NEET Physics Alternating Current Revision Notes

Alternating Current Concept Notes for Full Course: Alternating Current

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Alternating Current:
 
An alternating current (a.c.) is a current which continuously, changes in magnitude and periodically reverse in direction’.
i = I0 sin ωt = I0 sin (2π/T) t
Here I0 is the peak value of a.c.
(a) Current, I =I0 sin ωt
(b) Angular frequency, ω= 2πn (n is the frequency of a.c.)
(c) I =I0 sin 2πnt

 

NEET Physics Alternating Current Revision Notes

 

• Mean value of A.C or D.C. value of A.C.:-
 
Mean value of a.c. is that value of steady current which sends the same amount of charge, through a circuit, in same time as is done by a.c. in one half-cycle.
 
NEET Physics Alternating Current Revision Notes-1
 
(Iav)half cycle = (2/π)I0
Thus, mean value of alternating current is 2/π times (0.637 times) its peak value.
(Vav)half cycle = (2/π) V0
 
• Average value of A.C. over a complete cycle:-
Iav = 0
The average value of a.c. taken over the complete cycle of a.c.is zero.
 
• Root mean square value of a.c. or virtual value of a.c.:-
 
Root mean square value of alternating current is defined as that value of steady current which produces same heating effect, in a resistance, in a certain time as is produced by the alternating current in same resistance in same time. The r.m.s value of a.c.is also called its virtual value.

Irms = I0/√2

Root mean square value of alternating current is I/√2 times (or 0.707 times) the peak value of current.
 
Similarly, Vrms= V0/√2
Here V0 is the peak value of e.m.f.
 
• Form Factor:-
Form Factor = rms value/average value = (V0/√2)/ (2 V0/π) = π/2√2
 
• Current elements:-
(a) Inductive reactance:- XL = ωL
Here, ω = 2πn, n being frequency of a.c.
L is the coefficient of self-inductance of coil.
 
(b) Capacitative reactance:- Xc = 1/ωC
Here C is the capacity of the condenser
 
• Capacitor in AC circuit:-
q = CV0sinωt
I = I0 sin(ωt +π/2)
V0 = I0/ωC
Xc = 1/ωC
NEET-Physics-Alternating-Current-Revision-Notes 1
 
• Inductor in AC circuit:-
VL = L(dI/dt) = LI0ω cosωt
I = (V0/ ωL) sinωt
Here, I0 = V0/ ωL
XL = ωL
And the maximum current, I0 = V0/XL
NEET-Physics-Alternating-Current-Revision-Notes 2
 
• R-L circuit:-
?I = ε/R [1-e-Rt/L]
V = ε e-Rt/L

NEET-Physics-Alternating-Current-Revision-Notes 3

• Graph between I (amp) and t (sec):-
NEET-Physics-Alternating-Current-Revision-Notes 4
?
 
• Graph between potential difference across inductor and time:-
NEET-Physics-Alternating-Current-Revision-Notes 5
 
?
 
• L-C Circuit:-
 
?
f = 1/2π√LC
q = q0 sin (ωt+?)
I = q0ωsin (ωt+?)
ω = 1/√LC

NEET-Physics-Alternating-Current-Revision-Notes 6

 

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