GSEB Class 11 Solutions Unit 7 Read 2 First Aid

Comprehension

Question 1. Suppose you are given the job of collecting necessary things for a 'first aid box'. What you will collect and include in it. Discuss with a friends.
Answer: For a first aid box, one should assemble essential items such as cotton, cotton pads, various straps, antiseptic soap, antiseptic cream, Dettol, Burnol, Iodex, some basic first aid medications, and a pair of scissors.
In simple words: A first aid kit needs cotton, bandages, antiseptic items, some common medicines, and scissors.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to list a comprehensive set of items suitable for general first aid, showing practical understanding.

2. Pick out the correct options:

Question 1. It is very essential that an injured person receives first aid because...
(A) those who don't receive first aid die.
(B) different wounds are treated differently.
(C) early treatment of any injured person generally makes sure he is safe.
(D) it makes the injured person comfortable.
Answer: (C) Early treatment of any injured person generally ensures their safety.
In simple words: Immediate first aid helps keep an injured person safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the primary benefit of first aid, which is the timely stabilization and safety of the injured individual.

 

Question 2. In case of severe burns, ...
(A) give the injured person a lot of water to drink.
(B) put off giving water to the injured person.
(C) giving water to the injured person is unadvisable.
(D) pouring a lot of water helps hydrate the injured person.
Answer: (D) Pouring a large quantity of water helps in hydrating the injured person.
In simple words: For severe burns, apply plenty of water to hydrate the affected area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the specific first aid protocol for severe burns, which often involves cooling the affected area with water.

 

Question 3. Squeeze the nose between your thumb and forefinger in case of nosebleeds.
(A) True
(B) False
(C) Sometimes true
(D) False in some cases
Answer: (A) True
In simple words: Yes, it's correct to pinch the nose in case of a nosebleed.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests basic knowledge of common first aid techniques. Knowing direct actions for simple injuries is key.

 

Question 4. It is necessary to wash the injured areas properly with antiseptic soap and water in case of...
(A) burns and bruises
(B) cuts and bite wounds
(C) sprains and bleeds
(D) snake bite and nosebleeds
Answer: (B) cuts and bite wounds
In simple words: Cleaning with antiseptic soap and water is crucial for cuts and bites.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between different types of injuries and their appropriate initial cleaning procedures in first aid.

 

Question 5. A tourniquet helps in .......flow.
(A) reducing blood
(B) complementing blood
(C) general blood
(D) increasing blood
Answer: (A) reducing blood
In simple words: A tourniquet helps to slow down or stop blood flow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the primary function of a tourniquet in emergency situations, which is to control severe bleeding.

 

3. Prepare a check list for every type of injury.

Burns:
(1) Keep the injured person comfortable.
(2) Transport the injured person to a hospital as quickly as possible.
(3) Offer a large quantity of water to drink.
Cuts and Bruises:
(1) Thoroughly clean the wound with antiseptic soap and fresh water.
(2) Apply a thick gauze pad over cotton to the wound and press until bleeding ceases.
(3) Apply antiseptic cream and then cover the wound with a bandage.
(4) If necessary, tie a tourniquet above the wound on the arm or leg.
Sprains:
(1) Utilize icepacks to reduce swelling.
(2) Avoid moving the affected joint.
(3) Apply a type of bandage to support the joint and restrict movement.
(4) Secure splints both above and below the joint for stabilization.
Fractures:
(1) Do not move the injured person.
(2) Place an icepack on the injured area to minimize swelling.
(3) Use splints to prevent the broken bone from shifting.
(4) Seek medical attention from a doctor immediately.
Bite wounds:
(1) Cleanse the wound with soap and water.
(2) Take the patient to a medical professional without delay.
(3) For a venomous snake bite, ensure the victim remains still.
(4) Position the bitten area below the heart level while the person lies down.
Nosebleeds:
(1) Instruct the patient to lean slightly forward and breathe through their mouth.
(2) Pinch the nose between the thumb and forefinger until the bleeding stops.
In simple words: This list provides specific first aid steps for different injuries like burns, cuts, sprains, fractures, bites, and nosebleeds, emphasizing comfort, cleaning, stabilization, and seeking professional help.

🎯 Exam Tip: When preparing a checklist, ensure clarity and sequence of steps for each injury type, covering immediate care and when to seek medical help.

 

Question 4. Rita keeps getting hurt again and again. Read what Rita is saying and guess what happened to her that day. You may have more than one answer.
Answer: Based on the statements, we can infer the following about Rita's day:
"My friend gave me a lot of water and took me to the hospital."
"I think Rita had severe burns."
"Rohit is very good at tying a tourniquet. I will keep this in mind for next time."
"I think Rita had a deep cut on her hand or leg."
"I think Samira was grabbing the chance to pinch nose and hurt me!! I don't like her."
"I think Rita had severe nosebleeding."
"My friend made me lie down and stay comfortable."
"I think Rita had a venomous snake bite."
Given these, Rita likely experienced **severe burns** (taken to hospital, given water) and potentially a **deep cut on her hand or leg** that might have required a tourniquet. Also, she might have had **severe nosebleeding** given the mention of Samira pinching her nose. The snake bite is a possibility if the lying down and comfort were related to it.
In simple words: Rita likely suffered from severe burns, a deep cut that needed a tourniquet, and possibly a nosebleed based on the provided statements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analyze each statement for clues related to common injuries and their first aid, making logical connections between the provided text and possible scenarios.

 

Question 5. State whether true or false:
(1) All Injuries can more or less be treated in the same way. – False
(2) In case of bite wounds, make sure you know what has bitten the injured person. – True
(3) A tourniquet is used in case of fractures. – False
(4) A splint is used in case of cuts and wounds. – False
(5) Bind any wound only with gauze and medical or sterilized bandages. – True
(6) Make sure that only a trained medical person provides first aid to the victim. – False
Answer:
(1) All injuries cannot be treated in the same manner. - False
(2) When dealing with bite wounds, it is important to identify what caused the bite. - True
(3) A tourniquet is not used for fractures. - False
(4) A splint is not typically used for simple cuts and wounds. - False
(5) Wounds should exclusively be covered with gauze and sterile or medical bandages. - True
(6) It is not required that only a trained medical professional administer first aid to a victim. - False
In simple words: Different injuries need different treatments, identifying the source of a bite is important, tourniquets are not for fractures, splints are not for minor cuts, sterile bandages are best for wounds, and anyone can provide basic first aid.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately identifying true/false statements requires precise knowledge of first aid protocols and understanding the specific applications of different tools and techniques.

Vocabulary

1. Tick mark the word which can be best replaced with the underlined words:
(1) The hotter the food Is. the more molecules will be released while chewing.
[ ] properties
[ ] element
Answer: The word "molecules" is used correctly as it refers to particles released from food. No replacement is provided.

 

(2) Bees buzzed around the aromatic apple blossoms.
[ ] fetid
[✓] fragrant
[ ] burning
[ ] garlic
Answer: (✓) fragrant (The word "aromatic" can be replaced by "fragrant".)

 

(3) With the help of olfaction system. we may have the rich savour of the tasty dishes.
[✓] Sense of smell
[ ] Sense of sight
[ ] Sense of touch
[ ] Sense of hearing
Answer: (✓) Sense of smell (The "olfaction system" refers to the sense of smell.)

 

(4) Our varieties of beverages Include Jaijeera aamras, etc.
[ ] tastes
[ ] smells
[✓] drinks
[ ] sniffs
Answer: (✓) drinks ("Beverages" are drinks.)

 

(5) This excellent time-saving contrivance has also been used In Gill's apparatus for speedy measurement.
[ ] contract
[ ] contrast
[✓] device
[ ] conspiracy
Answer: (✓) device ("Contrivance" can be replaced by "device".)

 

(6) Whether he arrives for the next meeting Is yet tentative.
[✓] uncertain
[ ] sensitive
[ ] tantalizing
[ ] fixed
Answer: (✓) uncertain ("Tentative" means uncertain.)

 

(7) This evidence points to the conjecture that they were part of Mediterranean race.
[✓] assumption
[ ] connective
[ ] doubt
Answer: (✓) assumption ("Conjecture" means an assumption or inference.)
In simple words: This section tests vocabulary, asking you to find synonyms or definitions for underlined words in sentences.

🎯 Exam Tip: When choosing synonyms, consider the context of the sentence to ensure the replacement word maintains the original meaning precisely.

 

2. Tick mark the word the most opposite in meaning:
(1) fragrant:
[ ] ambrosial
[ ] delectable
[ ] odoriferous
[✓] stinking
Answer: (✓) stinking (The opposite of "fragrant" is "stinking".)

 

(2) Immune:
[ ] protected
[ ] privileged
[ ] unaffected
[✓] receptive
Answer: (✓) receptive (The opposite of "immune" (protected/unaffected) is "receptive" (open to/affected by).)

 

(3) savoury:
[✓] distasteful
[ ] delicious
[ ] pleasing
[ ] yummy
Answer: (✓) distasteful (The opposite of "savoury" (pleasant-tasting) is "distasteful".)

 

(4) differentiate:
[ ] separate
[ ] discriminate
[✓] associate
[ ] extricate
Answer: (✓) associate (The opposite of "differentiate" (to distinguish between) is "associate" (to connect or group together).)

 

(5) acute:
[ ] Ingenious
[✓] imperceptive
[ ] sensitive
Answer: (✓) imperceptive (The opposite of "acute" (sharp, keen perception) is "imperceptive" (lacking keenness of perception).)
In simple words: This section focuses on antonyms, asking you to find words that mean the opposite of the given terms.

🎯 Exam Tip: For antonyms, consider all nuances of the given word and carefully select the option that represents its direct opposite in meaning.

 

3. Fill the blanks with the most appropriate words from the given four options:
(1) The olfactory Is not like the sense of touch. It contradicts the sense of sight and hearing as far as distance and close contact is concerned. (vision, contradicts. resembles, olfactory)
Answer: The **olfactory** system is distinct from the sense of touch. It **contradicts** the senses of sight and hearing regarding distance and close contact.
In simple words: Smell (olfactory) is different from touch and contrasts with how sight and hearing work over distances.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose words that fit both grammatically and contextually, especially when dealing with scientific or descriptive language.

 

(2) In humans, the sense of sight is far better than the sense of smell for long distance purposes. (sense of sight, sense of smell, sense of touch, sense of hearing)
Answer: In humans, the **sense of sight** is considerably superior to the **sense of smell** for long-distance perception.
In simple words: Humans use sight much better than smell to sense things far away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the comparative strengths of different human senses for various applications, such as long-distance perception.

 

(3) Olfactory capacity cannot be outdone by any contrivance. (machine, be outdone, replaced. olfactory)
Answer: Olfactory capacity cannot **be outdone** by any **contrivance**.
In simple words: The ability to smell cannot be surpassed by any invention.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify verbs and nouns that complete the sentence logically, ensuring they match the meaning of the surrounding context.

 

(4) When a person has cold, olfactory receptors deaden. So the person thinks that his sense of smell has decreased. (sense of taste,deaden, enlivens, sense of smell)
Answer: When a person experiences a cold, their olfactory receptors **deaden**, leading them to perceive that their **sense of smell** has diminished.
In simple words: A cold dulls (deadens) your smell receptors, making your sense of smell feel weaker.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relate common bodily functions and conditions (like a cold) to their effects on sensory organs and perceptions.

 

4. Fill the crossword boxes with the help of cross keys. The number of letters is mentioned in the brackets:

		A
1.	T	E	T	A	N	U	S
							T
2.	S	L	I	N	G
3.	F	I	R	S	T	A	I	D
4.	A	L	L	E	R	G	Y
5.	S	P	L	I	N	T
						T
6.	T	O	U	R	N	I	Q	U	E	T
7.	O	C	C	U	R

Across Keys:
1. A bacterial disease marked by rigidity and spasm of the voluntary muscles (7)
2. A flexible strap or belt used in the form of a loop to support or raise a hanging weight (5)
3. Help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available (5 + 3)
4. An uncomfortable bodily reaction caused by a substance (7)
5. A strip of rigid material used for supporting and immobilizing a broken bone when it has been set (6)
6. A cord or tight bandage to stop the flow of blood from a wound (10)
7. To happen, to take place (5)
Answer:
The crossword grid has been filled as follows:
1. TETANUS
2. SLING
3. FIRSTAID
4. ALLERGY
5. SPLINT
6. TOURNIQUET
7. OCCUR
In simple words: This crossword puzzle tests your knowledge of medical terms and common vocabulary related to first aid and bodily reactions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When solving crosswords, use the given definitions and letter counts to accurately identify and place the words, ensuring they fit both horizontally and vertically.

 

5. Match A – B and frame a sentence using both of those words:

Part A	Part B	Sentences
bite	olfactory	A bite from a venomous snake can lead to serious health problems.
first aid	tourniquet	Prompt first aid is crucial for an injured person.
injection	venomous	Tetanus injection is administered in cases of severe bleeding.
bleeding	injured person	Bleeding can be controlled with a tourniquet.
fragrant	sprains	A fragrant smell is detected by olfactory receptors.
splints	tetanus	Splints prevent movement in sprained joints.

Answer: The table provides matches between Part A and Part B and a sentence combining them:
- **Bite - Venomous:** A bite from a venomous snake can cause serious problems.
- **First aid - Injured person:** First aid is necessary for an injured person.
- **Injection - Tetanus:** An injection of Tetanus is given in case of severe bleeding.
- **Bleeding - Tourniquet:** Bleeding can be prevented by a tourniquet.
- **Fragrant - Olfactory:** Fragrant smell is sensed by olfactory receptors.
- **Splints - Sprains:** Splints prevent movements of joints in sprains.
In simple words: This exercise connects medical terms and concepts to form sentences, explaining their relationship.

🎯 Exam Tip: To effectively frame sentences, clearly define the relationship between the two matched words, ensuring grammatical correctness and contextual relevance.

 

6. Read the sentence and tick the option that best conveys its meaning:

Question 1. Use splints to make sure that the broken bone does not shift.
A. Splints support broken bones.
B. Splints keep the broken bones steady at their place.
C. Splints make sure the shift or broken bones.
Answer: (B) Splints keep the broken bones steady at their place.
In simple words: Splints stop broken bones from moving.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose the option that most precisely describes the function of the splint in the context of a broken bone, focusing on immobilization.

 

Question 2. By tasting alone, you can hardly differentiate between the food you love and the food you dislike.
A. Tasting can differentiate the food you like or dislike.
B. It's hard to differentiate the food you like or dislike.
C. Without the help of olfactory receptors the real savour of the food cannot be experienced.
Answer: (C) Without the assistance of olfactory receptors, the true flavor of food cannot be fully perceived.
In simple words: Your nose (olfactory receptors) is essential to truly taste food; without it, flavors are diminished.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question highlights the intricate connection between taste and smell. The best option will explain this integrated sensory experience.

 

Question 3. The higher the temperature of a substance Is, the more molecules are given off and intense odours are felt.
A. Cold food seems to be more savoury.
B. Hot food seems to be more savoury.
C. Intense odours become more powerful in hot temperature.
Answer: (C) Intense odours become more powerful in hot temperatures.
In simple words: Hot substances release more scent, making their smell stronger.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the concept of temperature with the release of molecules and, consequently, the intensity of a substance's odor.

 

Question 4. Women have more acute sense of smell than men have.
A. A woman can better smell anything than a man.
B. Females are more fragrant than males.
C. Women can experience foul smells more than men.
Answer: (A) A woman can perceive scents more effectively than a man.
In simple words: Women generally have a keener sense of smell than men.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the direct implication of "acute sense of smell," which is the ability to detect and distinguish odors better.

 

Question 5. Although some human senses can be outdone by mechanical devices, smell cannot.
A. We have cameras, microphones, speakers, touch screens, but we don't have any machine which can smell.
B. Smell is not as much simple sense as other human senses.
Answer: (A) We possess cameras, microphones, speakers, and touch screens, yet no machine exists that can replicate the sense of smell.
In simple words: While machines can mimic sight, sound, and touch, there's no machine that can truly smell.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question emphasizes the uniqueness of the human sense of smell compared to other senses that technology can replicate.

 

7. The Senses:
In two groups, write three or four short sentences for each of these things to describe how they look, taste, smell, feel or sound, e.g. It tastes sweet. It feels sticky.
concrete, sandpaper, hair, diamond, clown, lemon, baby, brick, ice cream, porridge, curry, garlic, roses, raw fish, antiques
sour, cold, silly, hard, bitter, tasty, spicy, sweet, smooth, soft, fresh, nice, oily, dusty, disgusting, hot, cute, beautiful, exciting, loud
Answer: Here are descriptions for the listed items, focusing on their sensory attributes:
**concrete:** It appears dusty. It feels hard.
**sandpaper:** It feels rough and dusty.
**hair:** It appears oily. It feels smooth.
**diamond:** It feels hard. It looks beautiful and exciting.
**clown:** He looks silly.
**lemon:** It tastes sour. It looks round.
**baby:** It looks cute.
**brick:** It feels cold. It looks dusty.
**ice cream:** It tastes sweet. It feels cold.
**porridge:** It feels hot. It tastes tasty.
**curry:** It looks spicy. It tastes hot.
**garlic:** It tastes bitter.
**roses:** They look beautiful. They feel smooth.
**raw fish:** It smells strongly bad / stinks.
**antiques:** They look gorgeous.

**Activity Instructions:**
Take turns to read out a description for the other group to guess what you are describing. Work on your own. Write a description of two things and see if the class can guess what they are.

**Guess what I am describing here:**
• It looks red. It tastes hot. - chilli
• It looks like a box. It sounds melodious. - harmonium
• It looks round. It tastes sweet or sour. - orange
In simple words: This exercise describes various objects using sensory words related to how they look, taste, smell, or feel.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing objects, use a variety of sensory adjectives to create a vivid and accurate portrayal, making it easier for others to guess.

Function

1. Read the dialogue:
Answer:
**Kavita:** Hey Sanjana, where are you going? Are you going to school with Pooja?
**Sanjana:** Neither Pooja nor I am going. Look, I have an envelope in my hand. Now guess.
**Kavita:** Hmmm ... you are going either to the post office or to a courier.
**Sanjana:** Yes, I'm going to the post office. But this is not your scooter. Is it Jinal's or Minal's?
**Kavita:** Neither of them. Look at the plastic cover. It's my new scooter. My mother bought It for me.
**Sanjana:** If you don't mind, can we go to the post office on your scooter? Mmm ...are you worried?
**Kavita:** No, I'm neither worried nor displeased. I'm just fine. But we would rather first go to my home and then go to the post office. Is it okay?
**Sanjana:** Quite Okay.
In simple words: This dialogue shows a conversation where Kavita and Sanjana discuss their plans and possessions, using 'either...or' and 'neither...nor'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the correct usage of 'either...or' and 'neither...nor' to express choices or negations in conversations.

 

2. Fill in the blanks using words given in the brackets:
(or, either... or, neither... nor)
Answer:
**Pooja:** Where will you go tomorrow? Abu **or** Ambaji.
**Parul:** **Neither** to Ambaji **nor** to Abu. I will go to Saputara.
**Pooja:** With papa **or** mom?
**Parul:** With **neither** of them, I will go with my friends.
**Pooja:** How will you go there? By car **or** by motor-cycle?
**Parul:** No, I will go there **either** by bus **or** by train. It is safe.
In simple words: This exercise helps practice using "or," "either...or," and "neither...nor" correctly in sentences to show choices or mutual exclusion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Master the usage of correlative conjunctions like 'either...or' and 'neither...nor' to correctly combine clauses and express alternatives or negations.

 

3. Put [C] for correct and [I] incorrect sentence:
(1) Either Arti or Shivani study in this college. [I]
(2) Neither of your friends are ready to come with you. [C]
(3) The lift was stuck. It couldn't go up, nor could it go down. [C]
(4) We will go either to the cafe or to the restaurant. We will stay here. [I]
(5) Either of you is playing. [I]
Answer: The sentences are assessed for correctness as follows:
(1) Either Arti or Shivani study in this college. [Incorrect]
(2) Neither of your friends are ready to come with you. [Correct]
(3) The lift was stuck. It couldn't go up, nor could it go down. [Correct]
(4) We will go either to the cafe or to the restaurant. We will stay here. [Incorrect]
(5) Either of you is playing. [Incorrect]
In simple words: This task checks understanding of sentence structure and logical consistency with 'either/or' and 'neither/nor' phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully check subject-verb agreement and logical coherence, especially when using 'either...or' and 'neither...nor' constructions, to determine sentence correctness.

 

4. Answer the questions using options either... or and neither... nor :
**Example:**
With which actor would you like to dine?
Answer:
1. I would like to dine neither with Salman Khan nor with Shah Rukh Khan.
2. I would like to dine either with Amitabh Bachchan or with Amir Khan.
In simple words: This example demonstrates how to express choices or lack thereof using "neither...nor" and "either...or" when answering a question about preferences.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the example to guide your answers, ensuring you provide two distinct options for each question: one using 'neither...nor' and another using 'either...or'.

 

Question 1. Which game would you like to play on Sunday ?
Answer:
1. I would prefer to play neither 'kho-kho' nor 'kabaddi'.
2. I would prefer to play either cricket or hockey.
In simple words: You can choose not to play certain games or pick between two preferred ones using these phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice forming concise sentences that clearly state preferences or exclusions using the specified conjunctions.

 

Question 2. Which hotel do you usually go for refreshment ?
Answer:
1. I usually go neither to 'Anand' nor to 'Sahyog' for refreshment.
2. I usually go either to 'Mehta' or to 'Manoranjan' for refreshment.
In simple words: You can state that you don't visit certain hotels or specify two you might go to for refreshment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Apply the 'neither...nor' construction to indicate a complete exclusion and 'either...or' for a choice between two specific options.

 

Question 3. Who helps you in your critical situation ?
Answer:
1. Neither my brother nor my sister provides help in my critical situation.
2. Either my neighbour or my close friend assists me in my critical situation.
In simple words: You can mention who doesn't help and then specify two people who do help you in tough times.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that the chosen helpers are distinct individuals or groups when using 'either...or' for clarity.

 

Question 4. How would you like to travel ?
Answer:
1. I would prefer to travel neither by bus nor by local train.
2. I would prefer to travel either by a hired taxi or by my own car.
In simple words: You can express a preference to avoid public transport or choose between a hired car and your own.

🎯 Exam Tip: When expressing travel preferences, be clear about the modes of transport you would or would not use.

 

Question 5. With whom do you prefer to watch a movie ?
Answer:
1. I prefer to watch a movie neither with my classmates nor with my friends.
2. I prefer to watch a movie either with my parents or with my cousins.
In simple words: You can state who you don't watch movies with, and then specify two groups you do prefer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the groups you would or would not prefer to watch movies with, using appropriate conjunctions.

 

Question 6. With whom do you like to go on an island ?
Answer:
1. I like to go on an island neither with my parents nor with my cousins.
2. I like to go on an island either with my close friend or with my classmate.
In simple words: You can say you prefer not to go with family members, but enjoy going with friends or classmates.

🎯 Exam Tip: Maintain parallel structure when listing people or groups with whom you'd prefer or not prefer to travel.

 

Question 7. Where will you celebrate your next birthday ?
Answer:
1. I will celebrate my next birthday neither at my city residence nor at any hotel.
2. I will celebrate my next birthday either at my native place or at any religious place.
In simple words: You can state that you won't celebrate in the city or a hotel, but rather in your hometown or a sacred location.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the locations you choose or exclude for your birthday celebration, using descriptive phrasing.

 

5. Study the table and write at least two sentences for each item:

No.	Item	Prefer	Don't prefer
1.	Food	Punjabi, Chinese	panipuri, bhel
2.	Game	football, basketball	cricket, hockey
3.	Place	Ambaji, Somnath	Delhi, Mumbai
4.	Occupation	teacher, doctor	broker, clerk

**Example:**
1. Ami will order either Punjabi food or Chinese food.
2. Ami will order neither 'panipuri' nor 'bhel'.
Answer: Based on the provided table and example, here are two sentences for each item:
(1) **Food:**
1. Rupesh will order either Punjabi or Chinese food.
2. Rupesh will order neither panipuri nor bhel.
(2) **Game:**
1. During vacation, I will go either to Ambaji or to Somnath.
2. During vacation, I will go neither to Delhi nor to Mumbai.
(3) **Place:**
1. I would like to become either a teacher or a doctor.
2. I would like neither to become a broker nor a clerk.
(4) **Occupation:**
1. I would rather travel either by bus or by train.
2. I would rather travel neither by scooter nor by car.
In simple words: This exercise involves creating sentences using 'either...or' and 'neither...nor' to express preferences or exclusions for different items listed in a table.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that each pair of sentences for an item clearly distinguishes between preferred options (using 'either...or') and non-preferred ones (using 'neither...nor').

 

6. Ask your friend what he/she prefers/likes /wishes and write him/her answer using either... or and neither ... nor. Discuss them in the class.
Answer: Here are examples of dialogues based on preferences:
(1) **I:** Would you like to pursue either the science stream or the commerce stream?
**Rutika:** I would pursue neither the science stream nor the commerce stream. I would opt for Arts.
(2) **I:** Do you enjoy eating either ice cream or chocolate?
**Roshan:** I enjoy neither ice cream nor chocolate, as I prefer not to increase my weight.
In simple words: This activity involves asking a friend about their preferences and noting down their responses using "either...or" and "neither...nor" constructions.

🎯 Exam Tip: In dialogues, use these conjunctions naturally to reflect genuine choices or rejections, making the conversation flow authentically.

 

7. There are endings of some sentences in the table. Write them down and add a beginning using look, seem, taste or feel, e.g.,
**Example:**
He looks old, but in fact he's quite young.
Answer: Here are the completed sentences using the specified verbs and the provided endings:
(1) It tastes unpleasant, but in fact it's good for you.
(2) He seems tough, but in fact he's a big softy really.
(3) My forehead feels warm, but in fact my temperature's normal.
In simple words: This task requires creating sentence beginnings using verbs like 'look', 'seem', 'taste', or 'feel' to complete given sentence endings, often creating a contrast.

🎯 Exam Tip: When creating sentence beginnings, ensure the verb chosen (look, seem, taste, feel) logically connects with the context and creates a meaningful contrast with the given ending.

 

Question 7. There are endings of some sentences in the table. Write them down and add a beginning using look, seem, taste or feel, e.g.,
Answer:
Original endings:
(5) ... but in fact it tastes okay.
(6) ... but in fact it's extremely dangerous.
(7) ... but in fact he's quite nice.
(8) ... but in fact she's not really.
(9) ... but in fact he looks calm and relaxed.
(10) ... but in fact it really goes fast.

Example sentences with added beginnings:
(1) While you may not prefer jogging, it is actually beneficial for your health.
(2) He wants to swap his soft toy for mine, but in reality, he's quite an emotional person.
(3) You might believe I have a fever, but my body temperature is actually normal.
(4) Although it's commonly believed that cats dislike curd, they actually enjoy it.
(5) Some perceive it to taste sour, but it actually has a pleasant flavor.
(6) The stunt appears straightforward, but it poses significant risks.
(7) He seems very rigid, but he is actually quite amiable.
(8) She gives the impression of being very kind, but that's not truly her nature.
(9) He looks stressed, yet he is actually composed and tranquil.
(10) The train appears to be moving slowly from a distance, but in reality, it travels quite fast.
In simple words: This exercise involves completing sentences by adding an appropriate beginning using descriptive verbs like 'look,' 'seem,' 'taste,' or 'feel,' and then contrasting it with the actual reality stated in the ending clause. It helps practice sentence construction and expressing contrast.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing sentences, ensure the beginning clause logically contrasts with the 'but in fact' clause, and the chosen verb (look, seem, taste, feel) fits the context of the sentence for maximum points.

Writing

 

Question 1. The Prime Minister of India visited your city yesterday. Read the following programme and draft a report on it for press:

Time	Programme
11:00 am	Arrival at the airport
11:15 am	Tea with the C. M. at circuit house
11:30 am	Inauguration of Khel Mahakumbh
12:30 pm	Opening of Metro Station

Answer:
Report on the Itinerary of P. M.'s Visit
April 4, 2018
The Prime Minister of India was scheduled to land at the domestic airport precisely at 11:00 am. The Chief Minister and various other cabinet ministers were present at the airport to greet him. From there, he proceeded directly to the circuit house, where he enjoyed tea with other dignitaries at 11:15 am.
Subsequently, he was directed to the inauguration of Khel Mahakumbh at 11:30 am. He delivered a speech to the attendees, which was followed by introductory speeches from the Chief Minister and the State Minister of Sports.
Following his speech, the Prime Minister departed for the opening of the Metro rail station. After the official inauguration ceremony, he managed to allocate time to address the large gathering. He then had lunch with other dignitaries, utilizing a brief period after lunch to discuss pressing state issues. At 2:30 pm, he visited our school, where NCC cadets presented a Guard of Honour upon his arrival.
Later, he engaged in an interactive session with students from our school and other invited students from leading city schools, focusing on the following themes:
1. The significance of cleanliness.
2. Make in India initiative.
3. Kanya Kelavani program.
4. Students' role in making India a global leader.
After concluding the student session, he was scheduled to leave for the airport at 3:30 pm and depart for Delhi.
In simple words: This report describes the Prime Minister's visit to a city, detailing his schedule from airport arrival and official events like inaugurations and speeches to interactions with students, highlighting key topics discussed during his visit.

🎯 Exam Tip: For report writing, ensure all given facts (time, events, participants) are accurately incorporated, maintain a formal tone, use clear and concise language, and follow a chronological order to achieve full marks.

 

Question 2. After this session with students in our school, he will leave for the airport and at 3.30 pm. as scheduled, he will leave for Delhi. The chart shows the time spent by Jill for different activities during the day. Study it and write ten sentences to explain it.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक पाई चार्ट है जो जिल द्वारा एक दिन में विभिन्न गतिविधियों पर बिताए गए समय को दर्शाता है। चार्ट के अनुसार, वह 8 घंटे सोती है, 6 घंटे स्कूल में बिताती है, 5 घंटे दैनिक दिनचर्या में, 2 घंटे पढ़ने में, 1 घंटा टीवी देखने में और 2 घंटे खेलने में लगाती है।
Answer:
Jill is an eleventh-grade student. She allocates 8 hours of her day to sleep and dedicates 6 hours to her school activities. Her daily routine consumes 5 hours. Furthermore, she enjoys playing and spends 2 hours on it, while also being fond of watching TV, to which she dedicates one full hour. Jill is quite ambitious regarding her career. Currently, she finds that spending only 2 hours on reading is insufficient for her aspirations. To improve her academic time, she needs to judiciously reduce hours from her sleep, daily routine, or play time.
In simple words: This response analyzes Jill's daily schedule from a pie chart, detailing how she allocates her time across sleeping, school, daily tasks, reading, playing, and watching TV, and suggests adjustments for her career ambitions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing diagrams like pie charts, describe each segment clearly, quantify the information where possible, and interpret the data to draw meaningful conclusions, ensuring the explanation addresses all aspects of the visual representation.

 

Question 3. As a Secretary of The School Cultural Club, write a notice for your school notice board inviting students to give their names for A TALENT HUNT COMPETITION.
Answer:
NOTICE
THE SCHOOL CULTURAL CLUB
TALENT HUNT COMPETITION
April 4, 2019
Don't miss this opportunity to showcase your talent! Our Cultural Club is organizing a Talent Hunt Competition on April 17, Thursday. This is a fantastic chance to display your hidden abilities. The successful participants will advance to the state-level competition. Please register your names by April 8 with Mr. Pritesh Patel, our Sports teacher.
In simple words: This is a formal notice inviting students to participate in a school talent hunt competition, providing key details like the date, prize, and registration instructions.

🎯 Exam Tip: For notice writing, ensure it is brief, clear, includes all essential information (what, when, where, who, whom to contact), and uses a formal but engaging tone, always concluding with the issuer's designation.

Activity

The government has prescribed some safety measures for every school. Think about your school and answer these questions as a class. Prepare a report on the Disaster Readiness of your school.

Disaster Readiness Questionnaire:

 

Question 1. What is the number of students in your school?
Answer: [To be filled by students]
In simple words: This question asks for the total student count in your school, a key factor in disaster planning.

🎯 Exam Tip: When providing numerical data in reports, ensure accuracy and consider how this number impacts safety protocols.

 

Question 2. What is the width of staircase? Is it sufficient if there is some threat?
Answer: [To be filled by students]
In simple words: This question assesses if the staircase width is adequate for safe evacuation during an emergency.

🎯 Exam Tip: For safety assessments, always compare the current facility (staircase width) against standard safety regulations for student capacity.

 

Question 3. How long does it take the school to empty when the school is over for the day?
Answer: [To be filled by students]
In simple words: This question aims to measure the typical evacuation time of the school under normal circumstances.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding typical evacuation times helps identify potential bottlenecks and improve emergency response strategies.

 

Question 4. Have you ever done mock-drill?
Answer: [To be filled by students]
In simple words: This question checks if the school conducts mock drills to prepare for emergencies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Regular mock drills are crucial for preparedness, as they help students and staff practice emergency procedures, identifying and resolving issues before a real crisis.

 

Question 5. What are the probabilities of fire in your school?
Answer: [To be filled by students]
In simple words: This question asks for an assessment of fire risk factors within the school environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying potential fire hazards (e.g., electrical wiring, kitchen, labs) is a proactive step in fire safety planning.

 

Question 6. Are there any fire extinguishers in your school?
Answer: [To be filled by students]
In simple words: This question confirms the presence of essential fire safety equipment in the school.

🎯 Exam Tip: The availability and proper placement of fire extinguishers are vital for immediate response to small fires, potentially preventing larger incidents.

 

Question 7. Have you ever checked them?
Answer: [To be filled by students]
In simple words: This question verifies if the fire extinguishers are regularly inspected for functionality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Regular inspection and maintenance of fire safety equipment ensure they are in working condition when needed most, a critical aspect of safety compliance.

 

Question 8. Have they been ever-renewed?
Answer: [To be filled by students]
In simple words: This question checks if fire extinguishers have been refilled or replaced as per their expiry dates.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensuring fire extinguishers are renewed or refilled on schedule is as important as having them, as expired equipment can fail to operate effectively.

1. Short Notes

Write a short note focussing on the questions:

First Aid-An Immediate Medical Help

 

Question (1). What is 'First Aid'?
Answer: First Aid refers to the immediate medical assistance provided to an injured individual before professional healthcare can be accessed.
In simple words: First aid is the quick help given to someone hurt before a doctor takes over.

🎯 Exam Tip: A precise definition of first aid is crucial; focus on its immediate, temporary nature and its goal of stabilizing the patient until expert medical help arrives.

 

Question (2). How does 'First Aid' help us?
Answer: First aid plays a vital role in ensuring the injured person remains safe and comfortable until a doctor provides further care. This initial help often saves lives in serious accidents.
In simple words: First aid keeps an injured person safe and comfortable until a doctor arrives, and it can even save lives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize both the life-saving potential and the comfort/safety aspects of first aid to score well, showcasing its dual benefits.

 

Question (3). What precaution should we take before giving first aid?
Answer: Before administering first aid, it is important to thoroughly wash hands with soap and water to prevent germs from entering wounds.
In simple words: Always wash your hands with soap and water before giving first aid to avoid spreading germs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Hygiene, specifically handwashing, is a fundamental and critical precaution in first aid; highlighting this ensures a complete answer.

 

Question (4). How can first aid be imparted in different injuries?
Answer: First aid approaches vary depending on the type of injury. For burns, cold water should be poured on the affected area for 20-30 minutes to alleviate pain. If no blisters are present, an antibiotic ointment can be applied, and the burn covered with a dry bandage, avoiding butter, ghee, petroleum jelly, or ice. For cuts and bruises, the wound should be thoroughly washed with antiseptic soap and clean water; a thick gauze pad should be pressed on it if bleeding persists. Deep bleeding wounds on limbs may require a tourniquet tied slightly above the wound. Fractures necessitate splints to prevent bone movement, while sprains benefit from ice packs to reduce swelling and bandages to support the joint. Animal bites require immediate washing with soap and water and prompt medical attention, especially for venomous snake bites where movement should be restricted and the bitten area kept below heart level. For nosebleeds, the patient should lean forward slightly, breathe through the mouth, and have their nose pinched for about 10 minutes, with an ice pack on the mouth to slow blood flow.
In simple words: First aid changes for different injuries: cold water for burns, washing for cuts, tourniquets for deep bleeding, splints for fractures, ice for sprains, and specific positioning for nosebleeds and snake bites.

🎯 Exam Tip: Demonstrate knowledge of specific first aid techniques for common injuries; detailing appropriate steps for burns, cuts, fractures, sprains, bites, and nosebleeds shows comprehensive understanding.

Reading Comprehension

Read the extracts and answer the questions:

 

(1) Burns are caused by fire, boiling water, steam, firecrackers, some chemicals or hot objects. Burns can be very painful and cause a lot of damage if they are not treated properly. First, remove clothing which covers the burnt skin. Then pour cold water on that area for several minutes. Soaking the burnt part in cool water helps relieve pain. Anaesthetic skin sprays and creams may cause an allergic reaction. If there are no open blisters, apply antibiotic treatment and cover it with a dry bandage. Do not use butter, ghee, petroleum jelly or ice.

 

Question (1). What are burns caused by?
Answer: Burns are typically caused by exposure to fire, boiling water, steam, firecrackers, certain chemicals, or hot objects.
In simple words: Burns happen due to fire, hot water, steam, chemicals, or other hot things.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about causes, list all relevant factors mentioned in the text clearly and concisely.

 

Question (2). "Do not use butter, ghee, petroleum jelly or ice.” (Rewrite the sentence using 'refrain from'.)
Answer: Refrain from using butter, ghee, petroleum jelly, or ice.
In simple words: This means you should avoid putting butter, ghee, petroleum jelly, or ice on burns.

🎯 Exam Tip: For sentence transformation tasks, focus on correctly applying the new grammatical structure (e.g., 'refrain from' + gerund) while maintaining the original meaning.

 

(2) Sometimes, joints like the ankle or wrist get twisted. The joint swells up and is very painful. This is called a sprain. When a joint is sprained, use ice packs to decrease the swelling. Do not let the joint be moved. Ask an adult to apply a kind of bandage that will support the joint and prevent movement. (You can use splints to make sure the joint does not move-tie the splints above and below the joint.)

 

Question (1). What is a sprain?
Answer: A sprain occurs when a joint, such as an ankle or wrist, gets twisted, leading to swelling and severe pain.
In simple words: A sprain is a painful injury where a joint, like an ankle, gets twisted and swells.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define medical terms precisely, including symptoms like swelling and pain, as derived directly from the provided text.

 

Question (2). When a joint is sprained, use to decrease the swelling.
(a) boiling water
(b) ointment
(c) ice packs
Answer: (c) ice packs
In simple words: To reduce swelling from a sprain, apply ice packs.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multiple-choice questions, carefully read all options and select the one that directly and accurately answers the question based on the provided text.

 

(3) A nosebleed can occur due to an accident, irritation or dryness of the lining of the nose, allergy, cold, heat or something stuck in the nose. Ask the patient to lean forward slightly and breathe through the mouth. Pinch the nose between the thumb and forefinger for about 10 minutes or until the bleeding stops. Put an ice-cube or an ice-candy in the mouth to slow blood flow to the nose.

 

Question (1). Find words in the passage which mean:
(a) take place
(b) cause discomfort
Answer:
(1)
- occur
- irritation
In simple words: To "take place" means to occur, and to "cause discomfort" means to cause irritation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying synonyms from a passage, ensure the chosen word accurately reflects the meaning in the context of the text.

 

Question (2). What treatment should be given to a patient suffering from nose bleeding?
Answer: For a patient experiencing a nosebleed, they should be instructed to lean slightly forward and breathe through their mouth. The nose should then be pinched between the thumb and forefinger for approximately 10 minutes, or until the bleeding ceases. Additionally, placing an ice cube or ice candy in the mouth can help in slowing down the blood flow to the nose.
In simple words: For a nosebleed, lean forward, breathe through the mouth, pinch the nose for 10 minutes, and use ice in the mouth to reduce bleeding.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a step-by-step description of the first aid procedure, ensuring all key actions and timeframes mentioned in the text are included for a comprehensive answer.

First Aid Summary In Gujarati

ઇજાગ્રસ્ત વ્યક્તિને હૉસ્પિટલમાં લઈ જતાં પહેલાં જે તાત્કાલિક વૈદકીય સારવાર આપવામાં આપવામાં આવે છે, તેને પ્રાથમિક સારવાર (સ્ટ એઇડ) કહેવાય છે. ડૉકટર આવી પહોંચે તે પહેલાં અપાતી આ સારવારે ઘણાના જીવ બચાવ્યા છે. પ્રાથમિક સારવાર આપતાં પહેલાં તમારા હાથ સાબુ અને પાણીથી ધોવા અત્યંત જરૂરી છે.

જુદી જુદી ઈજાઓ માટે અપાતી પ્રાથમિક સારવાર જુદી જુદી હોય છે. તેની સવિસ્તર નોંધ આ એકમમાં કરવામાં આવી છે.સખત રીતે દાઝી જનારને તાત્કાલિક હૉસ્પિટલમાં ખસેડવો અને પુષ્કળ પાણી પીવડાવવું. ઘા પડ્યો હોય કે છોલાયું હોય તો જેતુનાશક સાબુ અને પાણીથી ધા ધોવો અને રૂનું પૂમડું તેના પર દબાવી લોહી વહેતું અટકાવવું. ધાની ઉપરની બાજુએ હાથરૂમાલ બાંધી દેવો, જેથી લોહીનો પ્રવાહ ઓછો કરી શકાય. ડૉક્ટર પાસે લઈ જઈ ધનુરનું ઇજેક્શન અપાવવું. અસ્થિભંગના કેસમાં જે-તે ભાગ પર સોજો ન આવે તેથી બરફ (આઇસ પૈક) બાંધવો.

જે-તે ભાગનું હલનચલન ન થાય તે જોવું. મચકોડના કેસમાં પણ સોજો ઘટાડવા માટે આઇસ પૅક બાંધવો જરૂરી છે. સાંધાના ભાગને હલવા ન દેવો, તેના પર પાટો બાંધી દેવો. પ્રાણીઓના કરડવાના કેસમાં ધાને સાબુ તથા પાણીથી સાફ કરવો અને કૂતરા કે બિલાડીના કરડવાથી થતા હડકવાથી બચવા ડૉકટર પાસે રસી મુકાવવી. સર્પદંશનાં કેસમાં દેશવાળો ભાગ હૃદયથી નીચેના લેવલ પર રહે તે રીતે રાખવો.

ઉપરના ભાગે કપડાની ચીંદરડી કે પાટો બાંધી દેવા અને દર્દીને તાત્કાલિક ડૉકટર પાસે લઈ જવો. નસકોરી ફૂટવાના કેસમાં આગળની બાજુ ઝુકાવીને મોંથી શ્વાસ લેવા કહેવું. નાકને અંગૂઠા અને આંગળીથી 10 મી) ૬ાवी राजवं.

દર્દીને શક્ય એટલા જલદી ડૉકટર પાસે લઈ જાઓ. - મચકોડઃ - કેટલીક વાર, ઘૂંટણ કે કાંડા જેવા સાંધાઓ અમળાઈ (મચકોડાઈ) જાય છે. સાંધાઓ સૂઝી જાય છે અને તે અત્યંત પીડાકારક હોય છે તેને મચકોડ કહે છે. જ્યારે સાંધામાં મચકોડ આવ્યો હોય ત્યારે સોજો ઓછો કરવા માટે બરફની પોટલી(આઇસ પૈક)નો ઉપયોગ કરો. સાંધાને હલવા દેશો નહિ.

સાંધાને હલનચલન કરતો રોકવા અને ટેકો આપવા માટે (કોઈક) વડીલને પાટો બાંધવા કહો. (સાંધો હલી ન જાય એ માટે તમે ખપાટિયાનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકો છો. સાંધાની ઉપર અને નીચે ટેકણિયા બાંધો.) પ્રાણીઓનું કરડવું: કેટલીક વાર પ્રાણીઓનું કરડવું ભયજનક હોઈ શકે. કૂતરાં કે બિલાડી જેવાં પાણીઓના મોંમાં ઘણા પ્રકારના જીવાણુઓ હોય છે. આ પ્રાણીઓના કરડવાથી હડકવા જેવા રોગ થઈ શકે છે.

ધાને સાબુ અને પાણીથી બરાબર સાફ કરો. દર્દીને તાત્કાલિક | ડૉક્ટર પાસે લઈ જાઓ. હડકવા રોકવા ડૉક્ટર કેટલાંક ઇજેક્શન્સ આપશે. ગુજરાતના મોટા ભાગના સાપ બિનઝેરી છે. ઝેરી સાપ કરડવાના કેસમાં પીડિતને હલનચલન કરવા દેશો નહિ, કારણ કે આમ કરતાં ઝેર

આખા શરીરમાં ઝડપથી પ્રસરી જશે. કરડાયેલો ભાગ હૃદયથી નીચલા લેવલે રહે તે રીતે દર્દીને સુવાડો. ઝેર ફેલાતું રોકવા માટે કરડાયેલા ભાગની ઉપરના ભાગમાં પટ્ટો કે કાપડની પટ્ટી (ટૂનિકેટ) બાંધી દો. દર્દીને શક્ય એટલા જલદી ડૉક્ટર પાસે લઈ જાઓ. નસકોરી ફૂટવીઃઅકસ્માત, ખંજવાળ, નાકના અંદરના ભાગની ચામડી સૂકી પડી ગઈ હોય (આળી થઈ ગઈ હોય), (કોઈ) આડઅસર (હોય), ઠંડી, ગરમી કે નાકમાં કાંઈક ફસાઈ ગયું હોય આવાં કારણોસર નસકોરી ફૂટી શકે છે.દર્દીને આગળના ભાગે ઝૂકવાનું અને મોં વડે શ્વાસ લેવાનું કહો.

લોહી નીકળતું બંધ ન થાય ત્યાં સુધી લગભગ 10 મિનિટ સુધી નાકને અંગૂઠા અને તર્જની વચ્ચે રાખી દબાવી રાખો. (દર્દીના) મોંમાં બરફનો ટુકડો કે આઇસ-કૅન્ડી મૂકો, આ ઠંડક નાક તરફના લોહીના પ્રવાહને ધીમો પાડશે.

Glossary (શબ્દાર્થ)

first aid (n.) (ફર્સ્ટ એઈડ) initial treatment-પ્રાથમિક સારવાર, તત્કાલ વૈદકીય સહાય

injury (n.) (ઈન્જરી) damage-ઈજા

prevent (n) (પ્રિવેન્ટ) stop – રોકવું

germ (n.) (જર્મ) a pathogenic microorganism– જીવાણુ, કીટાણુ

wound (n.) (वुन्ड) a cut, stab or tear -ધા ડે ચીરો

burns (n.) (વર્ન્સ) a physical injury caused by heat – દાઝ્યાની ઈજા

severe (adj.) (સવિયર) harsh, serious-અત્યંત સખત, ગંભીર

antiseptic (adj.) (ઍન્ટિસેપ્ટિક) capable of preventing infection - ચેપરોધક, જંતુનાશક

swab (n.) (સ્લૅબ) a small piece of soft absorbant material, gause-રૂ કે કપડાનું ઘા સાફ કરવાનું પૂમડું

tourniquet (n.) (ટુર્નિકેટ) bandage of cloth-કાપડનો પાટો

slide (v.) (સ્લાઈડ) slip-સરકાવવું

tetanus (n.) (ટેટનસ) an infectious disease-ધનુર નામનો ચેપી રોગ, ધનુર્વા

fracture (n.) (ફ્રેક્ચર) breaking of bones –અસ્થિભંગ, હાડકામાં તિરાડ પડવી કે તૂટવું તે

icepack (n.) (આઈસ પૅક) a bag filled with ice, used to relieve swelling-સોજામાંથી રાહત મેળવવા માટેની બરફની પોટલી

swelling (n.) (સ્વેલિંગ) inflation, puffiness, lump – સોજો

splint (n.) (સ્પ્લિન્ટ) a bandage that supports the injured joint and prevents movement – (ભાંગેલાં હાડકાં સાથે બાંધવાનું) ટેકણિયું / ખપાટિયું

sling (n.) (સ્લિંગ) a band suspended from the neck to support an injured hand or arm - ઈજાગ્રસ્ત હાથને ટેકો આપવા ગળે ભરાવવાનો પટ્ટો

sprain (n.) (સ્પ્રેઇન) injury of a joint, ligament or muscle by sudden stretch or twist - મચકોડ

ankle (n.) (એન્કલ) the joint where foot joins our leg-ઘૂંટી

wrist (n.) (રિસ્ટ) the joint where arm joins our hand-કાંડું

twist (v.) (ટ્વિસ્ટ) give a turning movement – આમળવું, મચડી નાખવું

decrease (v.) (ડિક્રીઝ) lessening – ઘટાડવું

bandage (n.) (બૅન્ડેજ) a strip of any soft material used for binding-પાટો

rabies (n.) (રૅબીઝ) fatal viral disease by the bite of infected animals like dogs, etc. - કૂતરાં, બિલાડીઓના કરડવાથી થતો રોગ–હડકવા

venomous (adj.) (વેનમસ) poisonous – ઝેરી

venom (n.) (વેનમ) poison – ઝેર

nosebleed (n.) (નોઝબ્લીડ) bleeding from nose-નસકોરી ફૂટવી તે

irritation (n.) (ઈરિટેશન) inflammatory reaction of a bodily part-ખરજ, શરીરમાં બળતરા જેવી સંતાપની લાગણી

lining (n) (લાઈનિંગ) a covering or coating of an inside surface-(અહીં નાકની) અંદરની નાજુક ચામડી

allergy (n.) (ઍલર્જી) sensitivity, reaction - આડઅસર, આનાપશુ

forefinger (n.) (ફોરફિંગર) the finger next to the thumb, index finger–અંગૂઠા પાસેની આંગળી, તર્જની

ભાષાંતર

ઇજાગ્રસ્ત પુરુષ કે સ્ત્રીને હૉસ્પિટલમાં દાખલ કરતાં પહેલાં જે તાત્કાલિક વૈદકીય સહાય અપાય તેને પ્રાથમિક સારવાર કહે છે. –ડૉકટરની મદદ મળે ત્યાં સુધી ઈજાગ્રસ્ત વ્યક્તિ સલામત અને સ્વસ્થ હોય એ સુનિશ્ચિત કરવામાં પ્રાથમિક સારવાર મદદ કરે છે. ગંભીર અકસ્માતોની બાબતમાં, શરૂઆતના કલાક ની પ્રાથમિક સારવારે ઘણી વ્યક્તિઓના જીવ બચાવ્યા છે!