CBSE Class 10 Social Science The Rise of Nationalism in Europe MCQs Set 11

Answer: (a) iv-iii-ii-i

Explanation:
1. The correct chronological order is: Napoleon's invasion of Italy, then the Vienna Settlement (1815), then the Greek struggle for independence (1821-32), then the unification of Italy (1859-70).

Teacher's Note:
a) This is a good overall timeline of the chapter's major events, worth memorising in sequence.

Answer: (d) National Assembly

Explanation:
1. In the French Revolution, the Estates General was reconstituted as the National Assembly by the elected representatives.

Answer: (d) Treaty of Constantinople

Explanation:
1. The Treaty of Constantinople, in 1832, formally granted Greece its independence from the Ottoman Empire.

Answer: (a) Common people

Explanation:
1. 'Das volk' is German for 'the people' or 'common people', a term central to Romantic nationalist thinking.

Teacher's Note:
a) This connects to Herder's idea that true national spirit was found among ordinary people, not elites.

Answer: (b) Otto von Bismarck

Explanation:
1. Otto von Bismarck, as Prussia's Chief Minister, masterminded German unification through a series of wars.

Teacher's Note:
a) Kaiser William I was proclaimed Emperor as a result, but Bismarck was the architect behind the process.

Answer: (c) Giuseppe Mazzini

Explanation:
1. Giuseppe Mazzini laid out an early, idealistic vision for a unified Italian republic, through his secret societies Young Italy and Young Europe.

Teacher's Note:
a) Italy was eventually unified as a monarchy under Victor Emmanuel II, not as Mazzini's republic.

Answer: (c) Freedom for the individual and equality before the law

Explanation:
1. This answer was corrected — see the note below.
2. Liberal nationalism, rooted in the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, centred on individual freedom, consent of the governed, and equality before the law.

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Supremacy of the state' describes authoritarian or conservative nationalism — the near-opposite of liberal nationalism.

Answer: (b) Metternich

Explanation:
1. This well-known line, reflecting conservative Europe's fear of revolutionary contagion from France, is attributed to Metternich, the Austrian statesman.

Teacher's Note:
a) Metternich was a leading conservative figure after 1815, working to suppress revolutionary and nationalist movements.

Answer: (a) French Revolution

Explanation:
1. The French Revolution (1789) is widely regarded as the first major expression of modern nationalism in Europe.

Answer: (b) Napoleonic Code

Explanation:
1. Napoleon's 1804 Civil Code became known as the Napoleonic Code, which spread legal equality principles across the territories he controlled.

Answer: (a) 1859-1870

Explanation:
1. Italy's unification process is generally dated from 1859 (early wars with Austria) to 1870 (capture of Rome).

Teacher's Note:
a) Contrast with Germany's unification, which took place slightly later, 1866-1871.

Answer: (c) 1866-1871

Explanation:
1. Germany's unification under Prussian leadership took place between 1866 and 1871, culminating in the proclamation of the German Empire.

Answer: (c) The citizens

Explanation:
1. 'Le citoyen' is French for 'the citizen', reflecting the Revolution's emphasis on citizenship and political rights for ordinary people.

Answer: (a) Victor Emmanuel II

Explanation:
1. Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia was proclaimed King of a united Italy in 1861.

Answer: (d) Willingness to make peace

Explanation:
1. A sword paired with an olive branch symbolises a readiness to fight that is nonetheless balanced by a willingness to make peace.

Teacher's Note:
a) Each element in these allegorical images carried a specific meaning — broken chains, oak leaves, rising sun and so on.

Answer: (b) Greece

Explanation:
1. Ancient Greece is traditionally regarded as the cradle of European civilisation, which helps explain the strong Western European sympathy for Greek independence.

Answer: (a) Military actions

Explanation:
1. Unlike the liberal, revolutionary unification attempts of 1848, German unification was ultimately achieved through a series of wars orchestrated by Bismarck and the Prussian military.

Answer: (c) 19th century

Explanation:
1. The nationalist movements and ideas covered in this chapter developed mainly through the 19th century.

Answer: (c) Ireland

Explanation:
1. Ireland had a deep religious divide between its Catholic majority and Protestant minority, which shaped its complicated relationship with the rest of the United Kingdom.

Answer: (b) Large landowners

Explanation:
1. The Junkers were the large landowners of Prussia, whose support (alongside the monarchy and military) was crucial to Bismarck's unification efforts.

Teacher's Note:
a) Their backing explains why Prussia, rather than a liberal popular movement, ended up leading German unification.

Answer: (a) Traditional institutions of state and society should be preserved

Explanation:
1. Conservatism, as it emerged after 1815, emphasised preserving traditional institutions such as the monarchy, the Church and social hierarchy.

Teacher's Note:
a) The other three options actually describe LIBERAL positions, the opposite of conservatism.

Answer: (c) Garibaldi

Explanation:
1. Giuseppe Garibaldi led the Red Shirts, a volunteer force that helped liberate southern Italy during unification.