CBSE Class 7 Science Advanced Biology Transportation in Plants and Animals Very Short Answer Questions Set 01

Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1. In plants, food transport takes place through ______.
Answer:
Phloem.
In simple words: Phloem is the food-carrying tube of a plant.

Teacher's Note:
1. Xylem is for water and phloem is for food; keep the pair straight.
2. Food made in leaves is sent out through the phloem.

Question 2. Specialized openings present on leaves are called ______.
Answer:
Stomata (singular: stoma).
In simple words: Stomata are tiny holes on leaves.

Teacher's Note:
1. Each stoma is guarded by two guard cells.
2. Gases and water vapour leave and enter the leaf through stomata.

Question 3. Absorption of water by root hair involves ______.
Answer:
Osmosis.
Water moves from the soil into the root hair cell through its semi-permeable membrane. Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion of water.
In simple words: Roots take in water by osmosis.

Teacher's Note:
1. The key in the book gives diffusion, but the textbook itself calls this movement of water osmosis, which is the more exact term.
2. Look for the words 'semi-permeable membrane' and 'water' to pick osmosis.

Question 4. Sieve tube elements are part of ______.
Answer:
Phloem.
In simple words: Sieve tubes belong to the phloem.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sieve tube elements and companion cells are found together in the phloem.
2. Tracheids and vessels are the elements of xylem.

Question 5. Plants synthesize food through the process of ______.
Answer:
Photosynthesis.
In simple words: Plants make food by photosynthesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Photosynthesis needs water, carbon dioxide, sunlight and chlorophyll.
2. The food formed is a carbohydrate.

Question 6. The device used to check heart beat is ______.
Answer:
Stethoscope.
In simple words: A doctor listens to the heartbeat with a stethoscope.

Teacher's Note:
1. The stethoscope is placed on the chest to hear the heart sounds.
2. It can also be used to listen to the pulse.

Question 7. The condition characterized by high blood pressure is ______.
Answer:
Hypertension.
In simple words: Hypertension means high blood pressure.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hyper means above normal.
2. It is one of the heart-related disorders.

Question 8. The artery that carries impure blood is ______.
Answer:
Pulmonary artery.
It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
In simple words: The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries impure blood.

Teacher's Note:
1. Most arteries carry pure blood, so this one is the exception.
2. It leaves from the right ventricle.

Question 9. Fish heart has ______ chambers.
Answer:
Two (one atrium and one ventricle).
In simple words: A fish heart has two chambers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Two-chambered heart: fish; three-chambered: amphibians and most reptiles; four-chambered: birds and mammals.
2. Blood passes through the fish heart only once in a full round.

Question 10. The main artery that carries pure blood is ______.
Answer:
Aorta.
In simple words: The aorta is the main artery of pure blood.

Teacher's Note:
1. It starts from the left ventricle.
2. It is the largest artery of the body.

Question 11. Reptilian heart contains ______.
Answer:
Three chambers (two atria and one ventricle). Crocodiles are the exception, as they have four chambers.
In simple words: A reptile has a three-chambered heart, except crocodiles.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mention the crocodile exception if you have room to write more.
2. Amphibians also have three chambers.

Question 12. Colourless fluid that takes part in material transport in insect is ______.
Answer:
Haemolymph.
In simple words: Haemolymph is the body fluid of insects.

Teacher's Note:
1. Insects have an open circulatory system.
2. Do not confuse haemolymph (insects) with haemoglobin (RBCs).

Question 13. The concave disc-shaped blood cell is ______.
Answer:
RBC (red blood cell or erythrocyte).
In simple words: The disc-shaped cell that is pressed in on both sides is the red blood cell.

Teacher's Note:
1. The proper word is biconcave: curved inwards on both faces.
2. It has no nucleus when mature.

Question 14. Blood from right atrium reaches ______.
Answer:
Right ventricle.
In simple words: After the right atrium, blood goes to the right ventricle.

Teacher's Note:
1. The path is right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs.
2. The right side of the heart always holds deoxygenated blood.

Question 15. The artery that carries impure blood from heart to lungs is ______.
Answer:
Pulmonary artery.
In simple words: It is the pulmonary artery.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pulmonary means related to the lungs.
2. This is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood.

Question 16. Define stomata.
Answer:
Stomata are small openings present on the surface of plant leaves. Each stoma is enclosed by two kidney-shaped cells called guard cells. Water vapour is lost through them during transpiration.
In simple words: Stomata are the tiny pores on a leaf.

Teacher's Note:
1. Draw a stoma with two bean-shaped guard cells if the question allows a diagram.
2. Stomata also let carbon dioxide and oxygen pass in and out.

Question 17. What are the various elements of xylem and phloem?
Answer:
Elements of xylem: tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres.
Elements of phloem: sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.
In simple words: Xylem has four parts and phloem has four parts.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the two lists side by side; parenchyma and fibres appear in both.
2. The tracheids, vessels and fibres of xylem are dead parts.

Question 18. What are capillaries?
Answer:
Capillaries are the very fine blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Their wall is only one cell thick.
In simple words: Capillaries are the tiny vessels between arteries and veins.

Teacher's Note:
1. Exchange of gases and nutrients with the cells takes place in the capillaries.
2. They have no valves.

Question 19. Give a note on heart failure.
Answer:
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of the different parts of the body.
In simple words: In heart failure the heart cannot pump as much blood as the body needs.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is different from a heart attack, in which the heart muscle is damaged for lack of blood supply.
2. Keep the definition to one clear sentence.