GSEB Class 10 English Supplementary Solutions Chapter 7 Daring Discovery

Read the passage and answer the questions.

Dr Jagdish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) was a great Indian scientist. He surprised the whole world with the declaration that plants also live like other living beings. He also found that like other living beings, plants are also hurt and shocked. By another experiment, he also showed that plants could also be made unconscious by some strong intoxicant.

With his experiments, a new world of the plant kingdom was discovered. In 1902, Dr Jagdish Chandra Bose wrote many articles about his experiments on the plant kingdom. He published them in his book 'The Reaction of Living and Non-living'. [Page 32]

Question 1. What was Dr Bose?
Answer: Dr Bose was a very great scientist.
In simple words: Dr Bose was a well-known scientist.

Exam Tip: For short factual questions, provide a clear and concise answer directly from the passage.

Question 2. How did he surprise the world?
Answer: He surprised the world by declaring that plants also possess life, just like other living beings.
In simple words: He amazed everyone by saying plants are alive, like animals.

Exam Tip: Focus on the main action or discovery that created the "surprise" when answering such questions.

Question 3. Dr Bose discovered that like the other living beings
Answer: Dr Bose discovered that like other living creatures, plants are also injured and experience shock.
In simple words: Dr Bose found that plants can feel hurt and shock, just like other living things.

Exam Tip: When a question starts with a partial sentence, complete it using information directly from the passage while maintaining grammatical correctness.

Question 4. What did Dr Bose prove with his experiment?
Answer: With his experiment, Dr Bose proved that plants could be made unconscious using some strong intoxicant.
In simple words: Dr Bose showed that plants could be put to sleep with a strong drug.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific outcome or conclusion of the experiment mentioned in the text.

Question 5. Dr Bose wrote many articles about
Answer: Dr Bose wrote numerous articles about his experiments on the plant kingdom.
In simple words: Dr Bose wrote many pieces about his plant experiments.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to keywords like "articles about" to locate the relevant information in the passage.

Question 6. Write the title of the book written by Dr Bose.
Answer: The title of the book written by Dr Bose is 'The Reaction of Living and Non-living'.
In simple words: Dr Bose's book was named 'The Reaction of Living and Non-living'.

Exam Tip: Quote book titles accurately, including punctuation and capitalization, as they appear in the source text.

Dr Bose invented an instrument. It is called 'Optical Pulse Recorder'. It can record the process of contraction in plants. He also recorded the internal activities of the plants by this instrument. Thus, he showed the similarity in the behavior of lizards, frogs and tortoise; fruits, vegetables and plants. He also discovered that plants also generate electric waves and feel tired like all other living beings.

During one of his experiments, he found that a dying plant released a strong electric current. He also proved that carbon dioxide badly affects the life of plants. Excess intake of carbon dioxide can cause death to plants. They can be survived by providing oxygen like human beings. [Pages 32-33]

Question 1. Which instrument did Dr Bose invent?
Answer: Dr Bose invented an instrument called the Optical Pulse Recorder.
In simple words: Dr Bose made the Optical Pulse Recorder.

Exam Tip: When asked for a specific name, ensure you provide the exact name as mentioned in the text.

Question 2. What did the Optical Pulse Recorder do?
Answer: The Optical Pulse Recorder recorded the process of contraction in plants and the internal activities of the plants.
In simple words: It noted down how plants contract and their inner actions.

Exam Tip: List all functions of the instrument clearly as described in the passage.

Question 3. What did Dr Bose discover about plants?
Answer: Dr Bose discovered that plants generate electric waves and feel tired, just like all other living beings.
In simple words: Dr Bose found that plants make electricity and get tired, like other living things.

Exam Tip: Summarize the key discoveries about plants made by Dr Bose, as presented in the passage.

Question 4. What did Dr Bose find during one of his experiments?
Answer: During one of his experiments, Dr Bose found that a dying plant released a strong electric current.
In simple words: In an experiment, Dr Bose saw that a plant close to dying gave off a lot of electricity.

Exam Tip: Pinpoint the specific observation made during the experiment mentioned.

Question 5. What did Dr Bose prove about plants and carbon dioxide?
Answer: Dr Bose proved that carbon dioxide affects the life of plants very badly, and too much intake of carbon dioxide can also kill plants.
In simple words: Dr Bose showed that carbon dioxide really harms plants, and too much can cause them to die.

Exam Tip: Clearly state both parts of the proof: the negative effect and the potential fatal outcome of carbon dioxide on plants.

Question 6. How can we save the plants dying due to excess intake of carbon dioxide?
Answer: We can save plants dying due to too much carbon dioxide intake by providing them with oxygen, similar to how human beings are saved.
In simple words: To save plants from too much carbon dioxide, give them oxygen, just like people.

Exam Tip: Identify the solution or preventative measure described in the passage for the problem.

By one of his outstanding experiments, he proved that plants also feel intoxication when given some narcotic. He also proved that the activities of plants happened with the energy gathered by the plants. They collected this energy from their surroundings.

They stored this energy in them. In 1918, Dr Bose developed a new instrument. It was called "Crescograph". It enlarged the movements of plants ten thousand times. It also noted down the changes that occurred in the plant within one minute. [Page 33]

Question 1. What did Dr Bose prove about intoxication in plants?
Answer: Dr Bose proved that plants also experience intoxication when given some narcotic.
In simple words: Dr Bose showed that plants can get 'drunk' if they are given drugs.

Exam Tip: State clearly what effect narcotics have on plants according to Dr Bose's findings.

Question 2. What did Dr Bose prove about activities of plants?
Answer: Dr Bose proved that the activities of plants happened using the energy they collected from their surroundings.
In simple words: Dr Bose showed that plants move using energy they take from nearby areas.

Exam Tip: Explain the source of energy for plant activities as described by Dr Bose.

Question 3. Which instrument did Dr Bose develop?
Answer: Dr Bose developed an instrument called 'Crescograph'.
In simple words: Dr Bose created a device named 'Crescograph'.

Exam Tip: Provide the exact name of the instrument Dr Bose created.

Question 4. What did the Crescograph do?
Answer: The Crescograph enlarged the movements of plants ten thousand times.
In simple words: The Crescograph made plant movements look ten thousand times bigger.

Exam Tip: Describe the primary function or capability of the Crescograph as stated in the text.

Question 5. What did the Crescograph note down?
Answer: The Crescograph noted down the changes that occurred in a plant within one minute.
In simple words: The Crescograph recorded all the changes in a plant within just one minute.

Exam Tip: Mention the specific type of data the Crescograph recorded and the time frame.

About Dr Bose's work, a French thinker Henry Bergson said that Bose's work gave speech to the mute plants. His work helped us to understand the plants world. Now we know what plants want, when they suffer, and what pleases them. We can feel the voice and breathing of plants by an instrument. Thus, he proved that plants are living, breathing beings.

The World Physics Congress was held in 1900 in Paris. Bose presented his views. People were surprised at his views. He explained that physical events could not be confined to any limit. The difference between living and non-living was not so vast. It was also not impenetrable as we mostly thought. [Pages 33-34]

Question 1. What did Henry Bergson say about Dr Bose's work?
Answer: Henry Bergson said that Dr Bose's work gave speech to the silent plants.
In simple words: Henry Bergson stated that Dr Bose's discoveries made plants 'speak'.

Exam Tip: Quote or accurately paraphrase direct statements made by other figures about Dr Bose's work.

Question 2. According to Henry Bergson, what do we know about plants?
Answer: According to Henry Bergson, we now understand what plants desire, when they experience suffering, and what makes them happy.
In simple words: Henry Bergson said we now know what plants need, what hurts them, and what makes them glad.

Exam Tip: List the specific insights gained about plants as attributed to Henry Bergson.

Question 3. What can we feel by an instrument?
Answer: We can feel the voice and breathing of plants using an instrument.
In simple words: An instrument lets us sense if plants are talking or breathing.

Exam Tip: Identify the senses or observations that an instrument enables regarding plants.

Question 4. What did Dr Bose explain in the World Physics Congress?
Answer: Dr Bose explained that physical events could not be restricted to any limit.
In simple words: Dr Bose said that physical things don't have boundaries.

Exam Tip: Focus on the main philosophical or scientific point Dr Bose conveyed at the Congress.

Question 5. What did Dr Bose say about the difference between the living and non-living?
Answer: Dr Bose stated that the difference between living and non-living was not very vast and also not impenetrable, as people mostly believed.
In simple words: Dr Bose noted that living and non-living things are not as different or separate as most people think.

Exam Tip: Accurately convey Dr Bose's perspective on the distinction between living and non-living entities.

Question 6. Dr Bose's work helped us to understand
Answer: Dr Bose's work helped us to understand the plant world.
In simple words: Dr Bose's research helped us learn about plants.

Exam Tip: Directly complete the sentence with the scope of understanding gained from Dr Bose's work.

Question 7. How did Dr Bose prove that plants are living beings?
Answer: Dr Bose proved that plants are living beings by developing an instrument that helped to feel their voice and breathing.
In simple words: Dr Bose created a device that let us feel plant voices and breathing, proving they are alive.

Exam Tip: Explain the method or evidence Dr Bose used to establish plants as living beings.

Vocabulary Recognition

Select the word having the nearest meaning.

Question 1. hurt
A. amaze
B. please
C. injure
D. beat
Answer: (C) injure
In simple words: 'Hurt' means to cause pain or damage, which is best described by 'injure'.

Exam Tip: For vocabulary questions, consider the most direct and common synonym that maintains the original meaning.

Question 2. record
A. note
B. notice
C. observe
D. neglect
Answer: (A) note
In simple words: To 'record' something means to write it down or make a 'note' of it for future reference.

Exam Tip: Think of the action associated with the word; 'note' often refers to writing or registering information.

Question 3. similarity
A. peculiarity
B. strange
C. resemblance
D. unlikeness
Answer: (C) resemblance
In simple words: 'Similarity' means things are alike or have a 'resemblance' to each other.

Exam Tip: Look for a word that conveys the idea of likeness or being alike.

Question 4. generate
A. sell
B. import
C. export
D. produce
Answer: (D) produce
In simple words: To 'generate' means to create or 'produce' something, often energy or ideas.

Exam Tip: Consider the meaning of creating or bringing something into existence.

Question 5. excess
A. less
B. extra
C. weight
D. load
Answer: (B) extra
In simple words: 'Excess' means more than what is needed or an 'extra' amount.

Exam Tip: The word 'excess' implies a quantity beyond the normal or required amount.

Question 6. survive
A. stay alive
B. stay fit
C. stay young
D. stay healthy
Answer: (A) stay alive
In simple words: To 'survive' means to continue to live, or to 'stay alive', especially through difficult times.

Exam Tip: The core meaning of 'survive' is to continue existing despite challenges.

Question 7. outstanding
A. isolated
B. poor
C. average
D. excellent
Answer: (D) excellent
In simple words: 'Outstanding' means remarkably good or 'excellent'.

Exam Tip: This word refers to something that stands out due to its high quality or exceptional nature.

Question 8. occur
A. produce
B. generate
C. happen
D. create
Answer: (C) happen
In simple words: To 'occur' means to take place or 'happen'.

Exam Tip: This word indicates the happening or existence of an event or situation.

Question 9. enlarge
A. make smaller
B. make bigger
C. make good
D. make bad
Answer: (B) make bigger
In simple words: To 'enlarge' means to make something larger or 'make bigger'.

Exam Tip: The prefix 'en-' often means to put into or cause to be, and 'large' means big, so 'enlarge' literally means to make large.

Question 10. view
A. statement
B. declaration
C. notice
D. opinion
Answer: (D) opinion
In simple words: A 'view' is a way of thinking about something, which is the same as an 'opinion'.

Exam Tip: In this context, 'view' refers to a personal perspective or belief, not a visual sight.

Question 11. vast
A. used
B. waste
C. huge
D. tiny
Answer: (C) huge
In simple words: 'Vast' describes something of very great extent or size, meaning 'huge'.

Exam Tip: This word emphasizes immensity or a very large scale.

Question 12. authentic
A. real
B. fake
C. written
D. oral
Answer: (A) real
In simple words: 'Authentic' means genuine or 'real', not false or copied.

Exam Tip: The word implies originality and trustworthiness.

Question 13. mysterious
A. normal
B. usual
C. common
D. strange
Answer: (D) strange
In simple words: 'Mysterious' means difficult or impossible to understand, making it 'strange' or puzzling.

Exam Tip: This word describes something that is not easily explained or understood, often creating a sense of wonder or curiosity.

Daring Discovery Summary in Gujarati

ડૉ. જગદીશચંદ્ર બોઝ (1858-1937) એક મહાન ભારતીય વૈજ્ઞાનિક હતા. બીજાં જીવંત પ્રાણીઓની પેઠે વનસ્પતિ પણ જીવે છે એમ જાહેર કરીને તેમણે સમગ્ર વિશ્વને અચંબામાં મૂકી દીધેલું. તમે આ સાથે સંમત છો? કારણો આપો. એમણે એવી પણ શોધ કરી કે બીજા જીવંત પ્રાણીઓની માફક વનસ્પતિના છોડને પણ ઈજા થાય છે કે આધાત લાગે છે. બીજો એક પ્રયોગ કરીને એમણે એમ પણ દર્શાવ્યું કે કોઈ તીવ્ર વિષયુક્ત રસાયણ દ્વારા વનસ્પતિને બેભાન કરી શકાય. એમના આવા પ્રયોગો દ્વારા વનસ્પતિ-સામ્રાજ્યના એક નવા જ વિશ્વની શોધ થયેલી.

જગદીશચંદ્ર બોઝે 1902માં વનસ્પતિ-સામ્રાજ્ય પરના પ્રયોગો વિશે અસંખ્ય લેખો લખેલા. તેમને (લેખોને) તેમણે તેમના પુસ્તક "ધ રિએક્શન ઑવ્ લિવિંગ ઍન્ડ નૉન-લિવિંગ'માં પ્રસિદ્ધ કર્યા. વનસ્પતિના છોડ પણ માણસ અને પ્રાણીઓની જેમ જ વર્તન કરે છે તે સાબિત કરવા તેમણે કેટલાય પ્રયોગો કરેલા. વનસ્પતિ ફેફસાં વિના શ્વાસોચ્છવાસ કરે છે. પેટ વિના તેઓ ખોરાક પચાવે છે. સ્નાયુઓ (મસલ્સ) વિના પણ તેઓ બીજી પ્રવૃત્તિઓમાં વ્યસ્ત રહેતા હોય છે. ડૉ. બોઝે એક સાધનની શોધ કરી, તે સાધન "ઓપ્ટિકલ પલ્સ રેકૉર્ડર' કહેવાય છે.

વનસ્પતિમાં સંકોચનની પ્રક્રિયાની તે નોંધ કરી શકે છે. આ સાધનથી તેમણે વનસ્પતિની આંતરિક પ્રવૃત્તિની નોંધ પણ કરી. આથી એમણે ગરોળી, દેડકાં અને કાચબા; ફળો, શાકભાજી અને વનસ્પતિ વચ્ચેનાં વર્તનની સામ્યતા દર્શાવી. વનસ્પતિ વિદ્યુત તરંગો પણ ઉત્પન્ન કરે છે અને અન્ય જીવંત પ્રાણીઓની પેઠે થાકી જાય છે તેની પન્ન તેમણે શોધ કરી. એમના એક પ્રયોગ દરમિયાન એમને એમ પણ માલૂમ પડ્યું કે મુરઝાતો છોડ તીવ્ર વિધુતપ્રવાહ રેલાવતો હતો.

કાર્બન ડાયોક્સાઈડ છોડના આયુષ્ય પર ખૂબ ખરાબ અસર કરે છે એ પણ તેમણે સાબિત ક્યું. વધારે પડતો કાર્બન ડાયૉક્સાઇડ લેવાથી છોડ મરી જઈ શકે છે. માણસની પેઠે પ્રાણવાયુ પૂરો પાડવાથી છોડને બચાવી શકાય છે. આ નિરીક્ષણના ટેકામાં કોઈ પણ પ્રયોગ યાદ કરો.

એક વિશિષ્ટ પ્રયોગ દ્વારા એમણે એ પણ સાબિત કર્યું કે નાર્કોટિક (નશીલો) પાર્થ આપવાથી છોડને પણ નશો ચડે છે. એમણે એમ પણ સાબિત કર્યું કે છોડે એકઠી કરેલી ઊર્જા વડે તેઓની પ્રવૃત્તિઓ થાય છે, તેમની આસપાસના વિસ્તારમાંથી તેઓ આ ઊર્જા એકઠી કરે છે. તેઓ આ ઊર્જાનો તેમનામાં સંગ્રહ કરે છે.

1918માં ડૉ. બોઝે કેસ્કોગ્રાફ' નામનું એક નવું સાધન વિકસાવ્યું. તે છોડના હલનચલનને દશ હજાર ગણું વિસ્તારી શકતું. છોડમાં એક મિનિટમાં થતા ફેરફારોની પણ તે નોંધ કરતું. એક ફ્રેંચ ચિંતક હેનરિ બર્ગસને ડૉ. બોઝના આ કાર્ય વિશે કહેલું કે તેમણે મૂંગા છોડને વાચા આપી.

તેમના કાર્યો આપણને છોડનું વિશ્વ સમજવામાં મદદ કરી. હવે આપણે છોડને શું જોઈએ છે, તેમને ક્યારે વેદના થાય છે, અને તેમને શું આનંદ આપે છે તે સમજી શકીએ છીએ. એક સાધનની મદદથી છોડના અવાજની અને શ્વાસ -ઉચ્છવાસની અનુભૂતિ કરી શકીએ છીએ. આમ તેમણે સિદ્ધ કરી બતાવ્યું કે છોડ જીવિત, શ્વાસ લેતાં પ્રાણીઓ છે.

તમે છોડને જીવિત પ્રાણી તરીકે કદી જોયો છે? તમે ડૉ. બોઝ સાથે સંમત છો? શા માટે?

પરિસમાં 1900 માં ધ વર્લ્ડ ડિઝિક્સ કાવસ મોલી, ડૉ. બોઝે તેમના વિચારો રજૂ કર્યા. લોકોને તેમના વિચારોથી આશ્ચર્ય થયું. પદાર્થની ઘટનાઓને કોઈ સીમામાં બાંધી શકાય નહિ એ તેમણે સ્પષ્ટ કર્યું. જીવંત અને જડ વચ્ચેનો તફાવત બહુ મોટો નથી. આપણે મોટા ભાગે માનીએ છીએ તેમ તે અભેદ્ય છે, તેવું પણ નથી.

એ સમયના લોકો તેમના આ વિચારોને પ્રમાણભૂત માનતા નહોતા. તેમના વિચારોને તેઓ અર્થહીન માનતા, તેથી ડૉ. બોઝે તેમના પ્રયોગોને પ્રકાશિત કર્યા. તેમણે પ્રયોગોનું પ્રત્યક્ષ ભારે આશ્ચર્ય થયેલું. 1917 માં ભારતમાંની બ્રિટિશ સરકારે 'સર'ની પદવી આપી તેમનું સન્માન કરેલું.

તેમના 69મા જન્મદિને તેમણે કોલકાતામાં સંશોધન સંસ્થાની સ્થાપના કરી. આખીય કુદરત જીવન અને સંવેદનાથી ભરપૂર છે એમ ડૉ. બોઝ માનતા હતા. કુદરત ગહન રીતે પોતાની અભિવ્યક્તિ કરે છે. આપણે જો તેને સાચી રીતે સમજીએ તો આપણે તેની સાથે સંવાદ સાધી શકીએ. અમને કાપો નહીં, અમને લોહી નીકળે છે.

Word Meanings

scientist (સાયન્ટિસ્ટ) વૈજ્ઞાનિક

to discover (ડિસ્કવર) શોધ કરવી

to hurt (હર્ટ) ઈજા થવી-પહોંચાડવી

shock (શૉક) આઘાત

unconscious (અનુન્કૉન્શસ) બેભાન

intoxicant (ઈન્ટૉક્સિકન્ટ) નશીલું, માદક

article (આર્ટિકલ) લેખ

to publish (પબ્લિશ) પ્રસિદ્ધ કરવું

to prove (પ્રૂવ) સાબિત કરવું

lungs (લંગ્સ) ફેફસાં

muscle (મસલ્સ) સ્નાયુ

to invent (ઈન્વેન્ટ) શોધ કરવી

to record (રિકૉર્ડ) નોંધ કરવી

process (પ્રોસેસ) પ્રક્રિયા

contraction (કન્ટ્રેક્શન) સંકોચન

internal (ઈન્ટર્નલ) આંતરિક

similarity (સિમિલૅરિટિ) સમાનતા, સામ્ય

behaviour (બિહેવ્યર) વર્તન

to generate (જનરેટ) ઉત્પન્ન કરવું

electric wave (ઈલેક્ટ્રિક વેવ) વિદ્યુત તરંગ

excess (એક્સેસ) વધારાનું

intake (ઈન્ટેક) અંદર લેવાની ક્રિયા

to survive (સર્વાઇવ) જીવિત રહેવું

outstanding (આઉટસ્ટેન્ડિંગ) વિશિષ્ટ

narcotic (નાર્કોટિક) નશીલું

to occur (અકર) બનવું, થવું

energy (એનર્જિ) ઊર્જા, શક્તિ

surrounding (સરાઉન્ડિંગ) પરિસર

to store (સ્ટોર) સંગ્રહ કરવો

to enlarge (ઈન્લાર્જ) વિસ્તારવું

movement (મુવમેન્ટ) હલનચલન, ગતિ

speech (સ્પીચ) ભાષણ

mute (મ્યુટ) મૂંગું

to present (પ્રેઝન્ટ) રજૂ કરવું

view (વ્યૂ) વિચાર

physical event (ફિઝિકલ ઈવેન્ટ) પદાર્થની ઘટનાઓ, ભૌતિક ઘટનાઓ

limit (લિમિટ) હદ, સીમા

difference (ડિફરન્સ) તફાવત

vast (વાસ્ટ) વિશાળ

impenetrable (ઈમ્પેનિટ્રબલ) અભેદ્ય

authentic (ઓથેન્ટિક) પ્રમાણભૂત

practical demonstration (પ્રેક્ટિકલ ડેમન્સ્ટ્રેશન) પ્રત્યક્ષ નિદર્શન

research institute (રિસર્ચ ઈન્સ્ટિટયુટ) સંશોધન સંસ્થા

to believe (બિલિવ) માનવું

to express (ઈક્સપ્રેસ) વ્યક્ત કરવું

mysterious (મિસ્ટિઅરિઅસ) ગૂઢ, ગહન

to communicate (કમ્યુનિકેટ) વ્યવહાર કરવો, સંવાદ સાધવો - કરવો

Phrase

to be confined to (બિ કનકાઇન્ડ ) -માં સીમિત રહેવું