CBSE Class 10 Social Science Water Resources MCQs Set 06

Answer: (b) Tanks

Explanation:
1. In the Peninsular plateau region, the hard rock terrain limits groundwater and canal irrigation.
2. Tanks, which collect and store rainwater and runoff, are the dominant source of irrigation there.

Teacher's Note:
a) Peninsular India's hard-rock terrain favours tank irrigation over canals.
b) Tanks are especially widespread in the southern plateau states.

Answer: (b) A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii

Explanation:
1. Sileru is in Andhra Pradesh (A-iii); Dhuvaran is in Gujarat (B-i); Shabarigiri is in Kerala (C-iv); and Chakra is in Karnataka (D-ii).

Teacher's Note:
a) Sileru = Andhra Pradesh; Dhuvaran = Gujarat.
b) Shabarigiri = Kerala; Chakra = Karnataka.

Answer: (d) Chipko Movement

Explanation:
1. Reni village in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, is where the Chipko Movement began, led by local women (notably Gaura Devi) hugging trees to stop them being felled.

Teacher's Note:
a) Reni village (Chamoli, Uttarakhand) is the birthplace of the Chipko Movement.
b) Local women hugged trees to prevent commercial felling of the forest.

Answer: (d) 1873

Explanation:
1. The term 'acid rain' was first coined in the 19th century, around 1873.

Teacher's Note:
a) The term 'acid rain' dates back to the 1870s.
b) It was coined to describe rainfall made acidic by atmospheric pollutants.

Answer: (d) Permeable Rocks

Explanation:
1. Rocks that let water pass through quickly are called permeable rocks.

Teacher's Note:
a) Permeable rocks allow water to seep through rapidly.
b) This property affects how groundwater recharges in a region.

Answer: (c) Mahanadi

Explanation:
1. Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi river in Odisha.

Teacher's Note:
a) Hirakud Dam lies on the Mahanadi river.
b) It is one of the longest earthen dams in the world.

Answer: (b) Hugli

Explanation:
1. The Damodar river is a tributary of the Hugli (Hooghly) river, which it joins near Kolkata.

Teacher's Note:
a) Damodar joins the Hugli river, a distributary of the Ganga.
b) It flows through the Chota Nagpur Plateau before reaching the Hugli.

Answer: (a) Decreasing

Explanation:
1. Due to a growing population and finite freshwater resources, water availability per person in India is decreasing over time.

Teacher's Note:
a) Per-person water availability is falling as population grows.
b) This makes water conservation and equitable distribution increasingly important.

Answer: (b) Tamil Nadu

Explanation:
1. Tamil Nadu made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory for houses to recharge groundwater and ease water scarcity.

Teacher's Note:
a) Tamil Nadu was the first Indian state to mandate rooftop rainwater harvesting.
b) The rule applies to all houses to help recharge groundwater.

Answer: (b) Rainfall

Explanation:
1. Heavy rainfall, concentrated into fast-flowing channels, cuts deep gullies into the soil, causing gully erosion.

Teacher's Note:
a) Rainfall running off in concentrated channels causes gully erosion.
b) This differs from sheet erosion, where water flows evenly over a larger area.

Answer: (d) Satluj river

Explanation:
1. The Indira Gandhi Canal draws water from the Satluj (Sutlej) river system, carrying it into the Thar Desert region of Rajasthan.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Indira Gandhi Canal's water source is the Satluj river.
b) It irrigates large stretches of the desert in northern Rajasthan.

Answer: (b) Narmada

Explanation:
1. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is built on the Narmada river.

Teacher's Note:
a) Sardar Sarovar Dam is one of the largest dams on the Narmada river.
b) It supplies irrigation and drinking water to parts of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan.

Answer: (c) Rajasthan

Explanation:
1. Rana Pratap Sagar Dam, on the Chambal river, is located in Rajasthan.

Teacher's Note:
a) Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is in Rajasthan.
b) It lies on the Chambal river, part of a multi-dam project.

Answer: (b) Meghalaya

Explanation:
1. The bamboo drip irrigation system, used for watering plantation crops, is prevalent in Meghalaya.

Teacher's Note:
a) Bamboo drip irrigation is a traditional Meghalaya practice.
b) It channels water from streams to plantation crops via bamboo pipes.

Answer: (b) Dams have helped provide ample water for agriculture

Explanation:
1. Among these, the accurate and uncontroversial statement is that dams have helped provide ample water for irrigation and agriculture.

Teacher's Note:
a) Dams genuinely help supply water for irrigation and agriculture.
b) The other listed claims overstate dams' benefits or ignore their real costs (sediment flow, displacement).

Answer: (a) Sardar Sarovar Dam

Explanation:
1. The Narmada Bachao Andolan was a movement against the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada river.

Teacher's Note:
a) Narmada Bachao Andolan opposed the Sardar Sarovar Dam.
b) It raised concerns over large-scale displacement caused by the project.

Answer: (c) Gendathur

Explanation:
1. Gendathur, a remote village in Mysuru (Karnataka), became known for its rainwater richness, achieved through rooftop rainwater harvesting.

Teacher's Note:
a) Gendathur village is known for its rainwater richness.
b) Almost every house there has a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure.

Answer: (a) Rajasthan

Explanation:
1. Tankas are traditional underground tanks for storing rainwater for drinking, found in almost every house in Rajasthan, particularly Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer.

Teacher's Note:
a) Tankas are a Rajasthan tradition for storing drinking water underground.
b) They were historically central to household water security in the Thar Desert region.

Answer: (d) Yamuna

Explanation:
1. Unlike Satluj-Beas (Bhakra), Mahanadi (Hirakud) and Narmada (Sardar Sarovar), the Yamuna does not have a major multipurpose river project.

Teacher's Note:
a) Yamuna lacks a major multipurpose project, unlike the other three rivers.
b) Satluj-Beas, Mahanadi and Narmada each host well-known multipurpose dams.

Answer: (b) Chandragupta Maurya

Explanation:
1. Dams, lakes and irrigation systems were built extensively during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya.

Teacher's Note:
a) Chandragupta Maurya's reign saw extensive dam/lake/irrigation construction.
b) This reflects ancient India's long tradition of water management.

Answer: (c) Diversion channels

Explanation:
1. Guls (or Kuls) were diversion channels used in the Western Himalayas for irrigation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Guls/Kuls were diversion channels for irrigation.
b) They are a traditional water-management method of the Western Himalayas.

Answer: (a) Uttarakhand

Explanation:
1. The Tehri Dam Andolan is concerned with the Tehri Dam on the Bhagirathi river in Uttarakhand.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Tehri Dam Andolan is based in Uttarakhand.
b) It raised concerns over the dam's environmental and social impact.

Answer: (c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large-scale displacement and loss of livelihood

Explanation:
1. Displacement and loss of livelihood is a drawback of multi-purpose projects, not an argument in their favour, unlike the other three listed benefits.

Teacher's Note:
a) Displacement/loss of livelihood is a cost of multi-purpose projects, not a benefit.
b) The other three options are genuine arguments in favour.

Answer: (d) Oceans

Explanation:
1. Oceans hold saline water, not fresh water, unlike glaciers, groundwater and surface runoff.

Teacher's Note:
a) Oceans are a saline, not fresh, water source.
b) Glaciers, groundwater and surface runoff are all genuine freshwater sources.

Answer: (a) Water availability is less than 1000 cubic metres per person per year

Explanation:
1. The Falkenmark indicator defines water stress as water availability falling below 1000 cubic metres per person per year.

Teacher's Note:
a) Falkenmark's water-stress threshold is below 1000 cubic metres per person per year.
b) This is a standard international benchmark for assessing water scarcity.

Answer: (d) Water harvesting techniques

Explanation:
1. Water harvesting techniques help conserve and manage water, making them a solution rather than a cause of water scarcity.

Teacher's Note:
a) Water harvesting is a solution to scarcity, not a cause.
b) Population growth, water-intensive crops and irrigation expansion all increase water demand and can worsen scarcity.

Answer: (a) Sutlej-Beas

Explanation:
1. The Bhakra Nangal Project is built on the Sutlej (with the Beas river feeding into the system).

Teacher's Note:
a) Bhakra Nangal is built on the Sutlej river.
b) It is one of India's earliest major multipurpose river valley projects.

Answer: (d) Mahanadi

Explanation:
1. The Hirakud Dam is built on the Mahanadi river in Odisha.

Teacher's Note:
a) Hirakud Dam lies on the Mahanadi river.
b) It is one of the world's longest earthen dams.

Answer: (a) Hydel power and irrigation

Explanation:
1. Bhakra Nangal's water is used mainly for generating hydel (hydroelectric) power and for irrigation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Bhakra Nangal serves hydel power and irrigation as its primary purposes.
b) This is typical of multipurpose river projects.

Answer: (a) Guls or Kuls

Explanation:
1. Guls or Kuls are the diversion channels used for irrigation in the Western Himalayas.

Teacher's Note:
a) Guls/Kuls = Western Himalayan diversion channels.
b) Khadins and johads are instead Rajasthan rainwater-harvesting structures.

Answer: (b) Khadins/Johads

Explanation:
1. Khadins and johads are agricultural fields in Rajasthan adapted to store rainfed runoff water.

Teacher's Note:
a) Khadins/johads are rainfed storage structures in agricultural fields.
b) They are a traditional Rajasthan rainwater-harvesting method.

Answer: (a) Tankas

Explanation:
1. Tankas are the underground tanks in Rajasthan used to store rainwater for drinking purposes.

Teacher's Note:
a) Tankas store rainwater underground for drinking in Rajasthan.
b) They were traditionally present in almost every house there.

Answer: (b) The perennial Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi) Canal

Explanation:
1. The perennial Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi) Canal has brought ample water to Western Rajasthan today, reducing reliance on older methods like tankas.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Indira Gandhi (Rajasthan) Canal is the main modern water source for Western Rajasthan.
b) This largely replaced older methods like household tankas for water supply.

Answer: (c) Tamil Nadu

Explanation:
1. Tamil Nadu is the only state to make rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory for all houses.

Teacher's Note:
a) Tamil Nadu mandates rooftop rainwater harvesting for every house.
b) This measure helps recharge groundwater and ease water scarcity.

Answer: (d) Increased crop yield

Explanation:
1. Increased crop yield is a benefit of irrigation, not an adverse effect, unlike changed cropping patterns, water-intensive cultivation in dry areas, and soil salinisation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Increased crop yield is irrigation's benefit, not its downside.
b) Changed cropping patterns, water-intensive crops in dry zones, and soil salinisation are genuine adverse effects.

Answer: (c) Dams drive the commercial and industrial sectors of India effectively

Explanation:
1. Nehru's view reflected dams' role in powering industrial and commercial development through irrigation and hydroelectricity.

Teacher's Note:
a) Nehru's 'temples of modern India' line referred to dams driving industrial/commercial development.
b) This reflects their role in irrigation and power generation.