GSEB Class 12 English Solutions Unit 3 Read 2 Stress Control Exercises

Comprehension

Question 1. Here are some words which can make you stress-free. Read their dictionary meanings. Close your eyes and recollect the words and images that occur in your mind. List them in the last column. An example is given. (You can use mother-tongue.)

Word	Dictionary meaning	Your word/image
Calmness	state of mind being free from agitation, excitement, or disturbance	ગુસ્સો, ઉચાટ, ખળભળાટ, ખલેલ વિનાની સ્થિતિ, બંધ આંખ, લીલુંછમ મેદાન, soft music
Harmony	internal calmness	balance, coherence, proportion
Tranquility	a peaceful, calm state, without noise, violence, worry, etc.	placid, serene, restful, still, quiet
Peace	freedom from disturbance	quiet, calm, pacific, non-violent
Relaxation	make or become less tense or anxious	relief, solace, consoled, comfortable

In simple words: This activity prompts you to understand words related to peace and relaxation, connect them to your personal experiences, and describe the mental images they evoke. It's about self-reflection on achieving a stress-free state.

🎯 Exam Tip: For such reflective exercises, focus on clear and concise descriptions. While personal, the explanations should align with the core meaning of the words.

Question 2. Do step 1. then replace the underlined part in A with B and do It again. Then narrate your experience. (You can use mother-tongue.)

A	B
1. Meditate on your favourite word.	favourite idol
2. Build up mental images that illustrate the word.	images of your past incidents where people liked you
3. Explore the texture of some material with eyes closed.	streets and areas of your city/village
4. Put your palm on your belly and feel breath-in.	finger under your nose and feel breath out

Answer: Your physical and mental feeling:
(1) **Meditate on your favourite idol:** A role model can be regarded as a cherished figure. Our parents often serve as the finest role models, and we tend to emulate them throughout our lives to varying extents.
(2) **Build up images of your past incidents where people liked you:** Memories from childhood are often the most pleasant to recall. Numerous childhood experiences capture our attention when we were well-regarded by others. These positive interactions often influence our future behavior, prompting us to act with honesty, truthfulness, and innocence.
(3) **Explore the streets and areas of your city / villages:** Curiosity drives exploration, a behavior we engage in from a young age. These experiences often form indelible memories in our minds.
(4) **Put your finger under your nose and feel breath out:** This exercise serves as a reminder of 'Pranayam', a yogic technique. By exercising the lungs, we learn to exhale stale air stored in the deeper cavities of our respiratory system.In simple words: This exercise involves engaging in various mental activities like meditating on an idol, recalling positive childhood memories, exploring surroundings, and focusing on breathing, all of which contribute to a sense of calm and self-awareness. It helps in understanding how different focal points can impact mental and physical well-being.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing experiences, use vivid language and organize your thoughts clearly, addressing each part of the prompt systematically to demonstrate comprehensive understanding.

3. Answer The Following Questions:

Question 1. Which things create stress in you?

Answer: Stress typically arises when the mind, emotions, and body fail to operate in a coordinated manner. Our cognitive abilities enable us to focus, process information, and make sound decisions. However, stress emerges when the mind struggles with logical thinking, and emotions impede clear judgment. This state often leads to tasks requiring more time, a feeling that we are losing control, and even memory lapses, making it difficult to complete assignments. Ultimately, we recognize that this experience is a manifestation of stress.In simple words: Stress results from a disconnect between our mind, emotions, and body, hindering logical thought and clear decision-making, leading to difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and a feeling of being overwhelmed.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing stress causes, provide specific examples of mental, emotional, and physical symptoms to show a thorough understanding of the topic.

Question 2. Which are the effects of stress on you ?

Answer: Stress manifests as a condition where the mind, body, and emotions do not function cohesively. This leads to a decline in our mental capabilities, making it difficult to concentrate, recall past and new information, and engage in logical thinking. Consequently, it becomes impossible to establish a constructive and efficient order or to make rational daily decisions.In simple words: Stress impacts mental functions, making it hard to concentrate, remember things, and think logically, which prevents effective decision-making and organizing tasks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly enumerate the cognitive and behavioral impacts of stress, emphasizing how it impairs daily functioning and problem-solving skills.

Question 3. How do you release stress ?

Answer: The primary cause of stress is often a mental disturbance, preventing the mind from functioning normally. To restore balance, it's crucial to release this stress. Initially, we need to make ourselves comfortable, which can be achieved through brief meditation. Selecting a word that embodies 'calmness' and meditating on it is a good starting point. Visualize scenes that align with this word, then take a material, close your eyes, and explore its texture; this also aids in stress reduction. Insufficient oxygen supply to the brain is another contributor to stress. To address this, rub your hands together to generate energy, place your palms below your navel, and breathe deeply into your belly. These techniques offer effective ways to alleviate stress.In simple words: Stress is released by calming the mind through meditation on a chosen word, visualizing peaceful scenes, engaging in tactile exploration, and practicing deep breathing to ensure adequate oxygen supply to the brain.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing stress-release methods, ensure you list a variety of techniques (mental, sensory, physical) and briefly explain how each contributes to reducing stress.

Question 4. Which of these techniques is more effective on you ?

Answer: Deep breathing has consistently proven to be highly effective. This technique is straightforward to implement and offers immediate relief, drawing on specific physiological knowledge.In simple words: Deep breathing is a very effective technique because it's simple, provides quick relief, and aligns with physiological understanding.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating effectiveness, state your choice clearly and provide a concise reason, perhaps linking it to immediate benefits or ease of practice.

Question 5. How would life be without stress ?

Answer: Stress often serves as a catalyst for success. We frequently experience anxiety when confronted with problems that impede our progress. Our minds remain unsettled until a solution is found. Once a solution is identified, the stress dissipates. Thus, stress can be seen as a stepping stone towards achievement.In simple words: Stress can actually be a motivator, pushing us to find solutions to problems; once a solution is achieved, the stress fades, acting as a stepping stone to success.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider both the positive and negative aspects of stress. Here, highlighting its role as a motivator for problem-solving demonstrates a nuanced perspective.

A. Additional Questions And Answers

Question 1. How does deep breathing help us get out of stress ?

Answer: If our breathing is shallow, the brain does not receive an adequate supply of oxygen. Consequently, when we experience stress, we tend to either hold our breath or breathe superficially, using only the upper part of our lungs. This insufficient oxygen leads to feelings of stress and impaired concentration.In simple words: Deep breathing helps alleviate stress by ensuring sufficient oxygen reaches the brain, counteracting the shallow breathing often associated with feeling stressed and unfocused.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the physiological link between deep breathing, oxygen supply, and its impact on stress and concentration. Focus on the cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 2. How does crown pull help our nervous system ?

Answer: The 'crown pull' technique facilitates the unobstructed movement of cerebrospinal fluid through the spinal column and the skull, positively impacting its flow. This process calms the nervous system, effectively reducing headaches or stomach aches induced by stress, and enhancing mental clarity.In simple words: The crown pull technique aids the nervous system by promoting free flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which calms the system, relieves stress-related discomfort like headaches, and improves clear thinking.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing anatomical or physiological benefits, use precise terms like 'cerebrospinal fluid' and 'nervous system' to demonstrate accurate scientific knowledge.

(B) Short Notes

Question. Write a short note focussing on the questions: Short Meditation

• A Stress Control Exercise
• two stages : first stage
• sit quietly
• imagine a word
• think about it
• build up mental images illustrating the word
• feel 'harmony' or 'tranquility' within second stage
• choose an object
• think about its texture with closed eyes -spend two minutes over it

Answer: Short Meditation-A Stress Control Exercise: Short meditation involves two distinct stages. In the initial stage, individuals should sit comfortably and close their eyes. They must select a word representing calmness from options such as 'harmony', 'tranquility', 'serenity', 'peace', or 'relax', and then meditate on this chosen word. The second stage requires visualizing scenes associated with the word or creating mental images that embody it, fostering a sense of 'harmony' or 'tranquility' within oneself. Subsequently, one should select an appealing object, such as a piece of fabric or a stone, and focus on its texture with closed eyes. Dedicating two minutes to this tactile exploration will deepen the meditative state.In simple words: Short meditation is a two-stage stress relief exercise: first, meditate on a calming word and visualize related scenes; second, focus on the texture of an object with closed eyes for two minutes to deepen relaxation.

🎯 Exam Tip: For short notes, ensure comprehensive coverage of all bullet points provided in the prompt, structuring the information logically into distinct stages or aspects.

Short Meditation I

OR

• Which position should we keep at first? -Which words should we select?
• Why should we choose a word?
• What should we visualise or build?
• Why should we spend some time in imagining?

Answer: Short Meditation - A Stress Control Exercise: Short meditation involves two stages. In the first stage, one should sit comfortably with closed eyes. A word related to calmness, such as 'harmony', 'tranquility', 'serenity', 'peace', or 'relax', should be chosen for meditation. The purpose of choosing a word is to focus the mind and initiate a state of tranquility. Once the word is chosen, one should visualize scenes or build mental images that align with it, aiming to cultivate 'harmony' or 'tranquility' internally. Spending time imagining these scenes helps to deepen the meditative experience and reinforces the feeling of peace. In the second stage, an appealing object like a fabric or stone is selected, and one's attention is directed to its texture with closed eyes for about two minutes, further promoting meditation.In simple words: Short meditation involves sitting comfortably with closed eyes, choosing a calming word to focus on, visualizing scenes related to it to induce inner peace, and then concentrating on an object's texture, all to deepen relaxation and manage stress.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about a process, explain each step's purpose and how it contributes to the overall goal. Use clear, sequential language.

(C) Reading Comprehension

Read The Following Extracts And Answer The Questions:

Question (1). When we breathe, there is a microscopic movement of the cranial bones which in turn allows the cerebrospinal fluid to move freely through the spinal column and the skull. When tensed or upset and don't breathe s deeply enough, this can result in bones in the skull becoming slightiy stuck together so that the fluid cannot circulate properly.

Answer:
(1) When we breathe, there is a minute movement in the cranial bones, which subsequently permits the cerebrospinal fluid to flow unimpeded through the spinal column and the skull.
(2) When experiencing tension or upset and not breathing adequately deep, the skull bones can become slightly immobile, thereby hindering the proper circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid.In simple words: Normal breathing allows tiny cranial bone movements, helping cerebrospinal fluid flow freely; but when stressed or breathing shallowly, these bones can restrict, preventing proper fluid circulation.

🎯 Exam Tip: For comprehension questions, extract details directly from the provided text and rephrase them accurately to demonstrate understanding of the passage.

Mental Quick Fixes

• Put on some music you like and dance through the room. This creative activity exercises the right side of the brain and S' helps rebalance your brain.
• Get a fish tank and watch the fish swim around languidly. This allows your mind to calm down.
• Write down all your worries. Putting them on a piece of paper gets them out of your head.
• Get out into nature and walk. Concentrate on what is right now rather than what might happen tomorrow.

Question (1). Write two ways to get mentally relieved ?

Answer: To find mental relief, one should consider these methods:

• Listening to music and engaging in dance.
• Spending time outdoors in nature and walking.

In simple words: Two ways to relieve mental stress are listening to music and dancing, and spending time walking in nature.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for a specific number of ways, provide distinct and clear points, directly referencing the source text if applicable.

Question (2). What kind of concentration should we / have?

Answer: We should focus on the present moment rather than dwelling on future possibilities.In simple words: We should concentrate on the present moment, not on what might happen tomorrow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize mindfulness and present-moment awareness as crucial for effective concentration in stress management.

Question (3). Give your brain an oxygen hit. Half the problems with being stressed and unable to concentrate properly is that you don't breathe deeply enough to supply your brain with sufficient oxygen. When we get stressed, we tend to hold our breath or only breathe in a shallow way. In order to deepen your breathing and get oxygen all the way up into the brain again, rub both your palms, put them below your navel, feel your belly rise every in-breath.

Answer:
(1) According to the text, a major reason for experiencing stress and difficulty concentrating is insufficient deep breathing, which deprives the brain of adequate oxygen. (2) To increase oxygen flow to the brain, one should rub both palms together, place them below the navel, and consciously feel the belly rise with each inhalation.In simple words: Stress often comes from not breathing deeply enough, which deprives the brain of oxygen; to fix this, rub your palms, place them below your navel, and practice deep belly breathing.

🎯 Exam Tip: When addressing a two-part question, ensure both parts are answered clearly and concisely, directly referencing details from the given text.

(D) Say True Or False

Question. Write whether the following sentences are True or False:
(1) In short meditation, we should meditate on our chosen word.
(2) Half of the problem with being stressed is that we breathe deeply enough to supply our brain with sufficient oxygen.
(3) When we breathe, there is a microscopic ' movement of the cranial bones.
(4) The Crown Pull influences the flow of ' cerebrospinal fluid in a negative way.
(5) Some music and dance of your choice helps the right side of the brain in rebalancing.
(6) We should not go out into nature and walk naturally.
(7) Delete the phrase 'I can't from your vocabulary as it blocks your view of possible solutions.
(8) Writing a few lines with other hand interrupts rebalancing the two hemispheres of the brain.

Answer:
(1) True
(2) False
(3) True
(4) False
(5) True
(6) False
(7) True
(8) FalseIn simple words: This section tests understanding of stress relief techniques, specifically meditation, breathing, mental exercises, and physical activities, by asking to identify true or false statements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read each statement and compare it with the factual information provided in the preceding content. Pay close attention to keywords that might alter the meaning.

Vocabulary

Question 1. Circle the word that is different from the other three words.
(1) tangled - (intertwined) - tizz - confused
(2) tranquility - calmness - serenity - (restlessness)
(3) anticipating - foresee - predict - (evaluate)
(4) retrieve rescue - salvage - (evade)
(5) crisis - crunch - deadlock - (breakthrough)

Answer:
(1) tangled - intertwined - tizz - confused. The different word is: **tizz** (All others are synonyms for being entangled or perplexed, while 'tizz' implies agitation or nervousness).
(2) tranquility - calmness - serenity - restlessness. The different word is: **restlessness** (All others are synonyms for peace, while 'restlessness' is its antonym).
(3) anticipating - foresee - predict - evaluate. The different word is: **evaluate** (All others are synonyms for predicting or looking ahead, while 'evaluate' means to assess).
(4) retrieve rescue - salvage - evade. The different word is: **evade** (All others are synonyms for saving or recovering, while 'evade' means to escape or avoid).
(5) crisis - crunch - deadlock - breakthrough. The different word is: **breakthrough** (All others are synonyms for a difficult or critical situation, while 'breakthrough' implies a significant advancement or solution).In simple words: This exercise requires identifying the word that does not fit the semantic group, distinguishing between synonyms and an outlier in each set.

🎯 Exam Tip: To identify the different word, first determine the common meaning or relationship among three words, then select the one that does not share that relationship.

Question 2. Each group of four words contains two words that are either synonyms or antonyms. Circle these two words; then circle the if they are synonyms, and A if they are antonyms.

No.
1.	luxurious	frantic	rustic	anxious	S	A
2.	bountiful	lovely	shameful	dreadful	S	A
3.	consequence	outcome	outlook	euphoria	S	A
4.	circuit	hectic	catastrophe	crisis	S	A
5.	elation	corrosion	solution	desolation	S	A
6.	idealism	optimism	pessimism	optimum	S	A
7.	serenity	severity	sincerity	tranquility	S	A

Answer:

No.	Word 1	Word 2	Word 3	Word 4	Synonym (S) / Antonym (A)
1.	luxurious	**frantic**	rustic	**anxious**	S
2.	**bountiful**	lovely	shameful	dreadful	S
3.	**consequence**	**outcome**	outlook	euphoria	S
4.	circuit	hectic	**catastrophe**	**crisis**	S
5.	**elation**	corrosion	solution	**desolation**	A
6.	idealism	**optimism**	**pessimism**	optimum	A
7.	**serenity**	severity	sincerity	**tranquility**	S

In simple words: This table categorizes pairs of words as either synonyms (S) or antonyms (A) based on their relationship, helping to expand vocabulary and understand word meanings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on precise word meanings. If unsure, test relationships by substituting words in simple sentences to confirm if they convey similar or opposite ideas.

Choose The Best Answer In Light Of The Bold Word In Question.

Question 1. When do you get shattered ?
(a) after the whole day's office work
(b) after watching a funny movie
(c) before thinking a lot
(d) while working on a computer

Answer: (a) after the whole day's office workIn simple words: You feel shattered, meaning extremely tired or exhausted, after a full day of work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose the option that best reflects the intense exhaustion implied by "shattered," typically associated with demanding activities like a long workday.

Question 2. Which of the following is in reference to the word half ?
(a) cranial bones
(b) landscape
(c) hemisphere
(d) cerebrospinal

Answer: (c) hemisphereIn simple words: The term "half" in this context refers to a hemisphere, which is half of a sphere, often used in geographical or anatomical descriptions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the context of the question; "half" in a scientific or anatomical sense often refers to a hemisphere.

Question 3. When do you feel that your day is hectic ?
(a) when you have a lot of leisure time
(b) when you can't relax
(c) when people don't cooperate with you
(d) when you are travelling to a hill station

Answer: (b) when you can't relaxIn simple words: A hectic day is one where you are so busy and stressed that you are unable to relax.

🎯 Exam Tip: The feeling of a "hectic" day directly correlates with a lack of relaxation due to excessive activity or demands.

Question 4. Which of the following will you not like to have on your scalp ?
(a) tension
(b) hair
(c) hair-oil
(d) dandruff

Answer: (a) tensionIn simple words: Among the options, tension is something undesirable to have on your scalp, as it implies stress or discomfort.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the item that is a negative physical or mental state, distinguishing it from desirable or neutral scalp conditions.

Question 5. Which of the following processes, if dosen't take place in your mind, induces chances of your failing the exam ?
(a) tangling of information
(b) flicking of information
(c) retrieval of information
(d) drifting of information

Answer: (c) retrieval of informationIn simple words: If you cannot retrieve information from your memory, it significantly increases the likelihood of failing an exam.

🎯 Exam Tip: The ability to recall learned information (retrieval) is fundamental to exam success; without it, failure is highly probable.

Question 4. Underline the proper word from the brackets and indicate its place in the sentence.

Example: Our fishing lines got all when we were bringing them in. (tangled up, anticipated)

Answer: Our fishing lines got all **tangled up** when we were bringing them in.In simple words: This example shows how to choose the correct word from given options to complete a sentence logically and grammatically.

🎯 Exam Tip: Select the word that best fits the context and meaning of the sentence, paying attention to common phrases and collocations.

Question 1. The early death of his business partner due to overwork has given him a new on life. (perspective, flick)

Answer: The early death of his business partner due to overwork has given him a new **perspective** on life.In simple words: A significant event like a partner's death can provide a new way of looking at life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose the word that indicates a change in viewpoint or understanding, fitting the context of a life-altering event.

Question 2. I sometimes events in the future in my dreams, (resilience, anticipate)

Answer: I sometimes **anticipate** events in the future in my dreams.In simple words: This means one sometimes foresees future events while dreaming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Select the verb that means to expect or predict, which is "anticipate," to correctly describe foreseeing events.

Question 3. I could not fix the bug in the programming code so I sent the task to my in America. (hemisphere, counterpart)

Answer: I could not fix the bug in the programming code so I sent the task to my **counterpart** in America.In simple words: When a problem cannot be solved locally, it is given to a person holding a similar position in another location.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Counterpart" refers to someone in a similar role or position, making it the appropriate choice for delegating a task to an equivalent colleague in another country.

Question 4. Studies have shown that optimists generally live longer than, (pessimists, hectic)

Answer: Studies have shown that optimists generally live longer than **pessimists**.In simple words: Research suggests that people with an optimistic outlook typically have a longer lifespan compared to those with a pessimistic outlook.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests understanding of contrasting terms; "pessimists" is the direct opposite of "optimists," fitting the comparative context.

Question 5. Can you the light off when you leave the room? (retrieve, flick)

Answer: Can you **flick** the light off when you leave the room?In simple words: The action of quickly turning a switch to turn off a light is described by "flick."

🎯 Exam Tip: "Flick" is the most appropriate verb to describe quickly turning a switch, fitting the common idiom for controlling lights.

Question 5. Improve each of these sentences by crossing out the phrase in bold and replacing it with a word/phrase given in the list.
(cerebrospinal fluids, irrational, hemisphere, cranial bones, tizz, exam nerves, flick)

Example : The United States is in the northern half of the sphere.

Answer: The United States is in the northern **hemisphere**.

Question 1. Butterflies in the stomach and worrying thoughts are indications of fear that occur before or during test situations.

Answer: **Exam nerves** are indications of fear that occur before or during test situations.In simple words: "Exam nerves" is the correct term for the feeling of fear and worry experienced before or during tests, often manifesting as a physical sensation like "butterflies in the stomach."

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose the replacement phrase that concisely and accurately captures the meaning of the bolded phrase, especially when it's a well-known idiom or specific term.

Question 2. He dismissed the secretary with a sudden and quick movement of his fingers.

Answer: He dismissed the secretary with a **flick** of his fingers.In simple words: He dismissed the secretary with a quick, abrupt gesture of his fingers.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Flick" precisely describes a swift, abrupt movement, making it an excellent replacement for "sudden and quick movement of his fingers."

Question 3. The sudden attack with a metal rod broke the top portion of the skull of the soldier.

Answer: The sudden attack with a metal rod broke the **cranial bones** of the soldier.In simple words: The soldier's skull bones were broken by a sudden attack with a metal rod.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Cranial bones" is the precise anatomical term for "top portion of the skull," enhancing clarity and accuracy.

Question 4. There are four cavities in the brain which are filled with brain and spinal cord liquid.

Answer: There are four cavities in the brain which are filled with **cerebrospinal fluids**.In simple words: The brain's four cavities contain cerebrospinal fluid, an essential fluid for its function.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Cerebrospinal fluids" is the correct scientific term for the liquid found in the brain and spinal cord, making it the most accurate replacement.

Question 5. My mind is all in an excited state of agitation.

Answer: My mind is all in a **tizz**.In simple words: My mind is in a state of confusion or agitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Tizz" is a colloquial term for a state of agitation or excitement, effectively replacing "excited state of agitation."

Question 6. I cannot have a well-grounded discussion with my delusional aunt.

Answer: I cannot have a **rational** discussion with my delusional aunt.In simple words: It's difficult to have a sensible discussion with someone who has delusions.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Rational" implies discussions based on reason and logic, which would be difficult with someone described as "delusional," making it the precise replacement.

Question 6. Match 'A' with 'B' and frame a sentence using both of these words.

No.	'A'	'B'	Make sentences of your own
1.	impose	to	I do not like to impose my ideas upon others.
2.	take	on	The manager took us around the production house.
3.	lead	upon	Nobody knows where this narrow path leads to.
4.	based	down	The whole theory of stress is based on anticipating false ideas.
5.	swim	in	In his village he swims in a small pond.
6.	let	around	He made several efforts to let me down, but could not succeed.

In simple words: This activity involves pairing words from two columns ('A' and 'B') to create new phrases, and then using those phrases in original sentences to demonstrate understanding of their combined meaning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on creating grammatically correct and meaningful sentences that clearly incorporate both words from columns 'A' and 'B', ensuring the context is appropriate.

Function

(Talking about people / places in relation to something/someone.)

Question 1. Read out this conversation and the passages. Observe the words printed in bold.
(A) Aarushi: Hey Sneha, look at those bangles in that imitation jewellery shop.
Sneha : Wow! They are indeed wonderful.
Aarushi: They have **the same** golden glitter **as** real gold ornaments have. How would they look on the hands of my mom?
Sneha : Oh ... nice. So, are you thinking of your mamma's choice?
Aarushi: You are right, Sneha. **Unlike** me, my mamma doesn't prefer imitation jewellery.
Sneha: But look at the shape and design **as well**. They have **the same** traditional design **as** the old ones your mom has.
These bangles are **in no way different from** your mamma's choice.
Aarushi: That's quite true. Let me buy it for my mom.
Sneha: Surely, she will be happy to have them.
Aarushi: Yes, I agree. Our views are quite **alike**.
(B) Hello friends, me introduce this chap to you. He is our new classmate. He has taken up **the same** course of study **as** I did. He lives in **the same** house **as** I do. It's of **the same** size, the same colour, **the same** look but with a **different** style. He doesn't like **the same** song **as** I do. **Unlike** me, he is always much worried about his career. I am a carefree person. He is also **the same** aggressive and bold person **as** I am. Don't get surprised, we are twin-brothers. Now, clap for Jitesh and Mitesh.
(C) Let's compare the teachers we know in the school. Mr Mehta who teaches English is **almost the same age as** Mr Bhatt, the economics teacher. Mr Mehta's personality is quite **different from** that of Mr Bhatt. They are both good teachers and in that respect they are **alike**, but Mr Mehta participates **more** in social activities **than** Mr Bhatt does. He doesn't work **as hard as** Mr Bhatt. Mr Mehta works **like** a snail. Mr Shah **differs from** both of them. Mr Shah's social interests are **the same as** Mr Mehta's but he doesn't like to mix with strangers. **Unlike** Mr Mehta, Mr Shah avoids attending functions outside town.In simple words: This section presents conversations and passages that highlight various expressions used to show similarities (e.g., "the same as," "alike") and differences (e.g., "unlike," "different from," "more than," "as hard as") between people or things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the bolded words and phrases, as they are key indicators of comparison and contrast. Understanding these expressions is crucial for analyzing relationships in texts.

Question 2. Notice the use of expressions showing similarities and differences between people and things. From F. 1 (A), (B), (C) analyze and write down similar expressions as shown in these examples.
Examples:

Question 1. Mr Mehta's personality is quite different from that of Mr Bhatt.

Answer: The reading interests of my sister are quite different from mine.In simple words: This example illustrates how to express a significant contrast between two people's personalities or preferences.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using "quite different from," ensure the comparison highlights a clear distinction between the two subjects.

Question 2. But these bangles aren't the same as your mom has.

Answer: Ishant Sharma's batting skill isn't the same as that of Virat Kohli.In simple words: This example demonstrates how to state that two items or skills are not identical.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "isn't the same as" to clearly indicate a lack of exact correspondence or equality between two entities.

Question 3. Unlike Mr Mehta, Mr Shah avoids attending functions outside town. Travelling is Mr Mehta's hobby.

Answer: Unlike me, my mamma doesn't prefer imitation jewellery.In simple words: This example shows how to use "unlike" to highlight a difference in preferences or habits between two individuals.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using "unlike," ensure the contrasting element is clearly stated to highlight a specific difference between two subjects.

 

Question 3. Construct sentences demonstrating comparisons of equality and inequality.
Answer:The primary instruction of this game is to observe classmates and objects to formulate sentences of both equal and unequal comparisons.
(1) Mahi's skill in playing cricket is equivalent to Kohli's.
(2) Similar to the River Ganga, the Brahmaputra also experiences floods twice.
(3) Trump's oath-taking ceremony was almost identical to Barack Obama's.
(4) Unlike tropical countries, polar regions experience less warmth.
(5) Not all classical singers are the same as M.S.
(6) The physical capability of a man differs from that of a woman.
(7) A European's complexion is similar to an American's.
(8) The views of two businessmen regarding earning money are alike.
(9) Although a horse and donkey appear similar, they are different from each other.
In simple words: This section provides examples of how to create comparative sentences, either highlighting similarities or differences between various subjects, as part of a classroom activity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding and applying comparative structures is key. Focus on using a variety of comparative expressions (e.g., 'the same as', 'different from', 'similar to', 'unlike') effectively to articulate both likenesses and distinctions in your writing.

 

Question 4. Observe the two given pictures and identify their similarities and differences.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह दो चित्र अलग-अलग घरों के बैठक कक्ष (ड्रॉइंग-रूम) को दर्शाते हैं। दोनों चित्रों में फर्नीचर और सजावट की व्यवस्था में समानताएं और अंतर हैं, जिससे छात्रों को तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण करने का अवसर मिलता है।
Answer:These images display the drawing-rooms of various houses. While the houses are likely similar in size, the layout and arrangement of furniture in one drawing-room significantly differ from the other. Although the furniture items themselves are alike, their placement creates distinct arrangements. For instance, the arrangement in drawing-room - 2 appears to be superior compared to drawing-room - 1.
In simple words: The task involves comparing two images of living rooms to note what makes them similar and what makes them different, especially concerning their layout and furniture.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing visual information, pay attention to specific details and use precise descriptive language to articulate observed similarities and differences. This demonstrates strong observational and analytical skills.

 

Question 5. Construct meaningful sentences by joining the phrases from columns A, B, and C.
Answer:
(1) My house is at the same distance from the school as that of your house.
(2) Unlike Ankleshwar, Anand is not an industrial city.
(3) My opinion in this matter is similar to your opinion.
(4) Unlike the lazy Mr Sharma, Mr Rawal is very hard-working.
(5) The sweetness of Vina's voice is almost the same as the voice of Lata Mangeshkar.
In simple words: The exercise requires combining sentence fragments from three columns to form complete, logically coherent sentences.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on grammatical correctness and logical flow when combining phrases. Ensure the completed sentence conveys a clear and sensible meaning.

 

Question 6. Insert 'as' in the correct position within the following sentences.
Answer:
(1) My mother has the same car as my father has.
(2) I think that your sister is the same age as that of Monika.
(3) This is the same bike as you bought me.
(4) Jahid is the same clever little boy as his father.
(5) This is the same as the dress I wanted to buy last week.
(6) This is the same computer as that one.
In simple words: The goal is to correctly place the word 'as' in each sentence to complete the comparative structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to comparative structures like "the same as" or "as... as". Correct placement of 'as' is crucial for grammatical accuracy in comparisons.

 

Question. Describe similarities and differences between common classroom items.
Answer:
(Example) My pen differs from Aarif's.
(1) The two blackboards in the classroom are distinct from each other in size.
(2) The chairs in the classroom are alike.
(3) The desks in the classroom are nearly identical to one another.
(4) The painting on the wall differs from another.
(5) One window of the classroom is almost the same as the other.
(6) The front door of the classroom is not the same as the rear one.
(7) Since students purchase notebooks from various brands, they are not all identical.
In simple words: This activity involves identifying and articulating the likenesses and distinctions among everyday objects found in a classroom setting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use a variety of comparative vocabulary (e.g., 'different from', 'alike', 'almost similar', 'not the same as') to accurately describe observations and score well on descriptive tasks.

 

Question 8. Write a description comparing specific items or people based on given points.
Answer:
(1) The school at present and the school you attended last year: Last year, I attended a different school. The building of that previous school was small, as it was a primary institution, whereas this current school has a large building. The number of students in the former school was fewer, while the current school has more students. The playground in the primary school was small, but the present school's playground is large. Previously, my home was located close to the school, but now, after relocating, the school is quite far.
In simple words: This answer contrasts my current school with my previous one, highlighting differences in size, student count, playground area, and distance from home.

🎯 Exam Tip: When making comparisons, use clear contrasting words and phrases. Structure your description logically by addressing each comparison point (e.g., building, number of students) individually for clarity and coherence.

 

Question. Find out similarities and differences between the appearances of you and someone in your class with respect to the following features: height - strength - weight, carefulness, complexion - punctuality, colour/type of hair - friendliness, colour / size of eyes - determination.
Answer:Dhanish is my friend, and we are classmates. His hair is as curly as mine, but his eyes are not browner than mine. His complexion is fairer than mine. I do not achieve very good marks, but he does. I am taller than he is, yet I am not as strong as he is. His weight is more than mine. I am not as meticulous in my work as he is. We are both very punctual. In terms of friendliness, we are alike. He achieves the first rank in class due to his determination, a quality I do not possess to the same extent.
In simple words: This answer compares my physical and personal traits with my friend Dhanish, pointing out both similarities (like punctuality, hair curl) and differences (like height, strength, academic performance, determination).

🎯 Exam Tip: For comparative descriptions, provide specific examples or statements for each feature being compared. Use precise adjectives and adverbs to clearly illustrate the similarities and differences.

 

Question 8. (3) Write a short paragraph pointing out the similarities between: (a) A man and a tree
Answer:Both man and tree are living organisms. They both respire, and just as a man grows, so does a tree. Both require sustenance and sunlight for their continued existence.
In simple words: Men and trees are similar because both are living, grow, breathe, and need nourishment and sunlight to survive.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying similarities, focus on fundamental biological or functional aspects that both entities share. Use concise language to articulate these common traits.

 

Question 8. (3) Write a short paragraph pointing out the similarities between: (b) An earthmover and an elephant
Answer:The elephant is a large animal. In many countries, including India, elephants are used to lift and transport heavy loads, such as weighty logs of wood, and to carry loads on their backs. Similarly, earthmovers also lift and shift substantial loads from one location to another. Thus, they share a similarity in the type of work they perform.
In simple words: Both elephants and earthmovers are used to lift and move heavy items, showing a functional similarity in their tasks.

🎯 Exam Tip: For object comparisons, focus on their primary functions and how they achieve similar outcomes, even if their forms are vastly different.

 

Question 8. (3) Write a short paragraph pointing out the similarities between: (c) A mobile phone and a TV
Answer:In the contemporary world, both mobile phones and televisions have become essential. A mobile phone, when connected to the internet, functions almost identically to a TV. Both devices provide information. With appropriate equipment, data can be stored on both. We can watch films, series, and other content on both TV and mobile phones. Both are excellent sources of entertainment.
In simple words: Mobile phones with internet and TVs are similar as both are essential, provide information, store data with proper equipment, and serve as entertainment sources for watching various media.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing modern devices, highlight their converged functionalities, especially how technology allows them to perform similar tasks despite their original design differences.

Writing

 

Question 1. We all feel stressed nowadays but the reasons are different. Think about the reasons that give you stress.
Answer:I experience stress because:
(1) I woke up late yesterday and couldn't reach school on time.
(2) I had not completed my homework assigned by the mathematics teacher.
(3) I woke up late, consequently missing my regular bus.
(4) I disobeyed my parents and neglected to follow their instructions.
(5) I am consistently under stress when operating my vehicle.
In simple words: Stress arises from various daily situations like being late for school, incomplete homework, missing transport, disobeying parents, or feeling tense while driving.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing causes of stress, ensure clarity and conciseness for each point. Providing a range of examples demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

 

Question 2. There is an elocution competition on 'Benefits of Positive Attitude' in your school. Prepare a speech for it.
Answer:Honorable judges, ladies, gentlemen, and my dear friends, standing at the foot of a mountain with the firm conviction, 'I can climb this mountain,' embodies positive thinking. A positive attitude offers numerous advantages. Our life is enriched with it. If we wish to overcome challenges, a positive attitude assists us in easily conquering life's darker aspects. It fosters optimism, helps us avoid worries and predominantly negative thoughts. It brings about constructive changes when adopted, making us happier, brighter, and more successful. A positive attitude encourages us to work diligently and treat others kindly. It contributes to longevity, eliminates negative work, and enhances decision-making quality. We become more resilient in the face of stress, challenges, and adversity. Maintaining a broader perspective in life aids in clearly identifying solutions. We cultivate an attitude of gratitude towards people and a sense of appreciation. This helps athletes achieve high levels of performance, increases friendships, brings happiness, and garners support from others. In this way, a positive attitude helps lead a brighter and more fulfilling life.
In simple words: A positive attitude is crucial for overcoming challenges, fostering optimism, promoting happiness, improving relationships, and enhancing overall success and well-being in life.

🎯 Exam Tip: For a speech, structure your points logically with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Use persuasive language and provide clear benefits to support your theme, ensuring a strong and impactful delivery.

 

Question 3. Your brother got stressed due to approaching examination of class ten. Write a letter advising him on stress management using the points in the poster.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक तनाव प्रबंधन (स्ट्रेस मैनेजमेंट) पोस्टर है जिसमें 'साहस' (Courage), 'जिम्मेदारी' (Responsibility), 'जागरूकता' (Awareness), 'संतुलन' (Balance), 'शारीरिक गतिविधि' (Physical Activity) और 'लचीलापन' (Flexibility) जैसे प्रमुख तत्वों को दर्शाया गया है। यह '1. टालो 2. बदलो 3. अपनाओ 4. स्वीकारो' (1. Avoid 2. Alter 3. Adapt 4. Accept) के चार चरणों वाली रणनीति भी बताता है, जो तनाव को प्रभावी ढंग से प्रबंधित करने के लिए आवश्यक है। Abhinav Society, Maninagar, Ahmedabad - 380 008. 20 January, 2018 Dear Santosh, I hope you are in good health. I learned about your upcoming exams. Examinations are a necessary evil that causes tension. However, we must manage stress effectively. We need to accept the challenge and adapt ourselves to the situation by adjusting our mindset. It is best to avoid negative thoughts. We must balance our thinking and prioritize events that will lead to success in our future life. Our thought process should be flexible so that we can easily adapt to existing situations. We should cultivate awareness that exams are an essential part of life. Every step in life tests us with some examination. We must be physically and mentally prepared for it. Courage is vital in this journey. I hope you understand the seriousness of achieving success in your forthcoming exam. With much love and blessings, Yours affectionately, Punit.
In simple words: This letter advises a brother on managing exam stress by encouraging a balanced, flexible, and positive mindset, emphasizing accepting challenges and adapting to situations to achieve success.

🎯 Exam Tip: For letter writing tasks, maintain a clear, supportive tone and logically integrate the given points (from the poster in this case) into your advice. Ensure correct letter format and clear expression of ideas.

Stress Control Exercises Summary In Gujarati

પરિચય આ જ Unitના Read 1માં તણાવને પ્રબંધિત - નિયંત્રિત કરવો જરૂરી છે અનિવાર્ય છે એ અંગે જાણ્યું. હવે આ Read 2 માં stress Control માટે કેટલીક કવાયતો આપવામાં આવી છે, તેમનો અભ્યાસ કરો અને શક્ય ત્યાં સુધી અમલમાં મૂકવા પ્રયાસ કરો.

Glossary (શબ્દાર્થ)

Word	Meaning
symbolise (v.) (સિમ્બલાઈઝ)	represent, stand for – પ્રતીક સ્વરૂપે રજૂ કરવું, -ના બદલામાં વપરાવું
harmony (n.) (હાર્મની) (here)	peace, agreement – (અહીં) શાંતિ, સાનુકૂળતા
tranquility (n.) (ટ્રેન્ક્વીલીટી)	relaxation, calmness, peace of mind - ૨હત, માનસિક શાંતિ
serenity (n.) (સિરેનિટિ)	peace, calmness – શાંતિ
meditate (v.) (મેડિટેટ)	think, reflect – ગહનતાથી વિચારવું
visualise (v.) (વિઝુઅલાઈઝ)	view, realise – માનસિક ચિત્ર ઊભું કરવું, ખ્યાલ બાંધવો
illustrate (v.) (ઈલસ્ટ્રેટ)	clarify or explain -સ્પષ્ટ કરવું, સમજાવવું
explore (v.) (ઈક્સપ્લોર)	examine, search–તપાસ કરવી
texture (n.) (ટેક્સચર)	physical composition, structure - વસ્તુનું સંઘટન, રચના
navel (n.) (નેવલ)	belly button, stomach - ડુંટી, નાભિ, પેટ
cranial (adj.) (ક્રેનિઅલ)	relating to skull–ખોપડીને લગતું
cerebrospinal (adj.) (સેરેબ્રોસ્પાઈનલ)	of or relating to the brain and spinal cord-મગજ તથા કરોડરજ્જુનું અથવા તેમને લગતું
fluid (n.) (ફ્લુઈડ) (here)	liquid from glands-(અહીં) ગ્રંથિમાંથી થતો સ્રાવ
crown pull (n.) (ક્રાઉન પુલ)	– (અહીં) શ્વાસને ઉપરની તરફ ખેંચવો તે
scalp (n.) (સ્કલ્પ)	the skin covering the top of the human head– માથા પરની (ટાલની) ચામડી

ભાષાંતર

લધુ ધ્યાન 1:

• સુખદાયક સ્થિતિમાં આવી અને આંખો બંધ કરો.

• તમને જે શબ્દ ‘શાંતિ' (અક્ષુબ્ધતા) રજૂ કરતો હોય તે શબ્દ પસંદ કરો : "સાનુકૂળતા' (સંવાદિતા), ‘માનસિક સ્વસ્થતા’, ‘ગંભીરતા’, 'શાંતિ', 'રાહત’.

• પસંદ કરાયેલા શબ્દ પર ધ્યાન કેન્દ્રિત કરો (ચિંતન કરો.). આ શબ્દ સાથે સંકળાયેલ દશ્યો(બાબતો)ની મનોમન કલ્પના કરો કે આ (શાંતિ) શબ્દને સ્પષ્ટ કરતી હોય તેવું માનસિક ચિત્ર તૈયાર કરો. જો તમે તમારી અંદર સંવાદિતા કે માનસિક શાંતિનો અનુભવ કરો, તો કેવો અહેસાસ થાય એવી કલ્પના કરવામાં પણ તમે થોડોક સમય ગાળી શકો.

• ફરી તમારી આંખો ખોલી દો.

લઘુ ધ્યાન 2:

• ડ્રેસનું કાપડ, પથ્થર, લાકડાનો ટુકડો કે તમને ગમે તે કોઈ પણ એક પદાર્થ લો.

• આંખો બંધ કરીને આ પદાર્થની રચના (ચોમેર) સ્પર્શ કરી તપાસો.

આમ લગભગ 2 મિનિટ કરતા રહો. તમારા મગજને વિશેષ પ્રાણવાયુ આપો (ઊર્જાવાન બનાવો): તણાવયુક્ત રહેવા અને યોગ્ય રીતે ધ્યાન કેન્દ્રિત કરવા માટે અસમર્થ હોવાની અર્ધી સમસ્યા તો તમારા મગજને પૂરતા પ્રમાણમાં પ્રાણવાયુ મળે એ રીતે તમે ઊંડો શ્વાસ લેતા નથી એ છે. જ્યારે આપણે તણાવમાં હોઈએ ત્યારે આપણા ફેફસાંનો માત્ર ઉપરના ભાગનો ઉપયોગ કરીને કાં તો આપણે શ્વાસ રોકી રાખવા અથવા ઉપરછલ્લો શ્વાસ લેવા ટેવાયેલા છીએ. ઊંડા શ્વાસ લઈને પ્રાણવાયુને છેક મગજની અંદર સુધી પહોંચતો કરવા માટે બે મિનિટ

• એકાદ ક્ષણ માટે હાથની હથેળીઓને ભેગા કરી ઘસો.

• નાભિની નીચેના ભાગમાં તમારી એક હથેળીની ઉપર બીજી | (હથેળી) મૂકો.

• દરેક શ્વાસે તમારી હથેળીઓ ઊંચી થાય એ રીતે સભાનતાપૂર્વક તમારા પેટમાં શ્વાસ ભરો (અને કાઢો).

• તમારા મગજમાં પ્રાણવાયુ જઈ રહ્યો છે, તેવી કલ્પના કરો. ક્રાઉન પુલ (શ્વાસને ઉપરની તરફ ખેંચવો) : જ્યારે આપણે શ્વાસ લઈએ છીએ ત્યારે ખોપડીનાં હાડકાંમાં અતિ સૂક્ષ્મ એવી હલચલ થતી હોય છે, જેને પરિણામે કરોડ અને ખોપડીમાં | (મગજના ભાગમાં) મગજ તથા કરોડ માટે થતો સાવ છૂટથી થવા લાગે છે. જ્યારે તણાવમાં હોઈએ કે અશાંત હોઈએ ત્યારે આપણે

• તમારી ટચૂકડી આંગળીઓ આગળના ભાગે વાળની કોરને અડેતે રીતે કાંસકાની જેમ ફેલાવી તમારા બંને હાથ તમારા માથાના ઉપરના ભાગે રાખો. તમારા તાલુકા પર જોરથી દબાવો અને બંને હાથે બહારની તરફ (વાળ) હોળતા હો તે રીતે મધ્યભાગમાંથી તમારી આંગળીઓને હટાવી લો. ‘ નો

• હવે, માથાના મધ્યભાગથી થોડેક ઉપર તમારા હાથને આ જ રીતે મૂકો અને ઉપરોક્ત પ્રક્રિયા પુનરાવર્તિત કરો.

• ફરી એક વાર તમારા હાથને હજુય માથાના પાછળના ભાગમાં ઉપરની તરફ મૂકો અને ઉપરોક્ત પ્રક્રિયા દોહરાવો.

ડાનસિક સ્વસ્થતાના અન્ય ઉપાયોઃ

• તમને ગમતું સંગીત ચાલુ કરો અને રૂમમાં નાચો. આ સર્જનાત્મક પ્રવૃત્તિ મગજના જમણા ભાગને કવાયત પૂરી પાડે છે અને તમારા મનને પુનર્જતુલિત કરે છે.

• એક માછલીઘર લો અને નિરાંતે તરતી માછલીઓને નિહાળો. આ તમારા મનને શાંત પાડશે.

• તમારી તમામ ચિંતાઓ એક કાગળ પર લખી નાખો. કાગળ પર લખી કાઢતાં તે તમારા મનમાંથી નીકળી જશે.