GSEB Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 7 Glimpses of India

Part I: A Baker From Goa

Oral Comprehension Check (Textbook Page No. 86)

 

Question 1. What are the elders in Goa nostalgic about?
Answer: Elders in Goa feel nostalgic about good old Portuguese times, about the Portuguese people, and their well-known loaves of bread. Goa was a Portuguese area. After India gained independence, Goa became a part of India. Goa has a clear influence of Portuguese and Anglo-Indian culture. Christianity is a major faith in Goa. Older people usually fondly remember earlier days because when people become older, they gather many rich experiences from their past. It is normal for human psychology that the past always appears better than the present.
In simple words: Goan elders miss the old Portuguese days, the Portuguese people, and their famous bread. They remember the past fondly as it often seems better than the present.

Exam Tip: When describing nostalgia, always mention specific elements that the characters recall fondly, such as the people, culture, or food items.

 

Question 2. How do you know that breadmaking is still popular in Goa?
Answer: We understand that breadmaking is still popular in Goa because the story mentions the continued presence of age-old furnaces and their burning fires. Goan society still has moulders, bread mixers, and bakers. The author also explains that specific bread items are essential for various events and festivals, showing their ongoing importance.
In simple words: We know breadmaking is popular because old furnaces are still used, and bakers, mixers, and moulders are still found in Goa. Bread is also key for many Goan events.

Exam Tip: Always provide specific evidence from the text to support your claims, such as references to continued traditions or existing equipment.

 

Question 3. What is the baker called in Goa?
Answer: The baker is called a Pader in Goa.
In simple words: In Goa, a baker is known as a Pader.

Exam Tip: Remember specific terms used in the text, especially for key characters or professions, as they are often direct recall questions.

 

Question 4. When would the baker come every day ? Why did the children run to meet him ?
Answer: The baker typically came in the mornings each day. The children were very fond of his musical sales call. Furthermore, they could not wait to enjoy the bread rings.
In simple words: The baker came every morning. Children ran to meet him because they loved his musical call and wanted to eat the bread rings quickly.

Exam Tip: For "when" and "why" questions, ensure both parts are addressed clearly and concisely with textual evidence.

(Textbook Page No. 87)

 

Question 5. Match the following. What is a must.?
1. as marriage gifts ? – cakes and bolinhas
2. for a party or a feast ? – sweet bread called bol
3. for a daughter's engagement? – bread
4. for Christmas ? – sandwiches
Answer:
1. as marriage gifts ? – sweet bread called bol
2. for a party or a feast? -bread.
3. for a daughter's engagement ? – sandwiches
4. for Christmas? -cakes and bolinhas
In simple words: Match the traditional Goan bread items with the specific events where they are a necessity. For marriage gifts, it's 'bol'; for parties, it's general bread; for engagements, it's sandwiches; and for Christmas, it's cakes and bolinhas.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific cultural significance of each food item for different occasions, as exact matches are key.

 

Question 6. What did the bakers wear:
(i) in the Portuguese days?
(ii)when the author was young ?
Answer:
(i) In the Portuguese days, bakers wore a knee-length single-piece frock called a kabai.
(ii) When the author was young, bakers wore a shirt and trousers that were shorter than full-length pants but longer than half pants.
In simple words: Bakers wore a special knee-length frock called a 'kabai' in Portuguese times. Later, when the author was a child, they wore shirts with trousers that were mid-length.

Exam Tip: Note how clothing styles change over time in the story, as this shows the evolution of customs and details important to the narrative.

 

Question 7. Who invites the comment-"he is dressed like a pader"? Why?
Answer: Even today, if someone wears pants that reach a little below the knees, they get the comment, "he is dressed like a pader." This happens because bakers in Goa used to wear such garments.
In simple words: People still say "he is dressed like a pader" if someone wears pants just below the knees. This is because bakers in Goa used to wear such clothes.

Exam Tip: Understand how specific details, like clothing, create lasting cultural references and colloquialisms within a community.

 

Question 8. Where were the monthly accounts of the baker recorded?
Answer: Bakers used to write down their monthly accounts on some walls with a pencil. This custom is still found among panwallahs in many towns and villages in India. The panwallahs recorded monthly dues on their shop walls.
In simple words: Bakers wrote their monthly bills on walls with a pencil. This old habit is still seen with panwallahs in many Indian towns.

Exam Tip: Remember unique historical practices, like the method of accounting described, as they highlight cultural details from the past.

 

Question 9. What does a 'jackfruit-like appearance' mean?
Answer: A baker's profession was clearly a profitable job. This was shown by the plump look of the baker, as if he was well-fed. A plump person can be described as having a 'jackfruit-like appearance'.
In simple words: A 'jackfruit-like appearance' means someone is plump or well-fed. This suggested that being a baker was a good, profitable job.

Exam Tip: Understand the descriptive language used to convey meaning, such as metaphors or similes, and how they relate to the character's profession or status.

Thinking About The Text

 

Question 1. Which of these statements are correct?
(1) The pader was an important person in the village in old times.
Answer: Correct
(2) Paders still exist in Goan villages.
Answer: Correct
(3) The paders went away with the Portuguese.
Answer: Incorrect
(4) The paders continue to wear a single-piece long frock.
Answer: Incorrect
(5) Bread and cakes were an integral part of Goan life in the old days.
Answer: Correct
(6) Traditional bread-baking is still a very profitable business,
Answer: Correct
(7) Paders and their families starve in the present times.
Answer: Incorrect
In simple words: The correct statements are that paders were important and still exist, and bread was a key part of old Goan life and remains a profitable business. Other statements about paders leaving or starving, or their dress, are false.

Exam Tip: For true/false or correct/incorrect statements, review each point against the text carefully to ensure accuracy and avoid common misconceptions.

 

Question 2. Is bread an important part of Goan ; life ? How do you know this ?
Answer: Yes, bread is a crucial part of Goan life. Several facts show the great importance of bread in Goan life: Sandwiches must be made for a daughter's engagement. Cakes and bolinhas are essential for Christmas and other celebrations. Also, a party or feast feels incomplete without bread, especially the sweet bread called bol.
In simple words: Bread is very important in Goa. Sandwiches are needed for engagements, and cakes and bolinhas for festivals like Christmas. Parties also need bread to be complete.

Exam Tip: When asked to justify importance, list specific examples of events or traditions where the item is indispensable, directly from the story.

 

Question 3. Select the right answer. What is the tone of the author when he says the following ?
(1) The thud and the jingle of the traditional baker's bamboo can still be heard in some places, (nostalgic, hopeful, sad)
Answer: nostalgic
(2) Maybe the father is not alive but the son still carries on the family profession, (nostalgic, hopeful, sad)
Answer: Hopeful,
(3) I still recall the typical fragrance of those loaves, (nostalgic, hopeful, naughty)
Answer: Nostalgic
(4) The tiger never brushed his teeth. Hot tea could wash and clean up everything so nicely, after all. (naughty, angry, funny)
Answer: Funny
(5) Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other festivals, (sad, hopeful, matter-of-fact)
Answer: Matter of fact
(6) The baker and his family never starved. They always looked happy and prosperous, (matter-of-fact, hopeful, sad) .
Answer: Matter of fact
In simple words: The author's tone is nostalgic when recalling old sounds and smells. It's hopeful about the continuation of the family profession. It's funny when talking about the tiger and hot tea. It's matter-of-fact when discussing Christmas treats and the baker's prosperity.

Exam Tip: To identify the author's tone, consider the emotions or attitudes conveyed by the words chosen, such as longing (nostalgic), optimism (hopeful), or simple statement of fact (matter-of-fact).

Part II: Coorg

Thinking About The Text

 

Question 1. Where is Coorg ?
Answer: Coorg, also known as Kodagu, is Karnataka's smallest district. It is found halfway between Mysore and Mangaluru, a coastal town.
In simple words: Coorg, or Kodagu, is Karnataka's smallest district, located between Mysore and the coastal city of Mangaluru.

Exam Tip: For geographical location questions, specify the state and relative position to other known places mentioned in the text.

 

Question 2. What is the story about the Kodavu people's descent ?
Answer: The fiercely independent Kodavu people are believed to be descendants of Greeks or Arabs. One story suggests that a part of Alexander's army moved south along the coast and settled there when it became impossible to return. These individuals married local people, and this is the story of the Kodavu people's origin.
In simple words: The Kodavu people are thought to be from Greek or Arab ancestors. One story says a part of Alexander's army settled there and married locals when they couldn't go home.

Exam Tip: When detailing historical origins, always include the different theories or legends mentioned in the text, such as Greek or Arab descent.

 

Question 3. What are some of the things you now know about ?
(1) the people of Coorg ?
(2) the main crop of Coorg ?
(3) the sports it offers to tourists ?
(4) the animals you are likely to see in Coorg ?
(5) its distance from Bangaluru and how to get there ?
Answer:
(1) The people of Coorg are fiercely independent and descended from the Greeks or the Arabs.
(2) Coffee is the main crop of Coorg.
(3) Coorg mostly offers adventure sports, which include river rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing, and mountain biking.
(4) The animals likely to be seen in Coorg are macaques, Malabar squirrels, langurs, slender loris, wild elephants, etc.
(5) By road, Coorg is about 250 – 260 kilometres from Bangaluru.
In simple words: I learned that Coorgis are independent people of Greek or Arab origin. Coffee is their main crop. They offer adventure sports like rafting and climbing. You can see animals like macaques and elephants there. It's about 250-260 km by road from Bengaluru.

Exam Tip: For multi-part questions, ensure each sub-question is answered distinctly and accurately, providing specific facts from the text.

 

Question 4. Here are six sentences with some words in italics. Find phrases from the text that have the same meaning. (Look in the paragraphs indicated)
(1) During monsoons it rains so heavily that tourists do not visit Coorg. (Para 2)
Answer: to keep visitors away
(2) Some people say that Alexander's army moved south along the coast and settled there. (Para 3)
Answer: As one story goes
(3) The Coorg people are always ready to tell stories of their son's and father's valour. (Para 4)
Answer: are more than willing to recount
(4) Even people who normally lead an easy and slow life get smitten by the high energy adventure sports of Coorg. (Para 6)
Answer: The most laidback individuals become converts to
(5) The theory of the Arab origin is supported by the long coat with embroidered waist-belt they wear. (Para 3)
Answer: draws support from
(6) Macaques, Malabar squirrels observe you carefully from the tree canopy. (Para 7)
Answer: keep a watchful eye
In simple words: This question asks to match italicized phrases with their equivalent meanings from the text. For example, "rains so heavily that tourists do not visit Coorg" means "to keep visitors away", and "people say" is "as one story goes".

Exam Tip: When finding equivalent phrases, focus on the core meaning of the italicized text and look for a direct, concise synonym or phrase in the specified paragraph.

Thinking About Language

 

Question 1. Collocations: Strike out the odd sentence or phrase.
(A) 'How old are you ?'
'How young are you?'
Answer: The odd sentence is 'How young are you ?'
(B) a pleasant person
a pleasant pillow
Answer: The odd phrase is 'a pleasant pillow'.
In simple words: Collocations are words that naturally go together. For example, "how old are you" is a common phrase, but "how young are you" is not. Similarly, "a pleasant person" is correct, but "a pleasant pillow" sounds strange.

Exam Tip: Collocation exercises test your understanding of natural word pairings in English; rely on common usage rather than literal meanings.

 

Question 2. Work with a partner and discuss which of the nouns can collocate with which of the adjectives given below.
Nouns: culture, monks, surprise, experience, weather, tradition
Adjectives: unique, terrible, serious, ancient, wide, sudden
Answer:
(1) culture: unique culture, ancient culture
(2) monks: serious monks, unique monks
(3) surprise: unique surprise, sudden surprise, unforgettable surprise, terrible surprise
(4) experience: unique experience, terrible experience, unforgettable experience, sudden experience
(5) weather: terrible weather, unforgettable weather
(6) tradition: unique tradition, ancient tradition
In simple words: We matched the nouns with suitable adjectives. For example, 'culture' goes with 'unique' or 'ancient', and 'monks' can be 'serious' or 'unique'. This shows which words naturally fit together.

Exam Tip: When identifying collocations, think about which adjectives are most commonly and logically used to describe a given noun, based on typical English usage.

 

Question 3. Complete the following phrases from the text. For each phrase, can you find at least one other word that would fit into the blank ?
Answer:
(1) ______ trees: shade-trees, tall trees, fruit trees
(2) ______ hills: wooded hills, rolling hills, green hills
(3) ______ culture: Portuguese culture, Anglo-Indian culture, rich culture
(4) ______ days: old days, Portuguese days, childhood days
(5) ______ profession: family profession, profitable profession, traditional profession
In simple words: We completed phrases from the text like "shade-trees" and "wooded hills" and also listed other words that would logically fit each blank, such as "fruit trees" or "green hills."

Exam Tip: When asked to complete phrases, ensure your answers are consistent with the context of the story and that any additional words provided also make logical sense.

Part III: Tea From Assam

Thinking About Language

 

Question 1. Use these words appropriately in the sentences below.
Words: upkeep, downpour, undergo, dropout, walk-in.
(1) A heavy ........... has been forecast due to low pressure in the Bay of Bengal.
(2) The students will ........... a medical examination.
(3) My brother is responsible for the ........... of our family property.
(4) The ........... rate for this accountancy course is very high.
(5) She went to the Enterprise Company to attend a ........... interview.
Answer:
(1) A heavy **downpour** has been forecast due to low pressure in the Bay of Bengal.
(2) The students will **undergo** a medical examination.
(3) My brother is responsible for the **upkeep** of our family property.
(4) The **dropout** rate for this accountancy course is very high.
(5) She went to the Enterprise Company to attend a **walk-in** interview.
In simple words: We filled in the blanks with the correct words. 'Downpour' means heavy rain, 'undergo' means to experience something, 'upkeep' means maintaining something, 'dropout' rate is about students leaving, and 'walk-in' means an interview without an appointment.

Exam Tip: For vocabulary-in-context questions, carefully consider the meaning of each word and how it best fits the sentence's overall sense and grammar.

 

Question 2. Now fill in the blanks in the sentences given below by combining the verb given 1 in brackets with one of the words from ; the box as appropriate.
Words: over, by, through, out, up, down
(1) The Army attempted unsuccessfully to .......... the Government, (throw)
(2) Scientists are on the brink of a major .......... in cancer research, (break)
(3) The State Government plans to build a .......... for Bhubaneswar to speed up traffic on the main highway, (pass)
(4) Gautama's .......... on life changed when he realised that the world is full of sorrow. (look)
(5) Rakesh seemed unusually .......... after the game, (cast)
Answer:
(1) The Army attempted unsuccessfully to **overthrow** the Government.
(2) Scientists are on the brink of a major **breakthrough** in cancer research.
(3) The State Government plans to build a **bypass** for Bhubaneswar to speed up traffic on the main highway.
(4) Gautama's **outlook** on life changed when he realised that the world is full of sorrow.
(5) Rakesh seemed unusually **downcast** after the game.
In simple words: We combined given verbs with suitable prepositions to form new words for the blanks. For example, 'throw' became 'overthrow', 'break' became 'breakthrough', 'pass' became 'bypass', 'look' became 'outlook', and 'cast' became 'downcast'.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to phrasal verbs and compound words; the verb combined with a preposition or adverb often creates a new meaning crucial to the sentence.

 

Question 3. Notice how these -ing and -ed adjectives are used. Think of suitable -ing or -ed adjectives to answer the following questions. You may also use words from those given above.
How would you describe
(1) a good detective serial on television ?
(2) a debate on your favourite topic ‘Homework Should Be Banned' ?
(3) how you feel when you stay indoors due to incessant rain ?
(4) how you feel when you open a present ?
(5) how you feel when you watch your favourite programme on television ?
(6) the look on your mother's face as you waited in a queue ?
(7) how you feel when tracking a tiger in a tiger reserve forest ?
(8) the story you have recently read, or a film you have seen ?
Answer:
(1) exciting
(2) interesting
(3) bored
(4) excited
(5) interested
(6) disappointed
(7) thrilled
(8) thrilling
In simple words: We used -ing adjectives to describe things that cause emotions, like an 'exciting' serial. We used -ed adjectives to describe how someone feels, like being 'bored' indoors.

Exam Tip: Remember that -ing adjectives typically describe the quality of something (what it *is*), while -ed adjectives describe a feeling or state (how someone *feels*).

 

Question 4. Now use the adjectives in the exercise above, as appropriate, to write a paragraph about Coorg.
Answer: Coorg is an **exciting** place to visit, offering **thrilling** adventure sports like river rafting and rock climbing. Many tourists feel **interested** in its beautiful coffee plantations and lush rainforests. You might be **disappointed** if you visit during the heavy monsoon season, as the rain can be **terrible**. However, the **unique** culture and **ancient** traditions of the Kodavu people make it a truly **interesting** destination year-round.
In simple words: Coorg is an exciting place with thrilling sports. Tourists are interested in its coffee and forests. Heavy rain can be terrible, but its unique culture makes it interesting.

Exam Tip: When writing a descriptive paragraph, use a variety of adjectives to make your descriptions vivid and engaging, ensuring they fit the context of the subject.

GSEB Class 10 English Glimpses Of India Additional Important Questions And Answers

Part I: A Baker From Goa

Read the following passages and select the most appropriate answers for the questions given below them:

The baker made his musical entry on the scene with the 'jhang-jhang' sound of his specially made bamboo staff. One hand supported the basket on his head and the other banged the bamboo on the ground. He would greet the lady of the house with 'Good morning' and then place his basket on the vertical bamboo. We kids would be pushed aside with a mild rebuke and the loaves would be delivered to the servant. But we would not give up. We would climb a bench or the parapet and peep into the basket, somehow. I can still recall the typical fragrance of those loaves. Loaves for the elders and the bangles for the children. Then we did not even care to brush our teeth or wash our mouths properly. And why should we ? Who would take the trouble of plucking the mango-leaf for the toothbrush ? And why was it necessary at all ? The tiger never brushed his teeth. Hot tea could wash and clean up everything so nicely, after all!

 

Question 1. Pick out the onomatopoeic word/ words used in the extract from the following:
A. bamboo
B. jhang
C. bang
D.Both 'B' and 'C'
Answer: (D) Both 'B' and 'C'
In simple words: Onomatopoeic words imitate sounds. 'Jhang' and 'bang' both make sounds, so they are the correct options.

Exam Tip: Onomatopoeic words are those that phonetically imitate the sound they describe (e.g., 'buzz', 'hiss'). Identify words that create an auditory image.

 

Question 2. The children could not resist ..........
A. playing with the bamboo staff.
B. balancing the basket on the vertical bamboo.
C. peeping into the basket.
D. delivering loaves to the servant.
Answer: (C) C. peeping into the basket.
In simple words: The children couldn't help but peek into the baker's basket to see what goodies he had.

Exam Tip: Focus on actions directly attributed to the children in the passage, especially those describing their excitement or curiosity.

 

Question 3. What tempted the children a lot ?
A. Loaves
B. Sound of the specially made bamboo staff.
C. Climbing a bench or the parapet
D. Bangles
Answer: (A) A. Loaves
In simple words: The fresh loaves of bread were what truly attracted the children.

Exam Tip: Look for clues in the text that describe the children's desire or eagerness towards a specific item.

 

Question 4. What would serve the purpose of cleaning the mouths of the children.
A. Mango-leaf
B. Toothbrush
C. Hot tea
D. Freshly made loaves
Answer: (C) C. Hot tea
In simple words: The children believed that hot tea was enough to clean their mouths instead of brushing their teeth.

Exam Tip: Note any humorous or unconventional beliefs expressed by the characters, as these often highlight their perspectives.

The baker or bread-seller of those days had a peculiar dress known as the kabai. It was a single-piece long frock reaching down to the knees. In our childhood we saw bakers wearing a shirt and trousers which were shorter than full-length ones and longer than half pants. Even today, anyone who wears a half pant which reaches just below the knees invites the comment that he is dressed like a pader!

 

Question 1. A party or a feast loses its charm without ..........
A. gifts.
B. bol.
C. kabai.
D. furnace.
Answer: (B) B. bol.
In simple words: A party or feast is incomplete without 'bol', which is a type of sweet bread.

Exam Tip: Identify key cultural items mentioned in the passage and their significance to specific events or traditions.

 

Question 2. Every village used to have ..........
A. a party.
B. a half pants.
C. a baker's furnace.
D. a pader.
Answer: (C) C. a baker's furnace.
In simple words: Every village relied on having its own baker's furnace, which was essential for bread production.

Exam Tip: Focus on the infrastructure or essential services that were common in every village, as indicated in the passage.

 

Question 3. The kabai used to be ..........
A. a baker's dress.
B. a baker's furnace.
C. a sweet bread ace
Answer: (A) A. a baker's dress.
In simple words: The 'kabai' was a special long frock worn by bakers.

Exam Tip: Remember specific vocabulary terms and their definitions, especially for unique items like traditional clothing.

 

Question 4. The kabai can be compared to a ..........
A. kurta.
B. salwar.
C. gown.
D. overcoat.
Answer: (C) C. gown.
In simple words: The kabai, being a long, single-piece frock, is most similar to a gown.

Exam Tip: When comparing items, choose the option that shares the most similar characteristics in terms of shape, length, and form.

Answer The Following Questions In Three To Four Sentences Each:

 

Question 1. What does the author tell about the baker when he was a child in Goa ?
Answer: The author recalls that during his childhood, the baker was a very important person in society. The baker would visit houses twice daily, and his arrival was marked by a jingling sound. This sound signaled his presence and the fresh bread he brought to the community.
In simple words: When the author was a child, the baker was important. He visited twice a day, and his jingling sound announced his arrival.

Exam Tip: When asked about childhood memories, include details like frequency of visits and sensory descriptions (e.g., sound) to make the answer vivid.

 

Question 2. How can one recognize a baker ?
Answer: A baker can be easily recognized by his musical entry, which involves the jingling sound of his bamboo stick. He holds a basket on his head with one hand and taps the bamboo on the ground with the other. This unique sound and posture make his presence known to everyone.
In simple words: You can spot a baker by the jingling sound of his bamboo stick. He carries a basket on his head and taps the bamboo as he walks.

Exam Tip: Highlight distinctive traits or habits that make a character easily identifiable, such as a specific sound or action.

 

Question 3. How would the children behave on the arrival of a baker?
Answer: The children would quickly run towards the baker upon his arrival. They would climb onto a bench or parapet to peer into his basket. The ladies of the house would purchase loaves for the elders and bangles for the children, showing the general excitement around the baker's visit.
In simple words: Children ran to the baker, climbing benches to peek into his basket. Ladies bought bread for elders and bangles for kids.

Exam Tip: Describe the enthusiastic and specific actions of the children, as well as the transactions, to show their engagement with the baker.

 

Question 4. What used to be the dress of a baker ?
Answer: The baker wore a special dress known as the kabai. It was a single-piece frock that reached down to the knees. Later in the author's childhood, the bakers' dress code changed; they then wore shirts and trousers that were shorter than full-length pants but longer than half pants.
In simple words: Bakers wore a knee-length frock called a 'kabai'. Later, they switched to shirts and trousers that were mid-length.

Exam Tip: Detail both historical and later changes in clothing to show the evolution of traditions mentioned in the text.

 

Question 5. What did the baker do first once he reached a house ?
Answer: The baker would first greet the lady of the house by saying 'Good Morning'. After that, he would place his basket on the vertical bamboo and then deliver the loaves to the servant. This was his usual routine upon reaching a household.
In simple words: First, the baker said 'Good Morning' to the lady. Then he put his basket on the bamboo stick and gave the bread to the servant.

Exam Tip: Clearly outline the sequence of actions a character performs, especially when asked about a "first" action, to show detailed comprehension.

 

Question 6. How did the baker make his musical entry and carry his basket?
Answer: The baker would enter with a jingling sound from his specially made bamboo staff. He supported the basket on his head with one hand and banged the bamboo on the ground with the other hand. This distinct musical entry announced his arrival to the village.
In simple words: The baker entered making a jingling sound with his bamboo staff. He held his basket on his head with one hand and tapped the bamboo on the ground with the other.

Exam Tip: When describing a characteristic action, ensure you detail both the sounds and movements involved, as these contribute to the vividness of the scene.

 

Answer the Following Question in Five to Six Sentences Each:

 

Question 1. After reading the story 'A Baker from Goa', do you think our traditions, heritage, values and practices are the roots that nourish us ? Why / why not?
Answer: 'A Baker from Goa' emphasizes the importance of making bread for all occasions and festivals for Goan people. This custom still continues today. This shows how our traditional ways can keep us connected to our past and rich heritage. Traditional values help shape our personality and give us emotional support. They enable us to manage tough situations and become mentally strong. Traditional practices also affect our behavior towards other people in society.
In simple words: The story shows that old traditions, like baking bread, help us stay connected to our past. These customs also make us stronger and teach us how to behave well with others.

Exam Tip: When discussing cultural significance, link practices directly to values and their impact on community life.

 

Writing

 

Question 1. In this extract, the author talks about traditional bread-baking during his childhood days. Complete the following table with the help of the clues on the left. Then write a paragraph about the author's childhood days.
Answer:

During the author's childhood in Goa, the baker, known as a pader, held a special place in village life. Bread was baked in traditional furnaces, just like today. The pader would walk around, carrying his basket on his head and using a bamboo staff to announce his presence with a jingling sound. He wore a distinctive dress, consisting of a shirt and short pants, which often made him look funny. The baker's accounts were settled at the end of each month, making him an integral part of the community.
In simple words: In childhood, the author saw bakers use old furnaces and carry bread in baskets. They wore short pants and were paid monthly. Their unique dress made them look amusing.

Exam Tip: When completing tables, extract information accurately and directly from the text. For a descriptive paragraph, summarize the key details in a coherent narrative flow.

 

Question 1. Compare the piece from the text (on the left below) with the other piece on Goan bakers (on the right). What makes the two texts so different ? Are the facts the same ? Do both writers give you a picture of the baker ?
Answer: The topic of both texts is the same, but the descriptions are different. The first text gives information about paders and how they make bread. The second text describes the realities of Portuguese bread that has now vanished. Both writers give a good picture of the baker's role and cultural significance.
In simple words: Both writings are about Goan bakers, but one talks about how they make bread, and the other talks about the old Portuguese bread that isn't around anymore. Both do a good job of showing what the bakers were like.

Exam Tip: When comparing texts, identify similarities in subject matter and differences in focus or tone. Highlight how each text contributes to understanding the topic.

 

Question 2. Now find a travel brochure about a place you have visited. Look at the description in the brochure. Then write your own account, adding details from your own experience, to give the reader a picture of the place, rather than an impersonal, factual description.
Answer: Last year in December, our school announced an educational tour to Amritsar, Punjab. It was the winter vacation time. This trip was only for senior classes XI & XII. Each student had to pay Rs. 2,000 for all expenses. I got permission from my parents, and on the night of December 26, we started for Amritsar. We enjoyed our friends' and teachers' company. The next day at 11 am, we reached there without any problems. First, we went to the hotel that had already been booked. After taking a rest, we started for the 'Golden Temple' in the evening. It looked like a heaven on earth. It was full of lights. The water looked clean. The lights were twinkling in the water. We were very happy. We did not want to leave that place. Late at night, we came back to our hotel. The next day we started for 'Wagah Border'. There we enjoyed a combined drill of Indian and Pakistani soldiers. Really, it was a memorable sight. In the morning of December 29, we returned to Ahmadabad.
In simple words: Our school went on a trip to Amritsar in December. We visited the Golden Temple, which looked beautiful with all its lights. We also saw the Wagah Border ceremony, which was very memorable.

Exam Tip: When writing a personal account, combine factual details with sensory descriptions and emotional responses to make the narrative engaging and vivid for the reader.

 

Part II: Coorg

 

Read the following passages and select the most appropriate answers for the questions given below them:

 

Question 1. The fiercely independent people of Coorg are possibly of Greek or Arabic descent. As one story goes, a part of Alexander's army moved South along the coast and settled here when return became impractical. These people married amongst the locals and their culture is apparent in the martial traditions, marriage and religious rites, which are distinct from the Hindu mainstream. The theory of Arab origin draws support from the long, black belt worn by the Kodavus. Known as kuppia, it resembles the kuffia worn by thef Arabs and the Kurds. Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, and they are : more than willing to recount numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers. The ' Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army, and the first Chief of the Indian Army, General Cariappa was a Coorgi. Even now, Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a licence.
1. The possible origin of the independent people of Coorg could be
A. Greece.
B. Arabia.
C. Afghanistan.
D.'A' or 'B'
Answer: (D) 'A' or 'B'
In simple words: The Coorg people could be from either Greek or Arab backgrounds, according to different stories.

Exam Tip: When asked about multiple possibilities from the text, choose the option that correctly combines all mentioned possibilities.

 

2. While returning, Alexander's army settled along the South coast because
A. they were greatly tired.
B. it had become impractical for them to return.
C. the coastal place was better than their own to get settled for ever.
D. None of these three.
Answer: (B) it had become impractical for them to return.
In simple words: Alexander's army settled in the South because they couldn't go back home.

Exam Tip: Always look for the specific reason stated in the passage when answering "why" questions.

 

3. makes the Coorgies identical with the Arabs.
A. Their tradition of hospitality
B. Their long, black coat
C. The embroidered waist-belt
D. Both 'A' and 'B'
Answer: (C) The embroidered waist-belt
In simple words: The long, black coat with an embroidered waist-belt that Coorgis wear is similar to what Arabs wear.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific cultural markers mentioned in the text that indicate shared origins or similarities.

 

4. The Kodavus have been allowed a special privilege to
A. enter Indian territories without visa.
B. carry firearms without licence.
C. join the Indian army.
D. A11 of these three.
Answer: (B) carry firearms without licence.
In simple words: Kodavus have a special right to own and carry guns without needing a license.

Exam Tip: Identify unique privileges or characteristics attributed to a group as mentioned explicitly in the text.

 

Question 2. The river, Kaveri, obtains its water from the hills and forests of Coorg. Mahaseer-a large freshwater fish-abound in these waters. Kingfishers dive for their catch, while squirrels and langurs drop partially eaten fruit for the mischief of enjoying the splash and the ripple effect in the clear water. Elephants enjoy being bathed and scrubbed in the river by their mahouts. The most laidback individuals become converts to the life of high-energy adventure with river rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing and mountain biking. Numerous walking trails in this region are a favourite with trekkers. Birds, bees and butterflies are there to give you company. Macaques, Malabar squirrels, langurs and slender loris keep a watchful eye from the tree canopy. I do, however, prefer to step aside for wild elephants.
1. Squirrels and langurs enjoy...........
A. partially eaten fish dropped by kingfishers.
B. partially eaten fruit.
C. splash and ripple effect in clear water.
D. Both 'A' and 'B'
Answer: (C) splash and ripple effect in clear water.
In simple words: Squirrels and langurs enjoy watching the water splash and ripple after dropping fruit.

Exam Tip: Read carefully to distinguish between the actions described and the enjoyment derived from those actions.

 

2. Splash and the ripple effect was created in the clear water of the river when
A. the kingfishers dived to catch fish.
B. the partially eaten fruit are dropped by squirrels and langurs.
C. the elephants bathed.
D. None of these three.
Answer: (B) the partially eaten fruit are dropped by squirrels and langurs.
In simple words: The splash and ripple in the river happen when squirrels and langurs drop half-eaten fruit into the clear water.

Exam Tip: Connect cause and effect directly as stated in the passage to identify the correct action that creates the effect.

 

3. Find the odd one out from the following:
A. river rafting
B. canoeing
C. rock climbing
D. rappelling
Answer: (C) rock climbing
In simple words: Rock climbing is different because the other options (river rafting, canoeing, rappelling) are all water-based adventure sports.

Exam Tip: When identifying the "odd one out," look for a common category or characteristic that groups the other options together.

 

4. One of the following belongs to marine life:
A. macaque
B. kingfisher
C. mahaseer
D. loris
Answer: (C) mahaseer
In simple words: A mahaseer is a large freshwater fish, making it the only option related to water-dwelling life.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to animal descriptions; "freshwater fish" directly points to aquatic life.

 

Question 3. Coorg, or Kodagu, the smallest district of Karnataka, is home to evergreen rainforests, spices an,d coffee plantations. Evergreen rainforests %over thirty per cent of this district. During the monsoons, it pours enough to keep many visitors away. The season of joy commences from September and continues till March. The weather is perfect, with some showers thrown in for good measure. The air breathes of invigorating coffee. Coffee estates and colonial bungalows stand tucked under tree canopies in prime corners. (August 20)
1. is home to spices and coffee plantations.
A. Karnataka
B. Kodagu
C. Mangalore
D. Mysore
Answer: (B) Kodagu
In simple words: Kodagu, also called Coorg, is known for its spices and coffee farms.

Exam Tip: Link the specific geographic name to its characteristics as given in the passage.

 

2. Which of the following statements is true ?
A. Coorg has only thirty per cent of coffee plantations.
B. During the monsoons, it pours enough to attract the visitors.
C. Kodagu is covered by thirty per cent of rainforests.
D. The season from March to September is a season of joy.
Answer: (C) Kodagu is covered by thirty per cent of rainforests.
In simple words: The passage says that over thirty percent of Kodagu is covered by evergreen rainforests.

Exam Tip: Carefully check each statement against the facts provided in the passage, especially percentages and seasonal descriptions.

 

3. means 'to fill with energy'.
B. 'Commence'
C. 'Invigorate'
D.'Pours
Answer: (C) 'Invigorate'
In simple words: The word 'invigorate' means to give someone more energy or strength.

Exam Tip: Understand the meaning of vocabulary words in context; "invigorate" directly matches "to fill with energy."

 

4. 'Colonial' here refers to the .............
A, Ancient Indian
B. British
C. Coorgi
D. French
Answer: (B) British
In simple words: In this text, 'colonial' describes something related to the British presence in India.

Exam Tip: In Indian history contexts, "colonial" typically refers to the British period unless specified otherwise.

 

Answer the Following Questions in Three to Four Sentences Each:

 

Question 1. What do you know about the set up of Coorg ?
Answer: Coorg is located midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangaluru. This area, with its rolling hills, is home to a race of brave men, beautiful women, and wild creatures. It is also known by the name 'Kodagu', and can be reached by road, rail, or air from Mangaluru, Bengaluru, or Mysore.
In simple words: Coorg is a hilly place between Mysore and Mangaluru. It has brave people, lovely women, and wild animals, and you can get there by road, train, or plane.

Exam Tip: When describing a location, include its geographical position, key characteristics, and accessibility for a complete answer.

 

Question 2. What is the story of Coorg for Arab origin?
Answer: People believe that Coorgi people have an Arab origin. Kodagus wear a long black coat with an embroidered waist-belt called Kuppia. This dress resembles the Kuffia worn by Arabs and Kurds, supporting the theory of Arab descent.
In simple words: Many think Coorgis came from Arabs. Their traditional black coat, called Kuppia, looks like clothes worn by Arabs, showing this link.

Exam Tip: When explaining cultural origins, always cite specific pieces of evidence, such as traditional attire, to strengthen your answer.

 

Question 3. How can you say that Coorg have speciality for army?
Answer: Coorgi people are known for their martial background. Many tales of bravery are told about their sons and fathers. The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army, and General Cariappa, the first chief of the Indian Army, was a Coorgi. They are also the only people in India allowed to carry firearms without a license.
In simple words: Coorgis are famous warriors with a decorated army regiment. The first Indian Army chief was Coorgi, and they are allowed to carry guns without a license, showing their military history.

Exam Tip: Provide multiple supporting facts, such as military achievements, historical figures, and special privileges, to demonstrate a strong connection to the army.

 

Question 4. How do the wild animals, birds and beasts enjoy the clear water of Kaveri ?
Answer: In the fresh water of Kaveri, one can see fish and other animals enjoying themselves. Squirrels and langurs throw half-eaten fruits into the water to enjoy the splash and ripple effect. Elephants enjoy being bathed and scrubbed in the river by their mahouts, and kingfishers dive for their catch.
In simple words: Animals like fish, squirrels, langurs, and elephants enjoy Kaveri's clean water. Kingfishers also dive there to catch their food.

Exam Tip: Describe the specific interactions each type of animal has with the water to illustrate their enjoyment, as detailed in the text.

 

Question 5. How do we know that Kodavus are a race of warriors ?
Answer: Coorg families proudly narrate stories of bravery related to their sons and fathers. The Coorg Regiment is among the most decorated in the Indian Army with many bravery medals. General Cariappa, the first Chief of the Indian Army, was a Coorgi. Furthermore, Coorgis are the only Indians permitted to carry firearms without a license.
In simple words: We know Kodavus are warriors because their families tell stories of bravery, their army regiment has many awards, and they are allowed to carry guns without a license.

Exam Tip: Support your answer with specific examples like family narratives, regimental honors, and unique legal privileges that highlight their martial heritage.

 

Question 6. How can one reach Coorg ?
Answer: One can reach Coorg by road, rail, or air. There are two road routes from Bengaluru, both approximately 250-260 km long. The route via Mysore is frequently used, while the other route goes via Neelamangal, Kurigal, and Chanraynapatna.
In simple words: You can get to Coorg by road, train, or plane. There are two main road routes from Bengaluru, one through Mysore and another through Neelamangal.

Exam Tip: When detailing travel options, include various modes of transport and specific routes or distances mentioned in the text.

 

Question 7. What is favourite with the trekkers ?
Answer: Trekkers enjoy the refreshing scent of coffee in Coorg. They like water sports such as river rafting, canoeing, rappelling, and mountain biking. In the forests, they can find the company of squirrels and langurs.
In simple words: Trekkers in Coorg love the coffee aroma, exciting water sports, and seeing squirrels and langurs in the woods.

Exam Tip: List specific activities and sensory experiences that appeal to trekkers, directly referencing details from the passage.

 

Question 8. Why do most of the visitors keep away from Coorg during the monsoons ? When do they resume their journey ? Give reasons.
Answer: Most visitors avoid Coorg during the monsoons because it rains very heavily. They resume their journey from September until March, when the weather is ideal with minimal showers.
In simple words: People usually don't visit Coorg during the rainy season because of heavy rain. They start coming again from September to March when the weather is much better.

Exam Tip: Clearly state both the reason for avoidance and the preferred travel period, ensuring both parts of the question are addressed.

 

Question 9. From whom have the inhabitants of Coorg descended, as per the legend?
Answer: As per the legend, a part of Alexander's army, while retreating from India, went South and settled in Coorg when they realized they could not return home. They then married among the local people, and their descendants are the Kodavus (the people of Coorg).
In simple words: The Coorgi people are believed to be descendants of a part of Alexander's army who settled there and married locals.

Exam Tip: When recounting legends, include the main characters, the reason for their settlement, and the outcome, as presented in the source.

 

Question 10. How has the Coorgi tradition of courage and bravery recognised in modern India ?
Answer: The Coorgi tradition of courage and bravery has been recognized by awarding the Coorg Regiment with the most gallantry awards. Additionally, Coorgis are the only Indians allowed to carry firearms without a license.
In simple words: Modern India honors Coorgi bravery by giving their regiment many awards and allowing them to own guns without a license.

Exam Tip: Provide specific examples of modern recognition, such as awards and special permissions, to demonstrate how a tradition is acknowledged today.

 

Question 11. Describe the wildlife of Coorg.
Answer: The wildlife of Coorg includes animals like macaques, langurs, Malabar squirrels, lorises, and elephants. Birds spotted in Coorg commonly cure kingfishers.
In simple words: Coorg has many animals like monkeys, squirrels, and elephants. You can also see kingfishers there.

Exam Tip: When describing wildlife, list specific animals and mention any notable bird species from the area.

 

Question 12. Describe Coorg's weather. When is it most pleasant for the tourists to visit Coorg ?
Answer: Coorg's weather is pleasant during the months from September to March. During this period, the weather is perfect, with some light showers. During the monsoon, however, Coorg receives heavy rainfall.
In simple words: Coorg has nice weather from September to March, with light rain. But during the monsoon, it rains a lot.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the best time to visit and contrast it with less favorable periods, explaining the weather conditions for each.

 

Answer the Following Questions in Five to Six Sentences Each:

 

Question 1. The Coorgis are the descendants of the Greeks or the Arabs are still able to maintain their Why or why not?
Answer: After reading the text, I believe it is important to follow traditional practices, as this has kept the Coorgis' traditions known to people even today. If the people of Coorg had not maintained their traditions, their culture would have vanished, and no one would remember them today. According to the text, their traditions are visible in martial customs, religious rites, and marriages. The Kodavus even wear clothing that resembles Arabs. Traditional practices also play a crucial role in maintaining values among people and influencing their behavior.
In simple words: Following old traditions helps Coorgis keep their culture alive and known today. If they didn't, their traditions would be forgotten. These customs are seen in their warrior ways, weddings, and even their clothes, which also teach good values.

Exam Tip: When discussing the importance of tradition, link its preservation directly to cultural identity, historical memory, and the shaping of community values and behavior.

 

Question 2. How do Coorg's location, people and natural features add to the diversity of India ?
Answer: Coorg is beautifully located, like a piece of heaven from God. It has rolling hills with a clean river and forests full of wildlife. Nature here exists in its untouched beauty, adding to India's diversity. Furthermore, it has coffee and spice plantations, quite different from the rest of India. The local people, the Kodavus, are a warrior race, known for their hospitality, like all Indians. All these aspects of Coorg contribute to our country's diversity.
In simple words: Coorg's beautiful location, unique warrior people, and natural features like coffee farms, forests, and wildlife make India more diverse. It feels like a special piece of heaven.

Exam Tip: To show how a region adds to diversity, describe its unique geographical characteristics, cultural traits of its inhabitants, and distinctive agricultural or natural resources.

 

Part III: Tea From Assam

 

Read the following passages and select the most appropriate answers for the questions given below them:

 

Question 1. The train pulled out of the station, s Pranjol buried his nose in his detective book again. Rajvir too was an ardent fan of detective stories, but at the moment he was keener on looking at the beautiful scenery. It was green, green everywhere. Rajvir had never seen so much greenery before. Then the soft green paddy fields gave way to tea bushes. It was a magnificent view. Against the backdrop of densely wooded hills a sea of tea bushes stretched as far as the eye could see.
1. The phrase 'buried his nose' in the extract suggests
A. 'had severe cold'.
B. 'was deeply engrossed'.
C. 'could not read properly'.
D. None of these three
Answer: (B) 'was deeply engrossed'.
In simple words: 'Buried his nose' means that Pranjol was very focused and concentrated on reading his book.

Exam Tip: Interpret idioms and phrases in context to understand their implied meaning, rather than a literal one.

 

2. looked in the background of the tea bushes.
A. Paddy fields
B. Beautiful scenery of sea
C. Densely wooded hills covered with thickly grown trees
D. Sturdy shade-trees
Answer: (C) Densely wooded hills covered with thickly grown trees
In simple words: Behind the tea bushes, there were many hills covered with thick trees.

Exam Tip: Carefully read the passage to identify background elements and their descriptions.

 

3. Pranjol was not as excited to see the tea bushes as Rajvir because
A. Pranjol did not like tea at all.
B. Pranjol liked urban life more.
C. Pranjol's upbringing was done amidst plantation.
D. Pranjol was in hurry to reach the destination without wasting time to watch tea bushes.
Answer: (C) Pranjol's upbringing was done amidst plantation.
In simple words: Pranjol was not excited about the tea bushes because he grew up in a tea plantation and was already used to seeing them.

Exam Tip: Understand character motivations by referring to their background or experiences as described in the text.

 

4. Pick out the correct statement:
A. People know a lot about the origin of tea.
B. There are so many stories about, the origin of tea.
C. Nobody knows anything about the origin of tea.
Answer: (D) Both 'B' and 'C'.
In simple words: The passage says that many stories exist about tea's origin, but no one truly knows its exact beginning.

Exam Tip: When evaluating statements, look for direct textual evidence that supports or refutes each option.

 

Question 2. "Tea was first drunk in China,” Rajvir added, “as far back as 2700 B.C.! In fact words such as tea, 'chai' and 'chini' are from Chinese. Tea came to Europe only in the sixteenth century and was drunk more as medicine than as beverage.” The train clattered into Mariani junction. The boys collected their luggage and pushed their way to the crowded platform. Pranjol's parents were waiting for them. Soon, they were driving towards Dhekiabari, the tea garden managed by Pranjol's father. An hour later the car veered sharply off the main road. They crossed a cattle-bridge and entered Dhekiabari Tea Estate. On both sides of the gravel-road were acre upon acre of tea bushes, all neatly pruned to the same height. Groups of tea-pluckers, with bamboo baskets on their backs, wearing plastic aprons, were plucking the newly sprouted leaves.
1. The origin of tea goes back to
A. 16th century.
B. 2700 B.C.
C. 3rd century.
D. 6th century.
Answer: (B) 2700 B.C.
In simple words: Tea was first consumed in China as early as 2700 B.C., according to the text.

Exam Tip: Pinpoint exact dates or timeframes mentioned in the passage for historical facts.

 

2. Dhekiabari was
A. a railway-station.
B. Pranjol's native place.
C. tea garden managed by Pranjol's father.
D. None of these three
Answer: (C) tea garden managed by Pranjol's father.
In simple words: Dhekiabari is the tea garden that Pranjol's father manages.

Exam Tip: Identify the correct relationship between a place and a character as described in the narrative.

 

3. The onomatopoeic word used in this extract is
A. 'clattered'.
C. 'pruned'.
D. 'sprouted'.
Answer: (A) 'clattered'.
In simple words: 'Clattered' is a sound word that describes the noise of the train moving into the station.

Exam Tip: Onomatopoeic words imitate the sounds they represent; look for words that describe noises directly.

 

4. Pick out the incorrect sentence from the following:
A. They reached Dhekiabari by a car.
B. All the tea-plants looked of the same height as they were grown in such a way
C. The tea-pluckers were carrying bamboo baskets on their backs.
D. Dhekiabari Tea Estate was managed by Pranjol's father.
Answer: (B) All the tea-plants looked of the same height as they were grown in such a way
In simple words: The passage states that the tea bushes were "all neatly pruned to the same height," not "grown in such a way" to be the same height.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between natural growth and human intervention (like pruning) when analyzing descriptions of plants.

 

Answer the Following Questions in Three to Four Sentences Each:

 

Question 1. Describe the scenery outside the train. Where were Pranjol and Rajvir going by train?
Answer: Outside the train, there were lush green forests everywhere. Rajvir had never seen so much greenery before. Soon, the soft green paddy fields gave way to tea bushes. Both Pranjol and Rajvir were traveling to Assam by train. Pranjol's father, Mr. Barua, managed a tea garden in Dhekiabari, Upper Assam.
In simple words: The view from the train was all green forests and paddy fields, then tea bushes. Pranjol and Rajvir were going to Assam by train.

Exam Tip: When describing scenery, use descriptive adjectives and mention the sequence of landscapes encountered. Also, clearly state the destination.

 

Question 2. What did they see on both sides of the gravel-road ?
Answer: On both sides of the gravel-road, they saw acres and acres of tea bushes. These were all neatly pruned to the same height. Groups of tea-pluckers, with bamboo baskets on their backs, wore plastic aprons and were picking the newly sprouted leaves.
In simple words: Along the road, they saw many tea bushes, all trimmed to the same height. Tea-pickers with baskets on their backs were collecting fresh leaves.

Exam Tip: Detail both the natural landscape and the human activity observed to provide a complete picture of the scene.

 

Question 3. Why was Pranjol's father surprised?
Answer: Pranjol's father was surprised when Rajvir showed how much he knew about tea. Rajvir mentioned that it was the second-flush or sprouting period, which lasts from May to July and yields the best tea, displaying knowledge beyond his age.
In simple words: Pranjol's father was surprised because Rajvir knew a lot about tea, like when the best leaves are picked.

Exam Tip: Explain the reason for a character's surprise by referencing the specific information or action that caused it.

 

Grammar

Rectify the errors in each of the following lines as shown in the example:

Question 1. Rectify the errors in the following sentence: Marriage gifts are meaningful without the sweet bread know as the bol, just as a party or a feast lost its charm without bread. Not enough can say to show what important a baker can be for a village.

Answer:

Exam Tip: For grammar correction tasks, carefully read the entire sentence to identify incorrect word choices, verb forms, and sentence structures that need fixing.

 

Question 2. Rectify the errors in the following sentence: Coorg homes have a tradition of hospitalism, and they are more then willing to recount numerous tales of valour relates to their sons and fathers. The Coorg Regiment is the most decorated in the Indian army.

Answer:

Exam Tip: Pay attention to noun forms (e.g., Coorg vs. Coorgi), proper prepositions, and comparative structures when correcting sentences.

 

Question 3. Rectify the errors in the following sentence: In the backdrop of densely wooded hills a sea of tea bushes stretches as lohg as eyes could see. Dwarfing the tiny teaplants were small shade-trees and among the orderly rows of bushes busily moved doll-like figures.

Answer:

Exam Tip: Focus on prepositions, verb tenses, and adjectives to ensure accuracy in descriptive sentences, especially when describing scenery.

 

Turn the following dialogue into Indirect narration of speech:

Question 1. Convert the following dialogue into indirect narration: "Hey, a tea garden!” Rajvir cried excitedly. "Oh, this is tea country now," Pranjol said. “Assam has the largest concentration of plantations in the world. You will see enough gardens to last you a lifetime !” "I have been reading as much as I could about tea,” Rajvir said. No one really knows who discovered tea but there are many legends."

Answer: Having encountered a tea garden, Rajvir shouted with excitement about it. Responding to his keenness, Pranjol shared the information that Assam has the biggest number of tea gardens globally. He then mentioned that Rajvir would get to see sufficient gardens for a whole life. Rajvir also stated that he had been reading extensively about tea, and many stories exist about its finding, with no one truly knowing its origin.

Exam Tip: When converting dialogue to indirect speech, remember to change pronouns, verb tenses, and time/place expressions as needed, and use reporting verbs like 'said', 'asked', 'exclaimed', 'shared', or 'mentioned'.

 

Question 2. Convert the following dialogue into indirect narration: "This is the second-flush or sprouting period, isn't it, Mr Barua?” Rajvir asked. “It lasts from May to July and yields the best tea.” “You seem to have done your homework before coming,” Pranjol's father said in surprise. “Yes, Mr Barua,” Rajvir admitted. “But I hope to learn much more while I'm here.”

Answer: Rajvir questioned Mr Barua if it was not the second-flush or growth period. He further explained that it lasted from May to July and produced the finest tea. Pranjol's father expressed his astonishment, remarking that Rajvir seemed to have completed his preparation before arriving. Rajvir confirmed this to Mr Barua and conveyed his wish to gain much more knowledge during his stay.

Exam Tip: For interrogative sentences in indirect speech, use 'asked' and convert the question into a statement, using 'if' or 'whether' for yes/no questions.

 

Question 1. Transform the following sentences as instructed:
(1) Those age-old, time-tested furnaces still exist. (Turn into Negative.)
(2) The jingling thud of his bamboo woke us up from sleep. (Change the Voice.)
(3) Coorg, or Kodagu is the smallest district of Karnataka. (Change the Degree.)
(4) Who would take the trouble of plucking the mango-leaf for the toothbrush? (Turn into Assertive.)
(5) The baker usually collected his bills at the end of the month. (Use 'used to'.)
(6) I have been reading as much as I could about tea. (Use 'be able to'.)
(7) It was a magnificent view. (Turn into Exclamatory.)

Answer:
(1) Those old, time-tested ovens have still not vanished.
(2) We were awakened from slumber by the jingling sound of his bamboo.
(3) Coorg, or Kodagu, is smaller than any other region in Karnataka.
OR
No other district in Karnataka is as small as Coorg, or Kodagu.
(4) Nobody would bother to pull the mango-leaf for the toothbrush.
(5) The baker used to gather his payments at the conclusion of the month.
(6) I have been studying as much as I am able to about tea.
(7) What a grand sight it was!

Exam Tip: Understand the rules for each type of sentence transformation (negative, passive voice, degrees of comparison, assertive, exclamatory) to ensure accurate conversion.

 

Writing

Question 1. In this extract, the author talks about traditional bread-baking during his childhood days. Complete the following table with the help of the clues on the left. Then write a paragraph about the author's childhood days.

Clues
the way bread was baked
the way the pader sold bread
what the pader wore
when the pader was paid
how the pader looked

Answer:

During the author's childhood, bread was baked in traditional furnaces, just like today. The pader would sell bread by carrying a basket on his head, moving around with a bamboo staff in hand. He used to dress in a shirt and short pants, and he received his payment at the end of each month. His unique dress made him appear quite amusing to the children.

Exam Tip: When filling out tables from a text, ensure each entry directly answers the corresponding clue. For descriptive paragraphs, combine the information logically and add flow words to create a cohesive narrative.

 

Glimpses of India Summary in English

Part I: A Baker From Goa

A Baker From Goa Introduction:

Lucio Rodrigues (1916-1973) was one of the few impressive Konkani essayists. He was very important in Goan folklore. He contributed several pieces in English and Konkani to different publications and gave many radio talks. Besides working as a professor, he shared his knowledge widely.

A Baker From Goa Summary:

The traditional Goan village baker still holds a significant position in his local area. Goa is a location with a diverse mix of French, English, and Portuguese cultures. This lesson describes a village baker who reminds us of the past Portuguese times.

The baker arrives with a "jhang-jhang" sound from his bamboo stick. One hand holds the basket on his head, while the other taps the bamboo on the ground. He puts down the basket, and pleading children gather to see what types of snacks he has. They purchase the loaves and sometimes consume them without even brushing their teeth.

Bakers are deeply connected with the local customs of the Goan community, making their presence essential. Wedding presents are incomplete without the sweet bread called 'bol'. Cakes and 'bolinhas' are a necessity for celebrations. Their distinct outfit is called 'kabai', and they are known as 'pader'. They lead a happy life, earning good money. Their healthy body shows how well they are fed.

Part II: Coorg

Coorg Introduction:

Lokesh Abrol is a consultant in Internal Medicine. He founded Gurgaon's first multi-specialty hospital and emergency service in the private sector in 1991. He is the Director of Hult Prize India and the Founder Director of Aravindam Foundation, Gurgaon. He also serves as the Founder Trustee of Vishnu Charitable Trust.

He set up Gurgaon's first stray cow shelter (Kamdhenudham / Nandi Dham) and a 24-hour veterinary service in partnership with Municipal Corporation Gurgaon. He also started the INA Veterans Memorial Aravali Forest plantation across 300 acres of Panchayat land in Pachgaon village, near Manesar, Gurgaon.

Coorg is situated halfway between Mysore and Mangalore. It looks like a fragment of paradise on Earth. This hilly area is home to brave men, beautiful women, and wild creatures. It is also called 'Kodagu'. You can reach Coorg from Mangaluru, Bengaluru, or Mysore by train, road, or air.

Coorg is Karnataka's smallest district. It is home to always green forests, spices, and coffee farms. It rains heavily during the monsoon season, so visitors often stay away. However, the months from September to March are very pleasant. The air is filled with the fresh scent of coffee.

The people of Coorg lead a fully independent existence. It is thought that they descended from either the Greeks or the Arabs. Based on the Greek idea, a portion of Alexander's army could not return and settled here. These individuals intermarried with the local population. The Greeks' martial customs, marriage, and religious ceremonies are clearly visible among the Coorg people. According to the Arab idea, the kuppia (a long, black coat with an embroidered belt) worn by the Kodavus looks like the kuffia worn by Arabs and Kurds.

Kodavus or Coorgis are renowned for their courage and welcoming nature. The Coorg regiment in the Indian Army has earned numerous awards for bravery. General Cariappa, the Indian Army's first chief, was a Coorgi.

The Kaveri river gets its water from Coorg's hills and forests. The region is rich in animals like elephants, kingfishers, squirrels, langurs, and parrots. The most common adventure sports include river rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing, and mountain biking. Nisargadhama island is a beautiful place beyond the Brahmagiri hills. The Buddhist monks who settled here provide us a look into India's core identity.

Part III: Tea From Assam

Tea From Assam Introduction:

Arup Kumar Datta is an Indian writer and journalist who lives in Guwahati, Assam. He has written 16 books for adults and 17 adventure books for young readers. In 2014, he got the Life Time Achievement Honour from the Association of Writers and Illustrators for Children, New Delhi, which is the Indian part of the International Board of Books for Young People. He has also won many awards, including the Shankar's Award in 1979, given to celebrate the International Year of the Child. The Government of India gave him the Padma Shri in 2018, which is the fourth highest civilian award.

Tea From Assam Summary:

'Tea from Assam', written by Arup Kumar Datta, is an educational story. The story is about the tea gardens of Assam.

Pranjol, a young boy from Assam, is Rajvir's schoolmate in Delhi. Pranjol's father manages a tea garden in Upper Assam, and Pranjol has invited Rajvir to come to his house during the summer holidays. Rajvir travels to Assam by train with Pranjol and enjoys the beautiful views. They arrive at Mariani junction and then at Pranjol's father's tea garden.

Around 80 million cups of tea are consumed globally each day.

Regarding tea's beginning, it is believed that a Buddhist monk felt sleepy during meditation. To prevent this, he cut off his eyelids and threw them away. A few small plants grew from them. It is said these were tea leaves that helped get rid of sleep after being boiled and consumed.

Another common story explains that a Chinese king always drank boiled water. Some small branches fell into his boiling water. After consuming it, his sleep disappeared. They named it tea. Tea was first consumed in China as early as 2700 BC. The words "chai" and "chini" come from China.

Tea from Assam is considered the finest type of tea in the entire world. The best harvest happens from May to July each year.