GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 10 त्वमेका भवानि

1. अधोलिखित्तेभ्यः विकल्पेभ्यः – Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives:
1. 'वृत्तिः' इति शब्दस्य कः अर्थ:?
(क) जीवनचर्या
(ख) वर्तनम्
(ग) आजीविका
(घ) निर्वृतिः
Answer: (ग) आजीविका
In simple words: The question asks for the meaning of the word 'Vrutti'. The correct answer 'Aajeevika' refers to one's livelihood or profession.

Exam Tip: When faced with Sanskrit vocabulary questions, always try to recall synonyms or contextual meanings from the chapter to pick the best option.

Question 2. कुत्र प्रविष्टस्य भक्तस्य भवानी एका एव गतिः वर्तते?
(क) व्रते
(ख) वने
(ग) विपत्तौ
(घ) सर्वत्र
Answer: (ग) विपत्तौ
In simple words: This question asks in which situation the devotee considers Bhavani as his only refuge. The answer 'Vipattau' means "in calamity" or "in times of danger".

Exam Tip: Understand the context of the verses. Here, the devotee turns to the goddess during challenging situations, highlighting her role as a sole protector.

Question 3. 'भवानि' इति ......... पदम अस्ति।
(क) क्रियापदम्
(ख) संबोधनपदम्
(ग) कर्तृकारकम्
(घ) कर्मकारकम्
Answer: (ख) संबोधनपदम्
In simple words: The question asks what type of word 'Bhavani' is. The answer 'Sambodhanapadam' indicates it is a vocative case word, used to address someone directly.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the grammatical cases of words in Sanskrit. Vocative case (Sambodhanapadam) is often used for direct address or calling out to someone.

Question 4. न जानामि ........" लयं वा कदाचित।
(क) पूजाम्
(ख) व्रतम्
(ग) मुक्तिम्
(घ) प्रलयम्
Answer: (ग) मुक्तिम्
In simple words: This question is part of a verse where the devotee lists what he doesn't know. The missing word 'Muktim' means liberation, referring to spiritual freedom.

Exam Tip: For verse completion, memorize the key words and their placement within the shlokas. Context is crucial for filling in the correct word.

Question 5. गतिस्त्वं ........." भवानि।।
(क) प्रपाहि
(ख) वयम्
(ग) त्वमेका
(घ) भवान्
Answer: (ग) त्वमेका
In simple words: This is another verse completion question. The missing word 'Tvameka' means "you alone," emphasizing that the goddess is his only refuge.

Exam Tip: Understanding the central theme of the prayer (devotion to the goddess as the sole refuge) can help you predict missing words in verses.

2. उदाहरणानुसारं परिचयं कारयत – Write ufted according to example.

Exam Tip: Practice identifying the root word, gender, and correct case-number combinations for common Sanskrit nouns and pronouns. This table helps reinforce grammatical analysis.

3. रेखाङ्कितानां पदानां स्थाने प्रकोष्टात् उचितं पदं चित्वा प्रश्नवाक्यं रचयत – Choose the correct word from the brackets to replace the underlined word and make interrogative sentences: (कुत्र, किम्, कः, का)
1. अहं ध्यानयोगं न जानामि।
Answer: अहं किम् न जानामि ?
In simple words: To change the statement "I do not know meditation" into a question, we replace "meditation" with "what". So, "I do not know what?"

Exam Tip: When forming interrogative sentences, select the pronoun (kim, kah, ka, kutra) that matches the gender, number, and case of the word being replaced.

Question 2. मम वृत्तिः नास्ति।
Answer: मम का नास्ति ?
In simple words: To question "My livelihood is not," we replace "livelihood" (a feminine noun) with "what" (feminine form). So, "What is not mine?"

Exam Tip: Correctly identifying the gender of the underlined word is essential for choosing the appropriate interrogative pronoun (e.g., 'ka' for feminine, 'kim' for neuter).

Question 3. अरण्ये सदा मां प्रपाहि।
Answer: कृत्र सदा मां प्रपाहि?
In simple words: To question "Always protect me in the forest," we replace "in the forest" with "where". So, "Where always protect me?"

Exam Tip: The interrogative pronoun 'kutra' (where) is used when the underlined word refers to a place or location.

4. समासप्रकारं लिखत Name the type of the compounds:
1. अनाथ – न विद्यते नाथः यस्य सः – नञ् बहुव्रीहि समासः
2. शत्रुमध्ये – शत्रूणाम् मध्ये – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः
3. जाड्यवक्त्रः – जाड्यं वक्ते यस्य सः – बहुव्रीहि समासः
4. ध्यानयोगम् – ध्यानस्य योगः, तम् – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः
Answer: The compounds are described with their components and the type of Samasa they belong to.
1. अनाथ (Anath) means "one who has no protector," which is a Nanj Bahuvrihi Samasa.
2. शत्रुमध्ये (Shatrumadhye) means "among enemies," which falls under the Shashti Tatpurusha Samasa.
3. जाड्यवक्त्रः (Jadyavaktrah) means "one whose face is dull," also a Bahuvrihi Samasa.
4. ध्यानयोगम् (Dhyanayogam) means "the yoga of meditation," which is a Shashti Tatpurusha Samasa.
In simple words: This section shows different Sanskrit compound words and explains their meaning by breaking them down, then identifies the type of compound based on how the words combine to form a new meaning.

Exam Tip: Thoroughly understand the rules for identifying different types of Samasa (compounds) in Sanskrit grammar. Practice breaking down compounds to determine their category.

5. अधोलिखितानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि आङ्ग्लभाषायां लिखत – Answer the following questions in English:
Question 1. Which relatives are abandoned by a devotee to consider goddess as his only resort?
Answer: The devotee speaking in this stotra gave up all his family members like father, mother, brother, son, daughter, master, servant, and wife. He sees the goddess as his sole refuge or haven.
In simple words: The devotee left behind his father, mother, brother, son, daughter, master, servant, and wife, viewing the goddess as his only source of help and safety.

Exam Tip: When listing things from the text, ensure you include all specified items. For narrative questions, clearly state who did what and why, as indicated in the source.

Question 2. Which things does a devotee not know?
Answer: The devotee is unaware of practising charity. He does not understand how to meditate or chant 'Has'. He also does not know how to worship, nor does he know how to assign body parts to various deities (PH). He lacks knowledge of religious merit or visiting holy places. He does not know about devotion or observing vows. He has no understanding of liberation, meaning freedom from the cycle of birth and death.
In simple words: The devotee does not know how to give charity, meditate, chant, worship, or dedicate body parts to gods. He also lacks knowledge of good deeds, holy sites, devotion, vows, or how to achieve spiritual freedom from rebirth.

Exam Tip: Be specific in listing all the things the devotee explicitly states he does not know, as these details are crucial for a complete answer.

Question 3. In which different situations does a devotee pray goddess to protect him?
Answer: A devotee asks the divine mother to keep him safe during various tough situations. These include arguments, sadness, idleness, journeys, water, fire, mountains, and among enemies. No matter where he is, the goddess should guard him from all kinds of peril.
In simple words: The devotee asks the goddess to save him in debates, sorrow, laziness, travel, danger from water or fire, on mountains, and against enemies, seeking her protection everywhere.

Exam Tip: Recall the different challenging scenarios mentioned in the prayer where the devotee seeks divine intervention. Listing these comprehensively shows full understanding.

Question 4. Which adjectives does a devotee use for himself in the stanza अनाथो दरिद्रो?
Answer: The devotee employs these adjectives for himself: an orphan, poor, afflicted by old age and illness. He states he is extremely weak, miserable, and always dull-faced. He finds himself plunged into adversity and always ruined.
In simple words: The devotee describes himself as an orphan, poor, sick from age, very weak, wretched, having a dull face, trapped in trouble, and completely ruined.

Exam Tip: Carefully extract all the descriptive words (adjectives) the devotee uses to describe his own condition, ensuring you don't miss any from the specified stanza.

6. श्लोकपूर्ति कुरुत – Complete the following verses:
Question 1. विवादे विषादे ".........." त्वमेका भवानि।
Answer: विवादे विषादे प्रमादे प्रवासे
जले चानले पर्वते शत्रुमध्ये।
अरण्ये शरण्ये सदा मां प्रवाहि
गतिस्त्वं गतिस्त्वं त्वमेका भवानि।।
In simple words: This verse asks for completion, starting with "In disputes, in sorrows... you alone, Bhavani." The full verse lists various places and situations where the devotee seeks protection.

Exam Tip: Memorize the verses for completion questions. Pay attention to the rhyming and meter to ensure accuracy.

Question 2. अनाथो दरिद्रो त्वमेका भवानि।
Answer: अनाथो दरिद्रो जरारोगयुक्तो
महाक्षीणदीनः सदा जाड्यवक्त्रः।
वियत्तौ प्रविष्टः प्रणष्टः सदाऽह
गतिस्त्वं गतिस्त्वं त्वमेका भवानि।।
In simple words: The verse begins by calling the devotee an orphan and poor. The completed verse describes his state of being afflicted by old age and disease, extremely weak, constantly dull-faced, and always ruined in trouble, again proclaiming the goddess as his only refuge.

Exam Tip: Ensure all lines of the verse are reproduced accurately, especially the parts that continue the thought or description from the given beginning.

GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit त्वमेका भवानि Additional Important Questions and Answers

1. उदाहरणानुसारं परिचयं कारयत – Write ufarvi according to example.

Exam Tip: Understanding verb conjugations (Dhaturoopani) is fundamental for Sanskrit. Practice identifying the root verb, tense, person, and number for various verb forms.

2. श्लोकपूर्ति कुरुत Complete the following verses:
Question 1. न तातो ............" भवानि।
Answer: न तातो न माता न बन्धु दाता
न पुत्रो न पुत्री न भृत्यो न भर्ता।
न जाया न विद्या न वृत्तिर्ममैव
गतिस्त्वं गतिस्त्वं त्वमेका भवानि।।
In simple words: This verse, which begins "Neither father nor mother...", describes the devotee's lack of various relationships and possessions, concluding that the goddess is his sole refuge.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the common Sanskrit verses and prayers, as they frequently appear in completion exercises.

Question 2. न जानामि पुण्यं .........." भवानि।
Answer: न जानामि पुण्यं न जानामि तीर्थं,
न जानामि मुक्तिं लयं वा कदाचित्।
न जानामि भक्तिं व्रतं वापि मातः
गतिस्त्वं गतिस्त्वं त्वमेका भवानि ।।
In simple words: This verse, starting with "I do not know virtue...", expresses the devotee's ignorance of spiritual practices and merits, ending with the declaration that the goddess is his only path.

Exam Tip: When completing verses, focus on the flow of thought and the overall message conveyed by the devotee's plea to the goddess.

3. सन्धि विच्छेदं कुरुत Dissolve the sandhis:
Question 1. 'बन्धुर्न' एतस्य सन्धि विच्छेदः कः?
(क) बन्धुर + न
(ख) बन्धु + न
(ग) बन्धुः + न
(घ) बन्धू + न
Answer: (ग) बन्धुः + न
In simple words: The question asks to break down the compound word 'Bandhurn'. The correct option separates it into 'Bandhuh' (friend/relative) and 'na' (not).

Exam Tip: Master the rules of Sanskrit Sandhi, especially those involving Visarga (ः), as they are common in word breakdowns.

Question 2. 'भृत्योन' एतस्य सन्धि विच्छेदः कः?
(क) भृत्य + न
(ख) भृत्यः + न
(ग) भृत्योः + न
(घ) भृत्ये + न
Answer: (ख) भृत्यः + न
In simple words: This question requires splitting 'Bhrityon'. The right answer breaks it into 'Bhrityah' (servant) and 'na' (not), following the rules of Visarga Sandhi.

Exam Tip: Practice different Sandhi examples to recognize patterns, such as how 'o' often indicates a preceding Visarga in specific contexts.

Question 3. 'वृत्तिममैव' एतस्य सन्धि विच्छेदः कः?
(क) वृत्ति + मम + ऐव
(ख) वृतिः + ममे + इव
(ग) वृतिः + मम + एव
(घ) वृत्तिः + ममै + एव
Answer: (ग) वृतिः + मम + एव
In simple words: The task is to dissolve 'Vrittirmamaiva'. The correct separation is 'Vrittihi' (livelihood) + 'Mama' (my) + 'Eva' (only/indeed), combining Visarga Sandhi and vowel Sandhi.

Exam Tip: Be mindful of multiple Sandhis occurring in a single word. Break down the word step-by-step to find all its constituent parts accurately.

4. सन्धिं कुरुत Make sandhis:
Question 1. 'व्रतम् + वा + अपि' एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) व्रतंवापि
(ख) व्रतवाअपि
(ग) व्रतवापि
(घ) व्रतंवापि
Answer: (क) व्रतंवापि
In simple words: This question asks to combine 'Vratam', 'va', and 'api' into a single word. The correct combination is 'Vratamvapi', where 'm' becomes Anusvara and then combines with 'va'.

Exam Tip: Understand the rules of Anusvara Sandhi, where 'm' followed by a consonant often becomes Anusvara (ं), and the subsequent vowel joins the word.

Question 2. 'गतिः + त्वम्' एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) गतीत्वम्
(ख) गतिस्त्वम्
(ग) गतिश्त्वम्
(घ) गतिष्त्वम्
Answer: (ख) गतिस्त्वम्
In simple words: The task is to combine 'Gatihi' and 'Tvam'. The correct merged word is 'Gatistvam', where the Visarga changes to 's' before 't'.

Exam Tip: Practice Visarga Sandhi rules, particularly those involving 's' or 'sh' sounds, which often replace a Visarga before certain consonants.

Question 3. 'च + अनले' एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) चनले
(ख) चअनले
(ग) चानले
(घ) चेनले
Answer: (ग) चानले
In simple words: This question asks to join 'Cha' and 'Anale'. The correct combination is 'Chanale', where the 'a' sound from 'Cha' merges with the 'a' from 'Anale' to form a long 'a'.

Exam Tip: Recall the rules of vowel Sandhi (Svara Sandhi), where similar vowels combine to form a long vowel, as seen with 'a + a = ā'.

Question 4. 'सदा + अहम्' एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) सदहम्
(ख) सदाहम्
(ग) सदोहम्
(घ) सदाऽहम्
Answer: (घ) सदाऽहम्
In simple words: The question asks to combine 'Sada' and 'Aham'. The proper joining results in 'Sada'ham', where the 'a' of 'Sada' combines with the 'a' of 'Aham', marked by an avagraha (ऽ).

Exam Tip: Understand the rules for 'Purvarupa Sandhi' (or specific vowel Sandhi variants) where 'a' combines with a preceding vowel, often indicated by an avagraha (ऽ).

Question 5. 'त्वम् + एका' एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) त्वमेका
(ख) त्वमैका
(ग) त्वमिका
(घ) त्वएका
Answer: (क) त्वमेका
In simple words: This question asks to merge 'Tvam' and 'Eka'. The correct combined word is 'Tvameka', where the final 'm' of 'Tvam' undergoes Sandhi with 'Eka'.

Exam Tip: Be aware of various Sandhi rules, including how 'm' at the end of a word can interact with a following vowel or consonant to form different combinations.