CUET Chemistry

Unit I: Solutions

• Introduction to solution and its type, expressing concentration of solutions, solubility of a solid in liquid, solubility of a gas in a liquid, Henry’s Law.
• Vapour pressure of liquid-liquid solutions, Raoult’s law Vapour Pressure of Solutions of Solids in Liquids, Ideal & Non Ideal Solutions, Azeotropes (elementary idea only).
• Colligative properties and Determination of Molar Mass: Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure, Elevation of Boiling Point, Depression of Freezing point, Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure, Reverse Osmosis & Water Purification.
• Abnormal Molar Masses, Van’t Hoff factor.

Note for Students: This unit covers the fundamental behavior of solutions, focusing on concentration methods and the quantitative study of colligative properties.

Unit II: Electrochemistry

• Electrochemical Cells, Galvanic Cells, Standard Electrode potential and its measurement, EMF of cell.
• Nernst Equation & its applications (calculation of equilibrium constant and Ecell calculations), Electrochemical Cell & Gibbs Energy of the reaction.
• Conductance of electrolytic Solutions, Measurement of the conductivity of Ionic Solutions, Specific & Molar Conductivity.
• Variation of Conductivity and molar conductivity with Concentration, Kohlrausch law & its applications.
• Electrolytic Cells & Electrolysis, Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis, Products of Electrolysis.
• Batteries- Primary & Secondary batteries, fuel cell, Corrosion.

Note for Students: Focus on the relationship between chemical energy and electrical energy, including practical applications like batteries and corrosion prevention.

Unit III: Chemical Kinetics

• Introduction to chemical kinetics, Rate of a chemical reaction (Average and instantaneous rate of reactions).
• Factors influencing rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst, Rate law and rate constant.
• Order and molecularity of a reaction, integrated rate equations and half-life of a reaction (for zero and first order reactions only), pseudo first order reactions.
• Arrhenius equation, activation energy, collision theory for a bimolecular elementary chemical reactions and its limitations.

Note for Students: This unit details how reaction rates are measured and the mathematical models used to predict the speed of chemical processes.

Unit IV: d and f Block Elements

• General introduction to d and f-block elements, Position of d- and f-block elements in the periodic Table, Electronic configurations of the d- and f-block elements.
• General properties of the transition elements & their trends: Physical properties, atomic & ionic sizes- lanthanoid contraction, Ionisation Enthalpies, Oxidation states.
• Standard electrode potential trends for M2+/M & M3+/M2+, Stability of Higher oxidation states, Chemical reactivity and E° values.
• Magnetic properties, Formation of coloured Ions, Formation of Complex compounds, Catalytic properties.
• Formation of Interstitial Compounds, Alloy Formation, Nature of Oxides & Oxanions of d-block Metals.
• Some important compounds of transition elements- K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
• f-block elements: Lanthanoids & actinoids: general properties, Atomic & Ionic sizes, Oxidation States, Comparison of actinoids with Lanthanoids, Applications of d-and f- Block elements.

Note for Students: Explore the unique electronic configurations and properties of transition metals, including their industrial and laboratory applications.

Unit V: Coordination Compounds

• General Introduction to Coordination/complex compounds, Werner’s theory, double salts.
• Basic definitions: coordination entity, central atom/ion, Ligands, coordination number, coordination sphere, coordination polyhedron, oxidation number of central atom.
• Homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes, IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, Isomerism in coordination compounds.
• Bonding in coordination compounds- Valence Bond theory (VBT) and its limitations, crystal field theory (CFT): applications (magnetic properties and colour of complex compounds) and limitations.
• Spectrochemical series, Shape and Bonding in metal carbonyls, Importance & Applications of coordination compounds.

Note for Students: This unit introduces the complex structures and bonding theories that explain the stability and colors of coordination complexes.

Unit VI: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• Introduction, Classification of haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Nomenclature of Haloalkanes & Haloarenes, nature of C-X Bond.
• Methods of preparation of Haloalkanes & Haloarenes, Physical properties of Haloalkanes & Haloarenes (like Melting & boiling Point, Density and Solubility).
• Chemical Properties of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Stereochemical aspects (optical activity, Chirality, retention, inversion, racemization etc) of SN- Reactions of Haloalkanes.
• Important Polyhalogen Compounds (CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, CHI₃, CCl₄, freons & DDT).

Note for Students: Study the synthesis and reaction mechanisms of halogenated organic compounds, emphasizing stereochemistry and environmental impact.

Unit VII: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

• Classification & nomenclature of alcohols, phenols & Ethers, Structures of functional groups (alcohol, phenols & ethers).
• Methods of preparation of alcohols, Phenols and Ethers, Physical properties of alcohols, phenols and Ethers (boiling point & solubility).
• Chemical properties of alcohols involving cleavage of –C-OH bond & -CO-H bond, Chemical properties of phenols including oxidation & Reduction.
• Chemical properties of Ethers, Some Commercially important Alcohols like methanol & Ethanol.

Note for Students: Understand the physical and chemical behavior of hydroxyl and ether functional groups in various organic reactions.

Unit VIII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

• General introduction to carbonyl compounds, Nomenclature of Aldehydes, Ketones and carboxylic acids, structure of Carbonyl group.
• Methods of preparation of Aldehydes & Ketones, Physical properties of aldehydes & ketones (boiling point & solubility).
• Chemical properties of aldehydes & ketones, Uses of Aldehydes & Ketones.
• Structure of Carboxyl group, Methods of preparation of Carboxylic Acids, Physical properties (Boiling point & Solubility) and Chemical properties of carboxylic acids, Uses of Carboxylic Acids.

Note for Students: This unit focuses on the reactive carbonyl and carboxyl groups, essential in both synthetic chemistry and biological processes.

Unit IX: Amines

• General Introduction, Structure of Amines, Classification & Nomenclature of amines, Methods of preparation of Amines.
• Physical properties of amines (Boiling point & solubility), Basic Character & Chemical properties of amines.
• Aliphatic & aromatic Diazonium salts: Method of preparation, Physical and chemical properties, Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of aromatic Compounds.

Note for Students: Explore the nitrogen-containing organic bases, their basicity, and the synthetic utility of diazonium salts.

Unit X: Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates: Classification of carbohydrates, Methods of preparation of glucose, Structure of Glucose, D&L configuration of monosaccharides, method of preparation of fructose, structure of fructose.
• Disaccharides: sucrose, maltose and lactose, polysaccharides: starch, cellulose and glycogen, importance of carbohydrates.
• Amino acids and their classifications, structure and types of proteins, denaturation of proteins.
• Enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action (elementary idea), Vitamins: Types, sources and deficiency diseases.
• Nucleic acids: types, composition, structure and biological importance, Hormones: classification, biological importance and deficiency diseases.

Note for Students: This unit bridges chemistry and biology, explaining the structure and function of essential life-sustaining molecules.