CBSE Class 10 Social Science The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe MCQs Set 08

Answer: (a) Censorship laws to control the press

Explanation:
1. Liberal nationalists criticised censorship laws that restricted press freedom, viewing them as a denial of basic liberties.

Teacher's Note:
a) Censorship laws, restricting press freedom, were a key liberal grievance.
b) Liberals sought freedom of the press alongside national unity.

Answer: (b) Aristocratic

Explanation:
1. The conservative regimes set up after 1815 (at the Congress of Vienna) were aristocratic, favouring traditional monarchies and elites.

Teacher's Note:
a) Post-1815 regimes were aristocratic, favouring old elites and monarchies.
b) This was a reaction against the changes brought by the French Revolution.

Answer: (a) French Revolution

Explanation:
1. The French Revolution (1789) is regarded as the first clear expression of nationalism, introducing ideas like 'la patrie' and 'le citoyen'.

Teacher's Note:
a) The French Revolution is seen as nationalism's first expression.
b) It introduced ideas of the nation and citizenship that spread across Europe.

Answer: (b) Victor Emmanuel II

Explanation:
1. Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of a united Italy in 1861.

Teacher's Note:
a) Victor Emmanuel II became King of united Italy in 1861.
b) Cavour and Garibaldi were key leaders of the unification movement but did not become king.

Answer: (b) Ottoman empire

Explanation:
1. Much of the Balkan region was under the control of the Ottoman Empire before the rise of nationalist movements there.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Balkans were largely under Ottoman control.
b) Nationalist movements, like the Greek War of Independence, challenged this control.

Answer: (d) None of the above

Explanation:
1. European conservatives believed in all three listed ideas — traditional institutions, strong monarchy, and a return to pre-revolutionary society — so 'none of the above' correctly captures that there is no exception among them.

Teacher's Note:
a) Conservatives supported traditional institutions, strong monarchy, and a pre-revolutionary order.
b) All three options describe genuine conservative beliefs.

Answer: (c) Italy

Explanation:
1. Napoleon was ultimately defeated by a coalition including Britain, Austria and Germany (Prussia); Italy was not a member of this coalition against him.

Teacher's Note:
a) Britain, Austria and Prussia (Germany) were part of the coalition defeating Napoleon.
b) Italy was not a part of this coalition.

Answer: (a) Greece

Explanation:
1. The Treaty of Constantinople (1832) recognised Greece as an independent nation, following the Greek War of Independence.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Treaty of Constantinople recognised Greek independence.
b) This followed years of nationalist struggle against Ottoman rule.

Answer: (c) Duke Metternich

Explanation:
1. The Congress/Treaty of Vienna (1815) was hosted by Duke Metternich, the Austrian chancellor.

Teacher's Note:
a) Duke Metternich of Austria hosted the Congress of Vienna.
b) It aimed to restore conservative order in post-Napoleonic Europe.

Answer: (d) Russia was given the German Confederation of 39 states

Explanation:
1. Russia was given control of Poland by the Treaty of Vienna, not the German Confederation; the German Confederation of 39 states was a separate outcome, so attributing it to Russia is incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
a) Russia received control of Poland, not the German Confederation, under the Vienna settlement.
b) The German Confederation of 39 states was its own separate outcome of the treaty.

Answer: (b) Spirit of the nation

Explanation:
1. 'Volksgeist' is a German term meaning the 'spirit of the nation', associated with the cultural idea of nationalism advanced by thinkers like Herder.

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Volksgeist' means the spirit of the nation.
b) It reflects the Romantic-era idea that a nation's culture defines its unique spirit.

Answer: (b) Zollverein

Explanation:
1. The Zollverein was the customs union formed by Prussia in 1834 to reduce tariff barriers among German states.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Zollverein was Prussia's customs union, formed in 1834.
b) It helped economically unify the German states ahead of political unification.

Answer: (d) Frédéric Sorrieu

Explanation:
1. Frédéric Sorrieu was the French artist who prepared this series of four prints imagining a world of independent nation-states.

Teacher's Note:
a) Frédéric Sorrieu created the four-print series imagining a world of nations.
b) His work visualised liberty, democracy and social and international organisation as a people's chain.

Answer: (a) Philip Veit

Explanation:
1. Philip Veit painted the allegorical female figure of Germania, representing the German nation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Philip Veit painted the allegorical figure Germania.
b) Marianne similarly represented France, as a national allegory.

Answer: (d) Poland was partitioned at the end of the 18th century by three Great Powers: Russia, Prussia and Austria

Explanation:
1. Poland was partitioned among Russia, Prussia and Austria at the end of the 18th century, losing its independence as a unified state.

Teacher's Note:
a) Poland was partitioned among Russia, Prussia and Austria.
b) This partition ended Poland's independence as a sovereign state.

Answer: (c) Bohemia, Galicia, Austria, Hungary

Explanation:
1. Bohemia, Galicia, Austria and Hungary were regions of the Austro-Hungarian/Habsburg Empire, while the other groups are all Balkan nationalities/regions.

Teacher's Note:
a) Bohemia, Galicia, Austria and Hungary belonged to the Habsburg Empire.
b) The other three groups are all Balkan nationalities, making the Habsburg group the odd one out.

Answer: (a) Utopian

Explanation:
1. An idealistic vision unlikely to be realised is called 'utopian', describing Sorrieu's imagined world of democratic and social republics.

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Utopian' describes an idealistic vision unlikely to be realised.
b) Sorrieu's prints imagined just such an idealistic world of nations.

Answer: (b) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

Explanation:
1. Friedrich Wilhelm IV joined other monarchs against the elected assembly (IV); Louise Otto-Peters founded a women's journal (III); Carl Welcker declared men stronger and women weaker (II); and Lord Byron organised funds and fought in the Greek war of independence (I).

Teacher's Note:
a) Friedrich Wilhelm IV opposed the elected assembly; Louise Otto-Peters founded a women's journal.
b) Carl Welcker voiced a sexist view of gender roles; Lord Byron fought and funded the Greek independence cause.

Answer: (c) Plebiscite — A system of direct vote

Explanation:
1. A plebiscite is indeed a system of direct voting on a specific issue, making this the correctly matched pair.

Teacher's Note:
a) A plebiscite is a direct vote on a specific issue.
b) The other pairs mismatch the terms with incorrect definitions.

Answer: (b) Domination of the middle classes in the parliament

Explanation:
1. The Frankfurt Parliament was notably dominated by educated middle-class members, which is what this painting most likely depicted.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Frankfurt Parliament (1848) was dominated by the educated middle class.
b) It notably did not extend political rights to women, nor was it backed by conservative monarchs.

Answer: (a) Aristocratic class

Explanation:
1. This description — owning both estates and town-houses, speaking French, intermarrying across regions — matches the European aristocratic class.

Teacher's Note:
a) Owning estates and town-houses, speaking French, and intermarrying describe the European aristocracy.
b) 'Nobility' alone is too narrow, since the aristocracy here is defined by this shared cross-regional lifestyle.

Answer: (d) (I), (II), (III) and (IV)

Explanation:
1. All four statements accurately describe the Statue of Liberty as depicted in Sorrieu's work and its symbolic meaning.

Teacher's Note:
a) All four statements about the Statue of Liberty are accurate.
b) It is both a French monument and an allegorical figure of Liberty, depicted in Sorrieu's prints.

Answer: (b) (III), (IV), (I), (II)

Explanation:
1. Napoleon's invasion of Italy began the Napoleonic wars (III); this was followed by the Vienna Settlement in 1815 (IV); then the Greek struggle for independence began in the 1820s (I); and finally the 1830/1848 revolutions involving various social groups occurred (II).

Teacher's Note:
a) Correct order: Napoleonic wars → Vienna Settlement (1815) → Greek independence struggle → 1830s/1848 revolutions.
b) This traces the main chronological arc of early 19th-century European nationalism.

Answer: (b) Germany

Explanation:
1. Germania, the female allegorical figure crowned with oak leaves (symbolising heroism), represents Germany.

Teacher's Note:
a) Germania, crowned with oak leaves symbolising heroism, represents Germany.
b) This parallels Marianne representing France.

Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Explanation:
1. The controversy over women's political rights was indeed real, and this is correctly explained by prevailing social attitudes viewing women as inferior despite their active participation in liberal movements.

Teacher's Note:
a) Prevailing sexist attitudes explain why women's political rights remained controversial.
b) Both statements are true, and R correctly explains why A held, despite women's active participation.

Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Explanation:
1. Serfdom was indeed abolished in these regions, and this is correctly explained by monarchs' strategic concessions to stem the tide of revolution.

Teacher's Note:
a) Monarchs abolished serfdom as a strategic concession to prevent revolution.
b) Both statements are true, and R correctly explains why monarchs took this step.

Answer: (a) Italy

Explanation:
1. Italy fits all three clues: its long political fragmentation, Mazzini's unification efforts, and Victor Emmanuel II's coronation in 1861.

Teacher's Note:
a) Italy was politically fragmented before unification.
b) Mazzini campaigned for its republic, and Victor Emmanuel II became king of unified Italy in 1861.

Answer: (c) Polish

Explanation:
1. Galicia, a region under Habsburg rule, was predominantly Polish-speaking.

Teacher's Note:
a) Galicia was predominantly Polish-speaking.
b) Bohemia, by contrast, had German as a dominant administrative language.

Answer: (a) iv-iii-ii-i

Explanation:
1. The correct chronological order is: Napoleon's invasion of Italy, then the Vienna Settlement (1815), then the Greek struggle for independence (1821-32), then the unification of Italy (1859-70).

Teacher's Note:
a) This is a good overall timeline of the chapter's major events, worth memorising in sequence.

Answer: (d) National Assembly

Explanation:
1. In the French Revolution, the Estates General was reconstituted as the National Assembly by the elected representatives.

Answer: (d) Treaty of Constantinople

Explanation:
1. The Treaty of Constantinople, in 1832, formally granted Greece its independence from the Ottoman Empire.

Answer: (a) Common people

Explanation:
1. 'Das volk' is German for 'the people' or 'common people', a term central to Romantic nationalist thinking.

Teacher's Note:
a) This connects to Herder's idea that true national spirit was found among ordinary people, not elites.

Answer: (b) Otto von Bismarck

Explanation:
1. Otto von Bismarck, as Prussia's Chief Minister, masterminded German unification through a series of wars.

Teacher's Note:
a) Kaiser William I was proclaimed Emperor as a result, but Bismarck was the architect behind the process.

Answer: (c) Giuseppe Mazzini

Explanation:
1. Giuseppe Mazzini laid out an early, idealistic vision for a unified Italian republic, through his secret societies Young Italy and Young Europe.

Teacher's Note:
a) Italy was eventually unified as a monarchy under Victor Emmanuel II, not as Mazzini's republic.

Answer: (c) Freedom for the individual and equality before the law

Explanation:
1. This answer was corrected — see the note below.
2. Liberal nationalism, rooted in the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, centred on individual freedom, consent of the governed, and equality before the law.

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Supremacy of the state' describes authoritarian or conservative nationalism — the near-opposite of liberal nationalism.

Answer: (b) Metternich

Explanation:
1. This well-known line, reflecting conservative Europe's fear of revolutionary contagion from France, is attributed to Metternich, the Austrian statesman.

Teacher's Note:
a) Metternich was a leading conservative figure after 1815, working to suppress revolutionary and nationalist movements.

Answer: (a) French Revolution

Explanation:
1. The French Revolution (1789) is widely regarded as the first major expression of modern nationalism in Europe.

Answer: (b) Napoleonic Code

Explanation:
1. Napoleon's 1804 Civil Code became known as the Napoleonic Code, which spread legal equality principles across the territories he controlled.

Answer: (a) 1859-1870

Explanation:
1. Italy's unification process is generally dated from 1859 (early wars with Austria) to 1870 (capture of Rome).

Teacher's Note:
a) Contrast with Germany's unification, which took place slightly later, 1866-1871.