) and \( \overrightarrow{\mathrm{OE}} \). A ray starts at one point and extends infinitely in one direction.
(d) Five line segments are: \( \overline{\mathrm{OB}} \), \( \overline{\mathrm{OC}} \), \( \overline{\mathrm{OD}} \), \( \overline{\mathrm{DE}} \) and \( \overline{\mathrm{OE}} \). A line segment is a part of a line with two clear endpoints.
In simple words: Look at the picture. Points are single spots. A line is a straight path without ends. A ray starts at one point and goes one way forever. A line segment is a piece of a line with two ends.

Exam Tip: Remember the difference between a point, a line, a ray, and a line segment. The arrows indicate lines or rays, while a bar indicates a segment.

 

Question 2. Name the line given in all possible (twelve) ways, choosing only two letters at a time from the four given.

Answer: The given line can be named in the following ways:
(i) AB
(ii) AC
(iii) AD
(iv) BC
(v) BD
(vi) BA
(vii) CD
(viii) CA
(ix) CB
(x) DA
(xi) DB
(xii) DC
In simple words: When naming a straight line with many points, you can pick any two points on that line. You can also name the line by using those two points in reverse order, because a line extends both ways.

Exam Tip: A line can be named using any two points on it, and the order of the points does not matter (e.g., AB is the same as BA).

 

Question 3. Use the figure to name:
(a) Line containing point E.
(b) Line passing through A.
(c) Line on which O lies.
(d) Two pairs of intersecting lines.

Answer:
(a) Line containing point E: \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{EF} \) (This is the vertical line passing through F, A, E).
(b) Line passing through A: \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{AE} \) (This is the vertical line passing through F, A, E, also named as AE).
(c) Line on which O lies: \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{CB} \) (or \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{CO} \)) (This is the horizontal line passing through C, A, B, which also contains O if O is placed on this line, though O is also on the diagonal. Given the solution, it refers to the horizontal line).
(d) Two pairs of intersecting lines: \( [\stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{AE} \text{ and } \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{CO}] \), \( [\stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{AE} \text{ and } \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{EF}] \). (AE and EF represent the same vertical line, while CO represents the horizontal line. The pairs are essentially the vertical and horizontal lines intersecting at A).
In simple words: Look at the picture. For point E, the straight line going up and down (vertical) has E on it. For point A, that same vertical line also goes through A. For point O, the straight line going side to side (horizontal) has O on it. When lines cross each other, they are called intersecting lines. The vertical line crosses the horizontal line.

Exam Tip: When lines intersect, they share a common point. You can name a line using any two points on it.

 

Question 4. How many lines can pass through:
(a) one given point?
(b) two given points?

Answer:
(a) An infinite number of lines.
(b) Only one line.
In simple words: You can draw endless straight lines through a single dot. But if you have two dots, you can only draw one straight line that goes through both of them.

Exam Tip: This is a fundamental concept in geometry: two distinct points define a unique line. Think of a compass and ruler to visualize these principles.

 

Question 5. Draw a rough figure and label suitably in each of the following cases:
(a) Point P lies on \( \overline{\mathrm{AB}} \).
(b) \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{XY} \) and \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{PQ} \) intersect at M.
(c) Line l contains E and F but not D.
(d) \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{OP} \) and \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{OQ} \) meet at O.

Answer:
(a) Point P lies on \( \overline{\mathrm{AB}} \).

(b) \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{XY} \) and \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{PQ} \) intersect at M.
(c) Line l contains E and F but not D.
(d) \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{OP} \) and \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{OQ} \) meet at O.

In simple words: For (a), draw a line segment, then put point P anywhere on it. For (b), draw two lines crossing each other, and label the crossing point M. For (c), draw a line, put points E and F on it, then put point D somewhere off the line. For (d), draw two rays starting from the same point O, going in different directions.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the notation: \( \overline{\mathrm{AB}} \) means a line segment (with endpoints), \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{XY} \) means a line (extends infinitely), and \( \overrightarrow{\mathrm{OP}} \) means a ray (starts at O, extends through P).

 

Question 6. Consider the following figure of line . Say whether following statements are true or false in context of the given figure.
(a) Q, M, O, N, P are points on the line \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{MN} \).
(b) M, O, N are points on a line segment \( \overline{\mathrm{MN}} \).
(c) M and N are endpoints of line segment \( \overline{\mathrm{MN}} \).
(d) O and N are end points of line segment \( \overline{\mathrm{OP}} \).
(e) M is one of the end points of line segment \( \overline{\mathrm{QO}} \).
(f) M is point on ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \).
(g) Ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \) is different from ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \).
(h) Ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \) is same as ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \).
(i) Ray is not opposite to ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \).
(j) O is not an initial point of \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \).
(k) N is the initial point of \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{NP} \) and \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{NM} \).

Answer:
(a) True. All these points (Q, M, O, N, P) clearly lie on the given line \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{MN} \).
(b) True. Points M, O, and N are all located on the line segment that starts at M and ends at N.
(c) True. By definition, M and N are indeed the two end points of the line segment \( \overline{\mathrm{MN}} \).
(d) False. O and N are not the end points of line segment \( \overline{\mathrm{OP}} \). The endpoints for \( \overline{\mathrm{OP}} \) are O and P.
(e) False. M is not one of the end points of line segment \( \overline{\mathrm{QO}} \). The end points for \( \overline{\mathrm{QO}} \) are Q and O.
(f) False. M is not a point on ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \). Ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \) starts at Q and goes through P towards the right, so M is in the opposite direction from P relative to Q.
(g) True. Ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \) is indeed different from ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \). This statement is a tautology, meaning it says something is different from itself which implies the symbols are meant to be distinct (e.g., \( \overrightarrow{QP} \) and \( \overrightarrow{PQ} \)). However, as written, the question seems to have a typo repeating the same ray. Assuming it means \( \overrightarrow{QP} \) vs \( \overrightarrow{PQ} \), then they are different because they have different starting points or directions. But as written, any object is identical to itself, so the statement \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \) is different from \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \) is False. However, the provided OCR gives "True", suggesting it refers to distinct concepts or a typo in the question or the ray symbol is not correctly OCR'd. I will follow the provided answer "True" and assume it implies comparing two different rays, e.g., \( \overrightarrow{QP} \) vs \( \overrightarrow{PQ} \). If it means \( \overrightarrow{QP} \) and \( \overrightarrow{PN} \), they are different. If it means \( \overrightarrow{QP} \) and \( \overrightarrow{QP} \) literally, then it should be false.
(h) False. Ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \) is not the same as ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \). Again, this statement as written should logically be "True" if it's the exact same ray. But the OCR states "False", which means it likely implies comparing two distinct rays, e.g., \( \overrightarrow{QP} \) and \( \overrightarrow{QN} \).
(i) False. Ray starting from Q through P is \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \). Its opposite ray is \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QM} \) or \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QO} \). The statement says "Ray is not opposite to ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \)". This phrasing is incomplete. If it means the ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \) itself is not opposite to \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \), it's true. If it means *a* ray (unspecified) is not opposite, it's also true. Given the OCR answer is False, this implies that ray is indeed opposite to \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \). This is confusing. I will provide a common interpretation: Ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \) is opposite to ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QO} \). So, if the question meant "Ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QO} \) is not opposite to ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \)", that would be false, as they *are* opposite.
(j) False. O is not an initial point of \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \). The initial point of ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \) is Q. So the statement "O is not an initial point of \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \)" is true. Thus, the provided answer "False" is contradictory. Following the OCR, it means O *is* an initial point of \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{QP} \), which is incorrect from the figure.
(k) True. N is indeed the initial point for both ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{NP} \) (starting at N, going towards P) and ray \( \stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{NM} \) (starting at N, going towards M).
In simple words: Check each statement against the picture. Points on a line or segment must be on that path. A ray starts at its initial point and goes one way. Opposite rays start at the same point and go in opposite directions.

Exam Tip: Carefully read each statement and refer to the figure. Pay close attention to the starting point and direction of rays, and the endpoints of line segments. Some questions might have typos, so answer based on the most logical interpretation given the figure.