CBSE Class 10 Social Science Social Science (Industries, Nationalism, Federalism, Economy) MCQs Set 08

Answer: (b) Cement. Limestone is the main raw material of the cement industry, along with silica, alumina and gypsum.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cement is made by heating limestone with other minerals.
2. Remember cement as the limestone-based industry.

Answer: (a) Public Sector Industry. It is owned and run by the Government of India, so it is a public sector undertaking.

Teacher's Note:
1. Public sector industries are owned by the government.
2. ONGC and Oil India are standard examples.

Answer: (a) Aluminium. Bauxite is the ore from which aluminium is extracted.

Teacher's Note:
1. Alumina is first obtained from bauxite and then smelted into aluminium.
2. Match every industry with its key raw material.

Answer: (b) Srinagar. The North-South Corridor runs from Srinagar to Kanyakumari.

Teacher's Note:
1. It joins Srinagar with Kanyakumari through Delhi, Nagpur, Hyderabad and Bengaluru.
2. The East-West Corridor joins Silchar and Porbandar.

Answer: (c) 1953. Air transport was nationalised in 1953 and Air India became the national carrier.

Teacher's Note:
1. Indian Airlines and Air India were created after nationalisation.
2. Learn this date along with other lifeline milestones.

Answer: (a) Gullies. Such deep channels are gullies, and land cut up by them is called bad land or ravines.

Teacher's Note:
1. Gully erosion makes land unfit for cultivation.
2. Sheet erosion, in contrast, removes a thin layer of soil over a wide area.

Answer: (b) Igneous and metamorphic rocks. Minerals such as tin, copper, zinc and lead occur as veins and lodes in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Teacher's Note:
1. Veins are thin occurrences and lodes are thick ones.
2. Sedimentary rocks hold coal, potash salt and sodium salt in layers.

Answer: (b) Gross cropped area. Net sown area plus the area sown more than once gives the gross cropped area.

Teacher's Note:
1. Gross cropped area counts a field once for every crop sown on it.
2. Net sown area counts each field only once.

Answer: (a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay – Vande Mataram. Bankim Chandra wrote the hymn Vande Mataram; Ambedkar founded the Depressed Classes Association, Iqbal was the Muslim League president and Abanindranath Tagore painted Bharat Mata.

Teacher's Note:
1. Symbols and writers of nationalism are often asked as matching items.
2. Natesa Sastri compiled The Folklore of Southern India.

Answer: (b) C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru. C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed it to argue for a return to council politics.

Teacher's Note:
1. They wanted to take part in the provincial councils and oppose colonial policies from within.
2. This followed the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Answer: (a) Cultural movement. Romanticism was a European cultural movement that stressed emotion, intuition and mystical feeling and tried to create a sense of shared national past.

Teacher's Note:
1. Romantics criticised the glorification of reason.
2. Herder saw folk songs and poetry as the true spirit of a nation.

Answer: (a) Treaty of Constantinople – recognised Greece as an independent nation. The Treaty of Constantinople (1832) recognised Greece as independent; the Napoleonic Code protected the right to property and the Treaty of Vienna (1815) restored conservative regimes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Match each treaty or code with its main effect.
2. The French Revolution transferred sovereignty from the monarch to the citizens.

Answer: (b) Kaiser William I of Prussia. William I of Prussia was proclaimed emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles after the defeat of France.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bismarck was the architect of unification but not the emperor.
2. The ceremony was held after Prussia's victory over France.

Answer: (b) China trade. Many early entrepreneurs earned their capital from the China trade, which included opium exports.

Teacher's Note:
1. Later some of them invested in industry.
2. Others made money from the Burma and Middle East trade.

Answer: (b) Both A and B are true. Power sharing reduces tension among groups and also respects the democratic idea of sharing power with those affected.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both ideas are given as prudential and moral reasons for power sharing.
2. Belgium and Sri Lanka show the two contrasting outcomes.

Answer: (b) 1956. The 1956 Act made Sinhala the sole official language and ignored Tamil, which caused resentment.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Act also favoured Sinhala applicants in government jobs.
2. This increased the alienation of Sri Lankan Tamils.

Answer: (b) Community government. Belgium has the central government, regional governments and a third community government elected by each language community.

Teacher's Note:
1. The community government looks after cultural, educational and language matters.
2. It is elected by people of one language community living in different regions.

Answer: (b) The central law prevails. For subjects in the Concurrent List, the law of the Union government prevails in case of a conflict.

Teacher's Note:
1. Education and forests are examples of Concurrent subjects.
2. State governments have exclusive power on State List subjects.

Answer: (a) Union List. Subjects of national importance such as defence, banking, foreign affairs and currency are on the Union List.

Teacher's Note:
1. Only Parliament can make laws on Union List subjects.
2. Police and agriculture belong to the State List.

Answer: (c) Panchayati Raj bodies. The constitutional amendments of 1992 reserved one-third of seats for women in rural and urban local bodies.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reservation in local bodies has increased women's participation in politics.
2. Women's representation in the Cabinet is not fixed by law.

Answer: (a) Literacy rate. This is the standard definition of the literacy rate used in the Census.

Teacher's Note:
1. Literacy rate is an important indicator of human development.
2. Kerala has one of the highest literacy rates in India.

Answer: (b) PDS. The Public Distribution System supplies foodgrains at subsidised prices through ration shops.

Teacher's Note:
1. PDS is also used to build the buffer stock of foodgrains.
2. BMI, GNI and HDI are indicators, not schemes.

Answer: (c) Insecure employment. In the unorganised sector jobs are low paid, irregular and insecure, and rules are not followed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Organised sector jobs have fixed hours and benefits.
2. Unorganised workers need protection on wages, safety and health.

Answer: (b) MGNREGA 2005. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 guarantees 100 days of employment per year to rural households.

Teacher's Note:
1. If the government fails to provide work it must give an unemployment allowance.
2. It is an important anti-poverty programme.

Answer: (b) Disguised unemployment. This is disguised or underemployment, seen mostly among agricultural workers who share the same land.

Teacher's Note:
1. If some workers are removed, total output does not fall.
2. It is common in small family farms.

Answer: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. Both statements are true, but R does not explain why the rich get more formal loans, which depends on collateral and documentation.

Teacher's Note:
1. The reason states a general need and not the cause of the pattern.
2. Read both statements separately before judging the link.

Answer: (d) Depositors and borrowers. Banks collect deposits from savers and lend the money to borrowers.

Teacher's Note:
1. They earn by charging a higher interest rate on loans than on deposits.
2. Demand deposits can be withdrawn on demand.

Answer: (c) RBI supervises informal sources of credit. The RBI supervises formal sources of credit such as banks; there is no supervision of informal lenders.

Teacher's Note:
1. Moneylenders and traders can charge high interest rates because nobody supervises them.
2. This is a reason to expand formal credit.

Answer: (c) Buyers. Foreign trade lets consumers choose among goods produced in their own country and other countries.

Teacher's Note:
1. Producers also gain by reaching markets beyond their own country.
2. Prices of imported goods often become competitive.

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. MNCs set up production where labour and resources are cheap, which lowers their cost and raises profit.

Teacher's Note:
1. R directly gives the reason behind A.
2. Low cost of production is a key motive for MNC investment.